JP4779753B2 - Manufacturing method of cylindrical tube for electrophotographic member, and electrophotographic member, electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus using cylindrical tube for electrophotographic member produced by the manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member, an electrophotographic member produced by the method, an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus.

  In general, image forming apparatuses such as copying machines, laser beam printers, facsimile machines, and printing machines that employ an electrophotographic system, so-called electrophotographic apparatuses, are electrostatic latent on an electrophotographic photosensitive member by charging by a charging means and exposure by an exposure means. An image is formed, and the electrostatic latent image is further developed by a developing unit to convert the electrostatic latent image into a visible image. As an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a drum-shaped photosensitive member (also called a photosensitive drum) is generally used.

  In this case, the raw tube processed into the cylindrical tube for the electrophotographic member as the support for the electrophotographic photosensitive member needs to be finished with a predetermined accuracy such as surface roughness, straightness, roundness, cylindricity, and uneven thickness. . That is, by setting these conditions such as surface roughness within a predetermined range, the distance between the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the developing sleeve is maintained constant, and image formation without defects such as image unevenness is realized. . Accordingly, the same accuracy as that of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is required with respect to the high accuracy of the developing sleeve facing the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

  In the manufacture of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, generally, after a blank tube is finished so as to be within a predetermined accuracy range, a layer such as a photosensitive layer is formed, and a driving member such as a gear or a flange is used as an electrophotographic photosensitive member. It is attached to the end of the. At this time, it is required that the central axis of the gear or flange and the central axis of the photosensitive drum coincide with each other, and the coincidence of both enables image formation with a constant peripheral speed on the outer peripheral surface and without distortion.

  In particular, in full-color image formation that superimposes each color image, high precision is required for cutting of the tube that is the material of the photosensitive drum from the viewpoint of preventing image defects such as color misregistration, color unevenness, and moire. It was.

  In general, as a material for processing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member as a support for an electrophotographic photosensitive member, in addition to aluminum and an aluminum alloy, a metal such as a metal such as copper, iron, nickel, titanium, or an alloy thereof is used. A non-metallic element tube such as an element tube, plastic, ceramic, glass, etc., subjected to a conductive treatment is used.

  When producing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member as a support for an electrophotographic photosensitive member using a raw tube made of such a material, first, the raw tube is produced through processes such as extrusion, drawing, and bending correction. Is done. The produced raw tube is cut into a predetermined length, and further processed into a support for an electrophotographic photosensitive member through a process in which the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of both ends are cut (for example, Patent Documents). 1 and 2).

  By the way, when cutting the outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of both ends of the raw pipe, there is a cutting technique using a holding means that holds the raw pipe by engaging with the inner peripheral face of the raw pipe. High precision cutting has been realized by cutting the outer peripheral surface while holding the raw tube by such holding means. On top of that, attempts have been made to further improve productivity, but it has been difficult to achieve.

  As a specific example of cutting the outer peripheral surface using the holding means, for example, a cylindrical holding member is pushed into both ends of the raw tube which has been cut to a predetermined length and the inner peripheral surface has been processed, There is one that holds the tube by pressing the clamp surface in the tube axis direction (see, for example, Patent Document 2). There is also a method of holding a raw tube using a collet chuck inside the raw tube (for example, see Patent Document 3).

According to these methods, it is possible to produce an outer peripheral surface having high accuracy, but it is necessary to process the inner peripheral surface with high accuracy in order to arrange the holding member inside the raw tube with high accuracy. It took time and effort. Therefore, a method is adopted in which the inner peripheral surfaces of both ends of the blank tube are tapered and the holding member is engaged along the tapered surfaces provided on the inner peripheral surface (see, for example, Patent Document 4). The holding member can be stably arranged inside the raw tube by processing with high accuracy. Furthermore, by measuring the central axis based on the outer peripheral surface and the central axis based on the inner peripheral surface in advance, the cutting accuracy can be improved by using the obtained central axis data for cutting. (See, for example, Patent Document 5).
JP-A-6-264920 JP-A-2-110570 JP-A-6-328303 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-66401 JP 2004-191824 A

  By the way, the above-mentioned technique performs a taper process on the inner peripheral surfaces of both ends of the raw tube or performs a measurement for calculating the central axis data. However, if these steps are also omitted, more advanced production is possible. It is expected that the improvement in performance can be realized. However, it is assumed that it is extremely difficult to omit these steps and realize high-accuracy cutting, as apparent from the above description.

  In other words, for high-precision machining, a holding jig with a taper was used as a holding method, and both ends of the raw pipe as a work were pressed and held, but continuous production was performed. In this case, when the workpiece is switched, the workpiece is dropped or it is not fixed to which side of the chucks at both ends, and it is difficult to manage the process work, and the productivity is remarkably lowered. Further, when the above holding method is performed, a fairly high pressure (about 490 N) is required when pushing into the engagement surface because the raw tube to be processed into the cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member needs to be accurately gripped. There was also a problem that the cylindrical tube was bent. In particular, when processing a cylindrical tube made of a relatively soft material, bending is a serious problem.

  In particular, it has recently been noted that full-color image formation in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus has the advantage of being able to create on-demand printed materials for the number of sheets ordered without causing a plate like printed materials. Has been. Therefore, in order to stably provide a full-color printed matter having an image quality comparable to that of the printed matter, a high-precision and high-productivity cutting technique is required for the processing of the electrophotographic photosensitive member support. Yes.

  For this purpose, not only the photoconductor but also the cylindrical tube of an electrophotographic member such as a developing roller (sleeve roller), a transfer roller, a cleaning roller, etc., are required to have high accuracy and low cost. .

  The present invention, when producing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member such as a support for an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a developing roller, a transfer roller, a fixing roller, or the like, without performing processing such as taper processing inside the raw tube of the material, An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member capable of efficiently performing high-accuracy cutting with a reliable and stable gripping chuck function.

  Furthermore, the present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a developing roller, a transfer roller, and the like that can obtain a stable full-color image free from image defects such as color misregistration by using a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member produced by the above production method. It is an object of the present invention to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus in which it is incorporated.

As a result of diligent study, the present inventor did not taper the raw pipe, of course, tapered the holding jig that holds both ends, and changed the taper angle with respect to both ends of the raw pipe, thereby waiting the robot. It is possible to attach and detach the cylindrical tube for electrophotographic members stably and stably on the side of the chuck attached to the arm, enable automatic operation for a long time, and be excellent in accuracy and cost. As a result, the present invention has been achieved. That is, the present invention constitutes the following technical means.
1. In a manufacturing method for manufacturing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member through a step of cutting the outer peripheral surface of the raw tube,
When cutting the outer peripheral surface by pressing and holding the raw tube in the axial direction with one holding jig from both ends thereof,
Each of the holding jigs has a portion that holds one of both ends of the raw tube processed into a conical surface, and taper angles that are ½ of the apex angle of the conical surface are θ1 and θ2, respectively.
θ1 <θ2
2 <θ2 / θ1 <15
2 ° ≦ θ1 ≦ 10 °, 10 ° ≦ θ2 ≦ 20 °
A method of manufacturing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member, characterized by having the following relationship:
2 . 2. The method for manufacturing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member according to claim 1, wherein the pressing force pressing in the axial direction is 100 to 300N.
3 . 3. The method for manufacturing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer peripheral surface is cut after inlay processing.
4 . An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member produced by the production method according to any one of items 1 to 3 .
5 . 4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to item 4 and at least one means selected from the group consisting of a charging means, a developing means, a transfer means and a cleaning means are integrally incorporated so as to be detachable from the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus. Process cartridge characterized by.
6 . Developing roller of said developing means, a transfer roller of the transfer unit, the production method of the cleaning roller and the electrophotographic member for the cylindrical tube according to any one of the at least one 1-3 Section of the fixing roller of the cleaning unit An electrophotographic member obtained by processing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member manufactured by the method described above.
7 . 5. An electrophotographic apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, and a transferring unit, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to item 4 is used.

  Moreover, as a method of holding the raw tube, a method of holding the holding member at both ends of the raw tube by applying pressure from both ends of the raw tube is preferable. Since it is not necessary to strictly manage assembly errors and the like as in the means for holding the raw tube by the radial pressing force, the equipment cost can be greatly reduced. Thereby, the manufacturing cost of the support can be further reduced. That is, this method is inexpensive and can be finished into a cylindrical surface with high shape accuracy (surface accuracy, roundness, and straightness).

  According to the present invention, when producing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member, high-accuracy cutting of the raw tube can be performed efficiently without performing processing such as taper processing inside the raw tube that is the material thereof. It became like. As a result, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member that can control surface roughness, straightness, roundness, cylindricity, thickness deviation, and the like with high accuracy.

  Also, by using the cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member produced by the above production method, an electrophotography capable of stably forming a good full-color image free from image defects such as color misregistration, color unevenness, and moire. It has become possible to provide a photosensitive member, a developing roller, a transfer roller, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus incorporating such electrophotographic members. Therefore, such an electrophotographic apparatus can provide on-demand full-color prints having image quality that is not inferior to that of printed materials. In particular, it is possible to make a living by receiving orders for such printed materials. The company's business can be greatly improved.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a set state of a work supported by left and right holding jigs having conical surfaces as an example of an embodiment of a support manufacturing method. Accordingly, the taper angles θ1 and θ2 are defined as follows.

  θ1 represents a half of the apex angle of the conical surface of the holding jig on the take-out chuck side, which is called a taper angle, and θ2 represents the apex of the conical surface of the holding jig on the side opposite to the take-out chuck side. It represents an angle that is half the angle and is also called a taper angle.

  The reason why the taper angles .theta.1 and .theta.2 of the holding jig of the present application are different is that the chuck waiting on one side is surely held as described above. However, it is necessary that the angle ratio θ2 / θ1 be twice or more. However, if the taper angle on one side is excessively large, the center axis is displaced and the accuracy is lowered. Therefore, the range of θ2 / θ1 that is easy to obtain accuracy needs to be less than 15 times. Further, it was necessary to satisfy 2 ° ≦ θ1 ≦ 10 °, 10 ° ≦ θ2 ≦ 20 °.

  In addition, if the taper angle is too low only on one side where θ1 is less than 2 °, the holding jig does not enter the cylindrical tube smoothly when holding, causing a decrease in accuracy, and if θ2 exceeds 20 °, an axis deviation occurs. After all, accuracy will fall.

  FIG. 2 is a front view showing an example of an apparatus for cutting an outer peripheral surface of a raw tube as a work of a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a cylindrical tube or a support) in the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to this example.

  In addition to the photosensitive member, the electrophotographic member picked up in the present invention includes a developing roller (sleeve roller), a transfer roller cleaning roller, and the like. In this embodiment, an electrophotographic member cylinder mainly used for the photosensitive member. A method for manufacturing the tube will be described.

  Tapered holding jig materials include metals such as high-hardness iron with an HRc hardness of 55 or higher, and alloys thereof, but SK materials are hardened and polished from the standpoint of durability. It is preferable because slip hardly occurs.

  The pressing force of the holding jig on the raw tube is preferably 100 to 300N. In order to obtain accuracy, it is necessary to abut fairly firmly. Therefore, 100N or more is preferable, but if the pressing force is too high, warping occurs when the material is soft, and conversely, the accuracy is lowered. This is particularly important in the case of a soft element tube having a high purity of aluminum.

  The holding jigs 38 and 37 attached to the left and right posts 38 a and 37 a have a shape that engages with the end portions 11 b and 11 a of the raw tube 11. The end of the cylindrical tube (support) may be processed to provide a tapered surface, but it is preferable not to process it in terms of cost.

  As the material of the base tube 11 used in the present invention, for example, a metal such as aluminum, copper, iron, nickel, titanium, and alloys thereof, plastics, ceramics, glass, and the like are subjected to conductive treatment. . Among these, aluminum and aluminum alloys are preferable. Examples of the aluminum alloy include aluminum alloys such as JIS 3000 series, JIS 5000 series, and JIS 6000 series. It can be said that the support is preferably an aluminum alloy system having a high hardness because the accuracy can be maintained.

  The method of manufacturing the raw tube 11 is determined in consideration of accuracy, cost, and the like. For example, a tube material such as an aluminum alloy manufactured by extrusion or drawing is cut into a predetermined length or further cut. And a method of manufacturing (cutting or the like) an end face of the sword.

  In the case of a support used for an electrophotographic photosensitive member for an electrophotographic apparatus (digital electrophotographic apparatus) that uses a laser beam as exposure light (image exposure light) of the exposure means, the laser beam is reflected on the surface of the support. In order to prevent interference fringes caused by this, the manufactured support surface may be roughened.

The cylindricity of the cylindrical tube produced in the present invention is 5 to 30 μm, preferably 5 to 22 μm. If it is larger than 30 μm, the color reproducibility and color deviation in a high-speed color machine cannot be maintained. If it is smaller than 5 μm, the yield is deteriorated and disadvantageous in cost.
The cylindricity of the present invention substantially means the cylindricity of the area where image formation is performed, and excludes the fluctuation area of the photosensitive layer thickness at both ends where image formation is not performed.

  The cylindricity of the cylindrical tube in the present invention is based on JIS standard (B0621-1984). That is, when the cylindrical substrate is sandwiched between two coaxial geometric cylinders, it is represented by the difference in radius at the position where the distance between the two coaxial cylinders is minimum. In the present invention, the difference in radius is represented by μm.

  The method for measuring cylindricity according to the present invention measures and determines the roundness of a total of 7 points, that is, 2 points 10 mm on both ends of the cylindrical substrate, 4 points of the center part, and 4 points obtained by equally dividing the distance between the ends. The measuring device used was a non-contact universal roll diameter measuring machine (manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation).

  The surface roughness of the support is preferably 0.3 μm or more in Rz.

  As the surface roughening treatment method, a method utilizing the good support obtained by the production method of the present invention is preferable, and examples include honing treatment and anodizing treatment in addition to control by cutting.

  The honing treatment includes a wet (liquid) honing treatment and a dry honing treatment, either of which may be used.

  The wet honing treatment is a method of suspending a powdery abrasive (abrasive grains) in a liquid such as water and spraying it on the surface of the support at a high speed to roughen the surface. It can be controlled by speed, amount, type, shape, size, hardness, specific gravity, suspension temperature and the like of the abrasive.

  The dry honing process is a method in which an abrasive is sprayed onto the support surface with air at a high speed to roughen the surface, and the surface roughness can be controlled in the same manner as the wet honing process.

  Examples of the abrasive used for the wet honing treatment and the dry honing treatment include particles such as silicon carbide, alumina, zirconia, stainless steel, iron, glass beads, and plastic shot.

  When an electrophotographic photosensitive member is produced using a support (cylindrical tube) produced by the production method of the present invention, the photosensitive layer formed on the support comprises a single charge generating substance and charge transporting substance. The photosensitive layer is roughly divided into a single layer type photosensitive layer contained in a layer, a laminated type photosensitive layer in which a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material are laminated. In the case of a laminated type photosensitive layer, even if it is a normal type photosensitive layer laminated in the order of the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer from the support side, the reverse layer type photosensitive layer laminated in the order of the charge transport layer and the charge generation layer from the support side. It may be. From the viewpoint of electrophotographic characteristics, a laminated photosensitive layer is preferable, and a normal photosensitive layer is more preferable among them.

  Examples of the charge generating material used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention include pyrylium dyes, thiapyrylium dyes, phthalocyanine pigments, anthanthrone pigments, dibenzpyrenequinone pigments, pyranthrone pigments, azo pigments (trisazo pigments, disazo pigments, monoazos). Pigments), indigo pigments, quinacridone pigments, asymmetric quinocyanines, and the like. In particular, in the case of an electrophotographic photoreceptor for a digital electrophotographic apparatus, among the above charge generating materials, in response to infrared lasers and visible light lasers, phthalocyanine has a wide photosensitivity to those wavelengths. Pigments and azo pigments are preferable, and among these, phthalocyanine pigments are more preferable. Among the phthalocyanine pigments, oxytitanium phthalocyanine, hydroxygallium phthalocyanine, and chlorogallium phthalocyanine are more preferable from the viewpoint of higher sensitivity.

  Examples of the charge transport material used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention include compounds such as various hydrazones, pyrazolines, oxazole compounds, thiazole compounds, triarylmethane compounds, triallylamine compounds, and polyarylalkanes. Can be mentioned.

  The charge generation material and the charge transport material are combined with an appropriate binder resin and coated on a support to form a photosensitive layer.

  Examples of the binder resin for the photosensitive layer include polyvinyl acetal, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polystyrene, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylic acid ester, acrylic resin, and cellulose resin.

  In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, a protective layer may be provided on the photosensitive layer for the purpose of protecting the photosensitive layer. As main materials constituting the protective layer, for example, polyester, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polycarbonate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyimide, polyamideimide, polysulfone, polyacryl ether, polyacetal, nylon, phenol resin, Examples thereof include resins such as acrylic resins, silicon resins, epoxy resins, urea resins, allyl resins, alkyd resins, butyral resins, and polymerization curing systems and isocyanate curing systems of the above polymers.

  In these resins, organic resins and resin fine particles such as polytetrafluoroethylene, poly (vinylidene fluoride), fluorine atom-containing graft polymers, silicon atom-containing graft polymers, silicon are used to improve cleaning properties and abrasion resistance. Lubricants such as oil may be included, inorganic particles such as silica, alumina and titania may be included, or particles such as tin oxide and conductive titanium oxide are included for resistance control of the protective layer. You may let them.

  In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, an intermediate layer may be provided between the support and the photosensitive layer. The intermediate layer is a layer for improving the adhesion of the photosensitive layer, protecting the support, improving the charge injection from the support, protecting the electrophotographic photoreceptor from electrical breakdown, and the like. Examples of the material for the intermediate layer include polyvinyl alcohol, poly-N-vinylimidazole, polyethylene oxide, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer, casein, polyamide, copolymer nylon, glue, gelatin, silane coupling agent, Examples include reactants such as organometallic compounds. Further, a filler may be included for preventing interference fringes.

  FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional configuration diagram of a color image forming apparatus as an example of an electrophotographic apparatus equipped with a process cartridge having a photoconductor using a cylindrical tube (support) manufactured by the method of the present invention.

  This color image forming apparatus is called a tandem type color image forming apparatus, and a plurality of sets of image forming units 10Y (yellow image forming units), 10M (magenta image forming units), 10C (cyan image forming units). ) 10Bk (black image forming unit), an endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body unit 7, a paper feeding / conveying means 21 and a fixing means 24. A document image reading device SC is disposed on the upper part of the main body A of the image forming apparatus.

  The image forming unit of the present invention has at least an organic photoreceptor and means necessary for forming a toner image on the organic photoreceptor, that is, charging means, exposure means, developing means, and means for transferring the toner image to a transfer material. The basic unit of an image forming mechanism capable of repeatedly forming an electrophotographic image for each single color. Hereinafter, a description will be given with reference to FIG.

  In FIG. 3, an image forming unit 10Y for forming a yellow image includes a charging unit 2Y, an exposing unit 3Y, a developing unit 4Y, and a primary unit arranged around a drum-shaped photoconductor 1Y as a first image carrier. Primary transfer roller 5Y as transfer means, pre-charge film 6Y for applying a charge of the same polarity as the charging means to the residual toner on the photoreceptor, and charge leveling members 7Y1 and 7Y2 for uniformizing the distribution of residual toner on the photoreceptor Have An image forming unit 10M for forming a magenta image includes a drum-shaped photoconductor 1M as a first image carrier, a charging unit 2M, an exposure unit 3M, a developing unit 4M, a primary transfer roller 5M as a primary transfer unit, A pre-charge film 6M for applying a charge of the same polarity as that of the charging means to the residual toner on the photoconductor, and charging leveling members 7M1 and 7M2 for equalizing the distribution of the residual toner on the photoconductor Any of these members corresponds to the auxiliary charging means of the present invention). An image forming unit 10C for forming a cyan image includes a drum-shaped photoreceptor 1C as a first image carrier, a charging unit 2C, an exposure unit 3C, a developing unit 4C, and a primary transfer roller 5C as a primary transfer unit. A precharge film 6C for applying a charge of the same polarity as the charging means to the residual toner on the photoconductor, and charging leveling members 7C1 and 7C2 for making the distribution of the residual toner on the photoconductor uniform. The image forming unit 10Bk for forming a black image includes a drum-shaped photoconductor 1Bk as a first image carrier, a charging unit 2Bk, an exposure unit 3Bk, a developing unit 4Bk, a primary transfer roller 5Bk as a primary transfer unit, and a photoconductor. A pre-charge film 6Bk for applying a charge of the same polarity as the charging means to the residual toner on the upper side, and charging leveling members 7Bk1 and 7Bk2 for making the distribution of the residual toner on the photosensitive member uniform.

  The developing means 4Y, 4M, 4C, and 4Bk have developing rollers 4Yr, 4Mr, 4Cr, and 4Bkr that develop the electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor. A developing bias potential (Vbs) positioned between the exposed portion potential (Vw) and the exposed portion potential (Vb) is loaded, and reversal development is performed. By appropriately setting the developing bias potential, fog (including black spots) that easily occurs during reversal development is prevented, and the toner adhering to the unexposed portion of the photoreceptor is attracted to the developing roller and collected. be able to. The development bias potential is preferably set to a value 50 to 400 V lower than the unexposed portion potential (Vw) at the development position, more preferably 100 to 350 V.

  The endless belt-like intermediate transfer body unit 7 includes an endless belt-like intermediate transfer body 70 as a second image carrier having a semiconductive endless belt shape that is wound around a plurality of rollers and is rotatably supported.

  Each color image formed by the image forming units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10Bk is sequentially transferred onto a rotating endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70 by primary transfer rollers 5Y, 5M, 5C, and 5Bk as primary transfer means. Thus, a synthesized color image is formed. A sheet P as a recording material (a support for carrying a fixed final image: for example, plain paper, transparent sheet, etc.) housed in the sheet feeding cassette 20 is fed by a sheet feeding means 21 and has a plurality of intermediate rollers. After passing through 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D and the registration roller 23, it is conveyed to the secondary transfer roller 5A as the secondary transfer means, and is secondarily transferred onto the paper P, and the color images are collectively transferred. The paper P on which the color image has been transferred is fixed by the fixing unit 24, is sandwiched between the paper discharge rollers 25, and is placed on a paper discharge tray 26 outside the apparatus.

  On the other hand, after the color image is transferred onto the sheet P by the secondary transfer roller 5A as the secondary transfer unit, the residual toner is removed by the cleaning unit 6A from the endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70 from which the sheet P is separated by curvature.

  During the image forming process, the primary transfer roller 5Bk is always in pressure contact with the photoreceptor 1Bk. The other primary transfer rollers 5Y, 5M, and 5C are in pressure contact with the corresponding photoreceptors 1Y, 1M, and 1C, respectively, only during color image formation.

  The secondary transfer roller 5A comes into pressure contact with the endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70 only when the sheet P passes through the secondary transfer roller 5A and secondary transfer is performed.

  Further, the housing 8 can be pulled out from the apparatus main body A through the support rails 82L and 82R.

  The casing 8 constitutes a process cartridge including image forming units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10Bk and an endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body unit 7. However, the process cartridge is not limited to this, and can be configured in combination with several elements of the photoreceptor and the peripheral functions associated therewith.

  The image forming units 10Y, 10M, 10C, and 10Bk are arranged in tandem in the vertical direction. An endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body unit 7 is disposed on the left side of the photoreceptors 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1Bk in the drawing. The endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body unit 7 includes an endless belt-shaped intermediate transfer body 70 that can be rotated by winding rollers 71, 72, 73, 74, primary transfer rollers 5Y, 5M, 5C, 5Bk, and cleaning means 6A. Consists of.

  In the present invention, it is preferable to use a cutting tool made of polycrystalline diamond sintered body or single crystal diamond as a cutting tool. As the bite made of single crystal diamond, the nose shape may be either flat or R. In the case of the R shape, it is preferable to use a round nose radius R of 20 mm or more. As a bite made of a polycrystalline diamond sintered body, either flat or R may be used as the nose shape, but it is preferable to use one having a particle size of about 0.5 μm, and the shape is easy to set up. In view of the properties, it is preferable to use a bit having an R shape and a radius R of a nose radius of 20 mm or more. By using a nose having a large radius of rounding, the maximum height Rmax in the feed pitch of the cutting tool becomes small and a smooth shape is obtained, and the machined surface is easy to clean. Further, by increasing the radius R of the nose roundness, when the maximum height Rmax is the same, the feed pitch of the cutting tool can be increased, which is also effective for the tact time.

  During this cutting process, a cutting fluid is usually used. This cutting fluid is used for the purpose of cooling, lubrication, cleaning, etc. Specifically, petroleum-based, polybutene-based, kerosene-based, white kerosene-based, aqueous-based emulsion, or aqueous-based liquids are used. Is done. For example, oil may be used as disclosed in JP-A-11-344822. For example, in the case of an oil-based cutting fluid, a hydrocarbon-based compound can be mentioned, for example, one having 7 to 25 carbon atoms, and preferably one having 10 to 25 carbon atoms. If the number of carbon atoms is 6 or less, the evaporation rate of the cutting agent is high, and there may be a problem in lubricity. On the other hand, if the number of carbon atoms is 26 or more, the viscosity becomes high and the supply cannot catch up, so that fine cracks are generated and the finished surface tends to be rough.

  Specific examples of the linear paraffin include n-hexadecane having 16 carbon atoms and 20 n-eicosane. Examples of the isoparaffin include 7-methyltridecane having 14 carbon atoms and 19 7-n-hexyltri There is a decane. Also, monocyclic naphthene is 9-cyclohexylheptadecane having 23 carbon atoms, polycyclic naphthene is 1,2-dicyclohexylethane having 14 carbon atoms, and monocyclic aromatic is 7-phenyl having 19 carbon atoms. Examples of tridecane and polycyclic aromatics include 1,2-diphenylethane having 14 carbon atoms. Moreover, the said compound can also be used in mixture of multiple types or it can mix with other things.

  Here, the supply amount of these cutting fluids is preferably 0.003 ml / min or more from the viewpoint of obtaining a good cooling action, lubrication action and cleaning action. When the supply amount is 0.003 ml / min or less, the lubrication effect is insufficient, and stick-slip-like scratches may occur on the surface of the support processed from the raw tube.

  As the surface processing conditions, the main shaft rotation speed is 3000 to 8000 rpm, the notch is 10 to 200 μm, and the feed pitch is 0.1 to 0.4 mm / rev or less. To achieve both productivity and performance, 0.19 ˜0.4 mm / rev is preferred. Note that the rotation speed of the main shaft cannot be generally defined because the optimum value varies depending on the outer diameter of the tubular substrate.

  The machine tool that can be used for surface processing from the raw tube to the support is not particularly limited, but in principle, for example, as shown in a side view of FIG. 4 (from JP-A-11-344822), a method of manufacturing the support A machine tool (a lathe for substrate processing) equipped with a sprayer used in the above. In FIG. 4, 11 is an element tube as a drum-shaped workpiece, 12 is a magnet base, 13 is a holder, 14 is an atomizer, 15 is a spray nozzle, 16 is a cutting fluid container, and 17 is an air valve for operation. , 35 is a cutting tool (bite). And the members of 12-17 comprise the spraying apparatus as shown also in the perspective view of FIG. When the operator steps on the operation air valve 17 with his / her foot, air is sent to the atomizer 14, and the cutting fluid is sprayed from the spray nozzle 15 of the cutting fluid container 16 between the cutting tool (bite) 35 and the base tube 11 as a workpiece. It is sprayed in the form of mist on the contact part. A specific example of the cutting fluid spraying apparatus is “Magic Cut” (manufactured by Fuso Seiki Co., Ltd.). Although not shown in the figure, the support can be attached and detached from the robot arm.

EXAMPLES Next, although this invention is demonstrated still in detail according to an Example, this invention is not limited by these Examples.
<Manufacture of support>
1. Support No. Preparation of 1 An aluminum drawn tube (cylindrical shape) 11 having an outer diameter of 60 mm, a thickness of 1.0 mm, and a length of 362 mm according to JIS-3000, 5000, A6063 was prepared.

  The inner tube 11 was clamped from the outside of the center part, the inner diameter of the inlay process was 58.40 mm, and the end part was chamfered by 45 degrees. (The inlay process is made by Egro, using a precision CNC double-sided machine BS).

Thereafter, the both ends of the tube 11 which is the cylindrical base body are gripped by the tapered surfaces of the gripping portions 38e and 37e using the left work holder 38 and the right work holder 37 as shown in FIG. The substrate surface was cut with reference to the inner diameter of the inlay processed portion of the support. The cutting machine 40 uses SPA-5 manufactured by Changun Factory, which is a base 30, a table support 31, a slide table 32, left and right posts 37a, 38a, left and right workpiece holders 37, 38 and a cutting tool 35. And a lathe having its mounting base and the like. The left holding tool was directly connected to the drive unit, and the taper angle was set to θ1 = 5 degrees, and the taper angle of the right holding jig was set to θ2 = 15 degrees.
The pressure P was set to 294N (30 kgf) when the pressure was applied from both ends of the support.

  This can be made much lower than the conventional pressing load of 490 N (50 kgf). Even if the above-mentioned JIS-3000, 4000 class hardness of the relatively soft material is used, the chuck angle is stable on one side as a result of the difference in taper angle between the left and right holding jigs. In addition, since the pressing force can be reduced in this way, good machining was stably performed without lowering the machining accuracy of the cylindrical tube (support).

One of the cutting tools (bite) 35 is a roughing cutting tool (bite) using a sintered diamond nose radius 20 mm (denoted as R20, the same applies hereinafter), and then a finishing cutting tool (bite). As an example, an R8 sintered diamond tool was used.
For both rough cutting and finish cutting, the rotational speed of the cutting member is slowly increased to 10000 rpm, and then the feed pitch of the cutting member per rotation of the cutting member (the speed of parallel movement in the same direction as the longitudinal direction of the tube) ) Is 0.08 mm / rev and the cutting amount of the cutting blade into the pipe is 0.07 mm, and the outer peripheral surface of the pipe 11 is cut while the cutting tool 35 is translated in the same direction as the longitudinal direction of the pipe 11. Then, a support was obtained. In this example, white kerosene-based cutting oil was used, and the supply amount was 0.01 ml / min.

  The raw tube 11 was stably held without being twisted by the cutting force of the cutting member, and high-precision cutting was possible. The tact time for cutting is 20 seconds when the tube 11 is attached and detached, and the obtained support is taken out by the robot arm, and the next tube 11 is automatically attached by the robot arm. In 1000 continuous automatic operations, the same one-side gripping state was confirmed at the time of workpiece replacement, and no mistakes were made.

  When the straightness and the cylindricity were measured for the first and 1000th substrates obtained after cutting, the first surface roughness Rz = 1.6 μm and the cylindricity as shown in Table 1. The surface roughness Rz was 1.8 μm, the cylindricity was 23 μm, and the straightness was 12 μm.

  The straightness in the present invention is based on the JIS standard (B0621-1984). That is, it indicates the diameter of the cylinder with the smallest diameter. The actual measuring method used the non-contact universal roll diameter measuring device (RA-5100 by Mitutoyo Corporation), and measured the deviation between the upper and lower 10 mm from the end of the cylindrical tube.

  Moreover, Rz of the surface roughness of the obtained support body was measured.

Rz (10-point average roughness) is a surface roughness meter Surfcoder SE-30H manufactured by Kosaka Laboratory Co., Ltd. with a cut-off of 0.8 mm and an evaluation length of 4 mm according to the values set in JIS B0601 (1994). Measured with The measuring speed is 0.1 mm / s, and the measuring needle diameter is Stylus: 2 μm. However, other measuring devices may be used as long as the measuring device produces the same result within the error range.
2. Support No. Production support Nos. 2 to 10 As in 1, the outer diameter of the support, the Al material, the cutting conditions, the angles θ1 and θ2 of the holding jig are changed, and the inlay processing, the cutting conditions, the setting of the robot arm, etc. are changed according to the outer diameter and length, Support No. In the same manner as in Example 1, 1000 continuous automatic operations were performed. However, the inlay process was not performed on the support having an outer diameter of 30 mm or less. The above results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. However, the surface roughness, cylindricity, and straightness are shown in Table 3 to be described later together with the photoconductor produced corresponding to the support and the image evaluation by the photoconductor.

  And the ratio that the chuck of the robot arm can be gripped on the same specific side was confirmed. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the No. 1-8 supports satisfying the angle condition of the present invention have a chuck grip rate of 100% on one side, and a stable continuous machining operation is smoothly performed. Was confirmed. However, it can be seen that the supports of Nos. 9 to 10 that do not satisfy the angle condition of the present invention are not in a state in which the chucking rate on one side is as bad as 97 to 98% and stable continuous operation is not possible.

<< Production of photoconductor >>
Using five 996-1000th supports, photoconductors were prepared as described below and subjected to color evaluation. “Parts” in the following description means parts by mass.
1. Photoconductor No. 1 (Prescription a)
Cylindrical support No. After washing 1, the following intermediate layer coating solution was prepared, and this coating solution was applied onto the support by a dip coating method and dried at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 1.0 μm.

<Intermediate layer (UCL) composition liquid>
Polyamide resin (Amilan CM-8000: manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) 60 parts Methanol 1600 parts 1-butanol 400 parts The following coating composition liquid was mixed and dispersed for 10 hours using a sand mill to prepare a charge generation layer coating liquid. This coating solution was applied onto the intermediate layer by a dip coating method to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.2 μm.

<Charge generation layer (CGL) composition liquid>
Titanyl phthalocyanine (a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment having a maximum diffraction peak at 27.3 ° by Cu-Kα characteristic X-ray diffraction spectrum measurement) 60 parts silicone resin solution (KR5240, 15% xylene-butanol solution: manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 700 Part 2-butanone 2000 parts The following coating composition solution was mixed and dissolved to prepare a charge transport layer coating solution. This coating solution was applied onto the charge generation layer by a dip coating method, and then dried at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm. Photoconductor No. Set to 1.

<Charge transport layer (CTL) composition solution>
Charge transport material (N- (4-methylphenyl) -N- {4- (β-phenylstyryl) phenyl} -p-toluidine) 200 parts Bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate (Iupilon Z300: manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company) 300 parts THF / Toluene (8/2 Vol mixing ratio) 2000 parts Photoconductor No. 2 (Prescription b)
Cylindrical support No. After washing 2, the following intermediate layer composition solution was applied by dip coating and dried at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 1.0 μm.
<Intermediate layer (UCL) composition liquid>
Zir0conium chelate compound ZC-540 (Matsumoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) 200 parts Silane coupling agent KBM-903 (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 100 parts Methanol 700 parts Ethanol 300 parts The following coating composition solution is mixed, and a sand mill is mixed. And dispersed for 10 hours to prepare a charge generation layer coating solution. This coating solution was applied onto the intermediate layer by a dip coating method to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.2 μm.

<Charge generation layer (CGL) composition liquid>
Titanyl phthalocyanine (a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment having a maximum diffraction peak at 27.3 ° by Cu-Kα characteristic X-ray diffraction spectrum measurement) 60 parts Silicone resin solution (KR5240, 15% xylene-butanol solution: manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 700 Part 2-butanone 2000 parts The following coating composition solution was mixed and dissolved to prepare a charge transport layer coating solution. This coating solution was applied onto the charge generation layer by a dip coating method to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm. Photoconductor No. 2.

<Charge transport layer (CTL) composition solution>
Charge transport material (N- (4-methylphenyl) -N- {4- (β-phenylstyryl) phenyl} -p-toluidine) 200 parts Bisphenol Z-type polycarbonate (Iupilon Z300: manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company) 300 parts THF / Toluene (8/2 Vol mixing ratio) 2000 parts Photoconductor No. 3 (Prescription b)
Cylindrical support No. Photoconductor No. 3 was used except that No. 3 was used. This was prepared in the same manner as in No. 2.
4). Photoconductor No. 4 (Prescription c)
Cylindrical support No. After washing 4, the following intermediate layer composition solution was applied by a dip coating method to form an intermediate layer having a dry film thickness of 2 μm.

  <Intermediate layer (UCL) composition solution> The following intermediate layer dispersion was diluted twice with the same mixed solvent, and allowed to stand overnight, then filtered (filter; rigesh mesh filter manufactured by Nihon Pall Co., Ltd., nominal filtration accuracy: 5 microns, pressure; 5 × 10 4 Pa) to prepare an intermediate layer composition liquid.

Intermediate layer dispersion Polyamide resin CM8000 (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) 1 part Titanium oxide SMT500SAS (manufactured by Teika; surface treatment is silica treatment, alumina treatment, and methylhydrogenpolysiloxane treatment) 3.0 parts Methanol 10 parts Disperser The intermediate layer dispersion was prepared by dispersing in a batch mode for 10 hours with a sand mill.

  The following composition liquid was mixed and dispersed using a sand mill to prepare a charge generation layer composition liquid. This composition solution was applied by a dip coating method to form a charge generation layer having a dry film thickness of 0.3 μm on the intermediate layer.

<Charge generation layer (CGL) composition liquid>
Titanyl phthalocyanine (a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment having a maximum diffraction peak at 27.3 ° by Cu-Kα characteristic X-ray diffraction spectrum measurement) 20 parts Polyvinyl butyral (# 6000-C, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo) 10 parts Acetic acid t- 700 parts of butyl 300 parts of 4-methoxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone The following composition liquid was mixed and dissolved to prepare a charge transport layer composition liquid. This composition solution was applied onto the charge generation layer with the circular amount-regulating coating device and dried at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a charge transport layer having a thickness of 24 μm. Photoconductor No. 6.

<Charge transport layer (CTL) composition solution>
Charge transport material (N- (4-methylphenyl) -N- {4- (β-phenylstyryl) phenyl} -p-toluidine) 75 parts Polycarbonate resin “Iupilon-Z300” (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company) 100 parts THF / Toluene (8/2 Vol mixing ratio) 750 parts Photoconductor No. 5 (Prescription c)
Cylindrical support No. Photoconductor No. 5 was used except that No. 5 was used. This was prepared in the same manner as in No. 4.
6). Photoconductor No. 6 (Prescription c)
Cylindrical support No. Photoconductor No. 6 was used except that No. 6 was used. This was prepared in the same manner as in No. 4.
7). Photoconductor No. 7 (Prescription c)
Cylindrical support No. Photoconductor No. 7 was used except that No. 7 was used. This was prepared in the same manner as in No. 4.
8). Photoconductor No. 8 (Prescription d)
Cylindrical support No. In place of cylindrical support No. 2 Photoconductor No. 8 was used except that No. 8 was used. In the same manner as in Example 2, the intermediate layer, the charge generation layer, and the charge transport layer were applied. Further, the following coating composition liquid was mixed and dissolved thereon to prepare a protective layer coating composition, which was applied on the CTL.

<Protective layer (OCL) composition solution> The molecular sieve 4A was added to 10 parts by mass of a polysiloxane resin composed of 80 mol% of methylsiloxane units and 20 mol% of methyl-phenylsiloxane units, and allowed to stand for 15 hours for dehydration treatment. This resin was dissolved in 10 parts by mass of toluene, and 5 parts by mass of methyltrimethoxysilane and 0.2 parts by mass of dibutyltin acetate were added thereto to make a uniform solution. 6 parts by mass of dihydroxymethyltriphenylamine was added thereto and mixed, and this solution was applied as a protective layer having a dry film thickness of 2 μm with a circular amount regulating type application device described in JP-A No. 58-189061, Heat curing was performed at 120 ° C. for 1 hour. Photoconductor No. Eight.
9. Photoconductor No. 9 (Prescription c) (Comparative Example 1)
Cylindrical support No. Photoconductor No. 9 was used except that No. 9 was used. This was prepared in the same manner as in No. 4.
10. Photoconductor No. 10 (Prescription c) (Comparative Example 2)
Cylindrical support No. Photoconductor No. 10 was used except that No. 10 was used. This was prepared in the same manner as in No. 4.
<< Evaluation of image quality >> Four photoconductors 1 to 10 are used, and a digital copier remodeling machine having the intermediate transfer member shown in FIG. 3 (changed to a photoconductor outer diameter of 10 to 100 mm, tandem using four photoconductors) A4 image with a white background, Bk, Y, M, and C solid (solid) image portion, character image portion, and halftone image on the original image. 20,000 sheets were printed and evaluated under normal temperature and normal humidity (20 ° C., 50% RH). Evaluation items, evaluation methods, and evaluation criteria are described below.

Dot reproducibility (evaluated with images after printing 20,000 sheets)
The dot images constituting the pixels were magnified and observed visually and with a 20 × magnifier, and evaluated according to the following criteria.

A: The dot pixels are clearly reproduced even in the magnifying glass observation. (Good)
○: Although it cannot be discerned by visual observation, toner dust is partially observed around the dot pixel or blur is generated in the loupe. (No problem in practical use)
X: The sharpness of the characters visually is inferior, and the occurrence of toner dust and blur around the dot pixels can be easily observed in the magnifier observation. (There are practical problems)
Color reproducibility (evaluated with images after printing 20,000 sheets)
Monochromatic Y, M, and C images were evaluated according to the following criteria.

A: Each single color is vividly reproduced. (Good)
○: Reproduction of each single color is good, but a slight roughness is seen in the single color image. No problem in practical use)
X: Image irregularity occurs in each single color or color mixture is apparent, and the vividness of the color is clearly insufficient. (There are practical problems)
(Sharpness)
The sharpness of the image was evaluated by squashing characters by producing images of each color in both low temperature and low humidity (10 ° C., 20% RH) and high temperature, high humidity (30 ° C., 80% RH) environments. 3-point and 5-point character images were formed and evaluated according to the following criteria.

◎: 3 points and 5 points are clear and easily readable ○: 3 points are partially unreadable 5 points are clear and easily readable ×: 3 points are almost unreadable Part or whole is unreadable (evaluation of color shift)
Skin tone and violet halftones were formed and observed with a magnifying glass (30 times) to evaluate color shift.

A: No color shift is observed at all. (Excellent)
○: Not observed visually, but very slightly (50 μm or less) observed with a loupe. (Good)
Δ: Slightly observed with a loupe (100 μm or less), but practically no problem. (Barely practical)
X: Color shift is observed visually. (Bad)
Process conditions for the above-mentioned digital copying machine Image formation line speed (photosensitive linear speed) L / S: 180 mm / s
Photoconductor (30mmφ) charging conditions Pre-charged film: 800-850V
Charge leveling member: 800-850V
Brush charging member: 800-850V
Exposure condition Exposure part potential target: Set to an exposure amount to be less than -50V.

Exposure beam: Image exposure with a dot density of 600 dpi (dpi is the number of dots per 2.54 cm) was performed. Laser uses a 780nm semiconductor laser. Development conditions (reversal development)
Development bias (| Vbs |): A potential 150 V lower than the unexposed portion potential (| Vw |) at the development position.

Intermediate transfer member: A seamless endless belt-like intermediate transfer member 70, a belt made of a semiconductive resin and having a volume resistivity of 1 × 10 ⁸ Ω · cm and Rz of 0.9 μm was used.

Primary transfer conditions Primary transfer roller (5Y, 5M, 5C, 5Bk (each 6.05 mmφ) in FIG. 1): Configuration in which elastic rubber is attached to the core: Surface specific resistance 1 × 10 ⁶ Ω, transfer voltage applied Secondary transfer Conditions An endless belt-like intermediate transfer body 70 as an intermediate transfer body and a backup roller 74 and a secondary transfer roller 5A are arranged so as to sandwich the endless belt-like intermediate transfer body 70, and the resistance value of the backup roller 74 is 1 × 10 ⁶ Ω, The resistance value of the secondary transfer roller as a means is 1 × 10 ⁶ Ω, and constant current control (about 80 μA) is performed.

  Fixing is a thermal fixing method using a fixing roller in which a heater is disposed inside the roller.

  The distance Y on the intermediate transfer member from the first contact point between the intermediate transfer member and the photosensitive member to the first contact point with the next color photosensitive member was set to 95 mm.

  The outer peripheral length (circumferential length) of the drive roller 71, the guide rollers 72 and 73 and the backup roller 74 for secondary transfer is 31.67 mm (= 95 mm / 3), and the outer peripheral length of the tension roller 76 is 23. .75 mm (= 95 mm / 4).

  The outer peripheral length of the primary transfer roller was 19 mm (= 95 mm / 5).

Cleaning condition of intermediate transfer member Cleaning blade: A urethane rubber blade was brought into contact with the moving direction of the intermediate transfer member in a counter manner.

  The results are shown in Table 3.

  The surface roughness, cylindricity, and straightness of the No. 1-8 support satisfying the conditions (described in Table 1) of the taper angles θ1, θ2 of the present invention in which 1000 pieces were continuously processed were the first one Although the accuracy does not change between the one and the last 1000th one, the cylindricity and straightness of the support of Nos. 9 to 10 that do not satisfy the angle condition of the present invention are the last one compared to the first one It can be seen that the accuracy of the 1000th one is slightly deteriorated. Furthermore, mass production stability is stable in the examples of Nos. 1 to 8, whereas those of Nos. 9 to 10 have a low grip rate and inferior continuous workability.

  In addition, the evaluation items of sharpness, dot reproducibility, color reproducibility, and color misregistration are all good as the image evaluation of the photoconductor using the Nos. 1-8 support that satisfies the angle condition of the present invention. However, it can be seen that the image evaluation of the photoconductor using the support of No. 9 to 10 which does not satisfy the angle condition of the present invention is inferior except for sharpness.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the setting state of the workpiece | work in the method of processing the support body of the photoreceptor of this invention. It is a front view which shows an example of the apparatus which cuts the outer peripheral surface of the support body of the photoreceptor in this invention. 1 is a front view showing an outline of a color image forming apparatus which is an example of an electrophotographic apparatus equipped with a photoreceptor using a support manufactured by the method of the present invention. It is a side view of the machine tool which equipped with the sprayer used for the manufacturing method of the support body of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

11 Raw pipe (work)
11a, 11b End face 11c, 11d Inlay processing part 12 Magnet base 13 Holder 14 Atomizer 15 Spray nozzle 16 Cutting fluid container 32 Slide table 35 Cutting tool 37 Holding jig 37a, 38b Post 38 Other parts of work One side (left side) holding jig 37e, 38e Gripping part θ1, θ2 Taper angle

Claims (7)

In a manufacturing method for manufacturing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member through a step of cutting the outer peripheral surface of the raw tube,
When cutting the outer peripheral surface by pressing and holding the raw tube in the axial direction with one holding jig from both ends thereof,
Each of the holding jigs has a portion that holds one of both ends of the raw tube processed into a conical surface, and taper angles that are ½ of the apex angle of the conical surface are θ1 and θ2, respectively.
θ1 <θ2
2 <θ2 / θ1 <15
2 ° ≦ θ1 ≦ 10 °, 10 ° ≦ θ2 ≦ 20 °
A method of manufacturing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member, characterized by having the following relationship: 2. The method for manufacturing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member according to claim 1, wherein a pressing force pressing in the axial direction is 100 to 300N . The method of manufacturing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutting of the outer peripheral surface is performed after inlay processing . An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a photosensitive layer on a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member manufactured by the manufacturing method according to claim 1. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4 and at least one means selected from the group consisting of a charging means, a developing means, a transfer means and a cleaning means are integrally incorporated so as to be detachable from the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus. A process cartridge characterized by that. The cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the developing roller of the developing unit, the transfer roller of the transfer unit, the cleaning roller of the cleaning unit, and the fixing roller is used. An electrophotographic member obtained by processing a cylindrical tube for an electrophotographic member manufactured by the method. 5. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, and a transferring unit .

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