JP4277465B2 - Application method - Google Patents

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JP4277465B2
JP4277465B2 JP2001190759A JP2001190759A JP4277465B2 JP 4277465 B2 JP4277465 B2 JP 4277465B2 JP 2001190759 A JP2001190759 A JP 2001190759A JP 2001190759 A JP2001190759 A JP 2001190759A JP 4277465 B2 JP4277465 B2 JP 4277465B2
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JP2002086050A (en
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美喜男 都丸
俊博 萬代
秀明 武隈
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Fujifilm Corp
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Fujifilm Corp
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、塗布方法に係り、特に可撓性支持体(以下「ウエブ」という)に、薄く均一な塗布層を多層に、且つ高速で塗布するための塗布方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、磁気記録媒体、写真感光材料、電子材料、塗布型電池、反射防止等の光学膜、研磨テ−プ、情報記録紙等の高機能化・高性能化に伴い、ウエブに薄く均一な塗布層を多層に、且つ高速で塗布する要求が高まっている。
【0003】
例えば、磁気記録媒体の製造においては媒体の高密度化に伴い、磁気記録層の薄層化や多層化が検討されている。特に、MRヘッドなど高感度の磁気ヘッドの普及により磁性記録層の薄層化への要求が急激に高まっており、乾膜状態で0.02〜0.2μm(湿潤状態で0.2〜2μm)と極めて薄い磁性記録層を形成できる塗布方法が要求されている。また、この磁性層の表面は、非常に高い平滑性が要求されることから、磁性記録層の下層(ウエブに接する層)として厚み0.2〜3μm程度の非磁性の塗布層を設けることでウエブの面の突起を平坦化し、これにより磁性記録層の性能向上を図っている。従って、磁気記録媒体の製造における生産性の観点から、薄く均一な磁性記録層・その他の層を、ウエブに如何に高速で多層塗布できるか否かが重要になっている。
【0004】
従来、乾膜状態で厚みが0.5μm以下の磁性記録層を塗布形成する方法としては、特許2581975号、特開平6−296917号等の塗布方法や装置が提案されている。この塗布方法や装置は、同時に2層の塗布層を塗布形成する方法で、非磁性の下層を適量塗布することでエアーの混入を防ぐことによって、上層の磁性記録層を湿潤状態でおよそ2μm程度まで薄く塗布することが可能である。
【0005】
また、特許2942938号等には、予め低粘度の下層用塗布液をウエブに塗布し、この下層用塗布液の一部を掻き落とすことによりエアーの混入を抑止しながら磁性記録層となる塗布液を塗布する方法も提案されている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記した従来の塗布方法や装置を使用しても、磁性記録層の厚みを0.2μm以下(湿潤状態で2μm以下)に塗布しようとすると、磁性記録層の表面に等ピッチのスジが発生するという欠点がある。このスジの発生が、製品としての磁気記録媒体の性能を落とす原因となっていた。
【0007】
このことは、何も磁性記録層の塗布に限ったことではなく、磁気記録媒体の製造以外の塗布においても、下層の塗布液が乾燥しないうちに上層を塗布する、いわゆるウェットオンウェットで2層以上の塗布層を多層塗布する場合、特に下層以外の層の湿潤状態での厚みを2μm以下にしようとする場合には、塗布層表面に等ピッチのスジが発生する。
【0008】
このような背景から、多層塗布された複数の層の湿潤状態での厚みを2μm以下に、好ましくは1μm以下にしても等ピッチのスジが発生しない塗布方法が要望されている。
【0009】
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたもので、多層塗布により薄い塗布層、特に湿潤状態で2μm以下、好ましくは1μm以下の塗布層を高速塗布で形成しても、塗布層の表面に等ピッチスジの発生を抑止することのできる塗布方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は前記目的を達成するために、連続走行する可撓性支持体と塗布ヘッドのエッジ面とを相対的に押しつけると共に、前記塗布ヘッド内に供給した複数の塗布液を、各スリットを介して前記エッジ面の前記可撓性支持体幅方向に形成された各スリット吐出口から吐出して前記可撓性支持体にウエットオンウエットで多層塗布する塗布方法において、前記可撓性支持体の30〜1500m/分の範囲内での走行速度をU[m/秒]、前記複数の塗布液の平均ハイシェア粘度をμ[Pa・秒]、前記多層塗布された層のうちの最上層塗布液の表面張力をσ[N/m]としたときに、次式、Ca=Uμ/σで計算されるキャピラリー数Caが0.1<Ca<4を満足するように前記走行速度、平均ハイシェア粘度、及び最上層塗布液の表面張力を調整して塗布することにより、前記多層塗布における前記可撓性支持体に接する下層を除く他の層の厚みを湿潤状態で2μm以下にすることを特徴とする。
【0011】
本発明によれば、複数のスリットを有する塗布ヘッドで可撓性支持体に多層塗布する場合、或いは可撓性支持体の塗布面に予め過剰の下層用塗布液を塗布して下層を形成しておき、該下層が湿潤状態にあるうちにその一部を、1つ以上のスリットを有する塗布ヘッドのエッジ面における上流側エッジ部で掻き落としながら多層塗布する場合において、可撓性支持体の走行速度をU[m/秒]、複数又は1つ以上の塗布液の平均ハイシェア粘度をμ[Pa・秒]、多層塗布層のうちの最上層塗布液の表面張力をσ[N/m]としたときに、次式、Ca=Uμ/σで計算されるキャピラリー数Caが0.1<Ca<4を満足するように前記走行速度、平均ハイシェア粘度、及び最上層塗布液の表面張力を調整して塗布するようにした。これにより、薄い塗布層、特に湿潤状態で2μm以下の塗布層を高速塗布で形成した場合でも塗布層表面に等ピッチスジの発生を抑止することができる。従って、上記塗布方法を用いて製造された塗布製品は、湿潤状態で2μm以下の薄く、且つ等ピッチスジのない塗布層を得ることができるので、塗布層が例えば磁性記録層の場合には、製品である磁性記録媒体の性能を顕著に向上させることができる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下添付図面に従って本発明に係る塗布方法の好ましい実施の形態について詳説する。
【0013】
図1は、本発明の塗布方法を適用するエクストルージョン型の塗布装置の一例を示す全体構成図であり、複数(図1では2個)スリットを有する1つの塗布ヘッドでウエブにチキソトロピー性を有する2種類の塗布液を多層塗布する例である。この場合、形成される塗布層が磁性記録層の場合、異なる2つの磁性塗布液でもよいが、下層(ウエブに接する層)となる下層用塗布液は非磁性な下塗り用或いは低粘度なプレコート用の塗布液でもよい。
【0014】
図1に示すように、塗布装置10は、主として、連続走行するウエブ12と、ウエブ12に塗布液を塗布する塗布ヘッド14と、塗布ヘッド14を挟んだウエブ走行方向の上流側と下流側にそれぞれ設けられ、連続走行するウエブを装架する一対のガイドローラ18、18とで構成される。そして、連続走行するウエブ12と塗布ヘッド14のエッジ面16とを相対的に押しつけた状態で、ウエブ12に塗布液が塗布される。
【0015】
塗布ヘッド14には、その内部にウエブ12の幅方向に平行な円筒状の2個のポケット部22、22が形成され、各ポケット部22と前記2種類の塗布液を貯留する各塗布液タンク24、24とが定量送液ポンプ26、26を介して配管28、28により接続される。これにより、各塗布液タンク24から塗布液がそれぞれのポケット部22に供給されて塗布幅に対応する幅に拡流される。各ポケット部22で拡流された2つの塗布液は、それぞれのスリット30、30を上昇して前記エッジ面16に形成されたそれぞれのスリット吐出口30A、30Aから吐出される。
【0016】
図2は、塗布ヘッド14の先端部の拡大図であり、塗布ヘッド14は2つのスリット30を挟んで3つのブロック32、34、36で構成され、エッジ面16は各ブロック32、34、36ごとにウエブ12の走行方向から順に、フロントエッジ面32A、下層用ドクターエッジ面34A、上層用ドクターエッジ面36Aで構成される。フロントエッジ面32Aは、長さ(ウエブ走行方向の長さ)が0.1〜30mmの範囲の寸法に形成され、面形状は平面状であっても或いはある曲率を有した円弧状に形成されてもよい。また、下層用及び上層用のドクターエッジ面34A、36Aは、長さ(ウエブ走行方向の長さ)が0.5〜20mmの範囲の寸法に形成され、面形状はある曲率を有した円弧状に形成されるか、若しくは円弧と平面との組み合わせた形状に形成される。また、スリット30は、通常、0.03〜2mm程度のスリット幅に形成される。尚、図2では、フロントエッジ面32Aを曲率R1mm、下層用と上層用のドクターエッジ面34A、36Aを曲率R2mmとし、スリット幅を0.2mmとして構成した一例である。
【0017】
そして、ウエブ走行方向の上流側のスリット30からは下層液(下層となる塗布液)が吐出され、下流側のスリット30からは上層液(上層となる塗布液)が吐出され、ウエブ12の面に上層と下層の2層から成る塗布層Aを形成する。この場合、ウエブ12と、塗布ヘッド14のウエブ走行方向における上流側のフロントエッジ面32Aとの間に隙間を形成し、該隙間に下層液を溢れ出させた状態で、上層液を塗布するとよい。このように、下層液を溢れ出させるメリットは、下層液を非常に薄く塗る場合に、ウエブ12に同伴されるエアーの混入を防止できることと、フロントエッジとウエブ12の接触によるウエブの削れが発生しないことである。
【0018】
また、図3は、1つの塗布ヘッド14に3つのスリットを有する場合の塗布ヘッド先端部の拡大図である。塗布ヘッド14は、3つのスリット30を挟んで4つのブロック32、34、35、36で構成され、エッジ面16は各ブロック32、34、35、36ごとにウエブ12の走行方向から順に、フロントエッジ面32A、下層用ドクターエッジ面34A、中層用ドクターエッジ面35A、上層用ドクターエッジ面36Aで構成される。各エッジ面32A、34A、35A、36Aの長さ、面形状、及びスリット幅の好ましい形態は図2の場合と同様である。尚、図3では、フロントエッジ面32Aを平面状とし、下層用ドクターエッジ面34Aを曲率R4mmとし、中層用と上層用ドクターエッジ面35A、36Aを曲率R6mmとし、スリット幅を0.2mmとして構成した一例である。
【0019】
本発明の塗布方法を適用する塗布装置としては、上記したように1つの塗布ヘッド14に形成された複数のスリット30から異なる塗布液を吐出して多層塗布する塗布装置10(特許2581975号、特公平6─49171号、特許2935148号参照)の他にも、図4に示すように、複数の塗布ヘッド14、14を用いてそれぞれのスリット30、30から塗布液を吐出し、塗布液が湿潤状態にあるうちに塗り重ねて多層塗布する塗布装置10(特許2646265号参照)を使用することができる。
【0020】
更には、図5に示したように、連続走行するウエブ12の上流側に位置する下層液用スリット30aから下層液を吐出して、予めウエブ12の塗布面に下層を形成しておき、下層が湿潤状態にあるうちにその一部を、下流側のフロントエッジ部32aで掻き落としながら、中層液用スリット30b、中層液用スリット30cから中層液と上層液を吐出して下層の上に塗り重ねる塗布装置10(特許2684486号、特許2601367号参照)を使用することができる。この場合、下層液の塗布ヘッドと、中層液及び上層液の塗布ヘッドとを別個に設けることも可能であるが、1つの塗布ヘッドとして一体構成すると、装置をコンパクト化することができると共に、予め形成した下層の下層塗布液が湿潤状態にあるうちに中層液と上層液を塗布するウェットオンウェット方式の塗布には好適である。
尚、図5では、下層液用スリット30aのスリット幅を0.3mmとし、下層液用スリット30aの上流側のエッジ面端部17のテーパ角度を20°にすると共に、中層液と上層液の塗布ヘッド14aのフロントエッジ面を曲率R3mm、中層用ドクターエッジ面を曲率R3mm、上層用ドクターエッジ面を曲率R2mmとし、スリット幅を0.1mmとして構成した一例である。
【0021】
しかし、上記した何れの塗布装置10の場合も、従来の塗布方法で塗布を行ったのでは、複層から成る塗布層Aのうち、下層を除く上層及び/又は中間層の厚みを0.2μm以下(湿潤状態で2μm以下)に塗布しようとすると、塗布層Aの表面に等ピッチのスジが発生するという欠点がある。
【0022】
本発明者は、この等ピッチのスジの発生要因を鋭意研究した結果、この等ピッチのスジが塗布ヘッド14のウエブ走行方向における下流側の自由表面で発生する不安定現象であることをつきとめると共に、この不安定現象は塗布液全体のキャピラリー数に大きく影響されるという知見を得た。
【0023】
本発明の塗布方法は、上記知見に基づいて成されたもので、複数のスリットを有する塗布ヘッドでウエブに多層塗布する場合、或いはウエブの塗布面には予め過剰の下層用塗布液を塗布して下層を形成しておき、その下層の塗布液が湿潤状態にあるうちにその一部を、1つ以上のスリットを有する塗布ヘッドのフロントエッジ面の上流側エッジ部で掻き落としながら1つ以上の塗布液を下層に塗り重ねる場合において、次式(1)、
【0024】
[数1] Ca=Uμ/σ…(1)で計算されるキャピラリー数Caが0.1<Ca
<4を満足するように調整して塗布することにより、前記多層塗布における前記可撓性支持体に接する下層を除く他の層の厚みを湿潤状態で2μm以下にするように構成したものである。
【0025】
ここで、U:ウエブの走行速度を[m/秒]
μ:複数又は1つ以上の塗布液の平均ハイシェア粘度[Pa・秒]
σ:多層塗布された層のうちの最上層塗布液の表面張力[N/m]
である。
【0026】
また、平均ハイシェア粘度とは、先ず、高せん断粘度計を用いて各層を形成する塗布液のせん断速度10000sec−1での粘度を測定し、次に各層の塗布しようとする厚みで重み付けをして平均の粘度を計算したものである。具体的には、例えば、ウェットオンウェットでA液をXμm、B液をXμm、C液をXcμmの厚みに同時に塗り重ねる多層塗布において、A液の粘度をμ、B液の粘度をμ、C液の粘度をμとした場合、平均ハイシェア粘度μAVEは、次式(2)、
【0027】
[数2]
μAVE =(Xμ+Xμ+Xcμ)/(X+X+Xc)…(2)
により定義されるものとする。
【0028】
また、最上層塗布液の表面張力σ[N/m]は、塗布液中に含まれる分子量が1000以下の高分子結合剤、溶剤、潤滑材、界面活性剤を混合した溶液の表面張力を測定して用いた。
【0029】
そして、上記の如く構成した塗布装置10に、本発明の塗布方法を適用することにより、下層を除く上層及び/又は中間層の厚みを湿潤状態で2μm以下の薄層になるように、且つ高速で塗布した場合でも塗布層Aの表面に等ピッチスジの発生を抑止することができる。これにより、塗布性能を向上させることができるので、製品品質を向上させることができるばかりでなく、生産性をアップさせることができる。
【0030】
また、本発明の塗布方法を用いてウェットオンウェット方式で製造された塗布製品であって、特に、多層塗布された層のうち、下層以外の少なくとも1つの層を湿潤状態の厚みを2μm以下に形成したものは、優れた性能を発揮することができる。例えば、磁性記録層の場合には、製品である磁性記録媒体の性能を顕著に向上させることができる
【0031】
また、本発明の塗布方法を用いていわゆるウェットオンウェット方式で製造された塗布製品であって、特に、多層塗布された層のうち、下層以外の少なくとも1つの層を湿潤状態の厚みを1μm以下に形成したものは、優れた性能を発揮することができる。例えば、磁性記録層の場合には、製品である磁性記録媒体の性能を顕著に向上させることができる。
【0032】
上記した本発明の塗布方法は、塗布速度が30〜1500m/minの広い範囲で使用されることが一般的であるがこれに限定されるものではない。ウエブ12は走行の安定性と塗布ヘッド14への押付けの均一化の観点から、ウエブlm幅当たり5〜50kgfの張力で走行させることが望ましく、塗布条件により適宜調整する必要がある。また、ガイドローラ18と塗布ヘッド14との距離は50〜300mm程度に設定するのが好ましい。ウエブ12の塗布ヘッド14への侵入角度や離れ角度を塗布条件により調整可能なように、ガイドローラ18及び/又は塗布ヘッド14を移動可能なように構成することが好ましい。また、剛性が低いウエブ12の場合には、ツレ皺を抑止するために、ガイドローラ18として、エキスパンダーロールやクラウンロール、コンケーブロール等を用いることも好ましい。
【0033】
尚、ウエブ12としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレン‐2,6‐ナフタレート、セルロースダイアセテート、セルローストリアセテート、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリカーボネート、ポリイミド、ポリアミド等のプラスティックフィルムあるいは紙、ラミネート紙、アルミニウム、銅等の金属箔 更にはガラスやセラミックス等があるがこれに限定するものではない。
【0034】
ウエブ12は、幅が0.1〜3m、長さが1000〜100000m、厚さが0.5〜100μmが一般的であるがこれに限るものではない。また、ウエブ12には、予め接着層等の下地層を設け、乾燥硬化させたもの、或いはその他の機能層が予め設けられたものを用いても良い。
【0035】
【実施例】
試験に供した塗布液の調製方法は次の通りである。
【0036】
実施例1、2では、表1に示す成分組成の塗布原液Aをニーダーで混合した後、サンドミルを用い分散し、得られた液をlμmの平均孔を有するフィルターを用いてろ過し、適量のメチルエチルケトン、トルエン、酢酸ブチル、ステアリン酸、ステアリン酸ブチルを加え、上層液A1〜A8を得た。各液のハイシェア粘度と表面張力を表2に示す。
【0037】
【表1】

Figure 0004277465
【0038】
【表2】
Figure 0004277465
【0039】
また、表3に示す成分組成の塗布原液Bをニーダーで混合した後、サンドミルを用い分散し、得られた液を1μmの平均孔を有するフィルターを用いてろ過し、適量のメチルエチルケトン、トルエン、酢酸ブチル、ステアリン酸、ステアリン酸ブチルを加え、下層液B1〜B5を得た。各液のハイシェア粘度を表4に示す。
【0040】
【表3】
Figure 0004277465
【0041】
【表4】
Figure 0004277465
【0042】
(実施例1)
表2の上層液と表4の下層液とを組合わせた2種類の塗布液を使用すると共に、2個のスリットを有する1つの塗布ヘッドを備えた図2の塗布装置を用いて、厚み6μmのポリエチレンテレフタレートのウエブに、塗布速度、塗布液の種類、塗布厚みの塗布条件を変えて多層塗布を行った。そして、このときの塗布層表面における等ピッチスジの発生の有無を評価した。
【0043】
塗布条件及び評価結果を図6に示す。図6の面性において、○は等ピッチスジの発生がなく良好、×は等ピッチスジの発生やムラがあり不良であることを意味する。
【0044】
図6から分かるように、キャピラリー数Caが0.1<Ca<4を満足する試験区である、条件1(Ca数=1.6)、条件2(Ca数=3.1)、条件7(Ca数=3.8)、条件8(Ca数=3.7)、条件9(Ca数=3.8)、条件11(Ca数=0.5)の塗布層の面性は、何れも等ピッチスジの発生がなく良好な結果となった。
【0045】
これに対し、キャピラリー数Caが下限値である0.1に満たない条件12(Ca数=0.1)、及びキャピラリー数Caが上限値である4を超えた条件3(Ca数=4.7)、条件4(Ca数=6.2)、条件5(Ca数=4.6)、条件6(Ca数=4.2)、条件10(Ca数=4.3)の塗布層の面性は、何れも等ピッチスジの発生やムラがあり、不良の結果となった。
(実施例2)
表2の上層液A5と表4の下層液B1の他に表2のA4を中層液とした3種類の塗布液を使用すると共に、予めウエブの塗布面に下層を塗布形成してから下層が湿潤状態にあるうちにその一部を掻き落としながら中層液、上層液を塗布する図5の塗布装置を用いて、厚み3.5μmのポリアミドのウエブに、塗布速度、塗布液の種類、塗布厚みの塗布条件を変えて多層塗布を行った。そして、このときの塗布層表面における等ピッチスジの発生の有無を評価した。
【0046】
塗布条件及び評価結果を図7に示す。図7の面性において、○は等ピッチスジの発生がなく良好、×は等ピッチスジの発生やムラがあり不良であることを意味する。
【0047】
図7から分かるように、キャピラリー数Caが0.1<Ca<4を満足する試験区である、条件13(Ca数=1.1)、条件14(Ca数=2.2)、条件15(Ca数=3.4)の塗布層の面性は、何れも等ピッチスジの発生がなく良好な結果となった。
【0048】
これに対し、キャピラリー数Caが下限値である0.1に満たない条件17(Ca数=0.09)、キャピラリー数Caが上限値である4を超えた条件16(Ca数=4.5)の塗布層の面性は、何れも等ピッチスジの発生やムラがあり、不良の結果となった
【0049】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の塗布方法によれば、多層塗布により薄い塗布層、特に湿潤状態で2μm以下、好ましくは1μm以下の塗布層を高速塗布で形成しても、塗布層の表面に等ピッチスジの発生を抑止することができる。これにより、塗布性能を向上させることができるので、製品品質を向上させることができるばかりでなく、生産性をアップさせることができる
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の塗布方法を適用する塗布装置の一例を示した全体構成図
【図2】2個のスリットを有する1つの塗布ヘッドでウエブに塗布する塗布装置を設営する説明図
【図3】3個のスリットを有する1つの塗布ヘッドでウエブに塗布する塗布装置を説明する説明図
【図4】複数の塗布ヘッドを用いて多層塗布する塗布装置を説明する説明図
【図5】予めウエブの塗布面に下層液を塗布してからその一部を掻き落としながら中層液、上層液を多層塗布する塗布装置を説明する説明図
【図6】実施例1の結果を説明する説明図
【図7】実施例2の結果を説明する説明
【符号の説明】
10…塗布装置、12…ウエブ、14…塗布ヘッド、16…エッジ面、18…ガイドローラ、22…ポケット部、24…塗布液タンク、26…定量送液ポンプ、30…スリット、A…塗布層[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a coating how, particularly in the flexible support (hereinafter referred to as "web"), a thin uniform coating layer on the multilayer, and relates to the application of how to be applied in high speed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, thin and uniform coating on webs with higher functionality and higher performance of magnetic recording media, photographic light-sensitive materials, electronic materials, coating-type batteries, optical films such as antireflection, polishing tapes, and information recording paper. There is an increasing demand for applying layers in multiple layers at high speed.
[0003]
For example, in the manufacture of a magnetic recording medium, the magnetic recording layer is being made thinner or multilayered as the density of the medium increases. In particular, with the widespread use of high-sensitivity magnetic heads such as MR heads, the demand for thin magnetic recording layers is rapidly increasing, and is 0.02 to 0.2 μm in a dry film state (0.2 to 2 μm in a wet state). And a coating method capable of forming a very thin magnetic recording layer. Further, since the surface of this magnetic layer is required to have very high smoothness, a nonmagnetic coating layer having a thickness of about 0.2 to 3 μm is provided as a lower layer (a layer in contact with the web) of the magnetic recording layer. The protrusions on the web surface are flattened to improve the performance of the magnetic recording layer. Therefore, from the viewpoint of productivity in the production of magnetic recording media, it is important how thin and uniform magnetic recording layers and other layers can be applied to the web at a high speed.
[0004]
Conventionally, as a method for coating and forming a magnetic recording layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm or less in a dry film state, coating methods and apparatuses such as Japanese Patent No. 2581975 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-296917 have been proposed. This coating method and apparatus is a method of coating and forming two coating layers at the same time. By applying an appropriate amount of a non-magnetic lower layer to prevent air mixing, the upper magnetic recording layer is about 2 μm in a wet state. It is possible to apply thinly.
[0005]
Also, in Japanese Patent No. 2942938, etc., a low-viscosity lower layer coating solution is applied to a web in advance, and a part of this lower layer coating solution is scraped off, thereby preventing air from entering and applying as a magnetic recording layer. There has also been proposed a method of coating the film.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, even if the above-described conventional coating method and apparatus are used, if the thickness of the magnetic recording layer is applied to 0.2 μm or less (2 μm or less in a wet state), streaks of equal pitch are formed on the surface of the magnetic recording layer. There is a disadvantage that it occurs. The generation of the streaks has caused the performance of the magnetic recording medium as a product to deteriorate.
[0007]
This is not limited to the application of the magnetic recording layer. In the application other than the manufacture of the magnetic recording medium, the upper layer is applied before the lower layer coating solution is dried, so-called wet-on-wet two layers. When the above coating layers are applied in multiple layers, streaks of equal pitch are generated on the surface of the coating layer, particularly when the thickness of the layers other than the lower layer is to be 2 μm or less.
[0008]
From such a background, there is a demand for a coating method that does not generate uniform pitch streaks even when the thickness of a plurality of layers coated in multiple layers is 2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances. Even if a thin coating layer is formed by multilayer coating, particularly a coating layer of 2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less in a wet state, is formed by high-speed coating, the surface of the coating layer and to provide a coating how that can suppress the occurrence of equal Pitchisuji to.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention relatively presses the continuously running flexible support and the edge surface of the coating head, and allows a plurality of coating liquids supplied into the coating head to pass through each slit. In the coating method, the multi-layer coating is applied to the flexible support by wet-on-wet by discharging from each slit discharge port formed in the width direction of the flexible support on the edge surface. The running speed in the range of 30 to 1500 m / min is U [m / sec], the average high shear viscosity of the plurality of coating liquids is μ [Pa · sec], and the uppermost layer coating liquid among the multilayer coated layers When the surface tension of [sigma] is [sigma] [N / m], the running speed and average high shear viscosity so that the capillary number Ca calculated by the following formula, Ca = U [mu] / [sigma] satisfies 0.1 <Ca <4. , And the surface tension of the top layer coating solution By applying to integer, characterized by the following the 2μm in other thick wet state of layers except a lower layer in contact with the flexible support in a multi-layer coating.
[0011]
According to the present invention, when a multilayer coating is applied to a flexible support with a coating head having a plurality of slits, or an excessive lower layer coating solution is applied in advance to the coating surface of the flexible support to form a lower layer. In the case where a multilayer coating is applied while scraping off a part of the lower layer while the lower layer is in a wet state at the upstream edge portion of the edge surface of the coating head having one or more slits, The running speed is U [m / sec], the average high shear viscosity of plural or one or more coating liquids is μ [Pa · sec], and the surface tension of the uppermost coating liquid in the multilayer coating layer is σ [N / m]. , The running speed, the average high shear viscosity, and the surface tension of the uppermost coating solution are set so that the capillary number Ca calculated by the following equation, Ca = Uμ / σ, satisfies 0.1 <Ca <4. It was adjusted and applied. Thereby, even when a thin coating layer, particularly a coating layer of 2 μm or less in a wet state, is formed by high-speed coating, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of uniform pitch streaks on the surface of the coating layer. Accordingly, a coated product manufactured by using the above coating method can obtain a thin coated layer having a thickness of 2 μm or less and no uniform pitch streaks in a wet state. Therefore, when the coated layer is a magnetic recording layer, for example, The performance of the magnetic recording medium can be remarkably improved.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Will be described in detail preferred embodiments of the coating how according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0013]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an example of an extrusion-type coating apparatus to which the coating method of the present invention is applied, and the web has thixotropy with a single coating head having a plurality of (two in FIG. 1) slits. This is an example in which two types of coating solutions are applied in multiple layers. In this case, when the coating layer to be formed is a magnetic recording layer, two different magnetic coating solutions may be used, but the lower layer coating solution that is the lower layer (the layer in contact with the web) is used for nonmagnetic undercoating or for low-viscosity precoating. The coating liquid may be used.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, the coating apparatus 10 mainly includes a web 12 that runs continuously, a coating head 14 that applies a coating solution to the web 12, and an upstream side and a downstream side in the web running direction across the coating head 14. Each is provided with a pair of guide rollers 18 and 18 on which a continuously running web is mounted. Then, the coating liquid is applied to the web 12 in a state in which the continuously running web 12 and the edge surface 16 of the coating head 14 are relatively pressed.
[0015]
The coating head 14 is formed with two cylindrical pocket portions 22, 22 parallel to the width direction of the web 12. Each coating liquid tank stores the pocket portions 22 and the two types of coating liquids. 24 and 24 are connected to each other by pipes 28 and 28 via fixed liquid feeding pumps 26 and 26. As a result, the coating liquid is supplied from each coating liquid tank 24 to each pocket portion 22 and is spread to a width corresponding to the coating width. The two coating liquids spread in the pocket portions 22 are discharged from the slit discharge ports 30 </ b> A and 30 </ b> A formed in the edge surface 16 by raising the respective slits 30 and 30.
[0016]
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the tip portion of the coating head 14, and the coating head 14 is composed of three blocks 32, 34, and 36 with two slits 30 interposed therebetween, and the edge surface 16 is composed of the blocks 32, 34, and 36. Each is composed of a front edge surface 32A, a lower layer doctor edge surface 34A, and an upper layer doctor edge surface 36A in order from the running direction of the web 12. The front edge surface 32A is formed to have a length (length in the web running direction) in the range of 0.1 to 30 mm, and the surface shape may be a flat shape or an arc shape having a certain curvature. May be. The doctor edge surfaces 34A and 36A for the lower layer and the upper layer are formed in a dimension having a length (length in the web running direction) in the range of 0.5 to 20 mm, and the surface shape is an arc shape having a certain curvature. Or a combined shape of an arc and a plane. Moreover, the slit 30 is normally formed in the slit width of about 0.03-2 mm. FIG. 2 shows an example in which the front edge surface 32A has a curvature R1 mm, the lower and upper doctor edge surfaces 34A and 36A have a curvature R2 mm, and the slit width is 0.2 mm.
[0017]
Then, the lower layer liquid (the lower layer coating liquid) is discharged from the upstream slit 30 in the web traveling direction, and the upper layer liquid (the upper layer coating liquid) is discharged from the downstream slit 30, so that the surface of the web 12. A coating layer A composed of two layers, an upper layer and a lower layer, is formed. In this case, the upper layer liquid may be applied in a state where a gap is formed between the web 12 and the upstream front edge surface 32A in the web running direction of the coating head 14 and the lower layer liquid overflows into the gap. . In this way, the merit of overflowing the lower layer liquid is that, when the lower layer liquid is applied very thinly, it is possible to prevent air entrained by the web 12 and web scraping due to the contact between the front edge and the web 12 occurs. Is not to.
[0018]
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the tip of the coating head when one coating head 14 has three slits. The coating head 14 is composed of four blocks 32, 34, 35, and 36 with three slits 30 interposed therebetween, and the edge surface 16 is arranged in order from the running direction of the web 12 for each of the blocks 32, 34, 35, and 36. It comprises an edge surface 32A, a lower layer doctor edge surface 34A, an intermediate layer doctor edge surface 35A, and an upper layer doctor edge surface 36A. The preferred form of the length, surface shape, and slit width of each of the edge surfaces 32A, 34A, 35A, 36A is the same as in FIG. In FIG. 3, the front edge surface 32A is planar, the lower doctor edge surface 34A has a curvature R4 mm, the middle and upper doctor edge surfaces 35A and 36A have a curvature R6 mm, and the slit width is 0.2 mm. This is an example.
[0019]
As a coating apparatus to which the coating method of the present invention is applied, as described above, a coating apparatus 10 that applies different coating liquids from a plurality of slits 30 formed in one coating head 14 to perform multilayer coating (Japanese Patent No. As shown in FIG. 4, the coating liquid is discharged from the slits 30 and 30 using a plurality of coating heads 14 and 14 to wet the coating liquid. It is possible to use the coating apparatus 10 (see Japanese Patent No. 2646265) that applies multiple layers while being in a state.
[0020]
Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the lower layer liquid is discharged from the lower layer liquid slit 30a located on the upstream side of the continuously running web 12, and the lower layer is formed in advance on the application surface of the web 12. While the liquid is in a wet state, the middle layer liquid and the upper layer liquid are discharged from the middle layer liquid slit 30b and the middle layer liquid slit 30c while being scraped off by the downstream front edge portion 32a, and applied onto the lower layer. A coating apparatus 10 (see Japanese Patent No. 2684486 and Japanese Patent No. 2601367) can be used. In this case, the lower-layer liquid coating head and the intermediate-layer liquid and upper-layer liquid coating heads can be provided separately. It is suitable for wet-on-wet coating in which the middle layer solution and the upper layer solution are coated while the lower layer lower layer coating solution is in a wet state.
In FIG. 5 , the slit width of the lower layer liquid slit 30a is set to 0.3 mm, the taper angle of the edge surface end portion 17 on the upstream side of the lower layer liquid slit 30a is set to 20 °, and the middle layer liquid and the upper layer liquid are separated. This is an example in which the front edge surface of the coating head 14a has a curvature R3 mm, the doctor edge surface for the middle layer has a curvature R3 mm, the doctor edge surface for the upper layer has a curvature R2 mm, and the slit width is 0.1 mm.
[0021]
However, in any of the above-described coating apparatuses 10, when the coating is performed by the conventional coating method, the thickness of the upper layer and / or the intermediate layer excluding the lower layer of the multilayer coating layer A is 0.2 μm. If it is applied below (2 μm or less in a wet state), there is a drawback that streaks of equal pitch are generated on the surface of the coating layer A.
[0022]
As a result of earnest study of the cause of the occurrence of this equal pitch streak, the present inventor has found that this equal pitch streak is an unstable phenomenon that occurs on the free surface on the downstream side in the web running direction of the coating head 14. It was found that this unstable phenomenon is greatly influenced by the number of capillaries in the entire coating solution.
[0023]
The coating method of the present invention is based on the above knowledge. When a multilayer coating is applied to a web with a coating head having a plurality of slits, or an excessive lower layer coating solution is applied in advance to the coated surface of the web. The lower layer is formed, and one or more of the lower layer coating liquid is scraped off at the upstream edge portion of the front edge surface of the coating head having one or more slits while the lower layer coating solution is in a wet state. In the case where the coating liquid is applied on the lower layer, the following formula (1),
[0024]
[Equation 1] Ca = Uμ / σ (1) The capillary number Ca calculated by (1) is 0.1 <Ca.
By adjusting and coating so as to satisfy <4, the thickness of the other layers excluding the lower layer in contact with the flexible support in the multilayer coating is configured to be 2 μm or less in a wet state. .
[0025]
Where U: web travel speed [m / sec]
μ: Average high shear viscosity [Pa · sec] of multiple or one or more coating solutions
σ: Surface tension [N / m] of the uppermost layer coating solution among the layers coated with multiple layers
It is.
[0026]
The average high shear viscosity is measured by first measuring the viscosity at a shear rate of 10000 sec −1 of the coating solution for forming each layer using a high shear viscometer, and then weighting with the thickness of each layer to be coated. The average viscosity is calculated. Specifically, for example, in a multi-layer coating in which wet-on-wet A liquid is X A μm, B liquid is X B μm, and C liquid is simultaneously coated to a thickness of Xc μm, the viscosity of A liquid is μ A , When the viscosity is μ B and the viscosity of the liquid C is μ C , the average high shear viscosity μ AVE is expressed by the following formula (2):
[0027]
[Equation 2]
μ AVE = (X A μ A + X B μ B + Xcμ C) / (X A + X B + Xc) ... (2)
Shall be defined by
[0028]
The surface tension σ [N / m] of the top layer coating solution is the surface tension of a solution containing a polymer binder, solvent, lubricant, and surfactant with a molecular weight of 1000 or less contained in the coating solution. Used.
[0029]
Then, by applying the coating method of the present invention to the coating apparatus 10 configured as described above, the thickness of the upper layer and / or the intermediate layer excluding the lower layer becomes a thin layer of 2 μm or less in a wet state and at high speed. Even when the coating is applied, the occurrence of equal pitch streaks on the surface of the coating layer A can be suppressed. Thereby, since application | coating performance can be improved, not only product quality can be improved, but productivity can also be improved.
[0030]
In addition, it is a coated product manufactured by a wet-on-wet method using the coating method of the present invention, and in particular, at least one layer other than the lower layer among the multilayer coated layers has a wet thickness of 2 μm or less. The formed one can exhibit excellent performance. For example, in the case of a magnetic recording layer, the performance of the product magnetic recording medium can be remarkably improved .
[0031]
Further, it is a coated product manufactured by a so-called wet-on-wet method using the coating method of the present invention, and in particular, at least one layer other than the lower layer among the multilayer coated layers has a wet thickness of 1 μm or less. What was formed in can perform the outstanding performance. For example, in the case of a magnetic recording layer, the performance of the product magnetic recording medium can be remarkably improved.
[0032]
The above-described coating method of the present invention is generally used in a wide range of coating speed of 30 to 1500 m / min, but is not limited thereto. The web 12 is preferably run at a tension of 5 to 50 kgf per lm width of the web 12 from the viewpoint of running stability and uniform pressing to the coating head 14, and it is necessary to adjust the web 12 appropriately according to the coating conditions. The distance between the guide roller 18 and the coating head 14 is preferably set to about 50 to 300 mm. It is preferable that the guide roller 18 and / or the coating head 14 be configured to be movable so that the angle of entry or separation of the web 12 from the coating head 14 can be adjusted according to the coating conditions. Further, in the case of the web 12 having low rigidity, it is also preferable to use an expander roll, a crown roll, a concave roll, or the like as the guide roller 18 in order to suppress creaking.
[0033]
As the web 12, plastic film or paper such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate propionate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyamide, etc. There are metal foils such as laminated paper, aluminum, and copper, but also glass and ceramics, but it is not limited thereto.
[0034]
The web 12 generally has a width of 0.1 to 3 m, a length of 1000 to 100000 m, and a thickness of 0.5 to 100 μm, but is not limited thereto. In addition, the web 12 may be provided with a base layer such as an adhesive layer in advance and dried and cured, or with another functional layer provided in advance.
[0035]
【Example】
The method for preparing the coating solution used for the test is as follows.
[0036]
In Examples 1 and 2, the coating stock solution A having the component composition shown in Table 1 was mixed with a kneader, and then dispersed using a sand mill, and the resulting solution was filtered using a filter having an average pore size of 1 μm to obtain an appropriate amount. Methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, butyl acetate, stearic acid, and butyl stearate were added to obtain upper layer liquids A1 to A8. Table 2 shows the high shear viscosity and surface tension of each solution.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004277465
[0038]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004277465
[0039]
In addition, after mixing the coating stock solution B having the component composition shown in Table 3 with a kneader, the mixture was dispersed using a sand mill, and the resulting solution was filtered using a filter having an average pore size of 1 μm to obtain appropriate amounts of methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, acetic acid. Butyl, stearic acid, and butyl stearate were added to obtain lower layer liquids B1 to B5. Table 4 shows the high shear viscosity of each solution.
[0040]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004277465
[0041]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004277465
[0042]
(Example 1)
Using the two types of coating liquids in which the upper layer liquid of Table 2 and the lower layer liquid of Table 4 are combined, and using the coating apparatus of FIG. 2 having one coating head having two slits, the thickness is 6 μm. The polyethylene terephthalate web was subjected to multi-layer coating by changing the coating speed, the type of coating liquid, and the coating thickness. And the presence or absence of generation | occurrence | production of the equal pitch streaks in the coating layer surface at this time was evaluated.
[0043]
Application conditions and evaluation results are shown in FIG. In the surface property of FIG. 6, “◯” indicates that there is no occurrence of equal pitch streaks, and “x” indicates that there are occurrences of equal pitch streaks, unevenness, and failure.
[0044]
As can be seen from FIG. 6, condition 1 (Ca number = 1.6), condition 2 (Ca number = 3.1), condition 7 are test sections where the capillary number Ca satisfies 0.1 <Ca <4. The surface properties of the coating layers of (Ca number = 3.8), Condition 8 (Ca number = 3.7), Condition 9 (Ca number = 3.8), and Condition 11 (Ca number = 0.5) There was no occurrence of equal pitch streaks, and the results were good.
[0045]
On the other hand, the condition 12 (Ca number = 0.1) where the capillary number Ca is less than the lower limit of 0.1 and the condition 3 (Ca number = 4. 7), condition 4 (Ca number = 6.2), condition 5 (Ca number = 4.6), condition 6 (Ca number = 4.2), condition 10 (Ca number = 4.3) As for the surface property, there were occurrences of uneven pitch streaks and unevenness, resulting in failure.
(Example 2)
In addition to the upper layer liquid A5 in Table 2 and the lower layer liquid B1 in Table 4, three types of coating liquids having A4 in Table 2 as the middle layer liquid are used, and the lower layer is formed after the lower layer is previously formed on the coated surface of the web. Applying the middle layer liquid and the upper layer liquid while scraping a part of the liquid while it is in a wet state, the coating speed, the type of coating liquid, and the coating thickness are applied to a 3.5 μm thick polyamide web. The coating conditions were changed to perform multilayer coating. And the presence or absence of generation | occurrence | production of the equal pitch streaks in the coating layer surface at this time was evaluated.
[0046]
Application conditions and evaluation results are shown in FIG. In the surface property of FIG. 7, “◯” indicates that there is no occurrence of equal pitch streaks, and “x” indicates that the occurrence of equal pitch streaks or unevenness is poor.
[0047]
As can be seen from FIG. 7, condition 13 (Ca number = 1.1), condition 14 (Ca number = 2.2), condition 15 are test sections where the capillary number Ca satisfies 0.1 <Ca <4. As for the surface property of the coating layer of (Ca number = 3.4), there was no occurrence of equal pitch streaks, and good results were obtained.
[0048]
On the other hand, the condition 17 (Ca number = 0.09) where the capillary number Ca is less than 0.1 which is the lower limit value, and the condition 16 (Ca number = 4.5 which exceeds the upper limit value 4). As for the surface property of the coating layer, the occurrence of uneven pitch streaks and unevenness resulted in failure .
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the coating method of the present invention, even when a thin coating layer, particularly a coating layer of 2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less in a wet state, is formed by high-speed coating by multilayer coating, it is applied to the surface of the coating layer. Generation of equal pitch streaks can be suppressed. Thereby, since application | coating performance can be improved, not only a product quality can be improved, but productivity can also be improved .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an example of a coating apparatus to which a coating method of the present invention is applied. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for setting up a coating apparatus for coating a web with one coating head having two slits. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a coating apparatus for coating a web with one coating head having three slits. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a coating apparatus for multilayer coating using a plurality of coating heads. Explanatory drawing explaining the coating apparatus which coat | covers a middle layer liquid and an upper layer liquid multilayerly, applying a lower layer liquid on the application | coating surface of a web, and scraping off a part of it. [FIG. 6] Explanatory drawing explaining the result of Example 1. 7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the results of Example 2. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Application | coating apparatus, 12 ... Web, 14 ... Application | coating head, 16 ... Edge surface, 18 ... Guide roller, 22 ... Pocket part, 24 ... Application liquid tank, 26 ... Metering liquid feed pump, 30 ... Slit, A ... Application layer

Claims (2)

連続走行する可撓性支持体と塗布ヘッドのエッジ面とを相対的に押しつけると共に、前記塗布ヘッド内に供給した複数の塗布液を、各スリットを介して前記エッジ面の前記可撓性支持体幅方向に形成された各スリット吐出口から吐出して前記可撓性支持体にウエットオンウエットで多層塗布する塗布方法において、
前記可撓性支持体の30〜1500m/分の範囲内での走行速度をU[m/秒]、前記複数の塗布液の平均ハイシェア粘度をμ[Pa・秒]、前記多層塗布された層のうちの最上層塗布液の表面張力をσ[N/m]としたときに、次式、
Ca=Uμ/σで計算されるキャピラリー数Caが0.1<Ca<4を満足するように調整して塗布することにより、前記多層塗布における前記可撓性支持体に接する下層を除く他の層の厚みを湿潤状態で2μm以下にすることを特徴とする塗布方法。
The flexible support that continuously runs and the edge surface of the coating head are relatively pressed, and a plurality of coating liquids supplied into the coating head are passed through the slits to the flexible support on the edge surface. In a coating method in which a multilayer coating is performed by wet-on-wet on the flexible support by discharging from each slit discharge port formed in the width direction,
The travel speed of the flexible support within a range of 30 to 1500 m / min is U [m / sec], the average high shear viscosity of the plurality of coating liquids is μ [Pa · sec], and the multilayer coated layer When the surface tension of the uppermost layer coating liquid is σ [N / m],
Other than the lower layer in contact with the flexible support in the multilayer coating, the capillary number Ca calculated by Ca = Uμ / σ is adjusted so as to satisfy 0.1 <Ca <4 . A coating method, wherein the thickness of the layer is 2 μm or less in a wet state .
前記下層用塗布液を塗布する塗布ヘッドと、前記1つ以上の塗布液を塗布する塗布ヘッドとは、一体的に構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1の塗布方法。The coating method according to claim 1, wherein the coating head for coating the lower layer coating liquid and the coating head for coating the one or more coating liquids are integrally configured.
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