JP4262629B2 - Excavator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an excavating machine for digging a tunnel, and more particularly to an excavating machine capable of changing the outer diameter of a cutter head.

  Some excavators can be pulled back to the starter shaft for repair and cleaning, or to change the cutter head according to the bedrock and soil quality. As such an excavator, an excavator as shown in FIG. 7 has been proposed (see Patent Document 1 below).

  This excavating machine (front conduit) 4 is installed in an outer cylinder 3 connected in front of the buried pipe 2 and excavates the tunnel with a cutter head 5 attached to the front end thereof. The outer cylinder 3 includes a front casing 3a, an intermediate casing 3b, and a rear casing 3c, and the intermediate casing 3b is made of rubber so that the outer cylinder 3 can be bent at the intermediate casing 3b. The excavator 4 is also separated into a front cylinder 4a and a rear cylinder 4b with respect to the position of the intermediate casing 3b, and can be bent together with the outer cylinder 3. The cutter head 5 is rotated by a driving device (not shown) installed in the front cylinder 4a.

  In the front cylinder 4, a soil discharging device 7 is provided for transferring the earth and sand excavated by the cutter head 5 to the rear by the screw conveyor 8. The screw conveyor 8 can be rotated in the forward and reverse directions by a drive motor 11 installed at the rear. The screw conveyor 8 and the drive motor 11 that drives the screw conveyor 8 are slidable back and forth by an actuator (jack) 23. A slide case 20 is attached to the front end of the screw conveyor 8 via a ball joint 20a. A shaft 19 of the cutter head 5 is slidably supported on the slide case 20. The cutter bit 13a of the cutter head 5 is fixed to a support member 16 that is swingably connected to the front barrel 4a, and is also connected to the slide case 20 via a link member 22.

Therefore, when the screw conveyor 8 is moved forward by the actuator 23, the support member 16 swings outward, the cutter bit 13a moves outward, the outer diameter of the cutter head 5 is enlarged, and the embedded pipe 2 is expanded. You can do some extra digging. When the screw conveyor 8 is moved rearward by the actuator 23, the support member 16 swings inward, the cutter bit 13a also moves inward, the outer diameter of the cutter head 5 is reduced from the outer cylinder 3, and the excavator 4 Can be moved backward through the buried pipe 2 and pulled back to the start shaft side.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-73777

  In the excavator 4 disclosed in Patent Document 1, a link member 22 is interposed between the cutter head 5 and the front end of the screw conveyor 8 in order to change the outer diameter of the cutter head 5, and the screw conveyor 8 and this drive motor. 11 is moved back and forth by the actuator 23. For this reason, the actuator 23 needs to move both the heavy screw conveyor 8 and the drive motor 11, and receives a considerable portion of the load applied to the cutter bit 13a during tunnel excavation. Therefore, the excavator 4 that can change the outer diameter of the cutter head 5 requires a large and powerful actuator 23, and there is a problem that miniaturization and cost reduction of the excavator 4 are hindered. In addition, when a load that is irregularly applied to the cutter bit 13a is applied to the precision-structured ball joint 21a during tunnel excavation, there is also a problem that a failure is induced.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an excavator that is small in size, low in price, and low in failure while being able to change the outer diameter of the cutter head.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a radially extending arm is fixed to a boss, a cutter head, a lever swingably attached to the arm, and a front end of the lever. and over Bitto, a linked drive shaft to the boss, the shield machine that includes a drive motor connected to said drive shaft, and the recesses and the flat portion provided at an inner end of said lever, in the longitudinal direction a rod movable, a transmitting member tip while being secured to the front end of the rod is engaged in the recess, and an actuator for moving the rod in the longitudinal direction, when the over-Bitto has moved to the outermost Further, the flat portion is in contact with the boss.

The invention according to claim 2, a cutter head which is fixed an arm extending radially in the boss, a lever swingably attached to the arm, and over Bitto attached to the front end of the lever, the boss In an excavator provided with a connected drive shaft and a drive motor connected to the drive shaft, a recess provided at an inner end of the lever, a flat portion provided at a rear end of the lever, a rod movable in the longitudinal direction, and the transmitting member tip while being secured to the front end of the rod is engaged in the recess, and an actuator for moving the rod in the longitudinal direction, the over-Bitto is to outermost The flat portion abuts on the arm when moved.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rod penetrates through the drive shaft and the boss, and the transmission member is a disc shape welded to the front end of the rod. A base portion, a ring portion disposed around the base portion, an arm portion extending in a radial direction from the ring portion and engaging with the concave portion, and a gate-type connecting portion connecting the base portion and the ring portion The positioning ring fixed to the boss is engaged between the base portion and the ring portion.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first, second, or third aspect of the invention, the actuator is a pair and is fixed in parallel to the rear of the drive motor, and the connecting rod connecting the output portions of the two actuators The rear end of the rod is connected to be rotatable about an axis.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the actuator and the fulcrum column are fixed in parallel to each other behind the drive motor, and connects the output part of the actuator and the fulcrum column. A rear end of the rod is connected to a connecting rod so as to be rotatable about an axis.

According to the invention of claim 1, the actuator is operated to move the rod forward, and the swing lever is outwardly moved over Bitto is outward, the outer diameter of the cutter head The tunnel can be dug while securing an appropriate amount of surplus. At this time, when the lever swings to the maximum extent outward, the flat portion of the inner end of the lever contacts the boss, so that an excessive load applied to the overbit during tunnel excavation is applied to the inner end of the lever. When the flat portion and the boss come into contact with each other, the rod is not transmitted to the rod connected to the actuator. Therefore, the excessive load on the over-Bitto, failure portion from the actuator to the front end of the rod is less likely to occur, Moreover, it is possible to weight and size of the parts, shield machine itself low price and small size and lightweight It becomes possible.

On the other hand, the actuator is operated to move the rod to the rear, and the rocking lever is inwardly moves over bits inwardly, since the outer diameter of the cutter head is decreased, the outer a shield machine The inside of the tube and the buried pipe can be moved backward and pulled back to the start shaft side, where repair and cleaning can be performed, and the cutter head can be replaced, which is convenient.

  The invention according to claim 2 is that except that when the lever swings to the maximum extent outward, the flat portion at the rear end abuts against the arm instead of the flat portion at the inner end of the lever. It is the same as the invention concerning. When the lever swings to the maximum extent outward, the flat portion at the rear end of the lever contacts the arm, so that an excessive load applied to the cutter bit during tunnel excavation is the same as in the invention according to claim 1. The rod is not transmitted to the rod connected to the actuator. Therefore, the present invention has the same effect as the invention according to claim 1.

  According to the invention of claim 3, since the transmission member is supported by the positioning ring, an excessive load applied to the overbit during tunnel excavation does not exert a bending moment on the rod. It is difficult to damage the connecting part and the rod.

  According to the fourth aspect of the invention, since the rear end of the rod is connected to the connecting rod connecting the output portions of the pair of actuators so as to be rotatable about the axis, the rod is also moved back and forth with respect to the rotating cutter head. The outer diameter of the cutter head can be changed. Further, since a pair of actuators are provided, the driving force of one actuator can be reduced, and the driving force of the actuator can be sufficiently transmitted to the rod without applying a large bending moment to each part of the actuator and the rod. For this reason, an actuator and a connecting rod can be reduced in size, and further reduction in price and size of the entire excavator can be achieved.

  According to the invention of claim 5, since the rear end of the rod is connected to the connecting rod connecting the output portion of the actuator and the fulcrum column so as to be rotatable about the axis, the rod is also moved back and forth with respect to the rotating cutter head. The outer diameter of the cutter head can be changed. Further, since the connecting rod works as a lever, even if the actuator is small and small, the driving force can be sufficiently transmitted to the rod, and the entire excavator can be further reduced in price and size. .

Hereinafter, based on FIGS. 1-5, one Example which concerns on the excavation machine which can change the outer diameter of the cutter head of this invention is described. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of the excavator. FIG. 2 is a front view of the excavator. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view when the outer diameter of the cutter head of this excavator is maximized. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view when the outer diameter of the cutter head of this excavator is minimized. 5, in the cutter head, is a front view of a transmitting member for transmitting the driving force for swinging the lever fitted with over Bitto.

  This digging machine 30 digs a tunnel with a cutter head 40 that is positioned and arranged by a spacer 3f in an outer cylinder 3 that is detachably fixed in front of a buried pipe (not shown). is there.

  The outer cylinder includes a front casing 3a and a rear casing 3c, as in the conventional case shown in FIG. 7, and has a sealing structure in which the connecting portion 3d of both casings can be bent.

  The excavator 30 is also separated into a front cylinder 30a and a rear cylinder 30b at the position of the connecting part 3d between the front casing 3a and the rear casing 3c of the outer cylinder 3, and a connecting part between the front cylinder 30a and the rear cylinder 30b. 33 is made to be bendable and has a sealing structure. A jack 31 is stretched between the front barrel 30a and the rear barrel 30b. By extending and contracting the jack 31, the excavator 30 and the outer cylinder 3 can be bent at the same portion.

  The cutter head 40 is driven by a drive motor 32 installed in the propulsion device 30. For this reason, the drive shaft 36 splined to the output shaft 34 of the drive motor 32 is connected to the boss 42 of the cutter head 40.

  In addition, the cutter head 40 is disposed around the boss 42, a plurality of arms 50 radiating from the boss 42 and extending forward, a rotating plate 44 fixed to the front end of the arm 50, and the rotating plate 44. And an inner bit 48, 48a attached at an appropriate position on the rotating plate 44 so that excavation can be made without leaving a portion of the overbit 46 where excavation leakage occurs. Each arm 50 includes a pair of vertical plates 50a and a connecting member 50b that connects the vertical plates 50a to each other. The rotating plate 44 is provided with a window 44b through which the excavated earth and sand pass rearward.

The overbit 46 is attached to a front end of a lever 56 pivotally supported by a pin 54 on the arm 50, and is movable in a radial direction by swinging the lever 56. Further, the front end of the lever 56, the scraper 58 has been arranged in the excavation direction on both sides of the over bit 46, that is protecting the over-bit 46.

  A rod 60 passes through the drive shaft 36 and the drive motor 32 so as to be movable back and forth. The rear end of the rod 60 is connected to a connecting rod 64 that connects the output portions of a pair of actuators 62 fixed to the rear portion of the drive motor 32 through a thrust bearing 65 so as to allow the rod 60 to rotate around its axis. ing. For this reason, the rod 60 can be rotated together with the cutter head 40.

  3, 4, and 5 show details of the transmission member 66 that transmits the movement of the rod 60 to the lever 56 to which the overbit 46 is attached in the cutter head 40. The lever 56 is pivotally supported by a pin 54 at an intermediate portion. A concave portion 56b and a flat portion 56c are provided at the inner end of the lever 56, and a flat portion 56d is provided at the rear end. A transmission member 66 is welded to the front end of the rod 60 to transmit the longitudinal movement of the rod 60 to the lever 56 in the space 52 between the boss 42 and the rotating plate 44.

  The transmission member 66 includes a disc-shaped base portion 66a welded to the front end of the rod 60, a ring portion 66b disposed around the base portion 66a, an arm portion 66c extending radially from the ring portion 66b, and the base portion 66a and the ring. It consists of the gate-shaped connection part 66d which connects the part 66b. A positioning ring 42a welded to the boss 42 is engaged between the base portion 66a and the ring portion 66b, and guides the forward and backward movement of the transmission member 66. The distal end of the arm portion 66 c is formed into a spherical surface 68 and engages with the concave portion 56 b at the inner end of the lever 56. The reason why the tip of the arm portion 66 c is the spherical surface 68 is to smooth the relative rotation between the lever 56 and the arm portion 66. The reason why the connecting portion 66d has a gate shape is to prevent the transmission member 66 from colliding with the positioning ring 42a when moving backward. The boss 42 is fixed to the drive shaft 36 by a bolt 61 that passes through the positioning ring 42 a and the front end of the boss 42.

  Now, as shown in FIG. 3, when the actuator 62 is operated to move the rod 60 forward, the transmission member 66 also moves forward, the lever 56 swings outward, and the overbit 46 is moved. Moves outward, the outer end of the over bit 46 is positioned outside the outer diameter of the outer cylinder 3, the outer diameter of the cutter head 40 is increased, and the tunnel is dug while ensuring an appropriate amount of overburden. can do. At this time, the lever 56 swings outward as much as possible, the flat portion 56 c at the inner end abuts against the seat portion 42 b attached to the boss 42, and the flat portion 56 d at the rear end moves to the arm 50. It contacts the connecting member 50b. At this time, the seat portion 42b and the connecting member 50b each have a flat surface and come into surface contact with the flat portions 56c and 56d. Of course, the flat portion 56c may directly contact the boss 42 without attaching the seat portion 42b.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, when the actuator 62 is operated to move the rod 60 backward, the lever 56 swings inward, and the outer end of the overbit 46 is moved from the inner diameter of the outer cylinder 3. Is also located inside, and the outer diameter of the cutter head 40 is reduced. Therefore, when the coupling pin 3e that connects the outer cylinder 3 and the excavator 30 is removed, the excavator 30 can move backward in the outer cylinder 3 and a buried pipe (not shown) and pull it back to the start shaft side.

  In accordance with such a change in the position of the over bit 46, at least one 48a of the inner bit 48 is also movable in the radial direction. For this reason, even if the overbit 46 moves, excavation leakage does not occur. Since the mechanism for moving the inner bit 48a in the radial direction is the same as the mechanism for moving the over bit 46 in the radial direction, description thereof is omitted.

  According to this embodiment, since the driving force of the actuator 62 is merely transmitted by the thin rod 60, the actuator 62 can be reduced in size. In addition, since a pair of actuators 62 are provided, the driving force of one actuator 62 can be reduced, and a large bending moment is applied to each part from the attachment part of the actuator 62 to the drive motor 32 to the connection part of the rod 60 and the connecting rod 64. Therefore, the actuator 62 and the connecting rod 64 can be further downsized, and the excavator 30 can be reduced in price and size and weight.

Further, Therefore, excessive load on the over-bit 46 in the tunnel excavation, together with transmitted to the boss 42 via a suppository portion 42 b from the flat portion 56c of the inner end of the lever 56, the flat of the rear end of the lever 56 Since it is transmitted from the portion 56 d to the boss 42 via the arm 50, it is not transmitted to the rod 60 connected to the actuator 62. Further, since the transmission member 66 is supported by the positioning ring 42 a, the load applied to the over bit 46 does not exert a bending moment on the rod 60. For this reason, since an excessive load or bending moment is not applied to the portion from the actuator 62 to the front end of the rod 60, it is difficult to cause a failure in this portion, and further, the weight of this portion can be reduced. 30 can be further reduced in price and reduced in size and weight.

Furthermore, in the excavator 30 of this embodiment, an eccentric shaft portion 36a is formed on the drive shaft 36 near the front end of the front barrel 30a, and a truncated cone cone rotor 70 is interposed on the eccentric shaft portion 36a with a bearing (not shown). And can be freely mounted. When the drive shaft 36 rotates, the cone rotor 70 rotates about the drive shaft 36 while performing an eccentric motion. A large number of protrusions 70 a are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cone rotor 70. An outer cone 74 is disposed around the cone rotor 70, and a protrusion 74 a is also disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer cone 74.

  A crushing chamber 76 that is narrower toward the rear side is formed by the cone rotor 70 and the outer cone 74. A stirring blade 82 is attached to the arm 50 of the cutter head 40 installed in front of the crushing chamber 76. The outer peripheral surface of the boss 42 of the cutter head 40 and the outer peripheral surface of the cone rotor 70 are continuous. The crushing chamber 76 is connected to a mud pipe 78 for discharging mud water in order to facilitate the agitation and sending of mud, and the crushing chamber 76 is made fine at the rear end of the crushing chamber 76. In addition, a mud discharge pipe 80 for transferring the earth and sand mixed with muddy water to the rear is connected. Seal members 84 for preventing intrusion of muddy water are disposed at the front end and the rear end of the cone rotor 70.

  The earth and sand excavated by the rotation of the cutter head 40 passes through the peripheral portion 44a and the window 44b of the rotating plate 44, and smoothly flows into the crushing chamber 76 while being mixed and stirred with the muddy water by the stirring blades 82. The earth and sand that has entered the crushing chamber 76 collides with the cone rotor 70 that rotates eccentrically and is crushed more finely. Since the cone rotor 70 rotates freely, only a specific portion is not worn or damaged, and even if a hard and large rock enters the crushing chamber 76, the drive motor 32 is not overloaded. It is possible to crush rocks over time. Thus, the excavator 30 can excavate the tunnel efficiently.

  By the way, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible.

  For example, in order to drive the rod 60 with the actuator 62, as shown in FIG. 6A, the actuator 62 and the fulcrum column 63 are attached in parallel to the rear part of the drive motor 32, and the output part and fulcrum of the actuator 62 are attached. The tip of the column 63 may be connected by a connecting rod 64, and the connecting rod 64 and the rod 60 may be connected by a thrust bearing 65. In this case, since the connecting rod 64 acts as a lever, even if there is only one actuator 62 and it is small, the driving force can be sufficiently transmitted to the rod 60, and the excavator 30 can be further reduced in price and size. Can be realized.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6B, power is transmitted from the pair of drive motors 32 to the drive shaft 36 via an appropriate transmission mechanism such as a gear mechanism 90, and a pair of rods 60 penetrating the drive shaft 36 are connected. You may make it pass between these drive motors 32. In this case, since the rod 60 does not penetrate through the drive motor 32, it is not necessary to use a special drive motor 32, so that the price of the excavator 30 can be further reduced.

  Further, the rod 60 may be disposed at an appropriate position without penetrating the drive shaft 36 and the drive motor 32, and the drive force may be transmitted to the lever 56 through an appropriate transmission device.

  Then, in order to reduce the price of the excavator 30, the cone rotor 70 may be fixed to the drive shaft 36 without making the cone rotor 70 swingable around the drive shaft 36.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the principal part of the excavation machine which concerns on one Example of this invention. It is a front view of the excavator. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view when the outer diameter of the cutter head of the excavator is maximized. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view when the outer diameter of the cutter head of the excavator is minimized. It is a front view of a transmitting member for transmitting the driving force for swinging the lever fitted with over Bitto. It is a figure explaining another Example of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the conventional excavation machine.

Explanation of symbols

30 shield machine 32 drive motor 36 drive shaft 40 the cutter head 42 the boss 46 over bit 50 arm 56 the lever 56b recesses 56c, 56d flat section 60 the rod 62 the actuator 63 the fulcrum post 64 connecting rod 65 thrust bearing 66 transmitting member

Claims (5)

A cutter head which is fixed an arm extending radially in the boss, a lever swingably attached to the arm, and over Bitto attached to the front end of the lever, and connected to a drive shaft to the boss, the In the excavator with a drive motor connected to the drive shaft,
A concave portion and a flat portion provided at the inner end of the lever, a rod movable in the front-rear direction, a transmission member fixed to the front end of the rod and having a tip engaged with the concave portion, and the rod front and rear An actuator that moves in a direction,
Boring machine the flat portion when the over-Bitto has moved to the outermost is characterized in that it abuts against the boss. A cutter head which is fixed an arm extending radially in the boss, a lever swingably attached to the arm, and over Bitto attached to the front end of the lever, and connected to a drive shaft to the boss, the In the excavator with a drive motor connected to the drive shaft,
A concave portion provided at the inner end of the lever, a flat portion provided at the rear end of the lever, a rod movable in the front-rear direction, and a front end of the rod that is fixed to the concave portion. A transmission member to be combined, and an actuator for moving the rod in the front-rear direction,
Boring machine the flat portion when the over-Bitto has moved to the outermost is characterized in that it abuts against the arm.   The rod passes through the drive shaft and the boss, and the transmission member includes a disc-shaped base portion welded to the front end of the rod, a ring portion disposed around the base portion, and a ring portion. And a gate-shaped connecting portion that connects the base portion and the ring portion, and is fixed to the boss between the base portion and the ring portion. The excavator according to claim 1, wherein the positioning ring is engaged.   A pair of the actuators are fixed in parallel to each other behind the drive motor, and a rear end of the rod is rotatably connected to a connecting rod that connects output portions of both actuators. Item 4. The excavator according to item 1, 2 or 3.   The actuator and the fulcrum post are fixed in parallel to each other behind the drive motor, and the rear end of the rod is connected to a connecting rod connecting the output part of the actuator and the fulcrum post so as to be rotatable about an axis. The excavation machine according to claim 1, 2, or 3.

Images