JP4230943B2 - How to create a coral reef - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for forming a coral reef by forming a coral bottom hole that has a high coral larvae bottoming rate and survival rate and is capable of satisfactorily fixing the coral, and to be used in the method. The present invention relates to a coral settlement base block, a concrete block, a concrete structure, and the like.

  Coral reefs are known to have a wide variety of functions such as biological production functions, environmental purification functions, landscape functions, disaster prevention functions, etc., but in recent years due to changes in the natural environment, Coral reefs are decreasing. Therefore, attempts have been made to artificially create coral reefs.

  As a coral reef creation method (experimental stage) implemented so far, wave-dissipating blocks (or root-blocking blocks) having irregularities of various shapes on the surface are prepared and installed on the sea floor or in the sea. A method of promoting the settlement of reef coral planula larvae is known.

  In this construction method, a hardened concrete surface is engraved with a groove, and a number of grooves having a depth of 1 to 2 mm and a length of several centimeters are engraved, or a drill is used to make a diameter of 1 cm and a depth of 1 cm. A large number of holes of the same size are drilled, or the underwater bond is thickly applied to the concrete surface and cured as it is, and the triangular pillar-shaped protrusions (height 1 cm, width 1 cm, long by the cured underwater bond) A concrete block with irregularities on the block surface, such as by sticking concrete squares (height 1 cm, width 1 cm, length 50 cm) to the concrete surface with an underwater bond. is doing.

  Although not intended for fixing coral, a block having a surface with various irregularities is known as a construction block described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-50929. May be used for coral settlement.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-50929

  However, when the wave-dissipating block manufactured by the above method is used for coral settlement, there are the following problems. When a concrete block is installed on the seabed for a long period of time, floating mud or the like accumulates on the upward surface among the surfaces constituting the block. Therefore, of the unevenness formed on the surface of the block, those with a low roughness (for example, grooves and holes formed using scissors and drills) will be filled with deposits several years after installation. There is a possibility that.

  Moreover, when it is going to form an unevenness | corrugation in the block surface by sticking an underwater bond or concrete square material, there exists a problem that an operation | work is complicated and manufacturing requires time.

  In addition, when the erection block described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-50929 is used for coral settlement, there are the following problems. First, this construction block has irregularities formed on the upward horizontal surface (top surface), but this part has a high possibility of accumulation of floating mud as described above, and coral larvae settled down. It is difficult, and even if it reaches the bottom, if it is buried by sediment, the coral will die. In addition, a large number of grooves are formed on the side surface of the building block, but even if such a continuous groove is set to be relatively narrow, it will become wider in the extending direction, so There is a high possibility of encountering food damage caused by fish.

  In addition, when manufacturing a wave-dissipating block, raw concrete is placed in a mold, and before curing, various shapes of equipment (columnar shape) are applied to the concrete surface exposed at the casting opening of the mold. Even if you push a bar, square bar, pipe, etc.) or draw a groove, you can get a wave-dissipating block with irregularities on the surface, and consider using this as a coral epidemic It is done.

  However, according to this method, there is a problem that only the surface of the concrete exposed at the placement port can be processed, and unevenness cannot be formed over the entire surface of the block.

  In addition, after placing the ready-mixed concrete in the formwork, even if the work of spacing that should be performed is omitted, the air remaining between the inner surface of the formwork and the placed concrete causes unevenness on the surface. However, there is a problem that the shape, size, and quantity of the formed irregularities cannot be manipulated.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and has a coral bottom hole for coral larvae having a high bottoming rate and a high survival rate and capable of fixing coral well. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a coral reef by forming, and a coral-growth base block, a concrete block, a concrete structure, and the like used therefor.

Reefs method Construction according to claim 1 of the present invention, concrete block having a plurality of coral-grounding holes on the surface, or a concrete structure, the seabed, or to construct a reef by placing in the sea That is, the hole for bottoming is recessed in a direction perpendicular to the surface where the opening is formed, and has a recess whose depth dimension is set to 0.5 to 3 cm , this recess, as the upper edge of the opening becomes the overhang, is characterized by harsh portion formed by hollowed upwardly at a position higher than the upper edge of the opening portion is formed.

In these methods, among the constituent surfaces of the concrete block or the concrete structure, only on the vertical surface, only on the downward surface, or only on the upward steep slope (inclined surface of 40 ° or more), Or, only on the vertical and downward surfaces, or only on the vertical and upward steep slopes, or only on the downward and upward steep slopes, or only on the vertical, downward and upward steep slopes. It is preferable to form a rubber or silicon mold auxiliary material having a projection that fits into the bottom hole on the inner surface of the mold, and concrete is placed in the mold. It is preferable to use a concrete block or a concrete structure molded by the above method.

  The “vertical surface”, “downward surface”, and “steep slope” mentioned here include not only a flat surface but also a curved surface. Of the curved surface, a portion where the tangent is vertical is “ A "vertical plane", a portion where the tangential inclination angle is 40 ° or more is a "steep slope", and a portion where a line perpendicular to the tangent is downward is a "downward surface".

The coral reef creation method according to claim 2 of the present invention is such that a concrete block or a concrete structure in which a coral settlement base block having a coral landing hole is attached to the surface is installed on the seabed or in the sea. The coral reef is created by the process, and the bottom hole is depressed in a direction perpendicular to the surface on which the opening is formed , and the depth dimension is set to 0.5 to 3 cm. has been recess, the recess, as the upper edge of the opening becomes an overhang, acrid portion formed by hollowed upward is formed at a position higher than the upper edge of the opening It is characterized by that.

The coral settlement base block according to claim 3 of the present invention has a large number of coral bottom holes formed on the surface, and these bottom holes correspond to the surface on which the opening is formed. It has a recess that is depressed in the vertical direction and the depth dimension is set to 0.5 to 3 cm, and this recess has an upper edge of the opening so that the upper edge of the opening becomes an overhang. It is characterized in that a collar portion that is bent upward at a higher position is formed .

Incidentally, in these corals epiphytic foundation blocks, all constituent surface is a vertical surface, lower surface, or, preferably either der Rukoto upward steep.

In the concrete block according to claim 4 of the present invention, a number of coral bottom holes are formed on the surface, and these bottom holes are perpendicular to the surface on which the openings are formed. It has a recess that is depressed toward the depth and the depth dimension is set to 0.5 to 3 cm, and this recess is higher than the upper edge of the opening so that the upper edge of the opening becomes an overhang It is characterized in that a flange portion that is bent upward at a position is formed .

  The composite according to claim 12 of the present invention is provided on the upward horizontal surface and / or the upward gentle slope of the concrete block according to claim 10 or 11, and the coral settlement substrate according to claim 9. By attaching the block, the ratio of the vertical surface, the downward surface, and the upward steep slope among the constituent surfaces is 80% or more (area ratio) of the entire surface area.

The concrete structure according to claim 5 of the present invention has a large number of coral bottoming holes formed on the surface, and these bottoming holes are perpendicular to the surface on which the opening is formed. It has a recess that is depressed toward the direction and has a depth dimension set to 0.5 to 3 cm, and this recess has an upper hang over the opening so that the upper edge of the opening becomes an overhang. It is characterized in that a collar portion that is bent upward at a high position is formed .

  According to the coral reef building method according to the present invention, the coral is attached to the original function of the concrete block or concrete structure to be applied, such as a wave-dissipating block, a consolidation block, a breakwater, a breakwater, and a caisson. A function as a raw base can be added, and accordingly, a coral reef can be suitably created on the seabed or in the sea to be created.

  Moreover, if the coral settlement base block, concrete block, or concrete structure of the present invention is used, it is possible to effectively protect the established coral from pests and to improve the survival rate. Moreover, this coral settlement base block etc. can avoid suitably the bad influence by floating mud etc., and can aim at the improvement of the coral bottoming rate and survival rate by this.

  Further, the bottoming holes formed in these coral settlement base blocks and the like have a structure that is not easily affected by light, and can suitably promote the bottoming of the planula larvae.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The “coral reef creation method” according to the present invention is applied to the surface of a concrete block (such as a wave-dissipating block or a rooting block) or a concrete structure (such as a breakwater, a breakwater or a caisson) installed on the seabed or in the sea. 1. In addition to the original functions (wave-dissipating function, rooting function, wave-proofing function, etc.) in concrete blocks and concrete structures by forming a large number of coral settlement holes 3 and 4 as shown in FIG. In addition, a function as a "coral settlement base" is added, and the coral reef is suitably constructed by promoting the settlement of the coral larvae and improving the survival rate of the established corals. be able to. These bottoming holes 3 and 4 do not form continuous irregularities like a long groove, but are independent and arranged at a predetermined interval.

As illustrated, the bottoming holes 3 and 4 have a circular shape of the opening 8 and are directed in a direction perpendicular to the surface on which the opening 8 is formed (opening 8 In the case where the forming surface is a vertical surface of the concrete block S or the concrete structure S, the surface has a recessed portion 9 that is recessed from the opening 8 toward the horizontal direction. In the recess 9 of the bottoming hole 4 in FIG. 2, a ridge 10 crushed upward (indicated by a diagonal line in FIG. 2) at a position higher than the upper edge of the opening 8 . Are formed).

  In the present embodiment, the diameter C of the opening 8 is set to 5 cm, and the depth D of the recess 9 (the dimension from the opening 8 to the deepest part of the recess 9) is set to 2.7 cm. In addition, in the bottoming hole 4 of FIG. 2, the height E of the flange 10 (the dimension from the upper edge of the opening 8 to the top of the flange 10) is 1.1 cm, and the width F of the flange 10 (opening). The maximum width dimension in the direction perpendicular to the surface on which the portion 8 is formed is set to 2.2 cm. However, it is not necessarily limited to this size. The diameter C of the opening 8 is in the range of 1 to 5 cm, and the depth D of the recess 9 is in the range of 0.5 to 3 cm. The height E of 10 can be arbitrarily set in the range of 0.5 to 2.5 cm, and the width F of the flange portion 10 can be arbitrarily set in the range of 0.3 to 2.5 cm.

  Further, with respect to the bottoming hole 3 in FIG. 1, the position of the deepest portion of the concave portion 9 is not particularly limited, but at least the depth dimension at the upper edge portion 8a of the opening portion 8 is secured about 0.5 to 3 cm. It is necessary.

  In the present embodiment, these bottoming holes 3 and 4 are vertical surfaces, downward surfaces, and upward steep slopes (inclinations of 40 ° or more) among the constituent surfaces of the concrete block S or the concrete structure S. Surface) only.

  Since the structure and dimensions of the bottoming holes 3 and 4 are set as described above, the coral reef creation method according to the present embodiment can preferably avoid adverse effects due to floating mud, etc. Thus, it is possible to improve the bottoming rate and survival rate of corals. More specifically, the size of the coral planula larvae varies depending on the species, but is generally as small as 1 mm or less, so it is difficult to settle in places where floating mud is deposited. Also, if the polyp is covered with floating mud after bottoming, it can be removed to some extent by mucus secretion or cilia, but a large amount of floating mud accumulates and the polyp is buried And it will die.

  Of the surfaces constituting the concrete block S and the concrete structure S, floating mud or the like is likely to accumulate on the upward horizontal surface or the upward gentle slope (an inclined surface of less than 40 °). The bottom rate is low. Moreover, even if the bottoming holes 3 and 4 are formed in such a place, there is a possibility of being buried by deposits. Furthermore, since the upward horizontal plane and the upward gentle slope are likely to be exposed to sunlight, there is a large amount of seaweed growth and there is a possibility of competing with corals. Therefore, even if a large number of bottoming holes 3 and 4 are formed on an upward horizontal surface or an upwardly gentle slope, the effectiveness is very low.

  On the other hand, there is almost no risk of accumulation of floating mud on the downward surface or vertical surface, and even on the upward surface, floating mud or the like can accumulate on a steep slope (an inclined surface of 40 ° or more). Sex and the possibility of competing with seaweeds is reduced. In the present embodiment, as described above, since the bottom holes 3 and 4 are formed only on the vertical surface, the downward surface, and the upward steep slope of the concrete block S or the like, they are filled with deposits. Such a situation and competition with seaweed can be suitably avoided, and the bottoming rate and survival rate of corals can be improved.

  1 and the bottoming hole 4 in FIG. 2 are both the bottom surface 9a of the recess 9 (a part of the inner peripheral surface of the recess 9) when the opening 8 is vertical. And it is comprised so that the surface connected from the lower edge part 8b of the opening part 8 to the back of the recessed part 9 may become a steep slope (40 degrees or more slope). Accordingly, it is possible to suitably avoid situations where floating mud or the like or seaweeds adhere to the bottom surface 9a of the bottoming holes 3 and 4. Even if a gentle slope (an inclined surface of less than 40 °) or a horizontal surface is interposed between the bottom surface 9a configured to be a steep slope and the lower edge portion 8b, the width may be a slight width. For example (for example, within 0.5 cm from the opening 8 in the depth direction), adverse effects due to floating mud and seaweed can be avoided.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the bottoming holes 3 and 4 have a structure that is not easily affected by light, and can suitably promote the bottoming of the planula larvae. More specifically, regarding the influence of light conditions (light intensity) on the settlement rate of coral planula larvae, “light has an action that directly inhibits the settlement of planula larvae, The effect is known to increase as the light intensity increases. " Moreover, in the experimental water tank installed in the dark room where there is almost no influence of light, the bottoming rate was higher than in the water tank exposed to light.

  Therefore, in order to improve the bottoming rate of the planula larvae, it is considered important to form as many shaded portions as possible. In order to realize this, it is necessary to form many so-called “overhangs”.

  In the present embodiment, a large number of bottoming holes 3, 4 are formed on the surface of the concrete block S or the like, and each of these bottoming holes 3, 4 has an opening 8 having a vertical surface, a downward surface, and an upward surface. Since it is formed on a steep slope, the upper edge of the opening 8 is overhanged, and the recess 9 formed inside the opening 8 is behind the overhang, so that the influence of light is reduced. Can do. Further, in the bottoming hole 4 in FIG. 2, the flange portion 10 formed above the recess 9 is formed at a position higher than the upper edge of the opening 8, so that the influence of light is extremely small. The bottoming of the planula larvae can be favorably promoted. In addition, since the possibility of accumulation of floating mud is reduced in the shaded area of the overhang, the bottoming rate of the coral is improved.

  In addition, the bottom holes 3 and 4 also serve as habitats for algal-eating conch shells. From this viewpoint, the bottom holes 3 and 4 contribute to improving the survival rate of corals. Will do. More specifically, corals are animals and mainly inhabit by supplementing plankton, etc., but they have a symbiotic relationship with the zooxanthellae in the body and benefit from the photosynthesis of the zooxanthellae. ing. Therefore, the place where sunlight does not reach is not suitable for coral habitat.

  However, because it competes with seaweeds in bright places, corals often settle in places that do not compete with seaweeds within the reach of sunlight, and on the contrary, seaweeds are thriving. In such places, the survival rate of corals is thought to be low. By the way, in the coral habitat, several types of algal-eating conch shells may inhabit. If these snails are inhabited, they will feed and remove seaweeds that compete with corals, so the survival rate of corals is high.

  Since snails have small holes corresponding to their body length as habitats, the bottoming holes 3 and 4 formed in this embodiment are also suitable as habitats for these snails. Therefore, according to this method, a suitable habitat for snails can be provided, and as a result, the survival rate of corals can be improved.

  Moreover, according to this method, the settled coral can be effectively protected from the pests, and the survival rate of the coral can be improved. This point will be specifically described. For fish that feed on corals, types that cut and swallow the coral skeleton together (for example, puffer fish, budai friends, etc.), types that poke corals, or eat mucous membranes and polyps (for example, There are butterflyfishes, damselfish, friends of Vera). Moreover, in organisms other than fish, oni starfish, white-faced snails, etc. are known as pests. The sea urchin star takes the stomach out of the mouth, covers the coral, removes the digestive juice, digests the tissue directly, and absorbs it. The white-faced snail is located on the coral and eats tissue directly in the mouth.

  The bottoming holes 3 and 4 formed in the present embodiment are not continuous as described above, and are independent from each other at a predetermined interval. Since the dimensions and arrangement conditions of the part 10) are set to be difficult to feed in consideration of the body length of the pests, the size of the mouth, etc., they have settled in the bottoming holes 3 and 4 Corals are less likely to encounter food damage than corals that have settled out of the bottom holes 3 and 4 and can effectively protect the corals that have settled. As a result, the survival rate of the corals is improved. be able to.

  As a concrete method for forming the bottom hole on the surface of the concrete block or concrete structure, there is a special formwork when manufacturing the concrete block or constructing the concrete structure. By using an auxiliary material, a concrete block having a bottoming hole on its surface from the beginning, or a method of molding a concrete structure (a method using a formwork auxiliary material) and a coral attachment having a bottoming hole There is a method of pasting a raw base block on an existing concrete block or an existing concrete structure (a method using a coral-growth base block).

  In addition, by combining these methods and using a formwork auxiliary material, a concrete block having a bottoming hole or a concrete structure is molded from the beginning, and the surface of the concrete block or concrete structure is formed. It is also possible to adopt a method of pasting a coral settlement base block.

  Each of these methods will be described in more detail. The “method of using a formwork auxiliary material” is a normal formwork used for molding concrete blocks or a normal form used when building a concrete structure. Prepare molds, and attach rubber or silicone mold auxiliary materials with protrusions that fit into the bottom holes on the inner surface of the molds. Concrete, underwater non-separable concrete, etc.) and demold when the concrete is cured after a predetermined curing period. Even if the bottoming holes have a complicated shape, the projections for forming these holes can be easily removed because they are formed of a flexible material made of rubber or silicon.

  The type of concrete block to be applied is not particularly limited, but in order for all the bottoming holes formed on the surface to function effectively, the vertical direction of the bottoming holes should be in the correct orientation. Moreover, it is necessary to install the concrete block in a correct posture so that the surface on which the bottoming hole is formed becomes a vertical surface, a downward surface, and an upward steep slope. For this reason, when applied to a block whose roots are determined in the vertical direction (such as a root block), rather than when applied to a wave-dissipating block (such as a quadruped block) that is piled up in the wave-dissipating work The bottom hole can function more effectively.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the “method using the coral-growth base block” forms the coral-growth base blocks 1 and 11 having a large number of bottoming holes 7 on the surface. Adhere the concrete block to an upward horizontal plane or upward gentle slope using an adhesive, or attach the coral-growth base blocks 21 and 31 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 to the vertical surface of the concrete structure. Paste using The coral settlement base blocks 1, 11, 21, 31 are made of rubber or silicon having protrusions that fit into the bottoming holes 7 according to the same procedure as the “method of using formwork auxiliary material” described above. Molding using the formwork auxiliary material.

  Here, the structure and function of the coral settlement base blocks 1, 11, 21, 31 shown in FIGS. 3 is a polyhedral concrete block formed by molding and hardening a concrete having a general composition. As shown in FIG. 3, the appearance shape is seven planes ( Two rectangular slopes 13 and 13 that are adjacent to each other with the ridgeline 2 sandwiched between them, each having an inclination angle of 50 °, two rectangular side faces 12 and 12 that are in contact with their lower edges, and a rectangular bottom face 5, respectively. And it is constituted by two deformed side surfaces 6, 6). Of these constituent surfaces, a large number of coral landing holes 7 are formed in the rectangular slopes 13 and 13, the rectangular side surfaces 12 and 12, and the deformed side surfaces 6 and 6. These bottoming holes 7 do not form continuous irregularities like a long groove, but are independent and arranged at a predetermined interval.

  The bottoming hole 7 has the same configuration as the bottoming hole 4 shown in FIG. 2, and the shape of the opening 8 is circular, and the surface on which the opening 8 is formed (rectangular side surface 12). Etc.) (in the case where the coral-growth base block 1 is placed so that the formation surface of the opening 8 is vertical), it is depressed in the horizontal direction. It is comprised by the recessed part and the collar part which is curled up from this recessed part 9 upwards.

  Since the structure and dimensions of the bottoming hole 7 are the same as those of the bottoming hole 4 shown in FIG. 2, the coral settlement base block 1 can effectively protect the established coral from pests. It can be expected, and the effect of improving the survival rate can be expected.

  Further, the bottoming hole 7 of the coral settlement base block 1 has a structure that is not easily affected by light, and can suitably promote the bottoming of the planula larvae. Furthermore, the bottoming hole 7 also has a function as a habitat for algal-eating snails. From this point of view, the bottoming hole 7 contributes to an improvement in the survival rate of corals. .

  Moreover, this coral settlement base block 1 can avoid suitably the bad influence by floating mud etc., and can aim at the improvement of the coral bottoming rate and survival rate by this. More specifically, as described above, among the surfaces constituting the block, floating mud or the like is likely to accumulate on an upward horizontal surface or an upward gentle slope (an inclined surface of less than 40 °). The bottoming rate will be low. Moreover, even if the bottoming hole 7 is formed in such a place, there is a possibility that it will be buried by the deposit. On the other hand, there is almost no possibility of accumulation of floating mud on the downward surface and the vertical surface, and even on the upward surface, if it is a steep slope (an inclined surface of 40 ° or more), floating mud or the like accumulates. The possibility is reduced. Therefore, the larger the proportion of the area occupied by the downward surface, the vertical surface, and the upward steep slope in the block surface area, the more effective bottoming holes 7 can be formed.

  As described above, the coral settlement base block 1 has seven planes (two rectangular slopes 13, 13, two rectangular side surfaces 12, 12, a bottom surface 5, and two deformed side surfaces 6, 6). It has a configuration that does not have an upward horizontal surface on which floating mud or the like is likely to accumulate and an upward gentle slope. Therefore, this coral settlement base block 1 can effectively use all the constituent surfaces as the installation target of the bottoming hole 7, and it is preferable that the bottoming hole 7 is filled with deposits. Therefore, it is possible to improve the coral bottoming rate and survival rate.

  As described above, the coral-growth base block 1 is formed by molding concrete, but is not necessarily limited to the one made of concrete, and may be formed of other materials such as ceramics. .

  4 is configured such that the bottom surface 5 is not horizontal but has a predetermined inclination angle. This is based on the assumption that the coral settlement base block 11 is not necessarily arranged only on a horizontal surface, and the installation location is a slope or the like. That is, by setting the bottom surface 5 to an angle corresponding to the inclination angle of the slope to be installed, the rectangular side surfaces 12 and 12 and the deformed side surfaces 6 and 6 are vertical as originally designed after installation. In addition, it is possible to maintain such an attitude that the upward-facing rectangular slopes 13 and 13 are both “steep slopes”.

  5 and 6 is shaped so as to have a large vertical mounting surface 15. This coral settlement base block 21 assumes a case where the installation place is a vertical side surface of a structure or the like. By increasing the vertical mounting surface 15 as much as possible, a sufficient bonding area and bonding strength can be obtained. Can be secured.

  In addition, the coral-growth base block 31 of FIG. 6 is formed with through-holes 14 and 14 respectively one above and one below. These through-holes 14 and 14 can be suitably used when a step of bottoming coral larvae in advance is carried out before the coral-growth substrate block 31 is attached to a structure or the like.

  Here, the process of bottoming coral larvae in advance in the bottoming hole 7 of the coral landing base block 31 will be briefly described. As shown in FIG. 7, a floating body 18 is installed on the sea surface, and a rope 20 (or a wire or the like) having one end connected to the floating body 18 is passed through a through-hole 14 (see FIG. 6) to coral settlement base block. 31 is suspended in the sea, and the coral larvae floating in the sea are settled in the bottoming hole 7. In addition, the lower end of the rope 20 is connected to the anchor 19 installed on the seabed G so that the suspended coral settlement base block 31 does not move from the installation sea area. In addition, in the case where the through-hole is not formed like the coral-growth base blocks 1, 11 and 21 shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, it is suspended from the floating body using a clamp or a hook.

  By carrying out such a process, the coral larvae are settled in the bottom hole 7 of the coral settlement base block 31 (or the coral settlement base block 1, 11, 21) in advance, and these are made into a concrete structure. When attached to an object or concrete block, a coral reef can be more reliably created in a shorter period of time than when an object that has not yet settled is attached to a concrete structure or the like.

  FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an installation example of the coral settlement base blocks 1, 11, 21, 31 of FIGS. 3 to 6. In this figure, the one in which the coral settlement base blocks 1 and 11 are pasted on the concrete block 16 having a large number of bottoming holes 4 from the beginning by the “method using a formwork auxiliary material” is the object to be created. The state where the coral settlement base blocks 21 and 31 are attached to the vertical surface of the breakwater 17 (concrete structure) is shown, which is disposed on the seabed G (bedrock, sand, etc.).

  In addition, since the concrete block 16 shown by FIG. 8 forms the hole 4 for bottoming in the well-shaped solidification block of a known shape, the basic shape is shown in FIGS. Like the coral settlement base blocks 1, 11, 21, 31, they are not designed with the intention of coral bottoming. Therefore, the proportion of the upward horizontal plane and the upward gentle slope is high, but as described above, even if the bottoming hole is formed in the upward gentle slope or the horizontal plane, it is buried by the deposit. Probability is high.

  Therefore, in the concrete block 16 having a known shape as a basic shape, the bottoming hole 4 is formed only on the steep slope, the vertical surface, and the downward surface among the constituent surfaces on which floating mud or the like is difficult to accumulate. . And on an upward gentle slope or a horizontal plane, the coral growth base block 1 (see FIG. 3) whose bottom surface is horizontal, or the coral growth base block 11 having a bottom angle suitable for the inclination angle of the slope to be attached (see FIG. 3) 4) is attached.

  When configured in this way, the ratio (area) of the upward gentle slope and the horizontal plane can be reduced based on the known block shape, and the surface that can be effectively used as the installation target of the bottoming hole (that is, The ratio of steep slopes, vertical planes, and downward planes) can be increased. In addition, it is preferable that the ratio of the steep slope, the vertical surface, and the downward surface is 80% or more of the surface area of the entire composite body of the concrete block 16 and the coral-growth base blocks 1 and 11.

  In addition, the concrete block 16 (and the coral-growth base blocks 1 and 11), when the coral is naturally grown in the vicinity, grasps the state of the settlement and the deep zone where the coral is naturally-grown. To place.

  The dark place inside the wave breaker where sunlight does not enter is not suitable for coral habitats, so when using it for wave breakers such as breakwaters and offshore breakwaters, the first layer in the underwater part (the top layer) ) Only for use. In addition, the place where the influence of floating mud and the influence of river water is large is not suitable for coral habitat, so this point should be taken into consideration when selecting the installation location. In addition, sea areas with many seafood that feed on corals have a low survival rate, so it is desirable to avoid such sea areas.

  Furthermore, when using it for coastal structures such as breakwaters and breakwaters, the use weight and the arrangement interval are determined by stable calculation with respect to physical conditions. Moreover, when installing the concrete block 16 on a natural bedrock or sandy ground, it installs in consideration of physical stability.

Sectional drawing of the hole 3 for bottoming formed in the concrete block S etc. in the coral reef formation method of this invention, and a front view. Sectional drawing of the hole 4 for bottoming formed in the concrete block S etc. in the coral reef formation method of this invention, and a front view. The front view of the coral growth base block 1 of this invention, and sectional drawing by the AA line of (1). The front view of the coral growth base block 11 of this invention, and sectional drawing by the AA line of (1). The front view of the coral growth base block 21 of this invention, and sectional drawing by the AA line of (1). The front view of the coral growth base block 31 of this invention, and sectional drawing by the AA line of (1). Explanatory drawing of the process of making a coral larva settle in the coral settlement base block 31 shown in FIG. The figure which shows the example of installation of the coral growth base block 1,11,21,31 of FIGS.

Explanation of symbols

1, 11, 21, 31: Coral settlement base block,
2: Ridge line
3, 4, 7: hole for bottoming,
5: Bottom,
6: Side profile,
8: opening,
8a: upper edge,
8b: lower edge,
9: recess,
9a: bottom surface,
10: Buttocks,
12: Rectangular side surface,
13: Rectangular slope,
14: through-hole,
15: vertical mounting surface,
16: Concrete block,
17: Breakwater,
18: Floating body
19: Anchor,
20: rope,
S: Concrete block or concrete structure

Claims (9)

A method of creating a coral reef by installing a concrete block having a coral landing hole on the surface or a concrete structure on the sea floor or in the sea,
The bottoming hole is recessed in a direction perpendicular to the surface where the opening is formed, and has a recess whose depth dimension is set to 0.5 to 3 cm ,
The recessed portion is formed with a ridge that is bent upward at a position higher than the upper edge of the opening so that the upper edge of the opening becomes an overhang. How to create a coral reef. A method for constructing a coral reef by installing a concrete block or a concrete structure having a coral settlement base block having a coral bottom hole on the surface , on the sea floor or in the sea,
The bottoming hole is recessed in a direction perpendicular to the surface where the opening is formed, and has a recess whose depth dimension is set to 0.5 to 3 cm ,
The recessed portion is formed with a ridge that is bent upward at a position higher than the upper edge of the opening so that the upper edge of the opening becomes an overhang. How to create a coral reef. A coral settlement base block in which a coral bottom hole is formed on the surface,
The bottoming hole is recessed in a direction perpendicular to the surface where the opening is formed, and has a recess whose depth dimension is set to 0.5 to 3 cm ,
The recessed portion is formed with a ridge that is bent upward at a position higher than the upper edge of the opening so that the upper edge of the opening becomes an overhang. Coral settlement base block. A concrete block with coral bottom holes formed on the surface,
The bottoming hole is recessed in a direction perpendicular to the surface where the opening is formed, and has a recess whose depth dimension is set to 0.5 to 3 cm ,
The recessed portion is formed with a ridge that is bent upward at a position higher than the upper edge of the opening so that the upper edge of the opening becomes an overhang. Concrete block. A concrete structure in which coral bottom holes are formed on the surface,
The bottoming hole is recessed in a direction perpendicular to the surface where the opening is formed, and has a recess whose depth dimension is set to 0.5 to 3 cm ,
The recessed portion is formed with a ridge that is bent upward at a position higher than the upper edge of the opening so that the upper edge of the opening becomes an overhang. Concrete structure. Of the constituent surfaces of the concrete block or the concrete structure, only on the vertical surface, only on the downward surface, only on the steep upward surface, only on the vertical surface and the downward surface, or on the vertical surface The bottoming hole is formed only on a steep slope facing upward, only on a steep slope facing downward, upward, or only on a steep slope facing upward, downward, and upward. 1. A method for creating a coral reef according to 1. A method for constructing a coral reef according to claim 1 or 6,
As the concrete block or the concrete structure , a rubber or silicon mold auxiliary material having a projection that fits into the bottom hole is attached to the inner surface of the mold, and the concrete is put in the mold. A method for constructing a coral reef characterized by using a material molded by casting. All constituent surface, vertical surface, lower surface, or, wherein any der Rukoto upward steep, coral epiphytic foundation block according to claim 3. By attaching the coral settlement base block according to claim 8 to the upward horizontal surface of the concrete block according to claim 4 and / or the upward gentle slope,
A composite of a concrete block and a coral-growth base block characterized in that the ratio of the vertical surface, the downward surface, and the steep slope facing upward is 80% or more of the total surface area among the constituent surfaces. .