JP4249471B2 - 距トライアルの軸部 - Google Patents

距トライアルの軸部 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4249471B2
JP4249471B2 JP2002337146A JP2002337146A JP4249471B2 JP 4249471 B2 JP4249471 B2 JP 4249471B2 JP 2002337146 A JP2002337146 A JP 2002337146A JP 2002337146 A JP2002337146 A JP 2002337146A JP 4249471 B2 JP4249471 B2 JP 4249471B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
shaft portion
trial
shaft
proximal
distal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP2002337146A
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English (en)
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JP2003175049A (ja
Inventor
ロ グロリア
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson and Johnson Professional Inc
DePuy Orthopaedics Inc
Original Assignee
Johnson and Johnson Professional Inc
DePuy Orthopaedics Inc
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Priority claimed from US08/884,588 external-priority patent/US5888208A/en
Application filed by Johnson and Johnson Professional Inc, DePuy Orthopaedics Inc filed Critical Johnson and Johnson Professional Inc
Publication of JP2003175049A publication Critical patent/JP2003175049A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4249471B2 publication Critical patent/JP4249471B2/ja
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2/4607Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of hip femoral endoprostheses
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    • A61F2220/0033Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementary-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は人工大腿要素のトライアル(trial)の必要寸法を決定するためのトライアル等の股関節形成に使用する装置、更に具体的には大腿距軸(calcar stem)に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
本願は1997年3月26日出願の米国特許出願第08/824,336号の一部係属出願である。
股置換または股関節形成術の好結果は、一部で、特定寸法に合わせて形成されかつぴったりと適合するように位置決めされて自然の健康な股関節の幾何学的かつ機能的特徴を再現する人工関節要素の選択によって得られる。典型例として、その要素選択方法は関節画像の術前分析を必要とする。しかしながら、画像分析に有効な補佐は人工関節の永久的固定前の股関節形成段階における1以上の過度的要素の関係骨への一時的固定であることが発見されている。この過度的要素は外科医にとって測定を確実にしかつ数回にわたる異なる要素の寸法および形態を試験または『試行』(“try-out”)するために永久的人工関節の特定断面(特徴)を模倣するために使用される。従って、かかる過度的要素は『トライアル』として知られている。
【0003】
既知処置において、大腿要素のトライアルは次の方法で使用される。大腿骨の近位端部が切除されかつ大腿骨の骨髄管が切削される。ブローチ(broach)が大腿骨の切除された近位端部へ挿入され、大腿骨軸を受けるべく寸法取りされかつ付形された骨内にキャビティを形成する。しかしながら、ブローチを除去する前に、完全な大腿軸を模造するためにトライアルネック(首部)またはトラニオン(筒耳部)およびトライアルヘッド(頭部)がブローチへ固定される。通常、長さおよび幾何学的形状を変化させた数個のネックおよびヘッドトライアルが試験的に連続的にブローチへ結合されて、適切なネック長および全体的大腿軸長が決定される。これらの長さが一旦決定されると、トライアルネックおよびヘッドはブローチから除去され、かつブローチが大腿骨から除去される。続いて、適切長の大腿軸がブローチにより当分野に既知の方法によって決定されたキャビティへ挿入するために選択される。
【0004】
他の方法は、トライアルヘッドおよびネックに加えて、軸部を有するトライアルを使用するためにブローチを骨髄管から除去することを必要とする。例えば、米国特許第5,100407号は、適切なトライアルの形成に適合するように混在させた、一群の種々の寸法のネックおよび本体部および一群の異なる長さのトライアル軸部を含む装置を開示している。しかしながら、本体部に対する連続的組立および分解によるトライアル軸部の反復的除去および連続的挿入は処置時間を長引かせかつ費用を消耗させる。
【0005】
他の既知トライアルは、カラーが適切なネック長および軸長が探知されるまでトライアルの長手に沿って連続的点で固定されなければならない軸を含む。このタイプのトライアルは、カラーが軸からの係合および離脱を繰り返すために、軸移動に起因して不正確な測定を誘導するので望ましくない。更に、カラーが軸の遠位端方向へ移動するので、次第に小さくなった軸が骨髄管内に設置され、それによりトライアルは次第に不安定になり、結果的に精確測定を得るのが極めて困難である。
【0006】
既知トライアルの他の欠点に加えて、種々の組合体から数回にわたり選択しかつ適合させなければならない複数パーツから成るトライアル装置は煩瑣、不必要に煩雑かつ貴重な時間の浪費であると考えられる。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明は、便利かつ容易な使用法により極めて精確な測定を可能にする一体化された組立体を提供することにより、従来トライアルの欠点を解消することを課題とする。本発明のトライアルは反復的組立および分解を必要とせず、かつトライアルの高さと関係なく探査されたキャビティに非常に近似した幾何学を独創的に提供する。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
課題を達成するための本発明による距トライアルの軸部は、近位端および遠位端を有する近位軸部、前記近位軸部の遠位端に対して外方へ取付自在の近位端、および遠位端を有する連結要素、ならびに近位端および遠位端を有する遠位軸部を有し、前記遠位軸部の近位端は、第1配向において前記連結要素の遠位端と係合自在に連結して前記遠位軸部を前記近位軸部に対して第1方向へ湾曲させる構成であり、かつ前記遠位軸部は、第1配向から180°転換する第2配向において前記連結要素の遠位端と係合自在に連結されて前記近位軸部に対して、第1方向と反対の第2方向へ湾曲する、ことを特徴とする
【0009】
好適形態において、本発明の距トライアルは第1および第2端部を有する連結要素を更に含み、前記連結要素は前記遠位軸部の近位端と前記近位軸部の遠位端間に挿入自在であり、前記連結要素は第1端部で前記近位軸部の遠位端へ解放自在に固定でき、かつ第2端部で前記遠位軸部の近位端へ解放自在に固定できる構成である。
【0010】
前記遠位軸部はその近位端に小身を含み、かつ前記近位軸部の遠位端は前記小身を受けるための長孔を形成しているのが好ましい。
更に、前記遠位軸部は第1配向において前記近位軸部と係合自在であって前記近位軸部に対して第1方向へ湾曲し、かつ前記遠位軸部は第2配向において前記近位軸部と係合自在であって前記近位軸部に対して第2方向へ湾曲する構成であってよい。前記第1方向は前記第2方向と反対方向である。
好適形態において、前記連結要素はねじ孔を含み、かつ前記近位軸部の遠位端および前記遠位軸部の近位端はねじ切りされていて前記連結要素の孔へ挿入自在の構成であるのが好ましい。前記連結要素の外面部は表面凹凸模様が付されていてよい。前記連結要素の外面部は複数の隆起と陥没を含む構成であってよい。
【0011】
本発明は更に股置換装置を提供し、この股置換装置は、近位端および遠位端を有する近位軸部を含む人工大腿骨移植片用トライアル、前記近位軸部に対して長手方向へ摺動して調節自在に前記近位軸部に係合する本体部、近位軸部から半径方向に延在しかつ前記本体部の一部を囲繞できる孔を有するカラー、および複数の遠位軸部を有し、前記遠位軸部は前記近位軸部の遠位端へ固定自在であることを特徴とする。
本発明による他の形態の股関置換装置は、近位端および遠位端を有する近位軸部を含む人工大腿骨移植片トライアル、前記近位軸部に対して長手方向へ摺動して調節自在に前記近位軸部と係合する本体部、および複数の遠位軸部を有し、前記近位軸部は近位端に前記本体部よりも幅広い面を有し、前記幅広い面は両側に各々が形成された一対の切欠き部を含み、かつ前記遠位軸部は前記近位軸部の遠位端へ固定自在であることを特徴とする。
【0012】
前記距トライアルにおいて、軸部に対する本体部の移動を阻止するために係止機構が設けられてよい。同様に、前記軸部から半径方向外側へ延在して前記本体部の一部を囲繞するカラーが設けられてよい。この場合、前記本体部と軸部は、前記カラーと前記軸部の遠位端間の所定点における距トライアルの直径が前記本体部が前記軸部の遠位端へ移動するに伴って増大し、かつ前記本体部が前記軸部の遠位端から離れる方向へ移動するに伴って縮小する形態であってよい。更に、前記軸部はフォーク付き器具と係合自在の切欠き部等の係合構造を近位端の両側に有する構成であってよい。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の更に完全な理解および本発明に付随する利点および特徴について理解を容易にするために添付図面を参照して本発明の実施形態を説明する。
図1を参照すると、本発明によるトライアルは軸部10、本体部12、ピン14、ばね16、および押しボタン18を示すために分解図で示されている。軸部10は近位端20および遠位端22を有し、かつ本体部12はトラニオン(筒耳部)24および遠位端26を有する。本体部12は軸部10の近位端20近くで軸部10と係合自在であり、軸部10に対して軸部10の近位端と遠位端間で所定間隔慴動自在である。
【0014】
ガイドまたはトラックが本体部12および軸部10の両方またはいずれか一方へ連結されて軸部10に対する本体部12の運動を案内する。例えば、図2に示されたように、軸部10は軸部10の第1面30から突出しかつ軸部10の近位端20および遠位端22間で所定間隔延在するトラック28を含む。図1に示されたように、本体部12はトラック28を受けるための切欠き部32を含む。ただし、他の形態において、本体部12は軸部10内で凹所をなすトラックと係合自在の隆起部を含む。この形態と関係なく、本体部12および軸部10の補足的ガイド/トラック/切欠き部は所定通路に沿った本体部12の運動、例えば長手方向移動、を制限し、かつ捩れまたは横変位等の望ましくない運動を阻止する。
【0015】
更に、係止機構が軸部10に対する本体部12の運動を阻止するために設けられてよい。図1および3に示されたように、本体部12は切欠き部32を横切りかつ押しボタン18の細長部を受けることのできる通路34を含んでよい。押しボタン18は、押しボタン18の一部が軸部10のトラック28の一部と接触、係合する第1位置から押しボタン18がトラック28から離脱する第2位置へ通路34内で移動自在である。図4に示されたように、押しボタン18はばね16により第1位置へ付勢される。図5は第2位置の押しボタン18を示す。押しボタン18は押しボタン18の本体部12への挿入深さを制限するために本体部12と係合する拡大頭部36を含む。押しボタン18は、また、ピン14およびトラック28の一部を受ける切欠き部38を含む。図2に明瞭に示されたように、トラック28は第1および第2横溝40および42を含む。本体部12および軸部10を相互に対して慴動させるときに、切欠き部38は溝40,42に達するまでトラック28上またはトラック28に沿って上昇し、その後に、押しボタン18の端部44が溝40,42へ付勢される。端部44はばね16の付勢力を克服するに足る充分な力によって押しボタン18を本体部12へ押すことにより溝40,42から解放される。
【0016】
再度、図1および2を参照すると、カラー46は軸部10から半径方向外側へ延在する。カラー46は図6に示されたように、本体部12の一部を囲繞し、かつ図7および8に示されたように、切除された骨面上に設置できる寸法である。カラー46と軸部10の遠位端22とは一定間隔をおいている。カラー46は本体部12の形状に適合する曲率を有する孔48を形成し、かつそこへ本体部12を受ける。
【0017】
図7および8へ戻ると、距トライアルの使用がそれぞれの切除大腿骨50および52との関係で示されている。大腿骨に距トライアルを受ける準備がされると、距トライアルの遠位端22は骨髄管54,56へ挿入される。図7および8から理解されるように、カラー46から軸部10の遠位端22までの全長が骨髄管54,56へ挿入される。これは骨髄管54,56が置換股軸を収容できる深さおよび幅まで切削されたことを外科医に確証する。そこで、外科医は頭部36高さ、または本体部12へ固定された頭部60上の参照点とカラー46間の間隔を調整して人工股軸長を決定するために必要に応じて軸部10に対して本体部12を慴動させる。図7において、本体部12は軸部10に対して頭部高さ45mmに位置決めされ、他方、図8において頭部高さは55mmである。次に、距トライアルを骨髄管54,56から除去し、かつ決定された長を有する人工股軸が股軸群から選択される。選択された股軸は骨髄管54,56へ固定される。
【0018】
上記図面から理解されるように、カラー46下の距トライアルの近位部は、大腿骨内への距トライアルの密着を確実にするために、その軸の中間部もしくはその遠位端22よりも広い。距トライアルは、実際の置換軸よりも僅かに大きく切削された(置換軸を包囲する骨セメントのための空間をつくる)骨髄管を充填するために、カラー46下の近位部における実際の置換軸よりも僅かに大きい。更に、軸部10および本体部12は、カラー46と軸部10の遠位端間の所定点で距トライアルの直径が、本体部12の軸部10の遠位端22方向への移動に伴って増大し、かつ本体部12の軸部10の遠位端22からの移動に伴って縮小するように形成される。従って、切除が行われるか否かと関係なく、距トライアルの寸法および形状はブローチ(探査)された骨髄管の寸法および形状に対応する。
【0019】
距トライアルは、通常、骨髄管内へ非常に滑めらかに着座するので、本発明による距トライアルは、更に、距トライアルの骨髄管への挿入および骨髄管からの抜去時に使用できる特徴を有する。例えば、図2を参照すると、軸部10の近位端20は軸部10上の一対の反対向きの切欠き部62および64等の器具係合構造を含む。図10に示された器具66は、2つの切欠き部62および64にそれぞれ係合する第1および第2フォーク部もしくはフォーク状に分かれた分岐68および70を含む。2つの分岐間の空間はその器具の本体部12への滑合を可能にするために本体部12の形状に対応する。これは器具の本体部12および軸部10との軸方向整列を確実にする。各分岐68および70はそれぞれ角度を付けた端部もしくは歯72および74を含んでよい。ハンドル76は器具66を牽引または押圧すために容易に把持できる構造を有しかつマレットストライキング(槌打ち)に好適な面を提供する。切欠き部62,64はセルクラージュケーブルの配向に使用される置換軸の切欠きに類似するので、同一器具66がトライアルおよび置換軸の両者の挿入および抜去に使用できる。
【0020】
図10は骨髄管へ距トライアルを挿入するために距トライアルに対して位置決めされた器具66を示し、ここでは歯72,74は切欠き部62、64と係合せず、本体部12の両側のカラー46上に直接当接している。
図11は骨髄管から距トライアルを抜去するために距トライアルに対して位置決めされた器具66を示し、ここでは歯72,74は切欠き部62,64と係合する。フォーク付き器具は、このようにして、その挿入および抜去時に均一分布力を軸部10に付与する。
【0021】
トライアル、特に、長い股軸用のトライアルに関する他の問題は、長いトライアルが大腿骨の曲率もしくは湾曲を考慮しなければならないことである。従って、本発明は、更に、遠位軸部の形態に依存して、トライアル軸を長くでき、かつ適切な大腿骨移植に必要な曲率を有するモジュール軸を提供する。
例えば、図12は近位軸部78、遠位軸部80、および連結要素82を有するトライアルの1形態の分解図である。近位軸部78は本体部12の係合に関するまたは器具66に関する上述の特徴の1以上を有するものであってよい。選択的に、近位軸部78は上述の特徴を含まず、当分野に既知のトライアルの特徴を有するものであってよい。
【0022】
図示形態において、近位軸部78は図1から11に図示された軸部10と略同一長さを有し、従って、連結要素82または遠位軸部80を含むことなく、上述のごとく使用できる。ただし、遠位軸部80が近位軸部78へ結合されたときに、そのトライアルの全長は伝統的単一ピースの長軸トライアルの全長に相当する。他の実施形態において、近位軸部78は軸部10よりも長くまたは短く、かつ従って、遠位軸部80は図12に図示された軸部よりも長いかまたは短い。
【0023】
遠位軸部80が直状または近位軸部78と同軸であってよいが、図示形態において、遠位軸部80は湾曲または角状部を含み、遠位軸部80のある部分または全部が近位軸部78と同軸にならない。この曲率または角度は遠位軸部80の形状により、かつ/または所定角度でその軸部を結合することにより付与されてよい。集合的に、この軸の曲率または角度は『湾曲』と呼ぶ。
【0024】
続いて図12を参照すると、遠位軸部80は選択的に近位軸部78と転換設置可能である。即ち、解倍学的前後面で観察した場合、左右の大腿骨の屈曲は対称的に反対になっているので、距トライアルを左大腿骨に使用するか右大腿骨に使用するかによって距トライアルの長軸に対する湾曲配向を反対にする必要があり、図示例において、遠位軸部80を近位軸部78に対して180°転換設置する必要があり、かつ連結要素82を介して配置転換できる。それによりそのトライアルを第1またはその反対の第2方向へ湾曲させる。例えば、左大腿骨の屈曲に適合する第1配向で近位軸部78に対して第1方向で遠位軸部80を連結するか、またはその反対方向の第2方向へ180°転換して右大腿骨の屈曲に適合する第2配向で近位軸部78に対して遠位軸部80を連結して、距トライアルを湾曲させる。そのようにして、トライアルは付加的部品を必要とすることなく左右いずれの大腿骨にも使用できる。図示形態において、可逆性を促進する構造は近位軸部78に形成された長孔86内に受けることのできる小身84を遠位軸部80上に含む。小身84および長孔86は遠位軸部80および近位軸部78を精確配向で確実に合致させ、かつその配向が不本意に変化しないようにする。例えば、遠位軸部80と近位軸部78を、円筒要素を円筒ボアへ摩擦嵌めにより、または螺合により簡単に結合する場合、精確な配向は得られない。
【0025】
長孔86および小身84は近位軸部78および遠位軸部80のそれぞれの小径部88および90上に位置決めできる。小径部88および90はねじ切りされかつ連結要素82のねじ孔92内に受けることができるものであってよい。連結要素82は、連結要素82を手によりまたは器具と共に握ることができかつ上記軸部の一方または両方に対する回転を可能にして両軸部間の螺合を可能にする細長い交互隆起94と陥没96から成る等の表面組織部を含んでよい。このようにして、連結要素82は近位軸部78と遠位軸部80とを係止させる。ただし、両軸部を精確な配向で結合し、かつ分離連結要素を伴うことなく保持できる他の形態が意図されている。
【0026】
図13は図12のトライアルの組立状態を示す。この場合、連結要素82は連結要素82を結合した両軸部の最大径に近似の最大径を有する。
図14は近位軸部78と遠位軸部80間の連結の一部を示す部分図であり、小身84と長孔86の係合を明瞭に表している。図示小身84と長孔86は優れた転換自在の連結を可能にするが、両軸部を結合する他の構造が意図されており、特定図示連結は本発明の制限例ではない。
【0027】
以上、本発明は例示形態を参照して説明されたが、本発明の精神および範囲を逸脱することなく種々の他の変更、省略、付加が形態および細部について可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本体部および軸部を示す本発明によるトライアルの分解図である。
【図2】 図1のトライアルの軸部の斜視図である。
【図3】 図1の本体部の上面図である。
【図4】 係合位置の係止機構を示すトライアルの断面図である。
【図5】 離脱位置の係止機構を示すトライアルの断面図である。
【図6】 組立形態の図1のトライアルの側面図である。
【図7】 本体部の第1高さで大腿骨へ挿入された本発明によるトライアルの側面図である。
【図8】 本体部の第2高さで大腿骨へ挿入された本発明によるトライアルの側面図である。
【図9】 挿入−抜去器具の斜視図である。
【図10】 大腿骨へトライアルを挿入するためにトライアルに係合した図9の器具を示す斜視図である。
【図11】 抜去位置の挿入−抜去器具を示す側面図である。
【図12】 モジュール型軸部を有するトライアルの1形態の分解図である。
【図13】 組立状態の図12のトライアルの斜視図である。
【図14】 第1軸部と第2軸部管との間の連結を示す部分図である。
【符号の説明】
10…軸部
12…本体部
14…ピン
20…近位端
22…遠位端
26…遠位端
18…押しボタン
28…トラック
32…切欠き部
46…カラー
50,52…大腿骨
54,56…骨髄管
62,64…切欠き部
66…器具
68…分岐
78…近位軸部
80…遠位軸部
82…連結要素
84…小身
86…長孔

Claims (1)

  1. 近位端および遠位端を有する近位軸部、
    前記近位軸部の遠位端に対して外方へ取付自在の近位端、および遠位端を有する連結要素、ならびに
    近位端および遠位端を有する遠位軸部を有し、
    前記遠位軸部の近位端は、第1配向において前記連結要素の遠位端と係合自在に連結して前記遠位軸部を前記近位軸部に対して第1方向へ湾曲させる構成であり、かつ前記遠位軸部は、第1配向から180°転換する第2配向において前記連結要素の遠位端と係合自在に連結されて前記近位軸部に対して、第1方向と反対の第2方向へ湾曲する、ことを特徴とする距トライアルの軸部
JP2002337146A 1997-06-27 2002-11-20 距トライアルの軸部 Expired - Lifetime JP4249471B2 (ja)

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US08/884588 1997-06-27
US08/884,588 US5888208A (en) 1997-03-26 1997-06-27 Modular hip trial for long stems

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JP18248898A Division JP3443003B2 (ja) 1997-03-26 1998-06-29 距トライアルおよび股置換装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7235106B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2007-06-26 Depuy Products, Inc. Modular hip stems and associated method of trialing
US7022141B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2006-04-04 Depuy Products, Inc. Alignment device for modular implants and method
US7854737B2 (en) * 2002-12-20 2010-12-21 Depuy Products, Inc. Instrument and associated method of trailing for modular hip stems

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3417609A1 (de) * 1984-05-11 1985-11-14 Waldemar Link (Gmbh & Co), 2000 Hamburg Anordnung zum herstellen einer anatomisch angemessenen endoprothese
DE8903850U1 (ja) * 1989-03-21 1989-06-01 Orthoplant Endoprothetik Gmbh, 2800 Bremen, De
US4963155A (en) * 1989-08-30 1990-10-16 Zimmer, Inc. Attachment mechanism for modular surgical products
FR2660857B1 (fr) * 1990-04-11 1997-12-12 Astel Sarl Dispositif d'assemblage demontable d'une tete prothetique d'essai.
US5100407A (en) * 1990-09-04 1992-03-31 Pfizer Hospital Products Group, Inc. Modular trial hip replacement system
US5507817A (en) * 1994-02-22 1996-04-16 Kirschner Medical Corporation Modular humeral prosthesis for reconstruction of the humerus
AU2351395A (en) * 1994-06-30 1996-01-25 Howmedica Inc. Modular femoral trial hip replacement system
US5569263A (en) * 1995-01-12 1996-10-29 Orthopaedic Innovations, Inc. Adjustable provisional articulating device

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EP1234559A3 (en) 2002-09-04
EP1234559B1 (en) 2007-12-26
DE69814528T2 (de) 2004-04-08
DE69833577D1 (de) 2006-04-27
EP1234558A3 (en) 2002-09-11
EP1234558B1 (en) 2006-03-01
DE69838917D1 (de) 2008-02-07
EP1234559A2 (en) 2002-08-28
DE69814528D1 (de) 2003-06-18
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DE69838917T2 (de) 2009-01-08
DE69833577T2 (de) 2007-01-25

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