JP4262124B2 - Cutting method and method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member using the cutting method - Google Patents
Cutting method and method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member using the cutting method Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、切削方法、該切削方法を用いた電子写真感光体の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a cutting method and a method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member using the cutting method .
電子写真方式の画像形成装置、いわゆる電子写真装置は、帯電手段および露光手段により電子写真感光体の表面に静電潜像を形成し、該静電潜像を現像手段により可視化するとうプロセス(電子写真プロセス)を採用したものが一般的である。 An electrophotographic image forming apparatus, a so-called electrophotographic apparatus, forms a latent electrostatic image on the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member by a charging unit and an exposing unit, and visualizes the electrostatic latent image by a developing unit (electronic A photo process is generally adopted.
上記電子写真プロセスにより高画質の画像を得るためには、電子写真感光体と現像部材(現像スリーブや現像ローラー)との距離が一定に保たれていることが必要であり、そのためには、電子写真感光体や現像部材が高精度であることが必要である。 In order to obtain a high-quality image by the electrophotographic process, it is necessary to keep the distance between the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the developing member (developing sleeve or developing roller) constant. It is necessary that the photographic photosensitive member and the developing member have high accuracy.
特に、カラー画像出力を行う電子写真装置では、各色の画像を重ね合わせる必要があり、色ズレ、色ムラ、モワレを防止するためには、より高精度な電子写真感光体や現像部材が求められる。 In particular, in an electrophotographic apparatus that performs color image output, it is necessary to superimpose images of each color, and in order to prevent color misregistration, color unevenness, and moire, a highly accurate electrophotographic photosensitive member or developing member is required. .
電子写真感光体や現像部材は、一般的に、高精度の円筒状支持体の表面に、必要に応じて表面処理や塗膜形成を行って製造される。円筒状支持体には、一般的に、押し出し加工や引き抜き加工によって製造された管材を所定の長さに切断して得られる円筒体(素管)が用いられる。また、必要に応じて、円筒体(素管)の端部を所定の形状に処理したり(端部加工)、端部加工後、円筒体(素管)を保持手段(チャック)により保持した状態で、円筒体(素管)の外周面を所定の精度・表面粗さに仕上げたりする(外周面加工)。 The electrophotographic photosensitive member and the developing member are generally produced by subjecting the surface of a high-precision cylindrical support to surface treatment or coating formation as necessary. In general, a cylindrical body (element tube) obtained by cutting a tubular material manufactured by extrusion or drawing into a predetermined length is used as the cylindrical support. If necessary, the end of the cylindrical body (element tube) is processed into a predetermined shape (end processing), and after the end processing, the cylinder (element tube) is held by holding means (chuck). In this state, the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body (element tube) is finished to a predetermined accuracy and surface roughness (peripheral surface processing).
外周面加工としては、例えば、端部加工後の円筒体(素管)を回転させながら切削バイトを当接し、該円筒体(素管)の回転軸と平行に該切削バイトを移動させながら、該円筒体(素管)の外周面を切削加工する方式、いわゆる旋盤加工がよく用いられる。 As the outer peripheral surface processing, for example, while rotating the cylindrical body (element tube) after the end portion processing, while contacting the cutting bite, while moving the cutting bit parallel to the rotation axis of the cylindrical body (element tube), A method of cutting the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body (element tube), so-called lathe machining, is often used.
図1を参照して、旋盤加工の例を説明する。 An example of lathe processing will be described with reference to FIG.
押し出し加工や引き抜き加工などによって得られた素管の両端面を所定の形状に整えた円筒体(被加工物)101を準備する。 A cylindrical body (workpiece) 101 is prepared in which both end faces of a raw tube obtained by extrusion processing or drawing processing are adjusted to a predetermined shape.
円筒体101について、切削開始時に切削バイト109が当接する側102(以下、切削開始側)を保持手段103により保持し、切削終了時に切削バイト109が当接する側104(以下、切削終了側)を保持手段105により保持する。
With respect to the
回転手段106により保持手段105を介して円筒体101を回転させる。
The
ガイドレール107上に設置された切削バイト固定台108上に切削バイト109を固定し、切削バイト109を円筒体101に当接させながら移動させ、円筒体101の外周面を切削加工する。
A
図1においては、切削バイト109の移動方向は矢印110の方向である。
In FIG. 1, the moving direction of the
切削加工においては、円筒体101と切削バイト109との摩擦、円筒体101の剪断変形になどに伴って熱が発生するが、発生した熱の大半は切屑と共に取り去られる。また、切削バイト109の材料や刃先形状の選択、切削油の選択、切削速度などの切削条件の適正化で、発熱量を低下させることは可能である。
In the cutting process, heat is generated due to friction between the
しかしながら、発生した熱の一部は、円筒体に残留・蓄積して、切削加工中に円筒体の温度を上昇させる。すると、切削加工中、切削開始側102の温度より、切削終了側104の温度の方が高くなってしまう。
However, part of the generated heat remains and accumulates in the cylindrical body, and raises the temperature of the cylindrical body during the cutting process. Then, during cutting, the temperature on the
通常、旋盤を用いて円筒体101の外周面を切削する切削方法において、切削バイト109は円筒体(被加工物)101の軸と平行に移動しながら円筒体101の外周面を切削加工するので、図2(c)に示すように、切削加工直後、円筒体101の外径は均一に加工される。
Normally, in a cutting method of cutting the outer peripheral surface of the
しかしながら、切削加工後の円筒体101が冷却され、円筒体101全体がほぼ均一に室温に戻ったときには、図2(d)に示すように、切削開始側102より切削終了側104の方が温度降下の幅が大きいため、切削開始側102より切削終了側104の方がより収縮し、最終的に切削開始側102の外径より切削終了側104の外径が小さくなるという問題が発生する。
However, when the
この問題を解決するための従来技術としては以下の例が挙げられる。 The following examples are given as conventional techniques for solving this problem.
従来技術(1)として、切削油を気体ともに吹き付ける(特開2002−066871号公報(特許文献1)参照)という方法が挙げられる。しかしながら、この方法では、高精度の円筒状支持体を得るには冷却能力が不十分であり、均一な外径の円筒状支持体を得ることができなかった。 As a prior art (1), there is a method of blowing cutting oil together with a gas (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-066871 (Patent Document 1)). However, with this method, the cooling capacity is insufficient to obtain a highly accurate cylindrical support, and a cylindrical support having a uniform outer diameter cannot be obtained.
従来技術(2)として、大量の切削油を円筒体にかけながら切削する方法も知られている(特開2003−015325号(特許文献2)参照)。しかしながら、大量の切削油を用いる工程は発火の危険が多く、また、洗浄工程の負荷が大きくコスト高となる。油脂を水中に乳化分散したエマルジョン系の切削油や、水系の切削液(特開平07−077814号公報(特許文献3)参照)を用いる方法も挙げられるが、得られる円筒状支持体の表面に染みや腐食が発生するという問題が生じ、安定して円筒状支持体を生産することができなかった。 As a prior art (2), a method of cutting while applying a large amount of cutting oil to a cylindrical body is also known (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-015325 (Patent Document 2)). However, the process using a large amount of cutting oil has a high risk of ignition, and the load of the cleaning process is large and the cost is high. A method of using an emulsion-based cutting oil in which oils and fats are emulsified and dispersed in water or a water-based cutting fluid (see JP-A-07-0777814 (Patent Document 3)) can also be mentioned. The problem of stains and corrosion occurred, and the cylindrical support could not be produced stably.
従来技術(3)として、NC制御(数値制御)旋盤において、あらかじめ作製したサンプルの外径を測定し、その測定結果に基づいて切削バイトと円筒体の軸との距離を数値入力で変化させ、切削加工後の円筒体の外径均一性を高める方法が知られている。しかしながら、NC制御旋盤においては、切削バイトと円筒体の軸との距離はデジタル制御であるため、完全に滑らかな変化することができず、変化させたときに微妙な段差ができることが避けられない。カラー画像出力を行う電子写真装置では、この段差が原因となって色ムラが発生し、良好な画像が得られないという問題が発生する。
本発明の目的は、切削バイトを有する旋盤を用いて円筒体の外周面を切削する切削方法において生じる上記課題を解決し、低コストで外径均一性の高い円筒体の切削方法を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems occurring in a cutting method of cutting the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical body using a lathe having a cutting tool, and to provide a low-cost and highly uniform outer diameter cutting method for a cylindrical body. It is in.
また、本発明の目的は、該外径均一性の高い円筒体を支持体として有し、色ムラなどの発生が抑制された電子写真感光体の製造方法を提供することにある。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having the cylindrical body having a high outer diameter uniformity as a support and suppressing occurrence of color unevenness.
本発明は、切削バイトを有する旋盤を用いて円筒体の外周面を切削する切削方法において、切削開始時の円筒体外周面と切削バイトとの当接部に位置する円筒体の切削開始側を加温手段を用いて加温して、円筒体の切削開始側の温度と円筒体の切削終了側の温度との間に温度差を設けて、円筒体の外周面を切削することを特徴とする切削方法である。 The present invention relates to a cutting method for cutting an outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical body using a lathe having a cutting tool, wherein the cutting start side of the cylindrical body located at a contact portion between the cylindrical outer peripheral surface and the cutting tool at the start of cutting is provided. Heating using a heating means, providing a temperature difference between the temperature on the cutting start side of the cylindrical body and the temperature on the cutting end side of the cylindrical body, and cutting the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body This is a cutting method.
また、本発明は、支持体上に感光層を有する電子写真感光体の製造方法において、該支持体が上記切削方法により外周面が切削された円筒状の支持体であり、該円筒状の支持体上に感光層を形成して電子写真感光体を製造することを特徴とする電子写真感光体の製造方法である。 Further, the present invention provides a method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a support, wherein the support is a cylindrical support having an outer peripheral surface cut by the cutting method, and the cylindrical support An electrophotographic photosensitive member production method comprising producing a photosensitive layer by forming a photosensitive layer on a photosensitive member.
本発明によれば、切削バイトを有する旋盤を用いて円筒体の外周面を切削する切削方法において生じる上記課題を解決し、低コストで外径均一性の高い円筒体の切削方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, the above problem was solved occurring in the cutting method for cutting the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical body using a lathe with a cutting tool, to provide a method of cutting the outer diameter evenness high cylinder at low cost Can do.
また、本発明によれば、該外径均一性の高い円筒体を支持体として有し、色ムラなどの発生が抑制された電子写真感光体の製造方法を提供することができる。 In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having the cylindrical body having a high outer diameter uniformity as a support and suppressing occurrence of color unevenness.
通常、旋盤を用いて円筒体101の外周面を切削する切削方法において、切削バイト109は円筒体101の軸と平行に移動しながら円筒体101の外周面を切削加工するので、図2(c)に示すように、切削加工直後、円筒体101の外径は均一に加工される。
Usually, in the cutting method of cutting the outer peripheral surface of the
従来の切削方法によれば、切削加工後の円筒体101が冷却され、全体がほぼ均一に室温に戻ったときには、図2(d)に示すように、切削開始側102より切削終了側104の方が温度降下の幅が大きいため、切削開始側102より切削終了側104の方がより収縮し、最終的に切削開始側102の外径より切削終了側104の外径が小さくなるという問題が発生する。
According to the conventional cutting method, when the
これに対して、本発明の切削方法では、図3(b)に示すように、円筒体101の切削開始側102および切削終了側104のうちから切削開始側102を加温して、切削加工中の円筒体101の温度差が少なくなるようにすることにより、切削加工(図3(c))後、円筒体101が冷却されて円筒体全体が室温に戻ったとき(図3(d))に、切削開始側102の外径と切削終了側104の外径との均一性が高まるようになる。
In contrast, in the cutting method of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the
一般的に、温度T0において長さLの円筒体の温度がTに上昇したときの長さの変化LΔは、L(T−T0)Aとなる(Aは円筒体の線膨張係数)。同様に温度T0において直径Rの円筒体の温度がTに上昇したときの直径の変化RΔは、│R(T−T0)A│となる(Aは円筒体の線膨張係数)。 In general, the change in length LΔ when the temperature of a cylindrical body having a length L rises to T at temperature T 0 is L (T−T 0 ) A (A is the linear expansion coefficient of the cylindrical body). . Similarly, when the temperature of the cylindrical body having the diameter R rises to T at the temperature T 0 , the diameter change RΔ is | R (T−T 0 ) A | (A is the linear expansion coefficient of the cylindrical body).
旋盤加工においては、加工後、被加工物を加工する部屋の室温に馴染ませるのが普通である。切削開始前に被加工物である円筒体は室温T0に十分馴染んでいたものとし、切削開始側に切削バイトが当接して該切削開始側の切削加工を行ったときの該切削開始側の温度をT1とし、切削終了側に切削バイトが当接して該切削終了側の切削加工を行ったときの該切削終了側の温度をT2としたとき、切削加工を行ったことによる切削開始側の直径の変化ΔR1は│R(T1−T0)A│となり、切削終了側の直径の変化ΔR2は│R(T2−T0)A│となる。 In lathe processing, after processing, it is common to adjust to the room temperature of the room where the workpiece is processed. It is assumed that the cylindrical body, which is a workpiece before starting the cutting, is sufficiently familiar with the room temperature T 0 , and the cutting start side when the cutting tool comes into contact with the cutting start side to perform the cutting processing on the cutting start side. when a temperature of T 1, a cutting tool on the cutting completion side was T 2 the temperature of the cutting completion side when performing cutting of contact with the cutting finishing side, starts cutting by performing the cutting The diameter change ΔR 1 on the side becomes | R (T 1 −T 0 ) A |, and the diameter change ΔR 2 on the cutting end side becomes | R (T 2 −T 0 ) A |.
円筒体(被加工物)の中心軸と平行に移動する切削バイトにより均一の外径に切削された後、円筒体(被加工物)が十分冷却され、円筒体全体が室温T0になったときの切削開始側と切削終了側の直径の差S12は、│ΔR1−ΔR2│=│R(T1−T2)A│となる。 After being cut to the outer diameter of homogeneity by the cylinder center axis parallel to the moving cutting bit of (workpiece), the cylindrical body (workpiece) is sufficiently cooled, the entire cylinder is turned to room temperature T 0 The difference in diameter S 12 between the cutting start side and the cutting end side at this time is | ΔR 1 −ΔR 2 | = | R (T 1 −T 2 ) A |.
切削開始側と切削終了側の直径の差S12をS以内にしようとするときは、S≧│R(T1−T2)A│となるように、切削開始側T1と切削終了側の温度T2を調整する必要がある。 When the difference in diameter S 12 between the cutting start side and the cutting end side is to be within S, the cutting start side T 1 and the cutting end side are set so that S ≧ | R (T 1 −T 2 ) A | it is necessary to adjust the temperature T 2.
外周面が切削された円筒体を電子写真感光体の支持体として用いるとき、特に、カラー画像出力を行う電子写真装置用の電子写真感光体の支持体として用いるときは、上記Sは0.010mm以下であることが好ましい。 When the cylindrical body whose outer peripheral surface is cut is used as a support for an electrophotographic photosensitive member, particularly when it is used as a support for an electrophotographic photosensitive member for an electrophotographic apparatus for outputting a color image, the above S is 0.010 mm. The following is preferable.
本発明の切削方法により外周面が切削された円筒体は、電子写真感光体や現像部材(現像スリーブや現像ローラー)などの電子写真用部材の支持体(円筒状支持体)として好適に用いられる。 The cylindrical body whose outer peripheral surface is cut by the cutting method of the present invention is suitably used as a support (cylindrical support) for an electrophotographic member such as an electrophotographic photosensitive member or a developing member (developing sleeve or developing roller). .
円筒体の材料としては、電子写真用部材の支持体として用いる場合、導電性を有するものであればよく、例えば、アルミニウム、銅、鉄、ニッケル、チタンなどの金属およびこれらの合金、また、プラスチック、セラミック、ガラスなどに導電性処理をしたものが挙げられる。これらの中でも、アルミニウムまたは3000(Al−Mn)系、5000(Al−Mg)系あるいは6000(Al−Mg−Si)系のアルミニウム合金が好ましい。 As a material of the cylindrical body, when used as a support for an electrophotographic member, any material having conductivity can be used. For example, metals such as aluminum, copper, iron, nickel, titanium, alloys thereof, and plastics , Ceramics, glass and the like that have been subjected to a conductive treatment. Among these, aluminum or an aluminum alloy of 3000 (Al—Mn), 5000 (Al—Mg), or 6000 (Al—Mg—Si) is preferable.
円筒体の元になる管材の製造方法としては、例えば、深絞り加工によってカップ状に加工し、次に、カップの壁をしごき加工によって伸ばし、底付きの管材を製造する方法(DI法)や、衝撃押し出し加工によってカップ状に加工し、次に、カップの壁をしごき加工によって伸ばし、底付きの管材を製造する方法(II法)や、押し出し加工によって得られた管材をしごき加工によって伸ばし、薄肉の管材を製造する方法(EI法)や、押し出し加工の後、さらに引き抜き加工により薄肉の管材を製造する方法(ED法)などが挙げられる。また、ポートホール方式により押し出し加工された中空パイプを1段または1段以上の引き抜き加工により高精度な管材を製造する方法も挙げられる。このようにして製造した管材を所定の長さに切断して円筒体(素管)とする。 As a manufacturing method of the tube material from which the cylindrical body is based, for example, a method of manufacturing a bottomed tube material (DI method) by processing into a cup shape by deep drawing and then extending the wall of the cup by ironing. Then, it is processed into a cup shape by impact extrusion, and then the wall of the cup is stretched by ironing, and a method of manufacturing a tube with a bottom (Method II), and the pipe obtained by extrusion is stretched by ironing, Examples thereof include a method for producing a thin-walled tube material (EI method) and a method for producing a thin-walled tube material by extrusion after extrusion (ED method). In addition, there is a method of manufacturing a highly accurate pipe material by drawing one or more hollow pipes extruded by the porthole method. The tube material thus manufactured is cut into a predetermined length to obtain a cylindrical body (element tube).
また、切削加工、研削などにより、円筒体(素管)の両端部に所定の精度(直角度、平行度)の端面加工、旋盤加工を行う際の保持手段で保持するための予備加工を行う。 Also, pre-processing for holding by end means with predetermined accuracy (perpendicularity, parallelism) and lathe processing at both ends of the cylindrical body (element tube) by cutting or grinding is performed. .
本発明の切削方法により外周面が切削された円筒体を電子写真感光体の支持体として用いる場合、支持体上に設ける感光層は、無機光導電性物質を用いた無機感光層であっても、有機光導電性物質を用いた有機感光層であってもよく、また、電荷発生物質を含有する電荷発生層と電荷輸送物質を含有する電荷輸送層とに分離した積層型感光層であってもよい。また、支持体と感光層との間には、レーザー光などの散乱による干渉縞の防止、支持体の傷の被覆を目的とした導電層や、バリア機能や接着機能を有する中間層を設けてもよい。また、感光層上には、該感光層を保護することを目的とした保護層を設けてもよい。 When the cylindrical body whose outer peripheral surface is cut by the cutting method of the present invention is used as a support for an electrophotographic photosensitive member, the photosensitive layer provided on the support may be an inorganic photosensitive layer using an inorganic photoconductive substance. An organic photosensitive layer using an organic photoconductive material, or a laminated photosensitive layer separated into a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material. Also good. In addition, a conductive layer for the purpose of preventing interference fringes due to scattering of laser light, coating of scratches on the support, and an intermediate layer having a barrier function and an adhesive function are provided between the support and the photosensitive layer. Also good. Further, a protective layer may be provided on the photosensitive layer for the purpose of protecting the photosensitive layer.
以上説明したように、本発明の切削方法によれば、電子写真部材用の支持体として好適に用いられる円筒体を得ることができる。本発明の切削方法により外周面が切削された円筒体は、外径均一性が良好である。本発明の切削方法により外周面が切削された円筒体を電子写真感光体や現像部材(現像スリーブや現像ローラー)の支持体として用いれば、これらを電子写真装置に装着した場合に、電子写真感光体と現像部材との距離が一定に保たれ、現像時における画像ムラや転写時における画像ズレがなく、高画質な画像を出力することができる。特に、カラー画像出力用の電子写真装置に本発明の切削方法により外周面が切削された円筒体を支持体として用いた電子写真感光体や現像部材を装着すれば、各色像を重ね合わせた際の画像ムラを防止することができる。 As described above, according to the cutting method of the present invention, a cylindrical body suitably used as a support for an electrophotographic member can be obtained. The cylindrical body whose outer peripheral surface is cut by the cutting method of the present invention has good outer diameter uniformity. If the cylindrical body whose outer peripheral surface is cut by the cutting method of the present invention is used as a support for an electrophotographic photosensitive member or a developing member (developing sleeve or developing roller), the electrophotographic photosensitive member can be used when these are mounted on an electrophotographic apparatus. The distance between the body and the developing member is kept constant, and there is no image unevenness during development and no image shift during transfer, and a high-quality image can be output. In particular, when an electrophotographic photosensitive member or developing member using a cylindrical body whose outer peripheral surface is cut by the cutting method of the present invention as a support is attached to an electrophotographic apparatus for color image output, each color image is superimposed. Image unevenness can be prevented.
なお、本発明の切削方法により外周面が切削された円筒体は、電子写真感光体や現像部材の支持体としてだけでなく、その他の電子写真用部材、例えば帯電ローラー、送りローラー、定着ローラーなどにも好適に用いることができる。 The cylindrical body whose outer peripheral surface has been cut by the cutting method of the present invention is not only used as a support for an electrophotographic photosensitive member or a developing member, but also for other electrophotographic members such as a charging roller, a feeding roller, and a fixing roller. Also, it can be suitably used.
図4に、本発明の電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジを備えた電子写真装置の概略構成の一例を示す。 FIG. 4 shows an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
図4において、1は円筒状の電子写真感光体であり、軸2を中心に矢印方向に所定の周速度で回転駆動される。 In FIG. 4, reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member, which is rotationally driven in a direction of an arrow about a shaft 2 at a predetermined peripheral speed.
回転駆動される電子写真感光体1の表面は、帯電手段(一次帯電手段:帯電ローラーなど)3により、正または負の所定電位に均一に帯電され、次いで、スリット露光やレーザービーム走査露光などの露光手段(不図示)から出力される露光光(画像露光光)4を受ける。こうして電子写真感光体1の表面に、目的の画像に対応した静電潜像が順次形成されていく。 The surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 that is rotationally driven is uniformly charged to a predetermined positive or negative potential by a charging unit (primary charging unit: charging roller or the like) 3, and then subjected to slit exposure, laser beam scanning exposure, or the like. Exposure light (image exposure light) 4 output from exposure means (not shown) is received. In this way, electrostatic latent images corresponding to the target image are sequentially formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.
電子写真感光体1の表面に形成された静電潜像は、現像部材(現像スリーブや現像ローラーなど)を有する現像手段5の現像剤に含まれるトナーにより現像されてトナー像となる。次いで、電子写真感光体1の表面に形成担持されているトナー像が、転写手段(転写ローラーなど)6からの転写バイアスによって、転写材供給手段(不図示)から電子写真感光体1と転写手段6との間(当接部)に電子写真感光体1の回転と同期して取り出されて給送された転写材(紙など)Pに順次転写されていく。 The electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is developed with toner contained in the developer of the developing unit 5 having a developing member (developing sleeve, developing roller, etc.) to become a toner image. Next, the toner image formed and supported on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is transferred from a transfer material supply means (not shown) to the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and the transfer means by a transfer bias from a transfer means (transfer roller or the like) 6. 6 (contact portion) is sequentially transferred onto a transfer material (paper or the like) P taken out and fed in synchronization with the rotation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.
トナー像の転写を受けた転写材Pは、電子写真感光体1の表面から分離されて定着手段8へ導入されて像定着を受けることにより画像形成物(プリント、コピー)として装置外へプリントアウトされる。 The transfer material P that has received the transfer of the toner image is separated from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and introduced into the fixing means 8 to receive the image fixing, and is printed out as an image formed product (print, copy). Is done.
トナー像転写後の電子写真感光体1の表面は、クリーニング手段(クリーニングブレードなど)7によって転写残りの現像剤(トナー)の除去を受けて清浄面化され、さらに前露光手段(不図示)からの前露光光(不図示)により除電処理された後、繰り返し画像形成に使用される。なお、図4に示すように、帯電手段3が帯電ローラーなどを用いた接触帯電手段である場合は、前露光は必ずしも必要ではない。 The surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 after the transfer of the toner image is cleaned by a cleaning means (cleaning blade or the like) 7 to remove the developer (toner) remaining after transfer, and further from a pre-exposure means (not shown). After being subjected to charge removal processing by pre-exposure light (not shown), it is repeatedly used for image formation. As shown in FIG. 4, when the charging unit 3 is a contact charging unit using a charging roller or the like, pre-exposure is not always necessary.
上述の電子写真感光体1、帯電手段3、現像手段5、転写手段6およびクリーニング手段7などの構成要素のうち、複数のものを容器に納めてプロセスカートリッジとして一体に結合して構成し、このプロセスカートリッジを複写機やレーザービームプリンターなどの電子写真装置本体に対して着脱自在に構成してもよい。図4では、電子写真感光体1と、帯電手段3、現像手段5およびクリーニング手段7とを一体に支持してカートリッジ化して、電子写真装置本体のレールなどの案内手段10を用いて電子写真装置本体に着脱自在なプロセスカートリッジ9としている。
Among the above-described components such as the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, the charging unit 3, the developing unit 5, the transfer unit 6 and the cleaning unit 7, a plurality of components are housed in a container and integrally combined as a process cartridge. The process cartridge may be configured to be detachable from an electrophotographic apparatus main body such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. In FIG. 4, the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, the charging unit 3, the developing unit 5 and the cleaning unit 7 are integrally supported to form a cartridge, and the electrophotographic apparatus is used by using a
以下に、具体的な実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。ただし、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。なお、実施例中の「部」は「質量部」を意味する。また、実施例中の幾何偏差の定義はJIS−B0021、JIS−B0621による。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these. In the examples, “part” means “part by mass”. The definition of the geometric deviation in the examples is based on JIS-B0021 and JIS-B0621.
(実施例1)
押し出し加工、引き抜き加工により製造された中空パイプ(アルミニウム合金JIS−A3003、線膨張係数は23.2×10−6)を切断して、外径60.4mm、内径58.6mm、長さ364mmの円筒体(素管)を得た。
(Example 1)
A hollow pipe (aluminum alloy JIS-A3003, linear expansion coefficient is 23.2 × 10 −6 ) manufactured by extrusion and drawing is cut to have an outer diameter of 60.4 mm, an inner diameter of 58.6 mm, and a length of 364 mm. A cylindrical body (element tube) was obtained.
次に、円筒体(素管)の内径部を保持し、両端部に切削加工を施して、全長360mm、端面直角度50μm以下、端面平行度10μm以下に仕上げ、さらに外側、内側とも0.2Cの面取りを行った。 Next, the inner diameter part of the cylindrical body (element tube) is held, and both ends are cut to finish to a total length of 360 mm, an end face perpendicularity of 50 μm or less, and an end face parallelism of 10 μm or less. Chamfered.
次に、旋盤加工用の装置(商品名:RL−700、エグロ(株)製、図5に示されるような構成)によって上記円筒体(素管)を被加工物としてその外周面を切削加工した。室温は20℃で切削前の円筒体(素管)の温度も同じく20℃であった。なお、図5中、101、102、103、104、105、106、107、108、109、110は、図1と同様、順に、円筒体、切削開始時に切削バイト109が当接する側、保持手段、切削終了時に切削バイト109が当接する側(切削終了側)、保持手段、回転手段、ガイドレール、切削バイト固定台、切削バイト、切削バイト109の移動方向である。
Next, the outer peripheral surface is cut by using the above cylindrical body (element tube) as a workpiece by a lathe machining apparatus (trade name: RL-700, manufactured by Egro Co., Ltd., as shown in FIG. 5). did. The room temperature was 20 ° C., and the temperature of the cylindrical body (element tube) before cutting was also 20 ° C. 5, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 are in the same order as in FIG. 1, the cylindrical body, the side on which the cutting
次に、加温手段111により円筒体(素管)切削開始側を加温し、切削開始側の温度T1=28℃に調整してから切削を開始した。 Next, the cylindrical body (element tube) cutting start side was heated by the heating means 111, and the cutting was started after adjusting the temperature T 1 = 28 ° C. on the cutting start side.
加工条件は、保持手段としてはテーパー形状のクランプを用い、主軸回転速度は3500rpm、被加工物である円筒体(素管)1回転あたりの送りピッチは0.08mm/revとし、初めにR0.2の焼結ダイヤモンド製バイトで切り込み量0.2mmとして荒切削を行い、さらにR6の焼結ダイヤモンド製バイトで切り込み量0.03mmとして仕上げ切削を行った。切削終了側の温度T2は30℃となった。 Machining conditions were as follows: a taper-shaped clamp was used as the holding means, the spindle rotation speed was 3500 rpm, the feed pitch per rotation of the cylinder (element tube) being the workpiece was 0.08 mm / rev, and R0. A rough cutting was performed with a cutting diamond cutting tool of No. 2 with a cutting depth of 0.2 mm, and a final cutting with a cutting diamond cutting tool of R6 with a cutting depth of 0.03 mm. Temperature T 2 of the cutting completion side became 30 ° C..
このようにして外周面の切削を行った円筒体は、切削開始側端部から20mmの位置で外径59.940mm、長さ360.0mmであった。この円筒体をレーザー測長機((株)シンコウ製)で切削開始側端部から20mm部分の円筒体の外径を45度づつ回転させて4点測定し、平均値をとって切削開始側端部外径とした。また、切削終了側端部から20mm部分の円筒体の外径も45度づつ回転させて4点測定し、平均値をとって切削終了側端部外径とした。結果を表1に示す。 The cylindrical body whose outer peripheral surface was cut in this way had an outer diameter of 59.940 mm and a length of 360.0 mm at a position 20 mm from the end portion on the cutting start side. This cylindrical body is measured with a laser length measuring machine (manufactured by Shinko Co., Ltd.) by rotating the outer diameter of the 20 mm portion of the cylindrical body by 45 degrees from the end of the cutting start side, measuring four points, and taking the average value to start cutting. The outer diameter of the end was used. Further, the outer diameter of the 20 mm portion cylindrical body from the end portion on the cutting end side was also rotated by 45 degrees and measured at four points, and the average value was taken as the outer diameter on the end portion on the cutting end side. The results are shown in Table 1.
次に、旋盤加工を施した円筒体を界面活性剤(商品名:バンライズ20S、常盤化学(株)製)の10%水溶液に浸漬し、超音波をかけながら2分間脱脂洗浄した。さらに、脱イオン水のシャワーによるリンス後、80℃の脱イオン水中に浸漬加温した後、30mm/sで引き上げて乾燥した(温水引き上げ法)。 Next, the lathe-finished cylindrical body was immersed in a 10% aqueous solution of a surfactant (trade name: Van Rise 20S, manufactured by Tokiwa Chemical Co., Ltd.) and degreased and washed for 2 minutes while applying ultrasonic waves. Further, after rinsing with a shower of deionized water, heating was performed by immersing in deionized water at 80 ° C., followed by drying at 30 mm / s (hot water pulling method).
乾燥後の円筒体を支持体とした。 The cylindrical body after drying was used as a support.
次に、SnO2コート処理硫酸バリウム(導電性粒子)9部、酸化チタン(抵抗調整用)5部、フェノール樹脂6部、および、メタノール3部/メトキシプロパノール23部の混合溶剤を分散して、導電層用塗布液を調製した。 Next, a mixed solvent of 9 parts SnO 2 coated barium sulfate (conductive particles), 5 parts titanium oxide (for resistance adjustment), 6 parts phenol resin, and 3 parts methanol / 23 parts methoxypropanol was dispersed. A coating solution for a conductive layer was prepared.
この導電層用塗布液を、支持体上に浸漬塗布し、150℃で20分間熱硬化して、膜厚が15μmの導電層を形成した。 This conductive layer coating solution was dip coated on a support and thermally cured at 150 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a conductive layer having a thickness of 15 μm.
次に、ポリアミド樹脂(商品名:アミランCM8000、東レ(株)製)8部、および、メトキシメチル化6ナイロン樹脂(商品名:トレジンEF−30T、帝国化学(株)製)12部を、メタノール300部/n−ブタノール200部の混合溶剤に溶解して、中間層用塗布液を調製した。 Next, 8 parts of polyamide resin (trade name: Amilan CM8000, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) and 12 parts of methoxymethylated 6 nylon resin (trade name: Toresin EF-30T, manufactured by Teikoku Chemical Co., Ltd.) are mixed with methanol. An intermediate layer coating solution was prepared by dissolving in a mixed solvent of 300 parts / 200 parts of n-butanol.
この中間層用塗布液を、導電層上に浸漬塗布し、100℃で10分間熱風乾燥して、膜厚が0.8μmの中間層を形成した。 This intermediate layer coating solution was dip-coated on the conductive layer and dried in hot air at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.8 μm.
次に、下記式で示される構造を有するアゾ顔料(電荷発生物質)6部、 Next, 6 parts of an azo pigment (charge generation material) having a structure represented by the following formula:
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(商品名:BX−1、積水化学工業(株)製)5部、および、シクロヘキサノン70部を、ガラスビーズを用いたサンドミル装置で8時間分散し、エチルアセテート100部を加えて電荷発生層用塗布液を調製した。 Disperse 5 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin (trade name: BX-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 70 parts of cyclohexanone in a sand mill apparatus using glass beads for 8 hours, and add 100 parts of ethyl acetate to charge. A coating solution for the generation layer was prepared.
この電荷発生層用塗布液を、中間層上に浸漬塗布し、90℃で10分間加熱乾燥して、膜厚が0.23μmの電荷発生層を形成した。 This charge generation layer coating solution was dip-coated on the intermediate layer and dried by heating at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.23 μm.
次に、下記式で示される構造を有するアミン化合物8部、 Next, 8 parts of an amine compound having a structure represented by the following formula:
下記式で示される構造を有するアミン化合物4部、 4 parts of an amine compound having a structure represented by the following formula:
および、ビスフェノールZ型のポリカーボネート樹脂(商品名:ユーピロンZ−200、三菱ガス化学(株)製)10部を、モノクロロベンゼン80部/ジメトキシメタン20部の混合溶剤に溶解して電荷輸送層用塗布液を調製した。 Further, 10 parts of a bisphenol Z type polycarbonate resin (trade name: Iupilon Z-200, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) is dissolved in a mixed solvent of 80 parts of monochlorobenzene / 20 parts of dimethoxymethane and applied for a charge transport layer. A liquid was prepared.
この電荷輸送層用塗布液を、電荷発生層上に浸漬塗布し、130℃で40分間乾燥して、膜厚が14μmの電荷輸送層を形成した。 This charge transport layer coating solution was dip coated on the charge generation layer and dried at 130 ° C. for 40 minutes to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 14 μm.
このようにして、電荷輸送層が表面層である電子写真感光体を作製した。得られた電子写真感光体は外径60.0mm、長さ360.0mmとなった。 In this manner, an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a charge transport layer as a surface layer was produced. The obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member had an outer diameter of 60.0 mm and a length of 360.0 mm.
次に、ポリカーボネート製の端部係合部材(商品名:ユーピロン、三菱ガス化学社製)を、作製した電子写真感光体の端部に装着し、これをシアノアクリレート系接着剤(商品名:アロンアルファ:東亞合成(株)製)で固定し、電子写真感光体ユニットとした。 Next, an end engaging member made of polycarbonate (trade name: Iupilon, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc.) is attached to the end of the produced electrophotographic photosensitive member, and this is attached to a cyanoacrylate adhesive (trade name: Aron Alpha). : Toagosei Co., Ltd.) to prepare an electrophotographic photosensitive member unit.
このようにして作製した電子写真感光体ユニットを、4色タンデム式カラー複写機(製品名:カラーレーザーコピア5000、キヤノン(株)製)に装着して、ハーフトーン画像を出力して評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。なお、ハーフトーン画像の評価方法は、有効線1本と白線2本分が交互に縦方向、横方向に連続走査した画像を出力し、画像ムラとしては画像濃度差ΔE≦2を基準とした。 The electrophotographic photosensitive member unit thus produced is mounted on a four-color tandem color copier (product name: Color Laser Copier 5000, manufactured by Canon Inc.), and a halftone image is output for evaluation. It was. The results are shown in Table 1. The halftone image evaluation method outputs an image in which one effective line and two white lines are alternately scanned in the vertical and horizontal directions, and the image density difference ΔE ≦ 2 is used as a reference for image unevenness. .
(実施例2〜4)
実施例1において、切削開始側端部から20mmの位置で切削後の外径が59.940mmになるようにバイトの位置を調節し、切削する際の切削開始側の温度を表1に示すようにした以外は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
(Examples 2 to 4)
In Example 1, the position of the cutting tool is adjusted so that the outer diameter after cutting becomes 59.940 mm at a position 20 mm from the end portion on the cutting start side, and the temperature on the cutting start side when cutting is shown in Table 1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was changed. The results are shown in Table 1.
(比較例1)
実施例1において、切削開始側端部から20mmの位置で切削後の外径が59.940mmになるようにバイトの位置を調節し、加温手段111は動作させなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
(Comparative Example 1)
In Example 1, the position of the cutting tool was adjusted so that the outer diameter after cutting was 59.940 mm at a position 20 mm from the end portion on the cutting start side, and the heating means 111 was not operated. In the same manner as above, an electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
(比較例2)
実施例1において、円筒体の外周面の切削を、本発明の切削方法ではなく、従来技術(2)の方法で行った以外は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
(Comparative Example 2)
In Example 1, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body was cut by the method of the prior art (2) instead of the cutting method of the present invention. evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
(比較例3)
実施例1において、円筒体の外周面の切削を、本発明の切削方法ではなく、従来技術(3)の方法で行った以外は、実施例1と同様にして電子写真感光体を作製し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
(Comparative Example 3)
In Example 1, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body was cut by the method of the prior art (3) instead of the cutting method of the present invention. evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
比較例1では、円筒体の外径均一性が実施例より劣っていたため、それを支持体として用いた電子写真感光体の外径均一性も実施例より劣っており、出力画像には濃度ムラがあった。 In Comparative Example 1, since the outer diameter uniformity of the cylindrical body was inferior to that of the example, the outer diameter uniformity of the electrophotographic photosensitive member using the cylindrical body as a support was also inferior to that of the example. was there.
比較例2では、円筒体の外径均一性は良好であったが、円筒体の外周面には切削油によるシミが残留し、それを支持体として用いた電子写真感光体を用いて得られる出力画像には該シミ起因の画像欠陥があった。 In Comparative Example 2, the outer diameter uniformity of the cylindrical body was good, but a stain due to cutting oil remained on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body, and it was obtained using an electrophotographic photosensitive member using the same as a support. The output image had image defects due to the spots.
比較例3では、バイトと円筒体の軸との距離をデジタルで制御したため、その距離を完全に滑らかな変化させることができずに段差ができ、出力画像には該段差起因の色ムラがあった。 In Comparative Example 3, since the distance between the bite and the axis of the cylindrical body was digitally controlled, the distance could not be changed completely smoothly and a step was formed, and the output image had color unevenness due to the step. It was.
101 円筒体
102 切削開始時に切削バイト109が当接する側(切削開始側)
103 保持手段
104 切削終了時に切削バイト109が当接する側(切削終了側)
105 保持手段
106 回転手段
107 ガイドレール
108 切削バイト固定台
109 切削バイト
110 切削バイト109の移動方向
1 電子写真感光体
2 軸
3 帯電手段
4 露光光
5 現像手段
6 転写手段
7 クリーニング手段
8 定着手段
9 プロセスカートリッジ
10 案内手段
P 転写材
101
103 Holding means 104 Side on which
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (3)
0.010≧│R(T1−T2)A│ ・・・(1) Wherein the temperature of the cutting start side of the cylindrical body located in the contact portion between the cutting starting cylinder outer peripheral surface and the cutting byte and T 1 [℃], those of the cutting end of the cylinder outer peripheral surface and the cutting tool when the temperature of the cutting completion side of the cylindrical body located in the contact portion and T 2 [℃], the diameter of a circle cylindrical body before starting the cutting and R [mm], the linear expansion coefficient of the circular cylinder was a, The cutting start side of the cylindrical body located at the contact portion between the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body and the cutting bite at the start of cutting so that T 1 , T 2 , R and A satisfy the relationship represented by the following formula (1): the warmed, cutting method according to claim 1, characterized in that cutting the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical body.
0.010 ≧ | R (T 1 −T 2 ) A | (1)
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