JP4310833B2 - Safety net - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4310833B2
JP4310833B2 JP02653899A JP2653899A JP4310833B2 JP 4310833 B2 JP4310833 B2 JP 4310833B2 JP 02653899 A JP02653899 A JP 02653899A JP 2653899 A JP2653899 A JP 2653899A JP 4310833 B2 JP4310833 B2 JP 4310833B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
safety net
fiber
strength
dtex
spinning
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JP02653899A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000226757A (en
Inventor
由治 奥村
太成 松本
裕平 前田
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は安全ネットに関するものであり、詳しくは、建築資材用として使用する際に十分な機械特性と優れた耐候性を有し、使用後廃棄された場合において生分解性を有する安全ネットに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、建築作業の現場においても作業の安全性が重視され、安全ネットが広く使用されている。安全ネットに要求される特性としては編強力、耐衝撃吸収性が挙げられ、さらに耐候性、難燃性に優れたものが望まれる。
【0003】
従来、安全ネットには特公昭61−2145号公報に記載されているようにポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維が多く使用されてきた。ポリエチレンテレフタレートからなる安全ネットは機械特性に優れるが、耐候性が十分ではなく、屋外での長時間の使用による強度低下が大きいことが問題であった。また、ポリエチレンテレフタレートから得られた製品は用済み後の処分において、生分解性を有さないため、最終的に焼却又は埋め立てにするしか処分の手段がなく、大気汚染や埋め立て地確保の問題があったほか、不法に廃棄された場合には環境破壊を引き起こすなどの問題があった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は使用時において優れた機械特性と耐候性を有し、使用後自然環境下において徐々に分解消滅することによって焼却による大気の汚染の心配がなく、万が一放置された場合にも環境破壊を引き起こすことのない安全ネットを提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため本発明の安全ネットは主として次の構成を有する。すなわち、融点130℃以上のポリ乳酸を主体とし、破断強度が4.5cN/dtex以上、破断伸度が15%以上であるマルチフィラメントからなることを特徴とする安全ネットである。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
発明において融点とは、DSC測定で得られる溶融ピークの温度をいう。融点が130℃よりも低い場合には、製糸時、特に紡糸時に単繊維間の融着が著しくなり、更に延伸性不良が発生するなど製品の品位が著しく損なわれる。好ましくは融点は150℃以上であり、さらに好ましくは融点が170℃以上である。
【0007】
安全ネットを構成する繊維の素材としてポリ乳酸を用いることにより優れた耐候性を得ることができる。また、ポリ乳酸は生物分解性或いは加水分解性が高く、使用後は自然環境中で容易に分解されるという利点を有する。さらに、使用する繊維の繊度や繊維構造、あるいは編み構造やコーティングにより安全ネットの設計を変更することにより、分解性を制御することができる。
【0008】
リ乳酸の製造方法には、L−乳酸、D−乳酸、LD−乳酸(乳酸のラセミ体)を原料として一旦環状二量体であるラクチドを生成せしめ、その後開環重合を行う二段階のラクチド法と、当該原料を溶媒中で直接脱水縮合を行う一段階の直接重合法が知られている。本発明で好ましく用いられるポリ乳酸はいずれの製法によって得られたものであってもよい。ラクチド法によって得られるポリマーの場合にはポリマー中に含有される環状2量体が溶融紡糸時に気化して糸斑の原因となるため、溶融紡糸以前の段階でポリマー中に含有される環状2量体の含有量を0.1wt%以下とすることが望ましい。
【0009】
ポリ乳酸の平均分子量は高いほど好ましく、通常少なくとも5万、好ましくは少なくとも10万、好ましくは10〜30万である。平均分子量をこのように少なくとも5万とする場合には繊維の強度物性を優れたものとすることができ好ましい。
【0011】
また、溶融粘度を低減させるため、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリブチレンサクシネート、ポリエチレンサクシネートのような脂肪族ポリエステルポリマーを内部可塑剤として、あるいは外部可塑剤として用いることができる。
【0012】
本発明の安全ネットに使用する繊維の破断強度は4.5cN/dtex以上であり、5.0cN/dtex以上であることが好ましい。かかる範囲とすることで、所望の編強力を達成するための安全ネットの目付量が大きくなりすぎることはない。
【0013】
また、本発明の安全ネットに使用する繊維の破断伸度は15%以上であり、18%以上であることが好ましい。かかる範囲とすることで、安全ネットが衝撃を受け止める際の伸びが十分となり、応力が特定部位に集中せず破断しにくくなる他、安全ネットが人体を受け止める際の減速度(G値)を小さくでき、人体に対するダメージを小さく抑制することができる。
【0014】
本発明の脂肪族ポリエステルには、着色顔料、難燃剤、紫外線安定化剤、艶消し剤、消臭剤、糸摩擦低減剤、抗酸化剤等を必要に応じて添加することができる。
【0015】
着色顔料としては無機顔料の他、シアニン系、スチレン系、フタロシアイン系、アンスラキノン系、ペリノン系、イソインドリノン系、キノフタロン系、キノクリドン系、チオインディゴ系などのものを使用することができる。繊維の着色は意匠性の点からだけではなく、繊維の耐候性を向上できる点からも好ましい。
【0025】
また、紫外線安定化剤として、ベンゾフェノン系、ベンゾトリアゾール系、ヒンダードアミン系化合物を好ましく用いることもできる。この際の配合量は繊維重量に対して0.005〜1.0wt%が好ましい。
【0026】
本発明に用いられる繊維は通常の溶融紡糸で得られるもので構わない。すなわち、乾燥処理されたポリマーを、例えばエクストルーダーやプレッシャーメルターで溶融した後、メタリングポンプによって計量し、紡糸パック内等で濾過を行った後、口金から吐出される。吐出された糸は冷却風等によって冷却・固化された後、油剤を付与されて、引き取られ、その後延伸される。口金の吐出孔径は丸断面の場合0.2〜1.0mm程度が好ましく使用される。冷却域では、常温、40〜70℃程度に加温あるいは冷却された気体を、15〜50m/分の線速度で吹き付ければよい。この冷却域の条件も、紡出されるポリマーの溶融粘度、単繊維繊度、ドラフト率、単繊維数等の設定条件によって選択すればよい。
【0027】
延伸に当たっては延伸の前に一旦巻き取る2工程法を用いても、紡糸後巻き取ることなく引き続いて延伸を行う直接紡糸延伸法を用いてもどちらでも構わない。引き取り速度は繊維強度の観点から4000m/分以下、また生産性の観点から300m/分以上であることが好ましい。延伸倍率は引き取り速度によって変わり、得られた繊維の伸度が上記したような範囲になるように調整されればよい。さらに、紡出直下、冷却・固化の前には加熱帯を設置して糸条をポリマーの融点以上の温度に加熱し、繊維の強度を高めることが好ましい。延伸は1段延伸でも2段以上の多段延伸でも構わないが、強度を得る観点から2〜4段延伸が好ましく、巻き取り前にはポリマーの融点より20〜80℃程度低い温度で熱処理が行われることが好ましく、また寸法安定性の観点から1〜20%の弛緩処理が行われることが好ましい。紡糸によって得られるマルチフィラメントの繊度、フィラメント数は好ましくはそれぞれは250dtex〜4000dtex、20〜500である。
【0028】
製網にはまず得られたポリ乳酸繊維を2〜6本合わせ、下撚りを施し、該下撚り糸を2〜8本合糸して下撚りとは逆の方向に撚りを施すことで合撚糸を得る。次いで得られた合撚糸をラッセル編機などで編成することによってネットを得る。得られたネットは必要に応じてさらに100〜160℃で30〜300秒程度の熱処理を施してもよい。
【0029】
前記した、紡出直下、冷却・固化の前に加熱帯を設置する場合において、加熱帯の温度は120〜350℃、その長さは5〜300cmが好ましく使用される。この加熱帯の条件についても、紡出されるポリマーの溶融粘度、単繊維繊度、ドラフト率、単繊維数等の設定条件によって選択すればよい。
糸条の延伸に必要な熱を与える方法としては、加熱ロール、スチーム、接触熱板、熱ピン、乾熱非接触ヒーターなど公知の手法を用いればよい。
【0030】
以下、実施例により本発明の特徴を具体的に説明する。
【実施例】
本実施例において採用した測定方法を以下に示す。
(a)繊維の強度、伸度
試料を気温20℃、湿度65%の温調室にてテンシロン引張試験機を用い、糸長25cm、引張速度30cm/分で測定した。
(b)難燃性
JIS L 1091(D法)により測定した。
(c)耐候性
安全ネットの耐候性は、JIS L 1096の耐候性A法によって100時間の処理を行った後の引張強度を測定し、処理前の引張強度に対する保持率を求めた。
(d)生分解性
安全ネットを土壌中に6ヶ月埋めておき、取り出し後の繊維の強度を測定し、強度保持率を算出した。
【0031】
[実施例1]スチレン系イエローとシアニン系ブルーとカーボンを1:1.5:0.1重量比の割合で調整した着色剤0.3重量%とを含む重量平均分子量20万のポリL−乳酸を240℃で紡糸した後7倍に加熱延伸し、1110dtex、144フィラメントのポリ乳酸繊維を得た。得られた繊維をラッセル編機によってフロント7000dtex、バック4700dtexの編み地とし、目付量410g/m 2 の安全ネットを得た。得られた繊維及び安全ネットの特性を表1に併せて示した。
[実施例2]着色剤を含まない以外は実施例1と同様のポリ乳酸繊維を得、実施例1と同様に安全ネットを得た。得られた繊維及び安全ネットの特性を表1に併せて示した。
[比較例1]1110dtex、144フィラメントのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維(表1中、PETと表示)を使用し、実施例1と同様に安全ネットを得た。繊維及び安全ネットの特性を表1に併せて示した。
[比較例2]1110dtex、144フィラメントのポリカプロラクトン繊維(表1中、PCLと表示)を使用し、実施例1と同様に安全ネットを得た。繊維及び安全ネットの特性を表1に併せて示した。
【0032】
【表1】

Figure 0004310833
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明の安全ネットは使用時の耐候性に優れ、長期間にわたってその性能を維持するだけでなく、生分解性も有しており、製品処分を行う際、土中に埋没することで地球環境に影響を与えることなく廃棄することが安易に行えるため極めて有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a safety net, and more particularly to a safety net that has sufficient mechanical properties and excellent weather resistance when used as a building material, and has biodegradability when discarded after use. It is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the safety of work has been emphasized even in construction work sites, and safety nets have been widely used. Properties required for the safety net include knitting strength and impact resistance, and further excellent weather resistance and flame resistance are desired.
[0003]
Conventionally, polyethylene terephthalate fibers have been frequently used for safety nets as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-2145. A safety net made of polyethylene terephthalate is excellent in mechanical properties, but it has a problem that the weather resistance is not sufficient and the strength is greatly reduced by long-term use outdoors. In addition, since products obtained from polyethylene terephthalate are not biodegradable in disposal after use, there is no choice but to dispose of them by incineration or landfill. In addition, there were problems such as causing environmental destruction when illegally disposed of.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The purpose of the present invention is to have excellent mechanical properties and weather resistance during use, and since it gradually decomposes and disappears in the natural environment after use, there is no concern about air pollution due to incineration. It is to provide a safety net that does not cause destruction.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the safety net of the present invention mainly has the following configuration. That is, a safety net comprising a multifilament mainly composed of polylactic acid having a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher , a breaking strength of 4.5 cN / dtex or more, and a breaking elongation of 15% or more .
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In this invention, melting | fusing point means the temperature of the melting peak obtained by DSC measurement. When the melting point is lower than 130 ° C., the fusion between the single fibers becomes remarkable at the time of spinning, especially at the time of spinning, and further, the quality of the product is remarkably impaired such as poor stretchability. Preferably, the melting point is 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably the melting point is 170 ° C. or higher.
[0007]
Excellent weather resistance can be obtained by using polylactic acid as the material of the fibers constituting the safety net. In addition, polylactic acid is highly biodegradable or hydrolyzable and has an advantage that it is easily degraded in the natural environment after use. Furthermore, the degradability can be controlled by changing the design of the safety net according to the fineness and fiber structure of the fibers used, or the knitting structure and coating.
[0008]
The method for producing a polylactic acid, L- lactic acid, D- lactic, LD- lactic acid (lactate racemate) once yielding lactide which is a cyclic dimer as a raw material, a two-stage performing subsequent ring-opening polymerization A lactide method and a one-step direct polymerization method in which the raw material is directly subjected to dehydration condensation in a solvent are known. The polylactic acid preferably used in the present invention may be obtained by any production method. In the case of a polymer obtained by the lactide method, the cyclic dimer contained in the polymer is vaporized at the time of melt spinning to cause yarn unevenness. Therefore, the cyclic dimer contained in the polymer at a stage before melt spinning. The content of is desirably 0.1 wt% or less.
[0009]
The average molecular weight of polylactic acid is preferably as high as possible, and is usually at least 50,000, preferably at least 100,000, and preferably 100,000 to 300,000. When the average molecular weight is at least 50,000, the strength properties of the fiber can be improved, which is preferable.
[0011]
In order to reduce the melt viscosity, aliphatic polyester polymers such as polycaprolactone, polybutylene succinate, and polyethylene succinate can be used as an internal plasticizer or as an external plasticizer.
[0012]
The breaking strength of the fiber used in the safety net of the present invention is 4.5 cN / dtex or more , preferably 5.0 cN / dtex or more. By setting it as such a range, the fabric weight of the safety net for achieving desired knitting strength does not become too large.
[0013]
The breaking elongation of the fiber used in the safety net of the present invention is 15% or more , and preferably 18% or more. By setting it within this range, the safety net is sufficiently stretched to receive an impact, the stress is not concentrated on a specific part and is not easily broken, and the deceleration (G value) when the safety net receives a human body is reduced. And damage to the human body can be reduced.
[0014]
A coloring pigment, a flame retardant, an ultraviolet stabilizer, a matting agent, a deodorant, a yarn friction reducing agent, an antioxidant and the like can be added to the aliphatic polyester of the present invention as necessary.
[0015]
In addition to inorganic pigments, cyanine, styrene, phthalocyanine, anthraquinone, perinone, isoindolinone, quinophthalone, quinocridone, thioindigo, and the like can be used as the color pigment. . The coloring of the fibers is preferable not only from the viewpoint of design properties but also from the viewpoint of improving the weather resistance of the fibers.
[0025]
Further, benzophenone-based, benzotriazole-based, and hindered amine-based compounds can be preferably used as the ultraviolet stabilizer. The blending amount at this time is preferably 0.005 to 1.0 wt% with respect to the fiber weight.
[0026]
The fiber used in the present invention may be obtained by ordinary melt spinning. That is, after the dried polymer is melted by, for example, an extruder or a pressure melter, the polymer is measured by a metering pump, filtered in a spinning pack or the like, and then discharged from a die. The discharged yarn is cooled and solidified by cooling air or the like, then applied with an oil agent, taken up, and then drawn. The diameter of the discharge hole of the die is preferably about 0.2 to 1.0 mm in the case of a round cross section. In the cooling region, a gas heated or cooled to about 40 to 70 ° C. at normal temperature may be sprayed at a linear velocity of 15 to 50 m / min. The conditions for this cooling region may be selected according to setting conditions such as the melt viscosity, the single fiber fineness, the draft rate, and the number of single fibers of the polymer to be spun.
[0027]
For stretching, either a two-step method of winding once before stretching or a direct spinning stretching method in which stretching is performed without winding after spinning may be used. The take-up speed is preferably 4000 m / min or less from the viewpoint of fiber strength and 300 m / min or more from the viewpoint of productivity. The draw ratio varies depending on the take-up speed and may be adjusted so that the elongation of the obtained fiber is in the above range. Further, it is preferable that a heating zone is provided immediately under spinning and before cooling and solidification to heat the yarn to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the polymer to increase the strength of the fiber. The stretching may be one-stage stretching or multi-stage stretching of two or more stages, but from the viewpoint of obtaining strength, 2 to 4 stage stretching is preferable, and before winding, heat treatment is performed at a temperature about 20 to 80 ° C. lower than the melting point of the polymer. It is preferable that a relaxation treatment of 1 to 20% is performed from the viewpoint of dimensional stability. The fineness and the number of filaments of the multifilament obtained by spinning are preferably 250 to 4000 dtex and 20 to 500, respectively.
[0028]
First, 2-6 strands of the polylactic acid fibers obtained are combined in the net, and then twisted, 2-8 strands of the twisted yarn are combined, and twisted in the opposite direction to the twisted yarn. Get. Next, a net is obtained by knitting the obtained twisted yarn with a Russell knitting machine or the like. The obtained net may be further subjected to heat treatment at 100 to 160 ° C. for about 30 to 300 seconds as necessary.
[0029]
In the case where the heating zone is installed immediately before spinning and before cooling and solidification, the temperature of the heating zone is preferably 120 to 350 ° C. and the length is preferably 5 to 300 cm. The heating zone conditions may also be selected according to setting conditions such as the melt viscosity, the single fiber fineness, the draft rate, and the number of single fibers of the polymer to be spun.
As a method for applying heat necessary for drawing the yarn, a known method such as a heating roll, steam, a contact hot plate, a heat pin, or a dry heat non-contact heater may be used.
[0030]
The features of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples.
【Example】
The measurement method employed in this example is shown below.
(A) The strength and elongation of the fiber were measured at a yarn length of 25 cm and a tensile speed of 30 cm / min using a Tensilon tensile tester in a temperature-controlled room at an air temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 65%.
(B) Flame resistance was measured according to JIS L 1091 (Method D).
(C) Weather resistance The weather resistance of the safety net was determined by measuring the tensile strength after 100 hours of treatment according to the weather resistance A method of JIS L 1096, and determining the retention rate relative to the tensile strength before the treatment.
(D) A biodegradable safety net was buried in the soil for 6 months, the strength of the fiber after removal was measured, and the strength retention was calculated.
[0031]
[Example 1] Poly-L- having a weight average molecular weight of 200,000 comprising styrene yellow, cyanine blue and carbon, and 0.3% by weight of a colorant prepared at a ratio of 1: 1.5: 0.1. Lactic acid was spun at 240 ° C. and heated to 7 times to obtain 1110 dtex, 144 filament polylactic acid fibers. The obtained fiber was knitted with a front of 7000 dtex and a back of 4700 dtex using a Russell knitting machine to obtain a safety net with a basis weight of 410 g / m 2 . The properties of the obtained fiber and safety net are shown together in Table 1.
Example 2 A polylactic acid fiber similar to that in Example 1 was obtained except that no colorant was contained, and a safety net was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The properties of the obtained fiber and safety net are shown together in Table 1.
Comparative Example 1 A safety net was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 using 1110 dtex, 144 filament polyethylene terephthalate fiber (indicated as PET in Table 1). The properties of the fiber and safety net are shown together in Table 1.
Comparative Example 2 A safety net was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 using 1110 dtex, 144 filament polycaprolactone fiber (indicated as PCL in Table 1). The properties of the fiber and safety net are shown together in Table 1.
[0032]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004310833
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
The safety net of the present invention has excellent weather resistance during use, and not only maintains its performance over a long period of time, but also has biodegradability. It is extremely useful because it can be easily disposed of without affecting the quality.

Claims (2)

融点130℃以上のポリ乳酸を主体とし、破断強度が4.5cN/dtex以上、破断伸度が15%以上であるマルチフィラメントからなることを特徴とする安全ネット。A safety net comprising a multifilament mainly composed of polylactic acid having a melting point of 130 ° C or higher , a breaking strength of 4.5 cN / dtex or more, and a breaking elongation of 15% or more . 繊維が原着糸であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の安全ネット。The safety net according to claim 1, wherein the fiber is an original yarn.
JP02653899A 1999-02-03 1999-02-03 Safety net Expired - Fee Related JP4310833B2 (en)

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