JP5410205B2 - Shield machine and excavation method of the shield machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a shield machine provided with a cutting device for cutting an obstacle such as a drain material existing in a natural ground, and a method for digging the shield machine.

  As one of the ground improvement methods, a method of draining groundwater by inserting drain material into the ground is used. When excavating the inside of a natural ground improved by such a construction method with a shield machine, it is necessary to cut the drain material that is exposed to the face and obstructs the excavation.

  As a method for cutting the drain material, for example, in Patent Document 1, a disk-like shape is provided in the vicinity of the outer peripheral side end and the center of the cutter head so as to protrude forward in the traveling direction from the front surface of the cutter head. It is disclosed that the drain material is cut prior to excavation of natural ground by the cutter head while the round blade cutter is rotated horizontally.

  Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a drain material blade provided in the vicinity of the outer peripheral end and center of the cutter head so as to protrude forward in the traveling direction from the front surface of the cutter head, and the drain material blade. In order to maintain maintenance, the shield machine is equipped with an exchange chamber that penetrates the partition wall and protrudes to the inside of the shield machine body. Cutting is disclosed.

JP-A-6-167192 JP 7-4180 A

  However, the shield machine described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the round blade cutter is thin and easily damaged.

  Further, in the shield machine described in Patent Document 2, since the rotation axis of the drain material blade is arranged so as to be orthogonal to the traveling direction of the shield machine, when the drain material is cut, it is perpendicular to the rotation axis. It is thought that there is a problem in durability because a reaction force acts on.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems as described above, and is capable of cutting an obstacle such as a drain material existing at a planned excavation site, and includes a shield having a cutting device excellent in durability. It aims at providing the excavation method using a machine and its shield machine.

The present invention is a shield machine capable of excavating while excavating the inside of a natural ground where an obstacle exists with a cutter head,
Wherein the obstacle cutting apparatus having a rotary body cutting tip is mounted for cutting is in said cutter head, so that the rotation shaft of the cutting device is substantially parallel to the traveling direction of the shield machine, the cutter It is provided only at the outer peripheral side end of the head, and the rotating body is installed so as to protrude forward in the advancing direction from the cutter head.

According to the present invention, since the cutting device is provided so as to protrude forward in the traveling direction from the cutter head, the ground around the obstacle is excavated by the cutter head after the obstacle is cut by the cutting device. be able to.
Moreover, since the said cutting device is provided only in the outer peripheral side edge part of the said cutter head, when a cutter head rotates, the upper end part and lower end part of the obstruction which exist in the excavation location by the said cutter head are each cut | disconnected. be able to. Therefore, at the time of excavation of the natural ground, it is possible to remove only the obstacles existing at the planned excavation site without drawing in the obstacles existing above and below the planned excavation site.

In addition, since the rotating shaft of the cutting device is provided so as to be substantially parallel to the traveling direction of the shield machine, the reaction force when cutting the obstacle acts in the axial direction of the rotating shaft and The force acting vertically is small. For this reason, durability improves compared with the case where it arrange | positions so that a force perpendicular | vertical with respect to a rotating shaft may act like the blade for drains described in patent document 2. FIG.
Moreover, since the rotating shaft has a large proof strength against the force acting in the axial direction, the rotating body can be pressed against the obstacle with a large force. Therefore, the obstacle can be cut efficiently.

  In the present invention, the rotating body may have a conical shape whose apex is directed forward in the traveling direction, and a plurality of the cutting tips may be attached to the conical surface. In this way, since the conical rotator has high rigidity, the obstacle can be efficiently cut with a larger force. In addition, the conical surface of the rotating body comes into surface contact with the obstacle, and the obstacle can be cut with a plurality of cutting tips attached to the conical surface, so that the obstacle can be effectively and in a short time. Can be cut off.

  Alternatively, in the present invention, the rotating body may have a disk shape, and a plurality of the cutting tips may be attached to the front surface thereof.

  In the present invention, the cutting device is configured to be able to protrude and retract with respect to the opening provided in the cutter head, and includes an opening and closing device that closes the opening when immersed in the cutter head. The maintenance can be performed efficiently and safely with the cutting device immersed in the shield machine body.

Further, according to the present invention, a cutting device having a rotating body to which a cutting tip for cutting an obstacle existing in a natural ground is attached is in the cutter head, and the rotation axis of the cutting device is substantially parallel to the traveling direction. As described above, in the excavation method for excavating natural ground using a shield machine that is provided only at the outer peripheral side end of the cutter head and the rotating body is installed so as to protrude forward in the advancing direction from the cutter head. ,
While the excavator is excavated by driving the cutter head, the obstacle is cut by driving the rotating body of the cutting device.

  According to the present invention, since the cutting device is driven ahead of the cutter head, the ground around the obstacle is excavated by the cutter head after the obstacle is cut by the cutting device. And when a cutter head rotates, the upper end part and lower end part of the obstruction which exist in the excavation planned location can each be cut | disconnected. Therefore, at the time of excavation of the natural ground, it is possible to remove only the obstacles existing at the planned excavation site without drawing in the obstacles existing above and below the planned excavation site.

  According to the present invention, the cutting device is less damaged and worn, and can be used for a long time.

It is a front view of the shield machine concerning a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a sectional side view of the shield machine concerning a first embodiment of the present invention. It is the figure which expanded the A section of FIG. It is BB sectional drawing of FIG. It is a figure which shows the storing method of a cutting device. It is a figure which shows the maintenance method of a cutting device. It is a sectional side view of the cutting device concerning a second embodiment of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, when excavating the ground with a shield machine, the case where the drain material for ground improvement that is exposed on the face and becomes an obstacle to excavation is cut is described, but the present invention is limited to this. Instead, it is also applicable to cutting obstacles such as timber, pine piles, steel pipe piles, cement piles, rocks, and rocks that exist in the ground.

FIG.1 and FIG.2 is the front view and side sectional drawing of the shield machine 1 which concern on 1st embodiment of this invention.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rectangular shield machine 1 is arranged in a predetermined combination vertically and horizontally in the outer shell 2, can be propelled independently, and can be independently driven. A plurality of rectangular main shields 3, shield jacks 5 for advancing and retracting the main shields 3, a cutter head 6 rotatably provided on the front side of each main shield 3, and excavating earth and sand And a conveyor 7.

  FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the shield machine 1 includes a cutting device 8 for cutting the drain material at the outer peripheral side end of the front surface of each cutter head 6. The cutting device 8 is provided in an opening 9 provided on the front surface of each cutter head 6, and each of them can be moved independently, and each can be driven independently. In the present embodiment, one cutting device 8 is installed in each cutter head 6. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of cutting devices 8 are installed according to the size of the excavation cross section of the tunnel to be constructed. May be.

4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. In addition, in drawing after FIG. 4, description of the cutter bit attached to the front surface of the cutter head 6 is abbreviate | omitted.
As shown in FIG. 4, the cutting device 8 is configured to rotate a plurality of cutting tips 12 for cutting the drain material, a conical rotator 13 to which these cutting tips 12 are attached, and the rotator 13. And a retractable jack 11 for allowing the motor 15 and the rotating body 13 to move forward and backward so as to be able to appear and retract from the main body of the cutter head 6. The rotating body 13 is arranged so that the apex of the conical shape faces the traveling direction.

  The cutting device 8 is installed so that the rotating shaft of the rotating body 13 is substantially parallel to the rotating shaft of the cutter head 6, that is, the traveling direction of the shield machine 1. The rotating body 13 is installed so as to protrude forward from the front surface of the cutter head 6 in the traveling direction.

  When excavating the natural ground where the drain material is present using the shield machine 1 provided with the cutting device 8, the rotating body 13 of the cutting device 8 protrudes forward in the traveling direction from the front surface of the cutter head 6. While rotating the cutter head 6, the rotating body 13 is also rotated to cut the drain material present at the planned excavation site with the cutting tip 12. In that case, since the cutting device 8 is provided at the outer peripheral side end of the cutter head 6 and a plurality of cutter heads 6 are provided on the front surface of the shield machine 1, the drain present at the planned excavation location The upper and lower ends of the material can be cut.

  Further, since the rotating body 13 is configured in a conical shape, it has higher rigidity and strength than the case where it is formed in a disk shape, and the rotating shaft faces the traveling direction, so that the reaction force when cutting is performed. Acts in the axial direction of the rotating shaft. For this reason, since the rotary body 13 can be pressed against the drain material with a large force, the drain material can be efficiently cut. Moreover, since the conical surface of the rotary body 13 is in surface contact with the drain material and the plurality of cutting tips 12 attached to the conical surface cut the drain material, the cutting efficiency is good. Therefore, the conical rotator 13 can be cut even if it is a drain material made of a hard material such as a steel pipe.

  When excavating a place where no drain material exists or when maintaining the cutting device 8, the cutting device 8 is stored in the cutter head 6.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a storage method of the cutting device 8. As shown in FIG. 5, when the motor 15 and the rotating body 13 are stored in the cutter head 6 main body, the gate 21 for preventing earth and sand from flowing into the cutter head 6 main body through the opening 9. And the opening / closing apparatus 10 comprised from the jack 22 for gates for moving this gate 21 is provided.

  For example, when the cutting device 8 is stored in the cutter head 6 in order to replace the cutting tip 12, first the retracting jack 11 is contracted so that the cutting device 8 is immersed in the cutter head 6, and then the gate. The opening jack 9 is closed by the gate 21 by extending the jack 22 for use. By closing the opening 9 with the gate 21, inflow of earth and sand from the natural ground into the main body of the cutter head 6 is prevented. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the rotary body 13 is removed from the motor 15, and the cutting tip 12 is replaced with a new one.

  After the replacement, when cutting the drain material again with the cutting device 8, first the gate jack 22 is contracted to open the opening 9, and then the retracting jack 11 is extended to advance the cutting device 8. Push forward in the direction. At this time, the cutting device 8 passes through the opening 9, and the retraction jack 11 is extended so that the rotating body 13 protrudes a predetermined length ahead of the cutter head 6 in the traveling direction.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following description, portions corresponding to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof is omitted, and differences are mainly described. In the second embodiment, a disk-shaped rotating body 23 is used instead of the conical rotating body 13 of the first embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a sectional side view of the cutting device 28 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 7, the cutting device 28 includes a plurality of cutting tips 12, a disk-like rotating body 23 to which these tips are attached, a motor 15, and a retracting jack 11.

  Since the rotating body 23 is configured in a disk shape, when cutting the drain material, the front surface of the rotating body 23 is in contact with the drain material, and a plurality of cutting tips 12 attached to the surface cut the drain material. Therefore, cutting efficiency is good.

  According to each embodiment mentioned above, since cutting device 8 and 28 is provided so that it may protrude ahead of the direction of movement rather than cutter head 6, after cutting drain material, excavating the natural ground around the drain material Can do. Moreover, since the cutting devices 8 and 28 are provided in the outer peripheral side edge part of each cutter head 6, it can cut | disconnect the upper end and lower end of the drain material which exist in an excavation plan location. Therefore, when excavating natural ground, the drain material existing above and below the planned excavation site is not drawn, and only the drain material existing at the planned excavation site can be removed.

  Moreover, according to each embodiment mentioned above, since the rotating shaft of the rotary bodies 13 and 23 is provided so that it may become substantially parallel to the advancing direction of the shield machine 1, the reaction force at the time of cutting a drain material is The force acting in the axial direction of the rotating shaft and acting perpendicular to the rotating shaft is small. For this reason, compared with the case where it arrange | positions so that the force perpendicular | vertical with respect to the rotating shaft of the conventional rotary body may act, durability of the cutting devices 8 and 28 improves.

  Moreover, since the rotating shafts of the rotary bodies 13 and 23 are provided so as to be substantially parallel to the traveling direction of the shield machine 1, the rotary bodies 13 and 23 are in surface contact with the drain material, Since the drain material can be cut by the plurality of cutting chips 12 attached, the drain material can be effectively cut in a short time.

  Further, according to each of the above-described embodiments, the cutting devices 8 and 28 are configured to be able to project and retract from the cutter head 6 main body, protrude forward in the advancing direction from the cutter head 6 when driven, and enter the cutter head 6 main body during maintenance. Since it is configured to be immersed, the cutting devices 8 and 28 can be efficiently and safely maintained in a state where they are immersed in the main bodies of the shield machines 1 and 31.

  Moreover, in each embodiment mentioned above, although the case where the cutting devices 8 and 28 were applied to the rectangular shield machine 1 was demonstrated, it is not limited to this shape, and also to shield machines 1 of circular, elliptical, etc. Cutting devices 8, 28 can be applied.

  Furthermore, in each embodiment mentioned above, although the case where the drain material which is easy to cut | disconnect was demonstrated, when cutting hard things, such as a steel pipe pile, a cement pile, a rock, and a rock mass, the cutting tip 12 is hard. Cutting is possible by exchanging it with an object or by increasing the rotational speed of the rotating bodies 13 and 23.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield machine 2 Outer shell 3 Main shield 5 Shield jack 6 Cutter head 7 Conveyor 8 Cutting device 9 Opening part 10 Opening and closing device 11 Pull-in jack 12 Cutting tip 13 Rotating body 15 Motor 21 Gate 22 Gate jack 23 Rotating body 28 Cutting device

Claims (5)

It is a shield machine that can dig while excavating the ground with obstacles with a cutter head,
Wherein the obstacle cutting apparatus having a rotary body cutting tip is mounted for cutting is in said cutter head, so that the rotation shaft of the cutting device is substantially parallel to the traveling direction of the shield machine, the cutter A shield machine provided only at an outer peripheral side end portion of the head , wherein the rotating body is installed so as to protrude forward in the advancing direction from the cutter head.   2. The shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body has a conical shape whose apex is directed forward in the traveling direction, and a plurality of the cutting tips are attached to the conical surface.   The shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body has a disk shape, and a plurality of the cutting tips are attached to a front surface thereof. The cutting device is configured to be able to protrude and retract with respect to an opening provided in the cutter head, and includes an opening and closing device that closes the opening when immersed in the cutter head. shield machine according to any one of 1-3. The cutting device in cutting head having a rotary body cutting tip is mounted for cutting obstacle present on the ground Yamauchi, as the rotation shaft of the cutting device is parallel traveling direction substantially, the cutter head In the excavation method for excavating natural ground using a shield machine that is provided only at the outer peripheral side end of the blade, and the rotating body is installed so as to protrude forward in the traveling direction from the cutter head,
A shield machine digging method characterized in that the obstacle is cut by driving the rotating body of the cutting device while excavating a natural ground by driving the cutter head.

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