JP4307688B2 - Tunnel machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator for excavating and propelling underground, and more particularly to a tunnel excavator for performing curved construction in a boulder layer or a rock layer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A shield machine as a tunnel machine is propelled while excavating a natural ground by rotating a cutter head rotatably attached to the foremost end thereof. In a shield machine that excavates hard soil such as boulders and bedrock layers, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), the cutter head 1 rolls while pressing against the face and excavates natural ground. It has a disc cutter 3 and a scraper cutter 2 that scrapes off excavation caused by the disc cutter 3. At the time of excavation, the cutter head 1 rotates to excavate boulders and rocks with the disc cutter 3, and the excavation shear is taken into the slit hole 4 with the scraper cutter 2.
In the front side view of the shield machine shown in FIG. 7B, the outer envelope of the disk cutter 3 when the cutter head 1 rotates is indicated by a two-dot chain line. Hereinafter, the outer diameter of the envelope is referred to as a straight excavation outer diameter Dd. Usually, the disc cutter 3 is mounted so as to protrude outward from the scraper cutter 2. Most of the ground shear excavated by the disk cutter 3 is taken into the shield machine from the slit hole 4 shown in FIG. A gap between the envelope of the cutter 3 and the circumferential surface of the cutter head 1 is left between the skin plate 8 behind and the ground. The skin plate 8 is a member constituting the outer shell of the front barrel 5 to which the cutter head 1 is attached.
[0003]
At the time of curve construction, as shown in FIG. 8 (a), the front barrel 5 of the shield machine moves with the sliding portion 7 being slid and bent with respect to the rear barrel 6, and the shield machine is moved. The inside of the turn and the outside of the turn draw a locus indicated by the inner curve Pi and the outer curve Po. That is, a space surrounded by the inner curve Pi and the outer curve Po indicates a minimum space necessary for the shield machine to move. In order to secure a space for the shield machine to pass at the time of curve construction, it is necessary to excavate the vicinity of the cutter head 1 (indicated by the hatched portion) of the inner curve Pi in advance. FIG. 8B shows details of the shaded area. The minimum necessary for excavating a large distance between the intersection point Q of the extension line R extending radially outward from the outer diameter Dd and the inner curve Pi and the shield outer diameter Ds that is the outer diameter of the front barrel 5 The amount of extra digging is δ.
When the shield machine reaches the curve section from the straight section, the positions of the disc cutter 3 and the scraper cutter 2 mounted on the cutter head 1 are shifted to increase the outer diameter of the excavation and the scraping outer diameter. Is under construction.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, since the outer diameter of the excavation is larger than the outer diameter of the shield, excavation scraping that is not scraped into the slit hole 4 by the scraper cutter 2 (so-called spilling and dropping) occurs. The spillage will infiltrate and accumulate in the gap between the skin plate 8 and the ground, and this will increase the frictional resistance, thereby increasing the necessary propulsive force. Even the situation will be triggered.
In recent years, the demand for steep curve construction has increased even in difficult ground such as boulders and bedrock layers. However, it is necessary to increase the amount of digging δ as the curve becomes sharper, and the amount of digging increases as the amount of digging δ increases. The risk of failure to propel will increase.
[0005]
In order to solve the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel excavator that can suppress the occurrence of spillage as much as possible and can reduce the risk of impossibility of propulsion due to the restraint of the aircraft as much as possible.
[0006]
[Means, actions and effects for solving the problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a first invention provides a tunneling machine for rotating a cutter head having a slit hole for taking in a shear, and digging out a scoring plate protruding outward from the outer diameter of the cutter head. The rear end portion is detachably provided.
[0007]
According to the first invention, the scoring plate is detachably provided at the rear end portion of the slit hole so as to protrude radially outward from the inside of the slit hole. Since the outer end portion of the scribing plate is provided outside the outer diameter of the outer peripheral plate behind the cutter head and inside the outer diameter of the disc cutter, it is possible to efficiently take in the shear. As a result, since the amount of shear accumulated between the tunnel excavator and the natural ground is small, it is possible to prevent the inability to excavate due to a large frictional resistance between the tunnel excavator and the natural ground.
[0008]
The second aspect of the invention is based on the first aspect of the invention, in which a guide plate is attached between slit holes adjacent on the circumference of the cutter head.
[0009]
According to the second invention, the guide plate is attached between the adjacent slit holes on the circumference of the cutter head. Thereby, since the shear which tries to flow out behind the excavator is blocked in the vicinity of the slit hole and taken into the slit hole, the amount of shear accumulated between the tunnel excavator and the ground is small. And the inability to dig due to a large frictional resistance between the tunnel machine and the ground can be prevented.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, when the component shown in subsequent figures is the same as the component demonstrated in FIG. 7 , 8, it attaches | subjects and demonstrates with the same code | symbol.
[0015]
The configuration of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The present embodiment is an invention in which the leftover of the surplus at the time of curve construction is blocked by the front surface of the cutter head 1 so as not to flow backward. FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B are a front view and a side view of the cutter head 1 of this embodiment. The configuration of this embodiment includes a plurality of scoring plates 25 and a plurality of guide plates 26 that block backward movement of the shear.
The scribing plate 25 protrudes radially outward from the rear end of the slit hole 4 provided in the cutter head 1 with the axis of the cutter head 1 as the center, and is attached substantially radially. Further, the guide plate 26 is attached between the slit holes 4 adjacent on the circumference of the cutter head 1.
As shown in FIG. 1B, the scoring plate 25 is attached to the bottom plate 27 of the base to which the cutter head 1 is attached with bolts or the like, and the guide plate 26 constitutes a rear portion of the cutter head 1. The outer peripheral plate 28 is fixed. Note that the base on which the cutter head 1 is attached is rotatably supported by the front barrel 5.
As shown in FIG. 2 in the Z view of FIG. 1A, the scoring plate 25 is attached to the rear end portion of the slit hole 4, and the guide plate 26 is provided on the outer peripheral plate 28 with a guide angle of, for example, 150 degrees. It is attached with θ.
[0016]
Next, referring to FIG. 3, the setting positions of the outer end portions of the scoring plate 25 and the guide plate 26 will be described in relation to the allowance. Here, the allowance represents the distance from the outer surface of the skin plate 8 of the front barrel 5 to the outer diameter of the envelopes of the scraper cutter 2 and the disc cutter 3. The allowance S1 and the allowance S2 are the allowances of the scraper cutter 2 and the disc cutter 3 at the time of straight construction. Normally, the allowance S2 is set to be larger by a predetermined value Δ2 than S1. The outer diameter of the envelope of the disc cutter 1 when corresponding to the allowance S2 is the excavation outer diameter Dd when traveling straight. The allowance S3 and the allowance S4 are the allowances for the scraper cutter 2 and the disc cutter 3 at the time of curve construction. The allowance S3 is set larger than the surplus amount δ by a predetermined value Δ3, and the allowance S4 is set larger than the allowance S3 by a predetermined value Δ4. That is, at the time of curve construction, excavation is performed by (Δ3 + Δ4) more than the surplus amount δ.
The guide plate 26 is attached to the outer peripheral plate 28 so that the outer end portion thereof matches the allowance S1. At the time of curve construction, the scraper cutter 2 is mounted on the cutter head 1 in accordance with the output allowance S3 and the disk cutter 3 is adjusted on the output allowance S4, and the scoring plate 25 is positioned on the bottom plate 27 with its outer end position aligned with the output allowance S3. Attach with bolts.
[0017]
The operation and effect of the present embodiment having the above configuration will be described.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the positional relationship among the envelope of the disc cutter 3, the scoring plate 25, the guide plate 26, and the inner turning path Pi during curve construction. The shearing excavated by the disk cutter 3 is dammed to the rearward flow by a plurality of scoring plates 25 that rotate together with the disk cutter 3 immediately after that. The distance between the outer end portion of the disc cutter 3 and the outer end portion of the scribing plate 25 is set to a predetermined value Δ4, for example, 10 mm, and the gap for flowing backward is small. For this reason, most of the shear is taken into the slit hole 4 of the cutter head 1 while accumulating at the front portion of the scoring plate 25. Further, the shear that tends to flow backward from the vicinity of the root of the scoring plate 25 is also guided and taken toward the slit hole 4 by the guide angle θ shown in FIG. 2 of the guide plate 26.
[0018]
At the time of straight construction, as shown in FIG. 5, the envelope of the disk cutter 3 and the scraper cutter 2 are returned to the allowance S2 and the allowance S1, and the scoring plate 25 is removed from the bottom plate 27. The guide plate 26 remains fixed to the outer peripheral plate 28, and the guide plate 26 acts to take in the shear even during the straight line construction. That is, the margin S1 of the outer end portion of the guide plate 26 is only a predetermined value Δ2, for example, 10 mm smaller than the margin S2 of the outer end portion of the envelope of the disc cutter 3 at the time of straight construction. Most of the excavated shear is dammed backward by the guide plate 26 and taken into the slit hole 4.
As a result, regardless of whether the construction is curved or straight, the amount of leftovers is reduced, so that no shear is deposited between the shield machine and the ground, and the shield machine is advanced by being restrained within the ground. Inability can be prevented.
[0019]
In the present embodiment, the scoring plate 25 is attached to the outer peripheral plate 28 with a bolt or the like at the time of curve construction. However, the scoring plate 25 is projected outward in the radial direction by a predetermined amount by a hydraulic actuator or the like. Also good. Further, the scribing plate 25 may be automatically projected near the inner curve Pi and automatically stored near the outer curve Po.
Further, the shape of the scoring plate 25 shown in FIG. 1 of the present embodiment is a flat plate type shown in FIG. 6A, but a wedge shape and an L shape shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C. The scooping performance may be further improved by using the mold scribing plate 25. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6 (d), a cemented carbide plate 25 in which a cemented carbide chip is embedded in the tip portion and excavates a boulder or a rock may be used.
[0026]
As described above, the present invention is an invention of a device that improves the efficiency of shearing into a slit hole and reduces the amount of shear penetration into the tunnel tunneling machine. That is, at the time of curve construction, the scoring plate is provided at the rearmost part of the slit hole so as to protrude outside the outer diameter of the outer peripheral plate, thereby reducing the remaining of the slip and preventing the backward entry. Further, the guide plate is attached so as to pass between the slit holes, and the shear in the vicinity of the slit holes is taken into the slit holes. As a result, since the amount of shear accumulated between the tunnel excavator and the ground is small, it is possible to prevent the inability to dig due to a large frictional resistance between the tunnel excavator and the natural ground.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention .
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the configuration of the present embodiment as viewed from above.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the allowance of a disc cutter, a scraper cutter, a scoring plate, and a guide plate in the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of shear loading at the time of curve construction.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of shear loading during straight line construction.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the shape of a scoring plate.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a cutter head of a shield machine.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the amount of surplus at the time of curve construction of the shield machine.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cutter head, 2 ... Scraper cutter, 3 ... Disc cutter, 4 ... Slit hole, 5 ... Front drum, 6 ... Rear drum, 7 ... Sliding part, 8 ... Skin plate, 25 ... Scratch plate, 26 ... Guide plate , 27 ... bottom plate, 28 ... outer peripheral plate, Dd ... outer diameter when excavated, Pi ... inner curve, Po ... outer curve, Ds ... outer diameter of shield, δ ... amount of extra moat.

Claims (2)

In a tunneling machine that rotates and digs a cutter head having a slit hole that takes in shear,
A tunnel excavator characterized in that a scoring plate protruding outward from the outer diameter of the cutter head is detachably provided at the rear end of the slit hole. In the tunnel machine according to claim 1,
A tunnel excavator characterized in that a guide plate is attached between slit holes adjacent on the circumference of the cutter head.

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