JP4301767B2 - Method for forming hollow shaft pulley for belt type continuously variable transmission - Google Patents

Method for forming hollow shaft pulley for belt type continuously variable transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4301767B2
JP4301767B2 JP2002159587A JP2002159587A JP4301767B2 JP 4301767 B2 JP4301767 B2 JP 4301767B2 JP 2002159587 A JP2002159587 A JP 2002159587A JP 2002159587 A JP2002159587 A JP 2002159587A JP 4301767 B2 JP4301767 B2 JP 4301767B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
pulley
shaft
hollow shaft
hollow
continuously variable
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2002159587A
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JP2003343672A (en
Inventor
正 鈴木
祥一 小山
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Univance Corp
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Univance Corp
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ベルト式無段変速機用中空シャフトプーリーの成形方法に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の技術として特許第３２１１１５８号公報に記載されたものがあった。即ち、図１１に示すように、素材ファイバーフロー１ａが軸方向に延在する円柱状の素材１を形成し、次いで上記素材１をアプセット成形して図１２に示すように、軸部２ａの左端部に大径の膨出部２ｂを有する一次成形品２を成形する。次いで上記膨出部２ｂの外周部を軸方向に揺動鍛造してその素材ファイバーフロー１ａを渦巻き状に流動させながら大径に塑性変形させて図１３に示すように、軸部３ａの上端部にコーン状のプーリー部３ｃ及び該プーリー部３ｃの軸心部から上方に突出する上軸部３ｂを成形し、所定のシャフトプーリー３を得る。次いで機械加工により、上記軸部３ａの軸心部の孔あけ加工、該軸部３ａの外周加工等を行って所定の中空シャフトプーリーを得るようにしたものがあった。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記従来のものは、鍛造により軸部３ａの充実したシャフトプーリー３を成形し、該軸部３ａを機械切削により孔あけして中空軸にするようにしていたので、この孔あけに時間を要するとともに、切り屑が発生して材料の歩留りが低下するものであった。本発明は、軸部の孔あけに至るまで鍛造により形成することにより、上記不具合を解消した新規なベルト式無段変速機用中空シャフトプーリーの成形方法を得ることを目的とする。
【０００４】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記目的を達成するために以下の如く構成したものである。即ち、請求項１に記載の発明は、円柱状の素材をアプセット成形して軸部とその一端部で大径に膨出する膨出部とを有する一次成形品を成形し、前記膨出部の外周部を軸方向に揺動鍛造してその素材ファイバーフローを渦巻き状に流動させながら大径に塑性変形させて上下軸部間にコーン状のプーリー部を有する二次成形品を成形し、該二次成形品の外周を上下型により包囲して上下のパンチを前記上下軸部の軸心部に打ち込むとともに、該上下のパンチの打込み時の接近位置はプーリー部とし、 前記プーリー部の軸心部に肉部を有する中空軸部を成形するようにしたものである。
また、請求項２に記載の発明は、前記中空軸部の肉部を打ち抜いて中空部を軸方向に貫通させるようにしたものである。
【０００５】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明の実施例を図面に基いて説明する。図１〜図７は本発明の実施例によるシャフトプーリーの製造工程を示す。まず、図１に示すように、ＳＣｒ、ＳＣＭ等の強靱鋼により素材ファイバーフローが軸方向に延在する円柱状の素材５を形成する。次いで、上記素材５をアプセット成形し、図２に示すように、軸部６ａの上部に長さＬ１で、ボリューム量が図３の上軸部７ｂとプーリー部７ｃとを加えた量となる円柱状の膨出部６ｂを有する一次成形品６を成形する。このアプセット成形は、上記素材５の上端部を電気ダイアプセット装置の型に嵌合させ、該素材５の上端部を加熱しつつ軸方向に圧縮してこの部を型に沿う如く膨出させて上記軸部６ａ及び膨出部６ｂを得る。
【０００６】
次いで上記一次成形品６の膨出部６ｂを図１０に示す揺動鍛造機１５により温間又は冷間鍛造し、図３に示すように、上下軸部７ｂ，７ａ間にプーリー部７ｃを有する二次成形品７を成形する。即ち、図１０に示すように、軸心部に嵌合孔１６ａを有しかつ上面にコーン状の成形面１６ｂを有するダイス１６を機台の下部側に設け、該ダイス１６に前述した一次成形品６の軸部６ａを嵌合させ、軸心部に嵌合孔１７ａを有しかつ下面にコーン状の成形面１７ｂを有する揺動パンチ１７を上記ダイス１６と対面させて機台の上部側に設け、該揺動パンチ１７を上記ダイス１６の軸心線Ｌに対して所定角度αで揺動回転させ、この状態で上記ダイス１７を上方に移動させる。これにより、上記膨出部６ｂの外周部をその素材ファイバーフローを渦巻き状に流動させながら大径かつコーン型に塑性変形させてプーリー部７ｃを成形するとともに、その軸心部をプーリー部７ｃから上方に突出させて短尺な上軸部７ｂを成形する。
【０００７】
次いで、上記二次成形品７を焼鈍処理した後、該二次成形品７の上下軸部７ｂ，７ａを後方押出し成形し、図４に示すように、プーリー部８ｃの上下（両側）の軸が中空軸部８ｂ，８ａに、かつプーリー部８ｃの軸心部に肉部８ｄを有する一次中空シャフトプーリー８を成形する。上記後方押出し成形は、前述した二次成形品７の外周を後方押出し成形機（図示省略）の上下型により包囲し、上下のパンチを二次成形品７の上下軸部７ｂ，７ａの軸心部に打ち込み、該上下軸部７ｂ，７ａを所定長さの上下中空軸部８ｂ，８ａに成形する。この場合、上下のパンチの打込み時の接近位置はプーリー部８ｃとし、該パンチによって排除される肉がプーリー部８ｃにも及ぶようにして該プーリー部８ｃのベルト当接面（コーン面）側の軸心部の肉部８ｅの密度が高くなるようにする。
【０００８】
次いで、上記一次中空シャフトプーリー８の上下中空軸部８ｂ，８ａ間の肉部８ｄを打ち抜き成形し、図５に示すように、上下中空軸部９ｂ，９ａの中空部９ｄが軸方向に貫通した二次中空シャフトプーリー９を得る。９ｃはプーリー部である。次いで、上記二次中空シャフトプーリー９の上下中空軸部９ｂ，９ａの外周を多段軸絞り又はスピニング成形し、図６に示すように、製品に近い外形の上下中空軸部１０ｂ，１０ａ、及びプーリー部１０ｃを有する三次中空シャフトプーリー１０を得る。例として上記多段軸絞り成形は、二次中空シャフトプーリー９の上下中空軸部９ｂ，９ａの軸心部にマンドレルを嵌合させ、この状態で外周に段状及びコーン状の成形面を有する上下型により二次中空シャフトプーリー９を上下（軸）方向に圧縮成形し、これにより、外径部にターニング代及び硬化熱処理後の研削代として、例えば片肉０．３ｍｍ〜０．５ｍｍの余肉を有する三次中空シャフトプーリー１０を得るようにする。
【０００９】
上記三次中空シャフトプーリー１０は、後工程でその外周面及び両端部の内周面等を機械加工し、図７に示すように、中空軸部１１ａの中間部にプーリー部１１ｃを有し、かつベルトと接するプーリー部のコーン面１１ｄの素材ファイバーフローが渦巻き状となった完成品、即ち中空シャフトプーリー１１を得る。
【００１０】
図８、図９は他の実施例を示す。図８において、８−１は一次中空シャフトプーリーであり、上下中空軸部８ｂ，８ａ間に大径かつコーン状のプーリー部８ｃを有する。この一次中空シャフトプーリー８−１は、前述した二次成形品７の上下軸部７ｂ，７ａを前述と同様に後方押出し成形して上下中空軸部８ｂ，８ａを形成するとともに、プーリー部８ｃの軸心部に上下中空軸部８ｂ，８ａの中空部を遮断する圧肉の肉部８ｄ’を形成する。
【００１１】
次いで、上記一次中空シャフトプーリー８−１の上下中空軸部８ｂ，８ａの外周を多段軸絞り又はスピニング成形し、図９に示すように、製品に近い外形の上下中空軸部１０ｂ，１０ａ、及びプーリー部１０ｃを有する三次中空シャフトプーリー１０−１を得る。この場合、例として上記多段軸絞り成形は、一次中空シャフトプーリー８−１の上下中空軸部８ｂ，８ａ内にマンドレルを嵌合させず、外周に段状及びコーン状の成形面を有する上下型により一次中空シャフトプーリー８を上下（軸）方向に圧縮して前述と同様の余肉を有するように仕上げ成形する。該三次中空シャフトプーリー１０−１は、後工程で、前述と同様にその外周面及び両端部の内周面等を機械加工してプーリー部の軸心部に肉部を有する完成品、即ち中空シャフトプーリーを得る。
【００１２】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から明らかな如く、本願発明は、中空シャフトプーリーを専ら鍛造により成形するようにしたので、生産性が高くなるとともに材料の歩留りが良くなる。また、プーリー部のベルトと接するコーン面側の軸部に素材ファイバーフローの高密度域が生まれ、高強度となる。しかも、上記コーン面の素材ファイバーフローが渦巻き状となり、ベルトの当たりパターンと類似し、該コーン面の磨耗・損傷が低減することになる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】素材の側面図である。
【図２】素材の一端部を膨出部成形した一次成形品の側面図である。
【図３】膨出部を大径かつコーン状に塑性変形させた二次成形品の側面図である。
【図４】一次中空シャフトプーリーの側面断面図である。
【図５】二次中空シャフトプーリーの側面断面図である。
【図６】三次中空シャフトプーリーの側面断面図である。
【図７】機械加工して仕上げた中空シャフトプーリーの側面断面図である。
【図８】一次中空シャフトプーリーの他の例を示す側面断面図である。
【図９】三次中空シャフトプーリーの他の例を示す側面断面図である。
【図１０】揺動鍛造状態を示す要部断面図である。
【図１１】従来例による素材の側面図である。
【図１２】従来例による素材の一端部を膨出成形した状態の側面図である。
【図１３】従来例によるシャフトプーリーの側面図である。
【符号の説明】
５ 素材
６ 一次成形品
６ａ 軸部
６ｂ 膨出部
７ 二次成形品
７ａ 下軸部
７ｂ 上軸部
７ｃ プーリー部
８ 一次中空シャフトプーリー
８ａ 下軸部
８ｂ 上軸部
８ｃ プーリー部
８ｄ 肉部
９ 二次中空シャフトプーリー
９ａ 下軸部
９ｂ 上軸部
９ｃ プーリー部
９ｄ 中空部
１０ 三次中空シャフトプーリー
１０ａ 下軸部
１０ｂ 上軸部
１０ｃ プーリー部
１１ 中空シャフトプーリー
１１ａ 軸部
１１ｂ プーリー部
１１ｃ プーリー部
１１ｄ コーン面
１５ 揺動鍛造機
１６ ダイス
１６ａ 軸孔
１６ｂ 成形面
１７ 揺動パンチ
１７ａ 軸孔
１７ｂ 成形面[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for forming a hollow shaft pulley for a belt type continuously variable transmission.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There existed what was described in patent 3211158 as a prior art. That is, as shown in FIG. 11, the material fiber flow 1a is formed into a cylindrical material 1 extending in the axial direction, and then the material 1 is upset, and as shown in FIG. 12, the left end of the shaft portion 2a is formed. A primary molded product 2 having a large-diameter bulging portion 2b in the portion is molded. Next, the outer peripheral portion of the bulging portion 2b is rocked and forged in the axial direction, and the material fiber flow 1a is plastically deformed to a large diameter while flowing in a spiral shape, and as shown in FIG. 13, the upper end portion of the shaft portion 3a. Then, a cone-shaped pulley portion 3c and an upper shaft portion 3b protruding upward from the axial center portion of the pulley portion 3c are formed to obtain a predetermined shaft pulley 3. Next, there was a machined drilling of the shaft center portion of the shaft portion 3a, outer periphery processing of the shaft portion 3a, etc. to obtain a predetermined hollow shaft pulley.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-described conventional one, the shaft pulley 3 having a solid shaft portion 3a is formed by forging, and the shaft portion 3a is drilled by mechanical cutting to form a hollow shaft. At the same time, chips were generated and the yield of the material was reduced. An object of the present invention is to obtain a novel method for forming a hollow shaft pulley for a belt-type continuously variable transmission that eliminates the above-mentioned problems by forming by forging up to drilling of a shaft portion.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is configured as follows to achieve the above object. That is, the invention according to claim 1 up-forms a cylindrical material to form a primary molded product having a shaft portion and a bulging portion that bulges to a large diameter at one end thereof, and the bulging portion The outer peripheral part of the shaft is swing-forged in the axial direction, and the raw material fiber flow is plastically deformed to a large diameter while flowing in a spiral shape to form a secondary molded product having a cone-shaped pulley part between the upper and lower shaft parts , The outer periphery of the secondary molded product is surrounded by the upper and lower molds, and the upper and lower punches are driven into the shaft center portion of the upper and lower shaft portions, and the approach position when the upper and lower punches are driven is a pulley portion, and the shaft of the pulley portion A hollow shaft portion having a flesh portion at the center is formed.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the hollow portion is punched out to penetrate the hollow portion in the axial direction.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 7 show a manufacturing process of a shaft pulley according to an embodiment of the present invention. First, as shown in FIG. 1, a cylindrical material 5 in which a material fiber flow extends in the axial direction is formed from tough steel such as SCr or SCM. Next, the material 5 is upset, and as shown in FIG. 2, a circle having a length L1 on the upper portion of the shaft portion 6a and an amount obtained by adding the upper shaft portion 7b and the pulley portion 7c in FIG. A primary molded product 6 having a columnar bulging portion 6b is molded. In this upset molding, the upper end portion of the material 5 is fitted into a die of an electric diapset device, the upper end portion of the material 5 is heated and compressed in the axial direction, and this portion is swelled along the die. The shaft portion 6a and the bulging portion 6b are obtained.
[0006]
Next, the bulging portion 6b of the primary molded product 6 is warm or cold forged by the swing forging machine 15 shown in FIG. 10, and as shown in FIG. 3, a pulley portion 7c is provided between the upper and lower shaft portions 7b and 7a. The secondary molded product 7 is molded. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, a die 16 having a fitting hole 16a in the axial center and a cone-shaped molding surface 16b on the upper surface is provided on the lower side of the machine base, and the primary molding described above is provided on the die 16. The shaft portion 6a of the product 6 is fitted, the swing punch 17 having the fitting hole 17a in the shaft center portion and the cone-shaped molding surface 17b on the lower surface is opposed to the die 16, and the upper side of the machine base The rocking punch 17 is rocked and rotated at a predetermined angle α with respect to the axis L of the die 16, and the die 17 is moved upward in this state. As a result, the outer peripheral portion of the bulging portion 6b is plastically deformed into a large-diameter and cone shape while flowing the material fiber flow in a spiral shape to form the pulley portion 7c, and the shaft center portion from the pulley portion 7c. A short upper shaft portion 7b is formed by projecting upward.
[0007]
Next, after the secondary molded product 7 is annealed, the upper and lower shaft portions 7b and 7a of the secondary molded product 7 are rearwardly extruded to form shafts on the upper and lower sides (both sides) of the pulley portion 8c as shown in FIG. The primary hollow shaft pulley 8 having the hollow portion 8b, 8a and the flesh portion 8d at the axial center of the pulley portion 8c is formed. In the rear extrusion molding, the outer periphery of the secondary molded product 7 described above is surrounded by the upper and lower molds of a rear extrusion molding machine (not shown), and the upper and lower punches are centered on the upper and lower shaft portions 7b and 7a of the secondary molded product 7. The upper and lower shaft portions 7b and 7a are formed into upper and lower hollow shaft portions 8b and 8a having a predetermined length. In this case, the approach position when the upper and lower punches are driven is the pulley portion 8c, and the meat removed by the punch extends to the pulley portion 8c so that the pulley abutment surface (cone surface) side of the pulley portion 8c is on the side. The density of the meat portion 8e at the axial center is increased.
[0008]
Next, the meat portion 8d between the upper and lower hollow shaft portions 8b and 8a of the primary hollow shaft pulley 8 is punched and formed, and the hollow portions 9d of the upper and lower hollow shaft portions 9b and 9a penetrate in the axial direction as shown in FIG. A secondary hollow shaft pulley 9 is obtained. 9c is a pulley part. Next, the outer circumferences of the upper and lower hollow shaft portions 9b and 9a of the secondary hollow shaft pulley 9 are subjected to multistage shaft drawing or spinning, and as shown in FIG. 6, the upper and lower hollow shaft portions 10b and 10a having an outer shape close to the product and the pulley A tertiary hollow shaft pulley 10 having a portion 10c is obtained. As an example, in the multi-stage shaft drawing, the upper and lower hollow shaft pulleys 9 have upper and lower hollow shaft portions 9b and 9a fitted with mandrels in the axial center, and in this state, the upper and lower portions have stepped and cone shaped molding surfaces on the outer periphery. The secondary hollow shaft pulley 9 is compression-molded in the vertical (axial) direction by the mold, and as a result, for example, a surplus of 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm on the outer diameter as a grinding allowance after turning and hardening heat treatment. A tertiary hollow shaft pulley 10 having the following is obtained.
[0009]
The tertiary hollow shaft pulley 10 has its outer peripheral surface and inner peripheral surfaces at both ends machined in a later step, and has a pulley portion 11c in the middle portion of the hollow shaft portion 11a as shown in FIG. A finished product, that is, a hollow shaft pulley 11 is obtained in which the material fiber flow of the cone surface 11d of the pulley portion in contact with the belt is spiral.
[0010]
8 and 9 show another embodiment. In FIG. 8, reference numeral 8-1 denotes a primary hollow shaft pulley having a large-diameter and cone-shaped pulley portion 8c between upper and lower hollow shaft portions 8b and 8a. This primary hollow shaft pulley 8-1 is formed by extruding the upper and lower shaft portions 7b and 7a of the secondary molded product 7 in the same manner as described above to form the upper and lower hollow shaft portions 8b and 8a, and the pulley portion 8c. A thick meat portion 8d ′ for blocking the hollow portions of the upper and lower hollow shaft portions 8b and 8a is formed in the shaft center portion.
[0011]
Next, the outer circumferences of the upper and lower hollow shaft portions 8b and 8a of the primary hollow shaft pulley 8-1 are subjected to multistage shaft drawing or spinning molding, and as shown in FIG. 9, the upper and lower hollow shaft portions 10b and 10a having an outer shape close to the product, A tertiary hollow shaft pulley 10-1 having a pulley portion 10c is obtained. In this case, as an example, the above-described multistage shaft drawing is an upper and lower mold that does not fit a mandrel in the upper and lower hollow shaft portions 8b and 8a of the primary hollow shaft pulley 8-1 and has stepped and cone shaped molding surfaces on the outer periphery. Thus, the primary hollow shaft pulley 8 is compressed in the vertical (axial) direction and finished to have the same surplus as described above. The tertiary hollow shaft pulley 10-1 is a finished product having a flesh portion at the axial center portion of the pulley portion by machining the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surfaces of both end portions in the subsequent step, that is, the hollow portion, as described above. Get the shaft pulley.
[0012]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, in the present invention, since the hollow shaft pulley is exclusively formed by forging, the productivity is increased and the yield of the material is improved. In addition, a high density region of the material fiber flow is created at the shaft portion on the cone surface side in contact with the belt of the pulley portion, and the strength becomes high. Moreover, the material fiber flow on the cone surface becomes spiral, which is similar to the belt contact pattern, and wear and damage of the cone surface are reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a material.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a primary molded product obtained by forming a bulge portion at one end of a material.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a secondary molded product in which a bulging portion is plastically deformed into a cone shape with a large diameter.
FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view of a primary hollow shaft pulley.
FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of a secondary hollow shaft pulley.
FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of a tertiary hollow shaft pulley.
FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view of a hollow shaft pulley machined and finished.
FIG. 8 is a side sectional view showing another example of a primary hollow shaft pulley.
FIG. 9 is a side sectional view showing another example of the tertiary hollow shaft pulley.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing a swing forging state.
FIG. 11 is a side view of a material according to a conventional example.
FIG. 12 is a side view showing a state in which one end portion of a material according to a conventional example is bulged.
FIG. 13 is a side view of a shaft pulley according to a conventional example.
[Explanation of symbols]
5 Material 6 Primary molded product 6a Shaft portion 6b Swelling portion 7 Secondary molded product 7a Lower shaft portion 7b Upper shaft portion 7c Pulley portion 8 Primary hollow shaft pulley 8a Lower shaft portion 8b Upper shaft portion 8c Pulley portion 8d Meat portion 9 2 Next hollow shaft pulley 9a Lower shaft portion 9b Upper shaft portion 9c Pulley portion 9d Hollow portion 10 Tertiary hollow shaft pulley 10a Lower shaft portion 10b Upper shaft portion 10c Pulley portion 11 Hollow shaft pulley 11a Shaft portion 11b Pulley portion 11c Pulley portion 11d Cone surface 15 Rocking Forging Machine 16 Die 16a Shaft Hole 16b Molding Surface 17 Swing Punch 17a Shaft Hole 17b Molding Surface

Claims (2)

円柱状の素材（５）をアプセット成形して軸部（６ａ）とその一端部で大径に膨出する膨出部（６ｂ）とを有する一次成形品（６）を成形し、前記膨出部（６ｂ）の外周部を軸方向に揺動鍛造してその素材ファイバーフローを渦巻き状に流動させながら大径に塑性変形させて上下軸部（７ｂ，７ａ）間にコーン状のプーリー部（７ｃ）を有する二次成形品（７）を成形し、該二次成形品（７）の外周を上下型により包囲して上下のパンチを前記上下軸部（７ｂ，７ａ）の軸心部に打ち込むとともに、該上下のパンチの打込み時の接近位置はプーリー部（７ｃ）とし、 前記プーリー部（７ｃ）の軸心部に肉部（８ｄ）を有する中空軸部（８ａ，８ｂ）を成形することを特徴とするベルト式無段変速機用中空シャフトプーリーの成形方法。Upsetting the columnar material (5) to form a primary molded product (6) having a shaft portion (6a) and a bulging portion (6b) that bulges to a large diameter at one end thereof. The outer peripheral part of the part (6b) is rocked and forged in the axial direction, and the material fiber flow is plastically deformed to a large diameter while flowing in a spiral shape, so that a cone-shaped pulley part between the upper and lower shaft parts (7b, 7a) ( 7c) is molded, and the outer periphery of the secondary molded product (7) is surrounded by the upper and lower molds so that the upper and lower punches are placed in the axial center portion of the upper and lower shaft portions (7b, 7a). At the time of driving, the approach position when the upper and lower punches are driven is the pulley portion (7c), and the hollow shaft portion (8a, 8b) having the flesh portion (8d) at the axial center portion of the pulley portion (7c) is formed. A method of forming a hollow shaft pulley for a belt type continuously variable transmission. 中空軸部（８ａ，８ｂ）の肉部（８ｄ）を打ち抜いて中空部を軸方向に貫通させることを特徴とする請求項１記載のベルト式無段変速機用中空シャフトプーリーの成形方法。 The method for forming a hollow shaft pulley for a belt type continuously variable transmission according to claim 1 , wherein the hollow portion (8a, 8b) is punched out to penetrate the hollow portion in the axial direction.
JP2002159587A 2002-05-31 2002-05-31 Method for forming hollow shaft pulley for belt type continuously variable transmission Expired - Fee Related JP4301767B2 (en)

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JP2006181577A (en) * 2004-12-24 2006-07-13 Denso Corp Method for producing piping parts for high pressure and piping parts for high pressure
EP1878517B1 (en) 2006-07-13 2008-11-26 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Forged piston, internal combustion engine, transportation apparatus and method of making the forged piston
JP2012143799A (en) * 2011-01-13 2012-08-02 Jatco Ltd Method of manufacturing shaft-like member
JP5713982B2 (en) * 2012-10-30 2015-05-07 ジヤトコ株式会社 Method for forming hollow portion in shaft portion
JP2018103867A (en) * 2016-12-27 2018-07-05 日本化薬株式会社 Gas generator, plug for gas generator and production method of same plug

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