JP4309136B2 - 制御目的にeegの複雑さを使用する閉ループ薬物投与方法及び装置 - Google Patents
制御目的にeegの複雑さを使用する閉ループ薬物投与方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、2001年5月18日に出願された、米国仮出願番号60/291,873の優先権を主張する。
本発明は、”閉ループ”の方法で催眠薬の投与を制御する方法及び装置に向けられている。
index)を使用して記載されている。Mortier E.他の、麻酔、1998年8月;53(8):749−754を参照する。また、この論文の著者への、公開された欧州特許出願EP959,921を参照する。バイスペクトルインデックスは、MAのファーミンガム(Farmingham)のアスペクト医療システムに専用であり、そして、1つ又はそれ以上の以下の米国特許:4,907,597;5,101,891;5,320,109;及び5,458,117に記載されている。バイスペクトルインデックスは、バイスペクトルインデックス(BIS)と呼ばれる、単一の変数を形成する努力であり、幾つかの催眠薬ついての麻酔の範囲をわたり、鎮静作用と催眠状態のふるまいの評価に関連する。
R. Rampilの、”麻酔でのEEG信号処理のためのプライマー(A Primer for EEG
Signal Processing
in Anesthesia)”、麻酔学、89(1998)、980−1003を参照する。このインデックスについての記載を含む、共通の譲渡人に譲渡された、ここに名前のある及び他の発明者の、米国特許6,731,975を参照する。
J.他の、麻酔学2000;92:1485−7を参照する。EMGに結合されていないバイスペクトルインデックス(BIS)のある逆説的な動作も報告されており;Detsch
O.他の、麻酔英国ジャーナル(British Journal of
Anesthesia)84(1):33−7(3000);Hirota K.他のEurJAnaesth(麻酔)1999年、16、779−783を参照する。
M,他のBr J
麻酔(Anaesth)1997年、2月;78(2):180−4を参照する。聴覚応答は、最低の催眠レベルに持続せず、測定の範囲を制限する。これは、閉ループ催眠薬管理で使用するAEPインデックスの有用性を減らしがちである。また、この技術は患者にイアフォンを装着する必要があり、適切な聴覚を有する患者に制限される。
従って、本発明の目的は、正確で且つ高い応答性の指示を使用し、それにより薬物の投与を改善する、閉ループの方法で患者へ催眠薬の投与を制御する改善された方法と装置を提供することである。本発明で使用される指示は、患者の催眠状態の変化に高速に応答するようにすることが可能である。これは、特に、患者が麻酔状態から意識のある状態となりうることを麻酔医に警告するのに有利である。
本発明では、患者から得られたEEG信号の複雑さの定量化が、患者の催眠レベルを決定し、次に、閉ループで患者への催眠薬の投与を制御するのに使用される。このアプローチは、脳のそれらのような、神経単位系は、種々の非線形な動作を示しそれにより非常にランダムなEEG信号の非線形力学に基づく測定値は、基礎をなす脳の活動の状態への直接的な洞察を可能とするという前提に基づいている。EEGバイオポテンシャル信号は、患者の頭部に付けられた電極から得られる。
complexity measures for physiological signal
analysis)”を参照しこれは、25Hzの遮断周波数へのエントロピー測定を記述し、そして、Bruhn J.他の麻酔、92(2000)、ページ715−726の”デスフルラン麻酔中の麻酔薬効果の脳波記録の測定値としての近似エントロピー(Approximate
Entropy as
an Electroencephalographic
Measure of
Anesthetic Drug Effect during Desflurane
Anesthesia)”は、0.5から32Hzの周波数範囲のエントロピー測定を記述する。また、J.Clin.Monitoring
and Comp.
Vol.16(2000)pg.16のViertio−Oja H他の、”EEG測定から麻酔の深さを決定する新しい方法(New method to
determine depth of anesthesia from
EEG measurement)”を参照し、それは、意識のある状態から意識のない状態への変化は、患者に独立のエントロピーのユニバーサルクリティカル値で発生することを報告している。また、ZhangXS他の、Med.Bio.Eng.Comput.1999,37:327−34も参照する。
J他の、麻酔学92(2000)715−26;麻酔学93(2000)981−5及び、Viertio−Oja
H他の、”EEG信号のエントロピーは、催眠の深さのロバストインデックスである。(Entropy of EEG
signal is
a robust
index for
depth of
hypnosis)”、麻酔学93(2000)A、pg.1369を参照する。これは、催眠のレベルを特徴化するために自然な且つ強い選択としてエントロピーの考慮を保証する。また、エントロピーは、麻酔の全てのレベルで麻酔の深さと相関するので、バイスペクトルインデックス(BIS)として種々のサブパラメータを結合する必要を避ける。第2に、意識のある状態から意識のない状態への変化は、患者に独立なエントロピーのクリティカルレベルで発生することが見つかった。Viertio−Oja
H他のJ.Clin.Monitoring and Computing、Vol.16(2000)pg.16を参照する。第3に、そして、特定の実際の重要な、麻酔から意識のある状態への患者の回復は、クリティカルレベルへ向かったエントロピーの上昇によりしばしば予測されることが可能である。
M.Pincus,Igor M.Gladstone、及びRichard A.Ehrenkranzの、”医療データ分析のための規則正しさの統計(A
regularity statistic for medical data
analysis)”、J.Clin.Monitoring7(1991)、pgs.335−345を参照する。近似エントロピーについてのプログラムは、Bruhn他の麻酔学の論文で述べられている。スペクトルエントロピーと近似エントロピー技術は、EEG信号の複雑さを分析するのに使用されることが分かった。
Lemlel及びJacob Zivの”有限シーケンスの複雑さに関して(On
the complexity
of finite
sequence)”、IEEEトランザクション、IT−22(1976)ページ75−81を参照する。
H.他のJClinical Monitaring and Computing(J医療モニタリング及び計算)、Vol.16(2000)、pg.16を参照する。
Claims (10)
- 患者へ催眠薬を投与する装置であって、
(a)患者についての望ましい催眠レベルに対応する基準信号を入力する手段と、
(b)患者へ催眠薬を投与する麻酔薬送出しユニットと、
(c)患者からEEG信号データを得るセンサと、
(d)EGG信号データの複雑さから患者に存在する催眠レベルを決定し且つ同様なものに対応する信号を供給するために、EEG信号データの複雑さの少なくとも1つの測定値を得るために前記センサに接続された手段と、
(e)前記基準信号を入力する手段及び前記センサに接続された手段に接続された入力と、前記麻酔薬送出しユニットに接続された出力とを有する比較器を有する制御ユニットであって、前記比較器は、患者内に存在する催眠レベルに対応する信号と、前記基準信号とを比較し且つ、比較に従って、麻酔薬送出しユニットと、催眠薬の投与とを制御する出力信号を供給する制御ユニットと、
(f)前記麻酔薬送出しユニットの制御において使用するための、患者内の薬理学的効果と、患者への薬物の投与との間の伝達関数を確立する、前記制御ユニット内の手段と、
(g)前記伝達関数を確立する手段によって前記麻酔薬送出しユニットの動作の制御において使用するための薬物動態学モデル手段及び薬力学モデル手段であって、前記催眠薬と患者との間の相互作用を表すアルゴリズムを有する薬物動態学モデル手段及び薬力学モデル手段と
を有する装置。 - 構成要素(d)は、患者内に存在する催眠レベルを決定するために、EEG信号データのエントロピー、好ましくはスペクトルエントロピー又は近似のエントロピーを測定する手段として更に定義される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 構成要素(d)は、患者内に存在する催眠レベルを決定するために、Lempel−Ziv複雑さ測定値を使用し及び/又はフラクタルスペクトル分析を実行する手段として更に定義される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 構成要素(c)は、患者の筋肉の活動からの結果のEMG信号を得るセンサとして更に定義され、構成要素(d)は、EMG信号からのEMG活動の測定値、好ましくは周波数領域パワースペクトルを得て且つ、患者の催眠レベルに対応する信号を供給するために、同じものをEEG信号の複雑さから得られる測定値と共に使用すると更に定義される、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 構成要素(c)は患者の筋肉活動からの結果のEMG信号を得るセンサとして更に定義され、構成要素(d)は、患者の催眠レベルを決定するために、EEG信号の複雑さの得られた測定値と共に使用するための、EEG信号とEMG信号を統合する周波数スペクトルをわたりEEG信号データの複雑さを得る手段として更に定義される、請求項4に記載の装置。
- 患者に対する望ましい心臓血管の特徴に対応する信号を供給する手段;患者から心臓血管の信号データを得る手段と;患者の心臓血管の信号データを望ましい心臓血管の特徴信号と比較する手段と;心臓血管の特徴信号と心臓血管の信号データの比較に従って麻酔薬送出しユニットと催眠薬の投与を制御する手段とを更に有する、請求項1乃至5の何れか一項に記載の装置。
- 患者の呼吸ガス内の揮発性催眠薬の量を測定し且つ麻酔薬送出しユニットを制御するのに使用するために、前記制御ユニットに接続され、及び/又は前記手段は伝達関数を確立するのに使用するために前記伝達関数手段に接続された手段を更に有する、請求項1乃至6の何れか一項に記載の装置。
- 患者から心臓血管のデータを得る手段を更に有し、前記手段は伝達関数を確立するのに使用するために前記伝達関数手段へ接続されている、請求項1乃至7の何れか一項に記載の装置。
- 患者への催眠薬の投与を制御するのに使用するために、患者、催眠薬、医療手順、患者の前の麻酔状態及び内科医の1つ又はそれ以上に関連する情報を提供し及び/又は記憶する手段を更に有する、請求項1乃至8の何れか一項に記載の装置。
- 麻酔の時間の経過につれて情報を発生し、患者への催眠薬の投与を制御するのに発生された情報を使用する手段を有する、請求項1乃至9の何れか一項に記載の装置。
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2001
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2002
- 2002-05-13 EP EP02727903A patent/EP1389953A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-05-13 WO PCT/IB2002/001675 patent/WO2002094099A1/en active Application Filing
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US20020173729A1 (en) | 2002-11-21 |
WO2002094099A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
EP1389953A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
USRE41291E1 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
US6631291B2 (en) | 2003-10-07 |
JP2004527328A (ja) | 2004-09-09 |
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