JP4268052B2 - レジネートの調製方法 - Google Patents
レジネートの調製方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4268052B2 JP4268052B2 JP2003561651A JP2003561651A JP4268052B2 JP 4268052 B2 JP4268052 B2 JP 4268052B2 JP 2003561651 A JP2003561651 A JP 2003561651A JP 2003561651 A JP2003561651 A JP 2003561651A JP 4268052 B2 JP4268052 B2 JP 4268052B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- solvent
- resin
- nicotine
- exchange resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Classifications
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- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/58—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. poly[meth]acrylate, polyacrylamide, polystyrene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol or polystyrene sulfonic acid resin
- A61K47/585—Ion exchange resins, e.g. polystyrene sulfonic acid resin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
- A61P25/34—Tobacco-abuse
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Description
本明細書では、「溶解性(solubility)」という用語は、米国薬局方(US pharmacopoeia)、24、10ページに定義されているような溶解性を意味する。本発明の目的に対して、記述子「難溶性(poorly soluble)」は、USP定義によって水に極わずかに溶ける、又はほぼ溶けない物質を記載するために使用される。この溶解性は、溶媒1000部に対して溶質が1部未満である。記述子「可溶性」は、溶媒1000部に対して溶質が1部より大きい溶解性を有する物質を記載するために使用される。
本明細書では、「担持した(loaded)」及び「担持(loading)」という用語は、レジネートの調製を意味する。担持量とは、レジネートを形成するために樹脂中に導入された活性物質の量を意味する。
前記樹脂は、ヒト又は動物が摂取するのに適していることが好ましい。
本発明を実施する際に有用なイオン交換樹脂には、陰イオン交換樹脂及び陽イオン交換樹脂があるが、それらに限定されるものではない。
本発明にて有用なイオン交換樹脂は、粉末又は完全なビーズの形態である。
本発明にて有用な強塩基性陰イオン交換樹脂は、塩の形態である。
本発明を実施する際に有用な吸着樹脂には、炭素質吸着剤、アクリル系吸着剤及びフェノール−ホルムアルデヒド吸着剤が含まれるが、それらに限定されるものではない。本発明を実施する際に有用な好ましい吸着剤は、炭素質吸着剤、アクリル吸着剤、及びフェノール−ホルムアルデヒド吸着剤である。
本発明にて有用な好ましい吸着樹脂は、粉末又は完全なビーズの形態である。
本発明を実施する際に有用な水溶性又は水に難溶性の活性物質は、酸性又は塩基性のイオン化可能な官能基を有する。
好ましい水溶性活性物質には、アカルボース、アシクロビル、アレンドロネート、アマンタジン、4−アミノピリジン、アンホテリシンB、アジスロマイシン、アズトレオナム、セフトリアキソン、セフロキシム、クロマリン(cromalyn)、デフェリプロン、デキストロメトルファン、ジクロフェナク、ジダノシン、エチドロネート、ファミシクロビル(famiciclovir)、フォスカーネット、ガンシクロビル、インディナビル、メトホルミン、ネドクロミル、ネオスチグミン、ニコチン、オルパドロネート(olpadronate)、パミドロネート、ピリドスチグミン、レシドロネート(residronate)、リマンタジン、サルメテロール、スタブジン、チカルシリン、チルドロネート(tiludronate)、バラシクロビル(valaciclovir)、ザルシタビン、ザナマビル(zanamavir)及びジドブジンが含まれるが、それらに限定されるものではない。
本発明を実施する際に有用なニコチンには、タバコ植物であるタバコ(Nicotiana tobacum)由来のニコチン抽出物から導出されたものが含まれるが、それらに限定されるものではない。該ニコチンは、製薬及び農業業界において大いに使用される。製薬業界においては、該ニコチンは禁煙製剤に広く使用されている。この使用の場合、ニコチンは、トローチ剤、チューインガム、及び吸入器の形で投与することが可能である。
本発明を実施する際に有用なより好ましいニコチンは、分析値が95重量%より大きいニコチンである。
本発明を実施する際に有用なビタミンには、A(水に難溶性)、C(水溶性)、E(水に難溶性)、及びK(水溶性)が含まれるが、それらに限定されるものではない。
調製に使用する活性物質は、植物抽出物の誘導体であり得る。
本発明を実施する際に有用な水と混和性の溶媒には、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、n−プロパノール、アセトン、ジメチルホルムアミド、テトラヒドロフラン、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルエーテル、及び酢酸が含まれるが、それらに限定されるものではない。
最も好ましい水と混和性の溶媒はエタノールである。
好ましいフッ素化炭化水素は、C1〜C4フッ素化炭化水素である。
該フッ素化炭化水素は、脂肪族であることが好ましい。これは、飽和していることが好ましい。
トリフルオロメタン(CF3H);
フルオロメタン(CH3F);
ジフルオロメタン(CF2H2);
1,1−ジフルオロエタン(CF2HCH3);
1,1,1−トリフルオロエタン(CF3CH3);
1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(CF3CFH2);
ペンタフルオロエタン(CF3CF2H);
1,1,1,2,2−ペンタフルオロプロパン(CF3CF2CH3);
1,1,1,2,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(CF3CFHCFH2);
1,1,1,2,2,3−ヘキサフルオロプロパン(CF3CF2CFH2);
1,1,1,2,3,3−ヘキサフルオロプロパン(CF3CFHCF2H);
1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロプロパン(CF3CH2CF3);
1,1,2,2,3,3−ヘキサフルオロプロパン(CF2HCF2CF2H);
1,1,1,2,2,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(CF3CF2CF2);及び
1,1,1,2,3,3,3−ヘプタフルオロプロパン(CF3CFHCF3)
である。
こうした補助溶媒は:アミド類、特にN,N’−ジアルキルアミド及びアルキルアミド、好ましくはジメチルホルムアミド及びホルムアミド;スルホキシド類、特にジアルキルスルホキシド、好ましくはジメチルスルホキシド;アルコール類、特に、例えばアルカノールのような脂肪族アルコール、好ましくはメタノール、エタノール、1−プロパノール及び2−プロパノール;ケトン類、特に、例えばジアルキルケトンのような脂肪族ケトン、特に好ましくはアセトン;有機酸、特にカルボン酸、好ましくはギ酸及び酢酸;例えば酸無水物のようなカルボン酸誘導体、好ましくは無水酢酸;例えばシアン化水素及びシアン化アルキルのようなシアン化物誘導体、好ましくはシアン化メチル及び液体無水シアン化水素;アンモニア;二酸化硫黄、硫化水素及び二硫化炭素を含む硫黄含有分子;例えばハロゲン化水素のような無機酸、好ましくは液体無水フッ化水素、塩化水素、臭化水素、ヨウ化水素;例えばニトロアルカン及びニトロアリール化合物のようなニトロ誘導体、特に好ましくはニトロメタン及びニトロベンゼンから選択することができる。
イオン交換樹脂と溶媒の比の好ましい範囲は、1:1乃至1:1000、より好ましくは1:1.5乃至1:100、最も好ましくは1:2乃至1:5である。
本発明のレジネートを調製する時間は、好ましくは1秒乃至48時間、より好ましくは5分乃至12時間、最も好ましくは5分乃至8時間である。
場合によっては、レジネートの調製に使用したすべての溶媒をレジネート自体から除去するのは困難なこともあり、従って、レジネートは微量の溶媒で汚染されるかもしれない。従って、本発明は、活性物質を樹脂と併せて含み、かつ微量(例えば、レジネートの全重量に対して1wt%未満、好ましくは0.5wt%未満、特に0.1wt%未満)の溶媒を含むレジネートにまで及ぶ。
本発明は更に、本明細書に記載のレジネートを別の固形物又は液体と接触させることを含む製剤の調製方法にまで及ぶ。
難溶性活性物質であるインドメタシン0.5gと、例えばロームアンドハース社(Rohm and Haas Company)から入手可能なAmberlite IRA67のような、重量容量が5.8乃至6.2meq/gであり、第3級アミン官能基を有し、かつ完全に水和した状態のアクリル系陰イオン交換樹脂1.5gとを、25mlのバイアルに加える。混合物に水6gを加え、バイアルを閉じ、該混合物を振盪する。2時間後、インドメタシンは消失し、イオン交換樹脂は黄色になるはずである。混合物から水を排出して、湿潤状態のレジネートを得る。
混合物に水1.7gを加えることを除いては、実施例1に従い行う。これはイオン交換樹脂を水和するのに十分な水であるが、分離した液状水層を形成するのに十分ではない。10分間攪拌した後、スターラーを停止し、混合物を数分間静置する。黄色になった樹脂は表面に浮かび上がり、また容器の底にはインドメタシンが存在しないことに留意されたい。レジネートを全く含めずに、液体試料としてTFEの約半分を慎重に取り出す。この試料からTFEを蒸発によって除去する。TFEを除去した後には、有意な固形残留物が残っていないことに留意されたい。これらの観察は、すべてのインドメタシンが樹脂上に担持されたことを示す。
ジクロロエタン7gを使用することを除いて、実施例1に従い行う。10分間振盪させた後、樹脂が黄色くなっており、固形インドメタシンが存在しないことに留意されたい。この観察は、インドメタシンがイオン交換樹脂上に担持されたことを示す。
ジクロロエタンの代わりにペンタン3.5gを使用することを除いて、実施例1に従い行う。20分間振盪させた後、樹脂が黄色くなっており、固形インドメタシンが存在しないことに留意されたい。この観察は、インドメタシンがイオン交換樹脂上に担持されたことを示す。
ネルフィニビル1g、水1.4g、及び乾燥、粉砕した重量容量が10.1乃至11.1meq/gであり、かつカルボン酸官能基を有するメタクリル系弱塩基性陽イオン交換樹脂(ロームアンドハース社から入手可能なAmberlite(登録商標)IRP64など)1.6gを使用することを除いては、実施例3と同様である。
実施例2で使用したものと同じ装置内に、ロームアンドハース社から入手可能なAmberlite IRA67のような、重量容量が5.8乃至6.2meq/gであり、第3級アミン官能基を有し、かつ完全に水和した状態の完全なビーズの形態であるアクリル系陰イオン交換樹脂3gを装填する。同じ容器に、インドメタシン1gを入れる。容器から空気を排気し、次いで1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(TFE)50gを導入し、それにより、添加の終了時には、圧力が約520キロパスカルで、かつ温度が20℃になり、TFEは液体状態になる。混合物を室温で10分間攪拌する。この間、樹脂が、インドメタシン担持を示す黄色に変化する。大気に排気することによって担持容器中の圧力を下げて、TFEを除去する。水で湿潤したレジネート、すなわち陰イオン交換樹脂上に担持されたインドメタシンが残る。
レジネートを真空オーブン中60℃で4時間乾燥させることを除いては、実施例6に従い行う。
インドメタシン1gを溶かした50%のエタノール水溶液200mlを調製する。これに、重量容量が5.8乃至6.2meq/gであり、第3級アミン官能基を有し、かつその完全な水和した状態の完全なビーズの形態であるアクリル系陰イオン交換樹脂(ペンシルバニア州フィラデルフィアに所在のロームアンドハース社から入手可能なAmberlite IRA67など)3gを加える。この混合物を室温で一晩振盪させる。この間、黄色溶液はその色をほとんど消失し、樹脂が黄色になる。混合物から溶液を排出し、米国薬局方、USP24 874ページに記載されているように、紫外/可視分光計を用いて波長318nmで、インドメタシンに対する分析を行う。この分析は、インドメタシン約0.1gが溶液中に残り、樹脂上に担持されなかったことを示す。
水を加える代わりに水2.5g及びエタノール2.5gを加えることを除いては、実施例1と同様である。インドメタシンは2時間以内に担持する。実験の終了時の上清には、担持されなかったインドメタシン約0.003gが含まれる。
600キロパスカルより高い圧力にて操作可能な150ml厚肉ガラス製容器(混合容器)を含む装置を構築する。該混合容器は、第2の同一の容器(担持用容器)と連結させて、混合容器中の液体を担持容器内に移すことが可能であるようにする。バルブ及び継手を適当な位置に含めて、系の完全な排気、混合容器への溶媒(TFE)の供給、及び混合容器から担持容器への溶媒の移送を可能にする。混合容器に分析値が95%より高いニコチン0.1gを入れ、重量容量が4.3乃至4.9meq/gであり、スルホン酸官能基を有し、かつ乾燥粉末状のスチレン系強酸性陽イオン交換樹脂(ペンシルバニア州フィラデルフィアに所在のロームアンドハース社から入手可能なAmberlite(登録商標)IRP69など)10gを入れる。装置を排気して空気を除去し、次いで混合容器に溶媒(TFE)50gを入れる。TFEの蒸気圧によって、圧力は約520キロパスカルまで上昇する。TFE及びニコチンを5分間攪拌して該ニコチンを溶解させ、次いでこの溶液を担持容器に移す。担持容器中のスラリーを18時間混合し、次いで大気に排気することによって担持容器内の圧力を下げてTFEを除去する。残った乾燥固形物は、陽イオン交換樹脂上に担持されたニコチンである。
実施例1に記載のものと同じ操作を可能にし、かつレシーバーに連結されたコンプレッサーと該コンプレッサーの出口に接続されたコンデンサーとTFEを貯蔵するための適切な圧力容器とを追加した工業規模の装置を使用する。担持容器に米国薬局方24の純度規定を満たすニコチン18kgを入れ、重量容量が10.1乃至11.1meq/gであり、カルボン酸官能基を有するメタクリル系弱酸性陽イオン交換樹脂(ロームアンドハース社から入手可能なAmberlite(登録商標)IRP64など)100kgを入れる。装置を排気して空気を除去する。装置を密封して空気の侵入を防ぎ、次いで混合容器にTFEを360kgを入れる。ニコチン及びTFEを15分間攪拌して該ニコチンを溶解させ、次いでこの溶液を担持容器に移す。スラリーを少なくとも8時間混合して、樹脂によってニコチンが吸着されるようにする。コンプレッサーを操作することによって、担持容器内の圧力を350キロパスカルまで下げる。TFEは蒸留されてコンプレッサー中に取り除かれる。熱を供給して担持容器を15℃に維持する。コンプレッサーを操作して出口で520キロパスカルより高い圧力を達成し、コンデンサーを操作して圧縮されたTFEを15乃至20℃に冷却する。すべてのTFEが蒸発した後、ニコチンが担持された樹脂(118Kg)を容器から取り出す。
Claims (6)
- レジネートを他の固形物又は液体と接触させることを含む、トローチ剤あるいはチューインガムの形で投与される禁煙製剤を調製する方法であって、
レジネートは陽イオン交換樹脂に担持されたニコチンを含み、
a.ニコチンを、陽イオン交換樹脂;並びに、水と混和性の溶媒、水と混和しない溶媒又はそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される溶媒と混和して、ニコチン/陽イオン交換樹脂/溶媒混合物を形成する工程と、
b.前記ニコチン/陽イオン交換樹脂/溶媒混合物を液体状態に維持する圧力及び温度において1秒乃至48時間、該ニコチン/陽イオン交換樹脂/溶媒混合物を維持する工程と、
を含む方法によりレジネートが調製されることに特徴を有する、方法。 - 前記溶媒が、水と混和しない溶媒である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ニコチンが、前記樹脂のイオン交換容量の100%にて担持される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒がC1〜C4フッ素化炭化水素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記フッ素化炭化水素が、炭素、フッ素、および水素原子のみを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記フッ素化炭化水素が、テトラフルオロエタンである、請求項4記載の方法。
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US8008378B2 (en) | 2003-07-28 | 2011-08-30 | Novartis Ag | Taste-masked composition of cationic exchange resin |
US8741935B2 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2014-06-03 | Fertin Pharma A/S | Nicotine delivery product and method for producing it |
ATE448786T1 (de) * | 2005-06-01 | 2009-12-15 | Fertin Pharma As | Verfahren zur herstellung eines nikotinzuführenden produkts |
US20070003512A1 (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2007-01-04 | Stockel Richard F | Bisphosphonate resinates |
CN117563570B (zh) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-03-15 | 西安金沃泰环保科技有限公司 | 一种用于蛋白吸附的树脂及其制备方法 |
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US2990332A (en) * | 1958-04-02 | 1961-06-27 | Wallace & Tiernan Inc | Pharmaceutical preparations comprising cation exchange resin adsorption compounds and treatment therewith |
DE1617513C3 (de) * | 1965-08-20 | 1974-04-18 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. Ag, Basel (Schweiz) | Arzneimittelzubereitung |
NL167303C (nl) * | 1970-07-22 | Leo Ab | Vormstukken van kauwgom, bestaande uit een kauwgomba- sismassa, een tabaksalkaloide en eventueel andere ge- bruikelijke bestanddelen van kauwgom. | |
IL90245A (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1994-04-12 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Resin adsorbate comprising ranitidine together with a synthetic cation exchange resin, its preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing it |
GB8925484D0 (en) * | 1989-11-10 | 1989-12-28 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Process |
US5980882A (en) * | 1997-04-16 | 1999-11-09 | Medeva Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing | Drug-resin complexes stabilized by chelating agents |
AU1998200A (en) * | 1999-01-07 | 2000-07-24 | Elan Corporation, Plc | Multiparticulate oral dosage forms |
US20020031490A1 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-03-14 | Bellamy Simon Andrew | Method for preparing resinates |
US6607752B2 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2003-08-19 | Rohm And Haas Company | Method for the anhydrous loading of nicotine onto ion exchange resins |
US20020032245A1 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2002-03-14 | Lyn Hughes | Resinate composition |
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CN1615156A (zh) | 2005-05-11 |
WO2003061709A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
JP2005519068A (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
US20050169997A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
EP1467769B1 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
CN1615156B (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
EP1467769A1 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
ATE396746T1 (de) | 2008-06-15 |
DE60226899D1 (de) | 2008-07-10 |
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