JP4252148B2 - Case for self-baking electrode - Google Patents

Case for self-baking electrode Download PDF

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JP4252148B2
JP4252148B2 JP05591399A JP5591399A JP4252148B2 JP 4252148 B2 JP4252148 B2 JP 4252148B2 JP 05591399 A JP05591399 A JP 05591399A JP 5591399 A JP5591399 A JP 5591399A JP 4252148 B2 JP4252148 B2 JP 4252148B2
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electrode
case
self
rib
case body
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JP2000252056A (en
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延明 若槻
晶洋 原田
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Nippon Steel Nisshin Co Ltd
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Nippon Steel Nisshin Co Ltd
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、電気炉などに用いられる自焼成電極の電極ケースに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、電気炉では自焼成電極を焼成しながら操業が行われている。自焼成電極は、炭素質の電極原料を電極ケースに装入し、電流のジュール熱および炉内からの伝導熱で電極原料を焼成することによって形成される。自焼成電極は、操業中電極ケースとともに消耗するので、消耗量に応じて下方に移動される。このため、自焼成電極の上部では電極ケースが逐次継ぎ足される。
【0003】
電気炉の操業中、自焼成電極に関連して電極原料の中抜けおよび自焼成電極の縦割れなどが発生することがある。前記中抜けは、電極ケースに装入された電極原料が電極ケースから分離して下方に落下する現象であり、電極ケースのケース本体と電極原料との密着力が小さいことによって起こる。このため、電極ケースのケース本体の内周面には上下方向に延びる複数のリブが放射状に取付けられており、さらにリブには複数の透孔が形成されている。複数のリブおよび透孔は、電極原料中に埋め込まれ、電極ケースと電極原料との密着力を増大する。
【0004】
前記縦割れは、電極表面のリブの存在位置に発生した縦筋が電気炉のアーク熱およびガス熱などの影響で拡大したものである。この縦割れの初期形態である縦筋は、ケース本体およびリブの酸化消耗によって発生する。縦割れは、電極先端部では菊割れの形状となり、その部分では電流密度の増大によってスパークが発生する。このため、電極先端部では電極の欠落が生じやすくなり、電極の消耗量が大きくなる。
【0005】
このように、自焼成電極の消耗量および電極原料の中抜けは、電極ケースの構造に依存するので、従来から電極ケースの構造に関して様々な検討が行われ、種々の電極ケースが提案されている。
【0006】
特開昭48−55103号公報には、図8(1),(2)に示すようにリブ3のケーシング本体4側の側部に間隔をあけて突部5を形成し、リブ3を前記突部5を介してケーシング本体4の内周面に放射状に取付けた自焼成電極のケーシング1が開示されている。
【0007】
特開昭51−34436号公報には、図9(1),(2)に示すように複数のリブ7をケース本体8の内面に沿って垂設し、リブ7のケース本体中心8a側の形状をほぼ鋸歯形状とし、鋸歯のそれぞれの歯にケース本体中心部8aに向かって下降する傾斜部分9を形成した自焼成電極用ケース6が開示されている。またこの公報には、図10(1),(2),(3)に示すように電極ケース本体11の上端部の内周面に複数のガイド12が前記上端部から上方に部分的に突出して、かつ周方向に間隔をあけて設けられる構成が開示されている。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
特開昭48−55103号公報では、図8(2)に示すようにケース本体4はリブ3の側部全域と接合されないで、リブ3の突部5とのみ接合されている。したがって、ケース本体4および突部5が酸化消耗した後に電極表面に発生する縦筋の長さは突部5の長さと等しくなる。この結果、ケース本体4とリブ3とが全長にわたって接合される場合に比べて縦筋および縦割れの長さが短くなり、電極の消耗を低減することができる。その反面、ケース本体4とリブ3との接合面積が小さくなるので、接合部の接合強度が低くなる。したがって、接合部が切断しやすくなり、電極原料の中抜けが発生しやすくなる。
【0009】
特開昭51−34436号公報では、図9(2)に示すようにケース本体8がリブ7の側部全域と接合されており、かつリブ7が鋸歯形状に形成されているので、接合部の接合強度および電極原料とリブ7との密着力が高くなり、電極原料の中抜けを防止することができる。その反面、電極表面の縦筋の長さが長くなるので、電極の縦割れ長さが長くなり、電極の消耗が大きくなる。
【0010】
また電極ケースを継ぎ足す場合、図10(3)に示すように下方に位置する電極ケース本体11のガイド12の外径と、上方に位置する電極ケース本体11の内径とがほぼ等しいので、電極ケースの継ぎ足し作業に手間がかかる。この電極ケースの継ぎ足し作業を容易にするためには、図11に示すようにリング状のガイド13をケース本体14の上端部に上方に突出させて取付け、ガイドリング13の上部をケース本体中心14a側に折込めばよい。しかしながら、この折込み部13aは電極に横割れを発生させて電極を折損させる原因になるばかりでなく、電極原料の棚吊りの原因にもなる。このため、折込み部13aの半径方向長さが制限され、ガイドの機能を充分に発揮することができない。このように従来の電極ケースには性能および作業性に問題があるので、改善が望まれている。
【0011】
本発明の目的は、自焼成電極の消耗を低減することが可能であり、かつ継ぎ足し作業を効率的に行うことのできる自焼成電極用ケースを提供することである。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、電気炉の自焼成電極を原料の順次的な焼成によって形成し、自焼成電極の消耗に応じて順次的に継ぎ足し可能な自焼成電極用ケースにおいて、
略円筒状の形状およびほぼ鉛直な軸線を有し、上下方向に連なる複数のケース本体と、
各ケース本体の内周面に周方向に間隔をあけて設けられ、半径方向内方に突出して上下方向に延びる複数のリブと、
各ケース本体の上端部の内周面に嵌合され、ケース本体の上端部から上方に部分的に突出して固定される継ぎ目リングとを含み、
各リブの上端部は、継ぎ目リングの上端部から上方に突出しており、各リブの前記突出部のケース本体側側面部には、下方に向かうにつれてケース本体の内周面に近接する傾斜部が形成され
前記継ぎ目リングの突出部の外周面には、上下方向に継ぎ足される各ケース本体の間隔を設定するスペーサが周方向に間隔をあけて複数個設けられることを特徴とする自焼成電極用ケースである。
【0013】
本発明に従えば、各リブの上端部は継ぎ目リングの上端部から上方に突出しており、リブの突出部のケース本体側側面部には下方に向かうにつれてケース本体の内周面に近接する傾斜部が形成されているので、上方に継ぎ足されるケース本体の下端部を傾斜部に沿って導き、継ぎ目リングの外周面に迅速かつ容易に嵌合することができる。これによって、ケース本体のはめ込み作業を短時間で行うことが可能となり、はめ込み作業を含む継ぎ足し作業を効率的に行うことができる。またリブの傾斜部は、ケース本体の内周面よりも内方に存在しており、自焼成電極の表面に露出しないので、自焼成電極の表面に露出したリブの酸化消耗による縦筋の発生を傾斜部相当分だけ少なくすることができる。これによって、自焼成電極表面の縦割れの発生を抑制することができるので、スパークによる自焼成電極の欠落を抑制することができ、自焼成電極の消耗を低減することができる。
また、継ぎ目リングの突出部の外周面にスペーサが設けられているので、各ケース本体の上下方向の間隔を正確に設定することができる。これによって、ケース本体の溶接接合を安定して行うことができ、溶接トラブルの発生を防止することができる。したがって、ケース本体の溶接作業を短時間で行うことができ、溶接作業を含む継ぎ足し作業を効率的に行うことができる。
【0014】
また本発明の上下方向に継ぎ足される各ケース本体に設けられる各リブの周方向位置は、周方向に相互にずれていることを特徴とする。
【0015】
本発明に従えば、上下方向に連なる各ケース本体に設けられる各リブの周方向位置が周方向に相互にずれているので、自焼成電極の表面に発生する縦割れが一直線上に存在しなくなる。これによって、後述のように一直線上に連なる縦割れによる不具合の発生を回避することができ、自焼成電極の消耗をさらに抑制することができる。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は本発明の実施の一形態である自焼成電極用ケースの構成を簡略化して示す正面断面図であり、図2は図1の切断面線II−IIから見た平面断面図であり、図3は図2の切断面線III−IIIから見た断面図であり、図4は自焼成電極の形成過程を示す部分断面図である。
【0019】
電気炉の自焼成電極15(以後、電極と略称する)は、自焼成電極用ケース16(以後、電極ケースと略称する)に炭素質の電極原料17を装入し、電極ホルダ18を通して流れる電流のジュール熱および電気炉内からの伝導熱で電極原料17をいわゆる自焼成することによって形成される。電極原料17を焼成固化する焼成帯19は、図4に示すように電極ホルダ18に包囲される領域に形成される。電極原料17は、たとえばコークス、無煙炭、黒鉛などと、ピッチタールなどの結合剤とを混練した塊状または粒状の電極ペーストから成る。電極15は電気炉の操業中、その先端部より消耗していく。このため、電極15の消耗に応じて電極ケース16が順次的に継ぎ足され、押下げ装置20で下方に移動される。電極ケース16の継ぎ足しは、新たな電極ケース16をクレーンなどによって吊上げ、後述のように下方の既存の電極ケース16にはめ込み、下方の電極ケース16の上端部と新たな電極ケース16の下端部とを溶接接合することによって行われる。継ぎ足し後、新たな電極ケース16には、電極原料17が補給される。
【0020】
電極ケース16は、ケース本体23と、リブ24と、継目リング25とを含む。ケース本体23は略円筒状の形状を有する鋼製の筒体であり、ほぼ鉛直な軸線23aを有する。ケース本体23は、上下方向に複数本(本実施の形態では10本)順次的に継ぎ足される。ケース本体23の寸法は、たとえば外径:737mm、長さ:915mmである。
【0021】
リブ24は、大略的にL字状の断面形状を有する不等辺山形鋼から成り、各ケース本体23の内周面に周方向に等間隔をあけて、かつ軸線23aに平行に複数本(本実施の形態では6本)設けられる。各リブ24の短辺24aは、ケース本体23の内周面に当接して上下方向に延び、各リブ24の長辺24bはケース本体23の半径方向内方に突出して上下方向に延びる。長辺24bの突出長さは、たとえば160mmである。各リブ24の短辺24aとケース本体23とは短辺24bの全長にわたってスポット溶接によって接合される。各リブ24の長辺24bには、上下方向に等間隔をあけて複数個(本実施の形態では5個)の透孔26が形成されている。
【0022】
このように各リブ24とケース本体23とが各リブ24の短辺24bの全長にわたって接合されているので、各リブ24とケース本体23との接合強度が高くなり、各リブ24のケース本体23からの分離を防止することができる。またリブ24の長辺24bには透孔が形成されているので、電極原料17とリブ24との密着力が高くなり、電極原料17の落下を防止することができる。したがって、電極原料17が電極ケース16から分離して下方に落下する前記中抜けを防止することができる。
【0023】
各リブ24の上端部のケース本体側側面部、すなわち長辺24bの短辺側側面部には、下方に向かうにつれてケース本体23の内周面に近接する傾斜部27が形成されている。また各リブ24の下端部のケース本体側側面部、すなわち長辺24bの短辺側側面部には、切欠部28が形成されている。したがって、各リブ24の上下端部には、共に短辺24aが存在せず、各リブ24の上下端部はケース本体23から半径方向内方に離間している。前記傾斜部27および切欠部28の上下方向長さは、たとえばそれぞれ160mm、100mmである。
【0024】
継ぎ目リング25は、略円筒状の鋼製連結部材であり、上下方向に連なるケース本体23を相互に連結する。継ぎ目リング25は、各ケース本体23の上端部の内周面に同軸に嵌合され、各ケース本体23の上端部から上方に部分的に突出して固定される。ケース本体23と継ぎ目リング25との固定は、スポット溶接によって行われる。継ぎ目リング25の突出長さは、たとえば27mmである。前記各リブ24の上端部は、継ぎ目リング25の上端部25aから上方に突出しており、この突出部には前記傾斜部27が形成されている。
【0025】
前記継ぎ目リング25の突出部の外周面には、スペーサ30が周方向に等間隔をあけて複数個(本実施の形態では6個)設けられている。各スペーサ30は、ケース本体23の軸線23aに垂直なほぼ水平な仮想面内に存在する。スペーサ30は、たとえばリベットによって実現される。リベット30の取付けは、図3に示すように継ぎ目リング25に形成された挿通孔31にリベット30を外側から差し込み、継ぎ目リング25の内周面とリベット30の先端部とを溶接接合し、溶接部32を平坦に研磨することによって行われる。前記各挿通孔31の軸線31aは、前記仮想面内に存在し、ケース本体23の軸線23aと直交する。各リベット30の上下方向位置は、リベット30の頭部がケース本体23の上端面23bに当接するように設定される。前記継ぎ目リング25の突出部の外周面には、図3中に仮想線で示すようにその上方に継ぎ足されるケース本体23の下端部が嵌合される。前記リベット30は、上下方向に連なるケース本体23の間隔L1を正確に設定する。前記間隔L1は、たとえば5〜10mmである。各リベット30の周方向位置は、図2に示すように各リブ24の周方向中間位置にそれぞれ設けられる。
【0026】
図5は上下方向に連なる電極ケース16の連結部の構成を簡略化して示す断面図であり、図6は上下方向に連なる電極ケース16の各リブ24の周方向位置を示す平面図である。図5および図6を参照して上下方向に連なる電極ケース16の継ぎ足し作業方法について説明する。
【0027】
新たな電極ケース16を下方の既存の電極ケース16に上方から継ぎ足す場合、第1ステップでは、新たな電極ケース16のはめ込み作業が行われる。この作業は、新たな電極ケース16のケース本体23の下端部を下方の電極ケース16の継ぎ目リング25に嵌合することによって行われる。前述のように、下方の電極ケース16のリブ24には傾斜部27が形成されているので、作業者は新たなケース本体23の下端部を正確な位置合わせをしなくてもリブ24の傾斜部27に容易に当接させることができる。これによって、新たなケース本体23の下端部は傾斜部27に沿ってケース本体23の半径方向外方に導かれ、継ぎ目リング25の突出部の外周面に迅速かつ容易に嵌合される。したがって、新たな電極ケース16のはめ込み作業を短時間で行うことが可能となり、はめ込み作業を効率的に行うことができる。
【0028】
第2ステップでは、新たな電極ケース16の各リブ24の周方向位置が設定される。このリブ24の周方向位置は、図6に仮想線で示すように下方に位置する電極ケース16の各リブ24の周方向中間位置になるように設定される。前述のように、電極ケース16の各リブ24の周方向中間位置にはリベット30が設けられているので、新たな電極ケース16の各リブ24の周方向位置の設定は、リベット30を、目印にして容易に行うことができる。このように、上下方向に継ぎ足される各電極ケース16の各リブ24の周方向位置が周方向に相互にずれているので、後述のように電極15の消耗を抑制することができる。
【0029】
第3ステップでは、上方の新たな電極ケース16と、下方の既存の電極ケース16との溶接接合が行われる。この溶接接合は、上方のケース本体23と下方のケース本体23との上下方向の間隔L1によって形成される環状空隙を図5に示すように肉盛溶接することによって行われる。前述のように、前記間隔L1はリベット30によって正確に設定されているので、溶接作業を安定して行うことができる。これによって、溶接トラブルを防止することができ、結果的に溶接作業を効率的に行うことができる。したがって、溶接作業時間を短縮することができる。溶接作業終了に伴い電極ケース16の継ぎ足し作業が終了する。このように、本実施の形態では電極ケース16のはめ込み作業時間および溶接作業時間を短縮することができるので、電極ケース16のはめ込み作業および溶接作業を含む継ぎ足し作業を効率的に行うことができる。
【0030】
図7は、自焼成電極15の表面外観を示す正面図である。電極15は、前述のように焼成帯19で焼成され、電極先端部の消耗に応じて順次的に下方に移動される。このため、電極ホルダ18と電極先端部との距離L2は、たとえば約1.5mに保たれる。電極ケース16のケース本体23は電極焼成後、酸化による消耗が激しくなり、電極ホルダ18の下方で消滅する。電極ホルダ18とケース本体23の残存部の下端との距離L3は、たとえば約500mmである。ケース本体23の消滅後、電極15の表面にはリブ24が露出する。さらに、リブ24の酸化消耗が進行すると、電極15の表面にはリブ24の存在位置に縦筋が発生する。縦筋は、電気炉のアーク熱およびガス熱などの熱負荷によって拡大し、縦割れ34と呼ばれる亀裂に進展する。縦割れ34は、前述のように電極先端部では菊割れの形状となり、その部分では電流密度の増大によってスパークが発生する。これによって、縦割れ34の発生した電極先端部では電極15の欠落が生じやすくなり、電極15の消耗が大きくなる。
【0031】
本実施の形態では、前述のように各リブ24の上端部に傾斜部27が形成されており、各リブ24の下端部に切欠部28が形成されているので、各リブ24の上下端部はケース本体23から離間しており、ケース本体23が酸化消耗によって消滅しても、各リブ24の上下端部は電極15の表面に露出しない。これによって、図7に示すように電極15の表面において上下方向に縦割れ34の存在しない領域Aを形成することができる。したがって、領域Aが電極先端部に到達したときには、電極先端部における電極15の欠落を防止することができ、領域A相当分だけ電極15の消耗を低減することができる。また前述のように、上下方向に連なる電極ケース16の各リブ24の周方向位置は周方向に相互にずれているので、図7に示すように電極15の表面の縦割れ34が上下方向に一直線上に存在しない。これによって、縦割れ34が一直線上に連なる不具合、すなわち領域Aで分断されている縦割れ34が進展して連続化する不具合の発生を回避することができる。したがって、前述のように領域A相当分だけ電極15の消耗をさらに確実に低減することができる。
【0032】
前述のように、本実施の形態では上下方向に連なる電極ケース16の各リブ24の周方向位置が周方向に相互にずれているけれども、各リブ24の上下端部に形成されている傾斜部27および切欠部28の上下方向長さを充分長くすることができる場合には、前記周方向位置を周方向に相互にずらさなくてもよい。また継ぎ目リング25の突出部の外周面には、スペーサであるリベット30が周方向に間隔をあけて複数個設けられているけれども、スペーサ30に代わってケース本体23の上端面または下端面に突部を形成して上下方向に連なるケース本体23の間隔を設定するように構成してもよい。
【0033】
(実施例)
新たな電極ケースを既存の電極ケースに継ぎ足す場合のはめ込み作業時間と電極の消耗速度とを、本発明の構成要件をすべて満たす電極ケースを用いた発明例と、本発明の構成要件から外れた電極ケースを用いた比較例とについてそれぞれ求め、対比した。発明例で用いた電極ケースは図1〜図3に示すものであり、比較例1で用いた電極ケースは図10に示すものであり、比較例2で用いた電極ケースは図11に示すものである。発明例および比較例の電極ケースのはめ込み作業時間と電極の消耗速度とを表1に示す。表1では、発明例のはめ込み作業時間および電極の消耗速度を100とする指数として表している。表1から、発明例の電極ケースのはめ込み作業時間は比較例1および2に比べて大幅に短縮されることが判る。また発明例の電極の消耗速度は比較例1および2に比べて低速度であることが判る。したがって本発明によれば、電極ケースのはめ込み作業を含む電極ケースの継ぎ足し作業を、効率的に行うことができるとともに、電極の消耗速度を低減することができる。
【0034】
【表1】

Figure 0004252148
【0035】
【発明の効果】
以上のように請求項1記載の本発明によれば、各リブの上端部には、傾斜部が形成されているので、上方に継ぎ足されるケース本体の下端部を傾斜部に沿って導き、継ぎ目リングの外周面に迅速かつ容易に嵌合することができる。これによって、ケース本体のはめ込み作業を短時間で行うことが可能となり、はめ込み作業を含む継ぎ足し作業を効率的に行うことができる。またリブの傾斜部は、自焼成電極の表面に露出しないので、縦筋の発生を傾斜部相当分だけ少なくすることができる。これによって、自焼成電極表面の縦割れの発生を抑制することができるので、スパークによる自焼成電極の欠落を抑制することができ、自焼成電極の消耗を低減することができる。
また、継ぎ目リングの突出部の外周面にスペーサが設けられているので、各ケース本体の上下方向の間隔を正確に設定することができる。したがって、ケース本体の溶接作業を短時間で行うことができ、溶接作業を含む継ぎ足し作業を効率的に行うことができる。
【0036】
請求項2記載の本発明によれば、上下方向に連なる各ケース本体に設けられる各リブの周方向位置が周方向に相互にずれているので、自焼成電極の消耗をさらに低減することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の一形態である自焼成電極用ケースの構成を簡略化して示す正面断面図である。
【図2】図1の切断面線II−IIから見た平面断面図である。
【図3】図2の切断面線III−IIIから見た断面図である。
【図4】自焼成電極の形成過程を示す部分断面図である。
【図5】上下方向に連なる電極ケース16の連結部の構成を簡略化して示す断面図である。
【図6】上下方向に連なる電極ケース16の各リブ24の周方向位置を示す平面図である。
【図7】自焼成電極15の表面外観を示す正面図である。
【図8】従来の突部を有するリブを備える電極ケースの構成を簡略化して示す断面図である。
【図9】従来の鋸歯状リブを有する電極ケースの構成を簡略化して示す正面図である。
【図10】従来のガイドを備える電極ケースの構成を簡略化して示す断面図である。
【図11】従来のガイドを備える他の電極ケースの構成を簡略化して示す正面図である。
【符号の説明】
15 自焼成電極
16 電極ケース
23 ケース本体
24 リブ
25 継ぎ目リング
26 透孔
27 傾斜部
28 切欠部
30 スペーサ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrode case of a self-baking electrode used for an electric furnace or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, an electric furnace has been operated while firing a self-baking electrode. The self-fired electrode is formed by charging a carbonaceous electrode material into an electrode case and firing the electrode material with Joule heat of current and conduction heat from the furnace. Since the self-baking electrode is consumed together with the electrode case during operation, the self-baking electrode is moved downward according to the consumption amount. For this reason, an electrode case is successively added above the self-baking electrode.
[0003]
During the operation of the electric furnace, there may be a case where an electrode raw material is lost or a vertical crack of the self-fired electrode occurs in connection with the self-fired electrode. The hollow is a phenomenon in which the electrode raw material charged in the electrode case is separated from the electrode case and falls downward, and is caused by a small adhesion force between the case main body of the electrode case and the electrode raw material. For this reason, a plurality of ribs extending in the vertical direction are radially attached to the inner peripheral surface of the case main body of the electrode case, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the ribs. The plurality of ribs and through-holes are embedded in the electrode material and increase the adhesion between the electrode case and the electrode material.
[0004]
The vertical cracks are those in which the vertical streaks generated at the position of the ribs on the electrode surface are expanded due to the influence of arc heat and gas heat of the electric furnace. The vertical streak, which is the initial form of the vertical crack, is generated by the oxidation consumption of the case body and the rib. The vertical crack has a chrysanthemum shape at the tip of the electrode, and sparks are generated at that portion due to an increase in current density. For this reason, the electrode is likely to be missing at the tip of the electrode, and the amount of consumption of the electrode increases.
[0005]
As described above, the consumption amount of the self-fired electrode and the hollowing out of the electrode raw material depend on the structure of the electrode case. Therefore, various studies have been made on the structure of the electrode case, and various electrode cases have been proposed. .
[0006]
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 48-55103, as shown in FIGS. 8 (1) and 8 (2), a protrusion 5 is formed on the side of the rib 3 on the casing body 4 side with an interval, and the rib 3 is A self-baking electrode casing 1 that is radially attached to the inner peripheral surface of a casing body 4 via a protrusion 5 is disclosed.
[0007]
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-34436, as shown in FIGS. 9 (1) and (2), a plurality of ribs 7 are suspended along the inner surface of the case body 8, and the ribs 7 on the case body center 8a side are provided. A self-fired electrode case 6 is disclosed in which the shape is substantially a saw-tooth shape, and an inclined portion 9 that descends toward the case body central portion 8a is formed on each tooth of the saw-tooth. Also, in this publication, as shown in FIGS. 10 (1), (2), (3), a plurality of guides 12 partially protrude upward from the upper end portion on the inner peripheral surface of the upper end portion of the electrode case body 11. And the structure provided at intervals in the circumferential direction is disclosed.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 48-55103, as shown in FIG. 8 (2), the case main body 4 is not joined to the entire side portion of the rib 3 but is joined only to the protrusion 5 of the rib 3. Therefore, the length of the vertical stripe generated on the electrode surface after the case main body 4 and the protrusion 5 are oxidized and consumed becomes equal to the length of the protrusion 5. As a result, compared to the case where the case body 4 and the rib 3 are joined over the entire length, the length of the vertical streak and the vertical crack is shortened, and the consumption of the electrodes can be reduced. On the other hand, since the joint area between the case body 4 and the rib 3 is reduced, the joint strength of the joint portion is lowered. Therefore, it becomes easy to cut | disconnect a junction part, and it becomes easy to generate | occur | produce the electrode raw material.
[0009]
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-34436, as shown in FIG. 9 (2), the case body 8 is joined to the entire side portion of the rib 7 and the rib 7 is formed in a sawtooth shape. The bonding strength of the electrode material and the adhesion between the electrode material and the rib 7 are increased, and the electrode material can be prevented from being lost. On the other hand, since the length of the vertical stripes on the electrode surface is increased, the length of the vertical crack of the electrode is increased and the consumption of the electrode is increased.
[0010]
When the electrode cases are added, the outer diameter of the guide 12 of the electrode case main body 11 located below and the inner diameter of the electrode case main body 11 located above are substantially equal as shown in FIG. It takes time to add the case. In order to facilitate the work of adding the electrode case, as shown in FIG. 11, a ring-shaped guide 13 is attached to the upper end portion of the case body 14 so as to protrude upward, and the upper portion of the guide ring 13 is attached to the case body center 14a. Just fold in the side. However, the folding portion 13a not only causes a lateral crack in the electrode and causes the electrode to break, but also causes the electrode raw material to be suspended. For this reason, the radial direction length of the folding part 13a is restrict | limited, and the function of a guide cannot fully be exhibited. Thus, since the conventional electrode case has problems in performance and workability, improvement is desired.
[0011]
An object of the present invention is to provide a case for a self-baking electrode that can reduce the consumption of the self-baking electrode and can efficiently perform an addition work.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a self-baking electrode case that can be formed by sequential firing of raw materials for a self-baking electrode of an electric furnace, and can be sequentially added according to consumption of the self-baking electrode.
A plurality of case bodies having a substantially cylindrical shape and a substantially vertical axis line, and continuous in the vertical direction;
A plurality of ribs provided on the inner peripheral surface of each case body at intervals in the circumferential direction, projecting inward in the radial direction and extending in the vertical direction;
Including a seam ring that is fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the upper end portion of each case body and is partially protruded and fixed upward from the upper end portion of the case body,
The upper end portion of each rib protrudes upward from the upper end portion of the seam ring, and an inclined portion that is closer to the inner peripheral surface of the case body as it goes downward is formed on the case body side surface portion of the protruding portion of each rib. Formed ,
The outer peripheral surface of the projecting portion of the seam ring is a self-baking electrode case, wherein the spacer for setting the interval between the case body to be spliced vertically et provided plurality are at intervals in the circumferential direction is there.
[0013]
According to the present invention, the upper end portion of each rib protrudes upward from the upper end portion of the seam ring, and the slope of the rib protruding portion approaches the inner peripheral surface of the case main body as it goes downward. Since the portion is formed, the lower end portion of the case main body added upward can be guided along the inclined portion, and can be quickly and easily fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the joint ring. As a result, it is possible to perform the fitting operation of the case body in a short time, and the addition work including the fitting operation can be efficiently performed. In addition, the rib sloped part is located inward of the inner peripheral surface of the case body and is not exposed on the surface of the self-baking electrode. Therefore, vertical stripes are generated due to oxidation consumption of the rib exposed on the surface of the self-baking electrode. Can be reduced by an amount corresponding to the inclined portion. Thereby, since the occurrence of vertical cracks on the surface of the self-baking electrode can be suppressed, the lack of the self-baking electrode due to the spark can be suppressed, and the consumption of the self-baking electrode can be reduced.
Moreover, since the spacer is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the projecting portion of the joint ring, the interval in the vertical direction of each case body can be set accurately. Thereby, welding joining of a case main body can be performed stably and generation | occurrence | production of a welding trouble can be prevented. Therefore, the welding operation of the case body can be performed in a short time, and the addition operation including the welding operation can be performed efficiently.
[0014]
Moreover, the circumferential direction position of each rib provided in each case main body added in the up-down direction according to the present invention is shifted in the circumferential direction.
[0015]
According to the present invention, since the circumferential positions of the ribs provided in the case bodies that are continuous in the vertical direction are shifted from each other in the circumferential direction, vertical cracks that occur on the surface of the self-fired electrode do not exist in a straight line. . As a result, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of problems due to vertical cracks extending in a straight line as will be described later, and it is possible to further suppress the consumption of the self-baking electrode.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a front sectional view showing a simplified configuration of a self-baking electrode case according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view seen from a section line II-II in FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the section line III-III in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a process of forming a self-fired electrode.
[0019]
A self-baking electrode 15 (hereinafter abbreviated as an electrode) of an electric furnace includes a carbonaceous electrode raw material 17 charged in a self-baking electrode case 16 (hereinafter abbreviated as an electrode case), and a current flowing through the electrode holder 18. The electrode raw material 17 is formed by so-called self-firing with Joule heat and conduction heat from the electric furnace. A firing zone 19 for firing and solidifying the electrode raw material 17 is formed in a region surrounded by the electrode holder 18 as shown in FIG. The electrode raw material 17 is made of a bulk or granular electrode paste in which coke, anthracite, graphite or the like and a binder such as pitch tar are kneaded. The electrode 15 is consumed from the tip of the electric furnace during operation. For this reason, the electrode cases 16 are sequentially added according to the consumption of the electrodes 15 and moved downward by the push-down device 20. The electrode case 16 is added by lifting the new electrode case 16 with a crane or the like and fitting it into the existing electrode case 16 below, as will be described later, and connecting the upper end of the lower electrode case 16 and the lower end of the new electrode case 16 to each other. Is carried out by welding. After the addition, the electrode raw material 17 is supplied to the new electrode case 16.
[0020]
The electrode case 16 includes a case body 23, a rib 24, and a seam ring 25. The case body 23 is a steel cylinder having a substantially cylindrical shape, and has a substantially vertical axis 23a. A plurality of case bodies 23 (10 in the present embodiment) are successively added in the vertical direction. The dimensions of the case body 23 are, for example, an outer diameter: 737 mm and a length: 915 mm.
[0021]
The ribs 24 are made of unequal angle irons having a substantially L-shaped cross-sectional shape, and a plurality of ribs 24 are provided at regular intervals in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of each case body 23 and in parallel with the axis 23a. In the embodiment, 6) are provided. The short side 24a of each rib 24 abuts on the inner peripheral surface of the case main body 23 and extends in the vertical direction, and the long side 24b of each rib 24 protrudes inward in the radial direction of the case main body 23 and extends in the vertical direction. The protruding length of the long side 24b is, for example, 160 mm. The short side 24a of each rib 24 and the case main body 23 are joined by spot welding over the entire length of the short side 24b. A plurality of (five in the present embodiment) through holes 26 are formed in the long side 24b of each rib 24 at equal intervals in the vertical direction.
[0022]
Thus, since each rib 24 and the case main body 23 are joined over the entire length of the short side 24b of each rib 24, the bonding strength between each rib 24 and the case main body 23 is increased, and the case main body 23 of each rib 24 is increased. Can be prevented from separating. Further, since the through holes are formed in the long side 24b of the rib 24, the adhesive force between the electrode material 17 and the rib 24 is increased, and the electrode material 17 can be prevented from dropping. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the hollowing out of the electrode raw material 17 which is separated from the electrode case 16 and falls downward.
[0023]
An inclined portion 27 that is closer to the inner peripheral surface of the case body 23 as it goes downward is formed on the case body side surface portion at the upper end of each rib 24, that is, the short side surface portion of the long side 24 b. Further, a notch 28 is formed in the case main body side surface of the lower end of each rib 24, that is, the short side surface of the long side 24b. Therefore, the short sides 24 a do not exist at the upper and lower ends of each rib 24, and the upper and lower ends of each rib 24 are spaced radially inward from the case body 23. The vertical lengths of the inclined portion 27 and the cutout portion 28 are, for example, 160 mm and 100 mm, respectively.
[0024]
The joint ring 25 is a substantially cylindrical steel connecting member, and connects the case bodies 23 that are continuous in the vertical direction. The seam ring 25 is coaxially fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the upper end portion of each case main body 23 and is partially protruded upward from the upper end portion of each case main body 23 and fixed. The case body 23 and the seam ring 25 are fixed by spot welding. The protruding length of the seam ring 25 is 27 mm, for example. An upper end portion of each rib 24 protrudes upward from an upper end portion 25a of the seam ring 25, and the inclined portion 27 is formed in the protruding portion.
[0025]
A plurality (six in this embodiment) of spacers 30 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the projecting portion of the seam ring 25 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Each spacer 30 exists in a substantially horizontal virtual plane perpendicular to the axis 23 a of the case body 23. The spacer 30 is realized by rivets, for example. As shown in FIG. 3, the rivet 30 is attached by inserting the rivet 30 into the insertion hole 31 formed in the seam ring 25 from the outside, welding the inner peripheral surface of the seam ring 25 and the tip of the rivet 30 and welding. This is done by polishing the portion 32 flatly. An axis 31 a of each insertion hole 31 exists in the virtual plane and is orthogonal to the axis 23 a of the case body 23. The vertical position of each rivet 30 is set so that the head of the rivet 30 contacts the upper end surface 23 b of the case body 23. A lower end portion of the case main body 23 that is added above the outer peripheral surface of the projecting portion of the seam ring 25 is fitted as shown by an imaginary line in FIG. The rivet 30 accurately sets an interval L1 between the case bodies 23 that are continuous in the vertical direction. The interval L1 is, for example, 5 to 10 mm. The circumferential position of each rivet 30 is provided at the circumferential intermediate position of each rib 24 as shown in FIG.
[0026]
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the connecting portion of the electrode case 16 that is continuous in the vertical direction, and FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the circumferential position of each rib 24 of the electrode case 16 that is continuous in the vertical direction. With reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, a method for adding the electrode cases 16 connected in the vertical direction will be described.
[0027]
When adding a new electrode case 16 to an existing electrode case 16 below from above, in the first step, a new electrode case 16 is fitted. This operation is performed by fitting the lower end portion of the case body 23 of the new electrode case 16 to the joint ring 25 of the lower electrode case 16. As described above, since the inclined portion 27 is formed on the rib 24 of the lower electrode case 16, the operator does not have to accurately align the lower end portion of the new case body 23, so that the rib 24 can be inclined. It can be easily brought into contact with the portion 27. As a result, the lower end portion of the new case body 23 is guided radially outward of the case body 23 along the inclined portion 27 and is quickly and easily fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the projecting portion of the joint ring 25. Therefore, it becomes possible to perform the fitting operation of the new electrode case 16 in a short time, and the fitting operation can be performed efficiently.
[0028]
In the second step, the circumferential position of each rib 24 of the new electrode case 16 is set. The circumferential position of the rib 24 is set so as to be an intermediate position in the circumferential direction of each rib 24 of the electrode case 16 positioned below as indicated by an imaginary line in FIG. As described above, since the rivet 30 is provided at the circumferential intermediate position of each rib 24 of the electrode case 16, the setting of the circumferential position of each rib 24 of the new electrode case 16 is performed by setting the rivet 30 as a mark. It can be done easily. As described above, since the circumferential positions of the ribs 24 of the electrode cases 16 added in the vertical direction are shifted from each other in the circumferential direction, the consumption of the electrode 15 can be suppressed as described later.
[0029]
In the third step, welding is performed between the new upper electrode case 16 and the existing lower electrode case 16. This welding joining is performed by overlay welding as shown in FIG. 5 in the annular gap formed by the vertical space L1 between the upper case body 23 and the lower case body 23. As described above, since the distance L1 is accurately set by the rivet 30, the welding operation can be performed stably. Thereby, welding trouble can be prevented, and as a result, welding work can be performed efficiently. Therefore, the welding work time can be shortened. With the end of the welding work, the work of adding the electrode case 16 is finished. Thus, in this Embodiment, since the fitting operation time and welding operation time of the electrode case 16 can be shortened, the addition work including the fitting operation and welding operation of the electrode case 16 can be performed efficiently.
[0030]
FIG. 7 is a front view showing the surface appearance of the self-fired electrode 15. The electrode 15 is fired in the firing zone 19 as described above, and is sequentially moved downward according to the consumption of the electrode tip. For this reason, the distance L2 between the electrode holder 18 and the electrode tip is maintained at, for example, about 1.5 m. After the electrodes are fired, the case body 23 of the electrode case 16 becomes heavily consumed by oxidation and disappears below the electrode holder 18. A distance L3 between the electrode holder 18 and the lower end of the remaining portion of the case body 23 is, for example, about 500 mm. After the case body 23 disappears, the rib 24 is exposed on the surface of the electrode 15. Further, when the oxidation consumption of the ribs 24 progresses, vertical stripes are generated at the positions where the ribs 24 exist on the surface of the electrode 15. The vertical streaks expand due to heat loads such as arc heat and gas heat of the electric furnace, and develop into cracks called vertical cracks 34. As described above, the vertical crack 34 has a chrysanthemum shape at the tip of the electrode, and sparks are generated at that portion due to an increase in current density. As a result, the electrode 15 is easily missing at the tip of the electrode where the vertical crack 34 has occurred, and the consumption of the electrode 15 increases.
[0031]
In the present embodiment, as described above, the inclined portion 27 is formed at the upper end portion of each rib 24, and the notch portion 28 is formed at the lower end portion of each rib 24. Is separated from the case main body 23, and even if the case main body 23 disappears due to oxidation consumption, the upper and lower ends of each rib 24 are not exposed on the surface of the electrode 15. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, a region A in which no vertical crack 34 exists in the vertical direction on the surface of the electrode 15 can be formed. Therefore, when the region A reaches the electrode tip, it is possible to prevent the electrode 15 from being lost at the electrode tip, and to reduce the consumption of the electrode 15 by the amount corresponding to the region A. Further, as described above, since the circumferential positions of the ribs 24 of the electrode case 16 continuous in the vertical direction are shifted from each other in the circumferential direction, vertical cracks 34 on the surface of the electrode 15 are formed in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. Does not exist on a straight line. Accordingly, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of the problem that the vertical cracks 34 are arranged in a straight line, that is, the problem that the vertical cracks 34 divided in the region A progress and become continuous. Therefore, as described above, the consumption of the electrode 15 can be more reliably reduced by the amount corresponding to the region A.
[0032]
As described above, in the present embodiment, the circumferential positions of the ribs 24 of the electrode case 16 continuous in the vertical direction are shifted from each other in the circumferential direction, but the inclined portions formed at the upper and lower ends of the ribs 24. When the vertical lengths of the 27 and the cutout portion 28 can be made sufficiently long, the circumferential positions need not be shifted from each other in the circumferential direction. A plurality of rivets 30 as spacers are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the projecting portion of the seam ring 25 at intervals in the circumferential direction. However, instead of the spacers 30, they protrude from the upper end surface or the lower end surface of the case body 23. You may comprise so that the space | interval of the case main body 23 which forms a part and continues in an up-down direction may be set.
[0033]
(Example)
The fitting operation time and the electrode consumption rate when adding a new electrode case to an existing electrode case are out of the configuration example of the invention using the electrode case that satisfies all the configuration requirements of the present invention and the configuration requirements of the present invention. Each of the comparative examples using the electrode case was obtained and compared. The electrode case used in the invention example is as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the electrode case used in Comparative Example 1 is as shown in FIG. 10, and the electrode case used in Comparative Example 2 is as shown in FIG. It is. Table 1 shows the fitting time of the electrode cases of the invention example and the comparative example and the consumption rate of the electrodes. In Table 1, it represents as an index | exponent which sets the fitting operation | work time of an invention example and the consumption rate of an electrode to 100. FIG. From Table 1, it can be seen that the fitting time of the electrode case of the invention example is significantly shortened as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It can also be seen that the consumption rate of the electrode of the inventive example is lower than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Therefore, according to the present invention, the electrode case addition work including the electrode case fitting work can be efficiently performed, and the consumption rate of the electrode can be reduced.
[0034]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004252148
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, since the inclined portion is formed at the upper end portion of each rib, the lower end portion of the case body added upward is guided along the inclined portion, and the seam is formed. It can be quickly and easily fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the ring. As a result, it is possible to perform the fitting operation of the case main body in a short time, and the addition work including the fitting operation can be efficiently performed. Further, since the inclined portion of the rib is not exposed on the surface of the self-fired electrode, the occurrence of vertical stripes can be reduced by the amount corresponding to the inclined portion. Thereby, since the occurrence of vertical cracks on the surface of the self-baking electrode can be suppressed, the lack of the self-baking electrode due to the spark can be suppressed, and the consumption of the self-baking electrode can be reduced.
Moreover, since the spacer is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the projecting portion of the joint ring, the interval in the vertical direction of each case body can be set accurately. Therefore, the welding operation of the case body can be performed in a short time, and the addition operation including the welding operation can be performed efficiently.
[0036]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the circumferential positions of the ribs provided in the case bodies that are continuous in the vertical direction are shifted from each other in the circumferential direction, the consumption of the self-baking electrode can be further reduced. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view showing a simplified configuration of a self-baking electrode case according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along section line II-II in FIG. 1. FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along section line III-III in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a process of forming a self-fired electrode.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a simplified configuration of a connecting portion of an electrode case 16 continuous in the vertical direction.
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the circumferential position of each rib 24 of the electrode case 16 continuous in the vertical direction.
7 is a front view showing the surface appearance of self-fired electrode 15. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a simplified configuration of an electrode case including a rib having a conventional protrusion.
FIG. 9 is a front view showing a simplified configuration of an electrode case having a conventional serrated rib.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a simplified configuration of an electrode case including a conventional guide.
FIG. 11 is a front view showing a simplified configuration of another electrode case including a conventional guide.
[Explanation of symbols]
15 Self-fired electrode 16 Electrode case 23 Case body 24 Rib 25 Seam ring 26 Through hole 27 Inclined portion 28 Notched portion 30 Spacer

Claims (2)

電気炉の自焼成電極を原料の順次的な焼成によって形成し、自焼成電極の消耗に応じて順次的に継ぎ足し可能な自焼成電極用ケースにおいて、
略円筒状の形状およびほぼ鉛直な軸線を有し、上下方向に連なる複数のケース本体と、
各ケース本体の内周面に周方向に間隔をあけて設けられ、半径方向内方に突出して上下方向に延びる複数のリブと、
各ケース本体の上端部の内周面に嵌合され、ケース本体の上端部から上方に部分的に突出して固定される継ぎ目リングとを含み、
各リブの上端部は、継ぎ目リングの上端部から上方に突出しており、各リブの前記突出部のケース本体側側面部には、下方に向かうにつれてケース本体の内周面に近接する傾斜部が形成され
前記継ぎ目リングの突出部の外周面には、上下方向に継ぎ足される各ケース本体の間隔を設定するスペーサが周方向に間隔をあけて複数個設けられることを特徴とする自焼成電極用ケース。
In the case of a self-baking electrode that can be formed by sequential firing of the raw material of the electric furnace and that can be sequentially added according to the consumption of the self-baking electrode,
A plurality of case bodies having a substantially cylindrical shape and a substantially vertical axis line, and continuous in the vertical direction;
A plurality of ribs provided on the inner peripheral surface of each case body at intervals in the circumferential direction, projecting inward in the radial direction and extending in the vertical direction;
Including a seam ring that is fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the upper end portion of each case body and is partially protruded and fixed upward from the upper end portion of the case body,
The upper end portion of each rib protrudes upward from the upper end portion of the seam ring, and an inclined portion that is closer to the inner peripheral surface of the case body as it goes downward is formed on the case body side surface portion of the protruding portion of each rib. Formed ,
Wherein the outer peripheral surface of the projecting portion of the joint ring, self-firing electrode case, wherein the spacer for setting the interval between the case main body a plurality provided we are at intervals in the circumferential direction of spliced vertically.
上下方向に継ぎ足される各ケース本体に設けられる各リブの周方向位置は、周方向に相互にずれていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の自焼成電極用ケース。  The self-fired electrode case according to claim 1, wherein the circumferential positions of the ribs provided in the case bodies that are added in the vertical direction are shifted from each other in the circumferential direction.
JP05591399A 1999-03-03 1999-03-03 Case for self-baking electrode Expired - Lifetime JP4252148B2 (en)

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