JP4216447B2 - Swallowing aid - Google Patents

Swallowing aid Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4216447B2
JP4216447B2 JP2000239363A JP2000239363A JP4216447B2 JP 4216447 B2 JP4216447 B2 JP 4216447B2 JP 2000239363 A JP2000239363 A JP 2000239363A JP 2000239363 A JP2000239363 A JP 2000239363A JP 4216447 B2 JP4216447 B2 JP 4216447B2
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Prior art keywords
swallowing
viscosity
food
swallowing aid
sugar alcohol
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JP2000239363A
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JP2002051729A (en
Inventor
真理子 小川
正則 島根
弘 井手
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Nippon Meat Packers Inc
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Nippon Meat Packers Inc
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、飲食料の粘度を調整するための組成物に関する。より詳細には、本発明は飲食料に添加、溶解させることにより幼児及び嚥下困難者の食品として好ましい粘度を発現させる組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
高齢化社会の進展とともに、脳血管障害、パーキンソン病、アルツハイマー病などの疾病や、老化による歯牙欠損、口腔機能の低下などにより摂食・嚥下障害をもつ高齢者や患者が増加している。この嚥下障害をもつ患者あるいは高齢者が液状の食品を摂取する際に、むせて呼吸困難を起こしたり、誤って気管に食品が入ってしまう「誤嚥」により誤嚥性肺炎を引き起こし、高齢者や患者の健康を害す原因となっていることが知られている。
【0003】
一般に、口に入った食べ物は咀嚼された後口腔内で食塊が形成され、舌の動きにより咽頭へ送り込まれた後「嚥下反射」と呼ばれる反射により、一気に食道へと達する。この嚥下反射において、食物が気管に入らないよう蓋の役割をする咽頭蓋が食物の通過に合わせタイミングよく作用することが重要となる。
【0004】
脳血管障害などの疾病や高齢者において、口腔機能の低下や嚥下反射を司る部分に障害が起こると、口腔内の認識の低下や嚥下反射の遅れが生じ易く、咽頭通過のスピードが速い粘性の少ない水などの液体では、咽頭蓋が閉まる間もなく気管へと入っていく「誤嚥」やむせが生じやすくなる。
【0005】
この粘性の少ない液体に、粘度を与えることで、咽頭にゆっくりと送りこまれるとともに食塊形成がしやすくなり、咽頭蓋の動きが適性に行われるようになる。従って粘性の少ない飲食料を摂取する際にむせることがなく安全に嚥下できるよう液状食品を粘稠化させる必要が生じる。
【0006】
また、厚生省の高齢者用食品の「そしゃく・えん下困難者用食品」の規格においてゾルの粘度として、1500mPa・s以上の粘度が必要とされている。
【0007】
摂食・嚥下障害となった患者、高齢者に対し液体に添加混合することにより、粘稠化させる技術が開発されている。例えば、α化澱粉製剤とデキストリンの混合物がすでに市販されており(「トロメリン」株式会社三和化学研究所)、低温液状食品にも直接添加・混合することができるが、その使用量は粘性の発現が弱いため液状食品に対し4.7〜5.0%(W/V)以上の添加量を必要とする。このため、デンプン臭や粉臭が強くなるとともに、外観が白濁し、添加する前の液状食品が本来持っていた味や風味が糊状感によって包み込まれることにより大きく損なわれてしまう。
【0008】
また、温かいものには粘度の発現が弱く添加量をさらに多くする必要があり、より一層風味の低下が起こりやすかった。
【0009】
また、豆科の植物種子で水溶性に優れたグアーガムなどの増粘多糖類とデキストリンを混合した液状食品粘稠化剤においては、添加量が比較的少ないという利点があるものの、種子を収穫した年、場所により原料のばらつきが大きいためガムの精製度が低く、原料固有の豆臭を有する粉体となる。これにより添加する食品の風味を著しく変化させるとともに、増粘の発現が遅く粘度が経時的にゆるやかに増大していくことから、摂食時に粘度が変化しているという問題点があった。
【0010】
また、1%の添加により粘度が発現するが、添加量のわずかな増加で加速度的に粘度が増加するため、粘度の調整が難しかった。また、一定の粘度はつくもののはちみつの様に曳糸性が高く、口腔内の付着性が高いため、特に咽頭部に食品が付着したままとなり、返って不快感を生じるとともに、口腔衛生上好ましいものではなかった。これら、嚥下困難者においては、口腔内の細菌が肺に入ることにより「誤嚥性肺炎」が生じる場合もあり、口腔内の衛生を良好に保つことが必要である。
【0011】
脳血管障害や痴呆症の患者及び高齢者などこれら嚥下困難者の中には、誤嚥を防ぐ目的で嚥下補助剤を使用するように、入院中に指導を受けるにもかかわらず、嚥下補助剤の添加により味が損なわれ患者及び高齢者の食欲が低減したり、在宅介護に移行後は、味の低減や不快感によりこれらを添加した食品を避けるようになり、安易に使用をやめてしまう傾向にある。これにより、誤嚥性肺炎をくりかえしたり、低栄養、脱水症状などの栄養上の問題がしばしば生じていた。
【0012】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
高齢者や脳血管障害などの患者の中には、嚥下機能の低下により嚥下障害を起こし、水、牛乳、ジュース、お茶、みそ汁、スープなどの液状食品を摂食する際にむせて呼吸困難を起こしたり、誤って気管に入ることにより誤嚥性肺炎、を引き起こしたりする。この誤嚥を防ぐには、液状食品に適度な粘度をつけることが必要である。
【0013】
しかしながら、前述したように、これまで用いられた食品粘稠化剤においては、粘度を得ることが最優先され、添加された食品そのものが持つ味や色、香りなどが損なわれ、美味しさを損なうものであった。また粘性の増加に伴い口腔内の付着性も増加し、後味が悪く口腔衛生上においても好ましい物ではなかった。
【0014】
本発明は、このような従来技術の有する問題を解決することを目的とするものであり、その課題とするところは、液状食品へ簡便に粘稠性を付与することができ、しかも本来の食品が持つ味を損なうことのないようにして、その相乗的な機能を十分発揮させることで嚥下障害を起こしている者でも、これを食品に添加することで、その食品を容易且つ安全に嚥下することができる嚥下補助剤を提供することにある。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記課題を解決するために、リン酸架橋後にα化した加工澱粉を主成分とし、さらに糖アルコールと水溶性食物繊維を含む混合物であることを特徴とする嚥下補助剤を提供する。
【0016】
上記糖アルコールは、エリスリトール、キシリトール、ソルビトール、マルチトール、マンニトール、ラクチトール及び還元パラチノースの一種又は二種以上の組み合わせとしてもよい。
【0017】
上記糖アルコールの配合量が、粉末組成物の0.01〜10重量%、好ましくは0.4〜5.0重量%の範囲としてもよい。
【0018】
上記水溶性食物繊維が、難消化性デキストリン、コーンファイバー及びグアーガムの一種又は二種以上の組み合わせより成る構成としてもよい。
【0019】
上記水溶性食物繊維の配合量が、粉末組成物の0.01〜10重量%、好ましくは0.1〜8.0重量%の範囲である構成としてもよい。
【0020】
上記混合物が添加されて1500mPa・s以上の粘度が付与され、食品本来の味や香りを損なわせず、後味の悪さを与えない構成としてもよい。
【0021】
上記後味の悪さは例として、柑橘類若しくは該柑橘類の果汁を含むジュースに含まれるナリンギンに起因する苦味、茶に含まれるタンニン若しくはコーヒーに含まれるカフェインに起因する苦味、柑橘類若しくは該柑橘類の果汁を含むジュースに含まれる酸、又は果実若しくは野菜の汁を含むジュースの甘味を強く感じることによる後味の悪さを挙げることが出来るが、これらの例に限定されない。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係る嚥下補助剤の実施の形態を実施例に基づいて説明する。本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく、種々のα化澱粉について検討を重ねた結果、リン酸架橋後にα化した加工澱粉を主成分とし、さらに糖アルコールと水溶性食物繊維を含む混合物が添加したものに素早く粘性を与え、且つ、この粘性を維持する良好な増粘効果を示し、食品の味を損なわず口腔内に付着することなく、飲み込みやすいという知見を得た。このことから、上記混合物が、嚥下補助剤として好適であることを見いだし本発明を成すに至った。
【0023】
本発明の嚥下補助剤の主成分の一つである加工澱粉は、次のような特徴を有している。
(1)α化しかつリン酸架橋した加工デンプンであるため、低温液状食品への溶解性に優れ、少量で粘度を発現することから、増粘性に優れ粘度の立ち上がり安定性においても嚥下補助剤の基材として適している。
(2)デンプン粒が膨潤することによりさくいテクスチャーを有し、付着性が少なく口腔内に残存することなく飲み込みやすい。
(3)デンプン臭は全くなく、食品そのものの味や香りは本来のままで、他の嚥下補助剤にみられる糊状感により食品の味が包み込まれることがなく美味しさを損なわない。
【0024】
ところで、従来の飲料においては舌後方部分は一瞬で通りすぎてしまうことから味の強さは感じられず、味のバランスが保たれている。
【0025】
しかしながら、本発明の上記リン酸架橋後にα化した加工澱粉は添加した食品そのものの味を全く損なわず増粘効果が発現されることにより、嚥下時にゆっくりと咽頭へ送り込まれる結果、舌後方部分に食品が接している時間が長くなり、味を強く感じる傾向にある。
【0026】
嚥下補助剤の添加により食品そのものの味が強く感じられても、問題の生じない食品もあるが、問題が生じてくる場合もある。例えば、適度な苦みを好ましいとする柑橘類全般、例えば、グレープフルーツ、夏みかん、温州みかん等、若しくはこれら柑橘類の果汁を含むジュース類に含まれるナリンギン、緑茶やほうじ茶などに含まれるタンニン、又はコーヒーなどに含まれるカフェイン等が作用して、苦味が強く感じられることがある。また、柑橘類全般若しくは、それに由来するジュース類に含まれる酸味が強く感じられることがある。さらに、オレンジジュースなど果実や野菜の汁を含むジュースの甘みが強く感じられ後味が悪くなることもあった。
【0027】
そこで、本発明の嚥下補助剤は、リン酸架橋後にα化した加工澱粉単体だけでなく、糖アルコールの添加によりこれらの強く感じられる不味成分がマスキングされ、甘味のきれをよくし同時に後味が改善される作用もあわせ、本来の飲料がもつ味のバランスと爽快感を失うことがない。また糖アルコールは口腔内で細菌に利用されない非う触性をもつため、歯牙への影響が少ない。
【0028】
このように、糖アルコールの添加によって味の問題が解決されるが、糖アルコールを添加すると粘性が経時的に低下するという新たな問題が生じる。これを補うために、本発明に係る嚥下補助剤は、リン酸架橋後にα化した加工澱粉及び糖アルコールに加えて、水溶性食物繊維を適量添加することにより、粘性の経時的な低下を抑制して、良好な旨み効果が得られるべく嚥下補助剤として必要な粘性の維持を図っている。
【0029】
要するに、本発明に係る嚥下補助剤は、リン酸架橋後にα化した加工澱粉、糖アルコール及び水溶性食物繊維の3者を配合することにより、相乗的に、粘性を維持しながら後味の改善を図ったものである。なお、水溶性食物繊維は、整腸作用をも有するので、この点からの効果も期待できるところである。
【0030】
(実施例)
以下に、さらに本発明に係る嚥下補助剤の具体的な実施例を説明する。本発明で用いるリン酸架橋後にα化した加工澱粉は常法により、リン酸架橋後α化した加工澱粉を使用する。これに糖アルコール及び後述する水溶性食物繊維を適当な混合比でよく混和し、常法に従い、造粒、乾燥もしくは、流動層造粒法により顆粒化する。
【0031】
本発明で用いる糖アルコールとしては、例えばエリスリトール、キシリトール、ソルビトール、マルチトール、マンニトールなどが挙げられ、これらは1種用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。この配合量はその作用により粉末組成物の重量に基づき0.01〜10重量%の範囲であるが、好ましくは0.4〜5.0重量%の範囲である。
【0032】
また、本発明における水溶性食物繊維は、難消化性澱粉などを用い、具体的には、例えば、難消化性デキストリン、コーンファイバー、グアーガムなどが用いられる。これらを嚥下補助剤の粘度の性質、発現などを変えない程度に粉末組成物の重量に基づき0.01〜10重量%の範囲であるが、好ましくは0.1〜8%の範囲で添加する。
【0033】
難消化性デキストリンは一般的なデキストリンと異なり、ばい焼工程を得て脱色、脱臭されたデキストリンであり、各種アミラーゼで分解されない水溶性食物繊維である。従って、一般的なデキストリンの使用は分散性や溶解性を向上させることを目的とするが、難消化性デキストリンにおいては、粘度も高く粘性の改善のために用いる。
【0034】
その他の成分として、所望により粘度に影響を与えない範囲内において、ビタミン類、ミネラル、オリゴ糖、果汁などの呈味物やコーヒー粉末、ココア粉末、抹茶粉末などのフレーバー成分を適宜添加することができる。
【0035】
本発明の嚥下補助剤は少量を飲料に溶解させることにより短時間で増粘効果を発現し、長時間一定の粘度を保ち、かつ食品の風味を損なわず容易に嚥下できるようになり、さらに液状食品に添加する際は、食品の種類及び嚥下機能の程度、個人の体調などによって添加量を調整することにより適度な粘度を持たせることが可能である。
【0036】
本発明の嚥下補助剤は飲料だけでなく、ミキサー食など固形物を粉砕したものを食べやすく粘稠化したり、添加量を増やしてペースト状にし、保形性のある食事としても提供することが可能である。
【0037】
(試験例)
本発明の効果を確認するために、本発明の実施例について比較例とともに試験を行ったのでその試験方法及び試験結果を詳細に説明する。
【0038】
<試験例1>
リン酸架橋後にα化した加工澱粉、エリスリトール、水溶性食物繊維の配合比による水溶液の粘度の変化を試験した。
(1)試験方法
▲1▼本発明の試験品
リン酸架橋後にα化した加工澱粉、エリスリトール、難消化性デキストリンとを、配合比10:0:0(配合A)、9:1:0(配合B)9:0.5:0.5(配合C)8:1:1(配合D)で混和し、常法により造粒、乾燥、整粒して本発明の混合物形成した。
▲2▼試験方法
各混合物の4%水溶液を調整し、それぞれの粘度の変化を調べた。なお粘度測定は回転粘度計を用いて20℃で行った。
(2)試験結果は、次の表1の通りであった。
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 0004216447
【0040】
結果から明らかなように、糖アルコールと難消化性デキストリンの添加量が20%をこえると、高齢者用食品「そしゃく・えん下困難者用食品」の規格値を大幅に下回った。
【0041】
<試験例2>
次に、各配合を100mlのオレンジジュースに3g添加し、溶解性、オレンジジュースの味、香り、苦み、飲み込み易さについて官能検査を行った。結果は、表2に示す通りであった。
【0042】
【表2】
Figure 0004216447
【0043】
<試験例3>
本発明品である混合物(発明品処方Eという。)と市販品1、2との粘度に与える影響について試験を行った。
(1)試験方法
▲1▼発明品処方E
発明品処方Eは、次の成分を含む混合物を流動層造粒乾燥機を使用して、造粒、乾燥を行い、整粒して発明品処方E(本発明の嚥下補助剤)を得た。
リン酸架橋後にα化した加工澱粉 1000g
エリスリトール 20g
難消化性デキストリン 50g
イソマルトオリゴ糖 20g
▲2▼比較例である市販品1、2
市販嚥下補助剤トロメリン(三和化学研究所社製以下市販品1という)、シック&イージー(ドッド・ウエル社製以下市販品2という)の4%水溶液を調整し、それぞれの水溶液の粘度を測定した。
(2)試験方法、結果
▲1▼粘性試験
発明品処方E、市販品1、市販品2の4%水溶液を調整し、20℃で溶解後30分経過した溶液を回転粘度計により測定した。結果を表3に示す。
【0044】
【表3】
Figure 0004216447
【0045】
この試験結果によると、発明品処方Eが、低濃度で高い粘度を発現した。
【0046】
▲2▼粘度変化試験
発明品処方Eの時間経過にともなう粘度の変化を回転粘度計で測定した。その結果を次の表4に示す。
【0047】
【表4】
Figure 0004216447
【0048】
この試験結果によると、溶解後5分で安定した粘度を得られ、1時間経過しても粘度に変化はなく、良好な増粘効果の得られることが判明した。
【0049】
▲3▼嚥下食としての特性等の試験
発明品処方Eを冷たい麦茶100mlに4g、市販品1は100mlに4.8g、市販品2は5g添加し、飲み込み易さやべたつき感などの点は粘度が大きく影響するため、粘度が等しくなるようそれぞれ添加量を変えて実施した。対象者は嚥下困難者へリハビリテーションを実施している医療従事者9名に対し官能検査を行った。官能検査は、食品の色、つや、香りや食品本来が持つ味「呈味」に加え、嚥下食としての特性、飲み込み易さや残留感、べたつき、舌触りに関して、各項目に対し好ましいものを5点とし評点法により実施した。各項目の平均値の結果を表5に示す。
【0050】
【表5】
Figure 0004216447
【0051】
この結果、発明品処方Eは食品の外観に優れ、口腔内への残留感やべたつき感が少なかった。食品本来がもつ呈味を損なうことなく良好な効果を発揮する。
【0052】
以上本発明に係る嚥下補助剤について実施の形態を実施例に基づいて説明したが、このような実施例に限られるのではく、特許請求の範囲記載の技術的事項の範囲内においていろいろな実施例があることはいうまでもない。
【0053】
【発明の効果】
以上の構成からなる本発明に係る嚥下補助剤によると、この嚥下補助剤を液状食品に適量添加し、混合するだけできわめて容易に粘度を得ることができるものであり、嚥下障害をもつ患者及び高齢者が食品を安全に摂取できるうえできわめて有用なものである。
【0054】
さらに、本発明の嚥下補助剤は、従来の食品増粘剤に比べ高い増粘効果を有し、すみやかに溶解し安定した粘度が得やすいだけでなく、もとの食品がもつ味や香りに全く影響がなく、口腔内の付着が少ない良好な特徴を有するものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a composition for adjusting the viscosity of food and drink. In more detail, this invention relates to the composition which expresses a preferable viscosity as a foodstuff of an infant and a person with difficulty in swallowing by adding and dissolving to food / beverage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
With the progress of an aging society, elderly people and patients with eating / swallowing disorders are increasing due to diseases such as cerebrovascular disorders, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, tooth loss due to aging, and decreased oral function. When patients with this dysphagia or elderly people take liquid foods, they may have difficulty breathing or cause aspiration pneumonia due to “aspiration” that accidentally enters food into the trachea. And is known to be a cause of harm to patient health.
[0003]
In general, food that enters the mouth forms a bolus in the mouth after being chewed, and is sent to the pharynx by movement of the tongue, and then reaches the esophagus at a stretch by a reflex called “swallowing reflex”. In this swallowing reflex, it is important that the pharyngeal lid, which acts as a lid to prevent food from entering the trachea, acts in a timely manner as food passes.
[0004]
In diseases such as cerebrovascular disorders and the elderly, when the function of the oral cavity decreases or the part responsible for swallowing reflexes, the recognition of the oral cavity and the delay of swallowing reflexes are likely to occur, and the speed of passage through the pharynx is high. A small amount of liquid, such as water, is prone to “aspiration” and dumbness that enter the trachea soon after the pharyngeal lid closes.
[0005]
By giving viscosity to this low-viscosity liquid, it is slowly fed into the pharynx and facilitates the formation of a bolus, so that the movement of the pharyngeal lid is performed appropriately. Therefore, it is necessary to thicken the liquid food so that it can be safely swallowed without ingesting a food or drink with low viscosity.
[0006]
In addition, the viscosity of sol of 1500 mPa · s or more is required as the sol viscosity in the standard of “food for people with difficulty in swallowing” for food for the elderly by the Ministry of Health and Welfare.
[0007]
Techniques have been developed for thickening a patient or elderly patient with eating / swallowing problems by adding to and mixing with a liquid. For example, a mixture of pregelatinized starch preparation and dextrin is already commercially available ("Tromerin" Sanwa Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.) and can be directly added to and mixed with low-temperature liquid foods. Since the expression is weak, an addition amount of 4.7 to 5.0% (W / V) or more is required for the liquid food. For this reason, while the starch odor and powdery odor become strong, an external appearance becomes cloudy, and the taste and flavor which the liquid food originally had not added are wrapped by a paste-like feeling, and will be greatly impaired.
[0008]
In addition, a warm product has a weak viscosity and needs to be added in a larger amount, and the flavor is more likely to be lowered.
[0009]
In addition, the liquid food thickening agent, which is a mixture of thickening polysaccharides such as guar gum with excellent water solubility and dextrin with leguminous plant seeds, has the advantage that the amount added is relatively small, but the seeds were harvested. Since the raw material varies widely from year to year, the degree of purification of the gum is low, and the powder has a bean odor peculiar to the raw material. As a result, the flavor of the food to be added is remarkably changed, and the viscosity is slowly changed and the viscosity gradually increases with time.
[0010]
Moreover, although the viscosity is expressed by the addition of 1%, the viscosity is difficult to adjust because the viscosity is accelerated by a slight increase in the addition amount. In addition, although it has a certain viscosity, it has high spinnability like honey and high adhesion in the oral cavity, so that food remains attached to the pharynx, causing discomfort and being preferable for oral hygiene. It was not a thing. In those who have difficulty swallowing, “aspiration pneumonia” may occur due to bacteria in the oral cavity entering the lung, and it is necessary to maintain good oral hygiene.
[0011]
Among these difficult swallowing patients, such as patients with cerebrovascular disorders and dementia, and the elderly, swallowing aids, despite guidance during hospitalization, to use swallowing aids to prevent aspiration Taste is impaired by the addition of food, and the appetite of patients and the elderly is reduced, and after moving to home care, foods with these added are avoided due to taste reduction and discomfort, and tend to stop using easily It is in. This often resulted in repeated aspiration pneumonia and nutritional problems such as malnutrition and dehydration.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Some elderly and cerebrovascular disorder patients suffer from dysphagia due to a decrease in swallowing function, and breathing difficulties occur when eating liquid foods such as water, milk, juice, tea, miso soup, and soup. Cause aspiration pneumonia, or cause accidental entry into the trachea. In order to prevent this aspiration, it is necessary to give the liquid food an appropriate viscosity.
[0013]
However, as described above, in the food thickeners used so far, the highest priority is to obtain viscosity, and the taste, color, fragrance, etc. of the added food itself are impaired, and the taste is impaired. It was a thing. In addition, the adhesiveness in the oral cavity increased with the increase in viscosity, and the aftertaste was poor, which was not preferable in terms of oral hygiene.
[0014]
The object of the present invention is to solve such problems of the prior art, and the problem is that it is possible to easily impart consistency to liquid foods, and the original foods. Even if you have a dysphagia by fully exerting its synergistic function so as not to impair the taste of the food, you can swallow the food easily and safely by adding it to the food. It is to provide a swallowing aid that can be used.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a swallowing aid characterized in that it is a mixture comprising as a main component processed starch that has been gelatinized after phosphoric acid crosslinking, and further comprising a sugar alcohol and water-soluble dietary fiber.
[0016]
The sugar alcohol may be one or a combination of two or more of erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, lactitol, and reduced palatinose.
[0017]
The compounding quantity of the said sugar alcohol is good also as 0.01-10 weight% of a powder composition, Preferably it is good also as the range of 0.4-5.0 weight%.
[0018]
The water-soluble dietary fiber may be composed of one or a combination of two or more of indigestible dextrin, corn fiber and guar gum.
[0019]
It is good also as a structure which the compounding quantity of the said water-soluble dietary fiber is 0.01 to 10 weight% of a powder composition, Preferably it is the range of 0.1 to 8.0 weight%.
[0020]
The said mixture is added, the viscosity of 1500 mPa * s or more is provided, and it is good also as a structure which does not impair the original taste and fragrance of food, and does not give the bad aftertaste.
[0021]
Examples of the poor aftertaste include bitterness caused by naringin contained in citrus fruits or juice containing the citrus juice, bitterness caused by caffeine contained in tannin or coffee contained in tea, citrus fruits or juice of the citrus fruits. Although the aftertaste by feeling strongly the sweetness of the acid containing the juice contained, or the juice containing fruit or vegetable juice can be mentioned, it is not limited to these examples.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the swallowing aid according to the present invention will be described based on examples. As a result of studying various pregelatinized starches in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have, as a main component, a processed starch that has been pregelatinized after phosphoric acid crosslinking, and further containing a sugar alcohol and water-soluble dietary fiber. It was found that the material added quickly gave viscosity, and showed a good thickening effect to maintain this viscosity, and it was easy to swallow without impairing the taste of food and adhering to the oral cavity. From this, it has been found that the above mixture is suitable as a swallowing aid, and has led to the present invention.
[0023]
Processed starch which is one of the main components of the swallowing aid of the present invention has the following characteristics.
(1) Because it is processed starch that has been gelatinized and phosphoric acid cross-linked, it has excellent solubility in low-temperature liquid foods and expresses viscosity in a small amount. Suitable as a substrate.
(2) It has a crumpled texture due to swelling of the starch granules, has low adhesion and is easy to swallow without remaining in the oral cavity.
(3) There is no starchy odor, the taste and scent of the food itself remains the same, and the taste of the food is not wrapped by the pasty feeling found in other swallowing aids, and the taste is not impaired.
[0024]
By the way, in the conventional drink, since the back part of the tongue passes in an instant, the strength of the taste is not felt and the balance of the taste is maintained.
[0025]
However, the processed starch gelatinized after the phosphoric acid crosslinking of the present invention exhibits a thickening effect without impairing the taste of the added food itself, and as a result, it is slowly fed into the pharynx during swallowing. There is a tendency for foods to be in contact with each other for a longer time and a strong taste.
[0026]
Even if the taste of the food itself is strongly felt by the addition of a swallowing aid, there are some foods that do not cause problems, but problems may arise. For example, citrus fruits that favor moderate bitterness, for example, grapefruit, summer oranges, Unshu oranges, etc., or naringin contained in juices containing the juice of these citrus fruits, tannins contained in green tea, hojicha, etc., or coffee The bitterness may be strongly felt due to the action of caffeine. Moreover, the acidity contained in citrus fruits in general or juices derived therefrom may be felt strongly. Furthermore, the sweetness of juice including fruit juice and vegetable juice such as orange juice was felt strongly, and the aftertaste sometimes worsened.
[0027]
Therefore, the swallowing aid of the present invention masks not only the processed starch itself that has been gelatinized after phosphoric acid crosslinking but also the strongly felt taste components by the addition of sugar alcohol, improving the sweetness and the aftertaste at the same time. Combined with the improved action, it does not lose the taste balance and exhilaration of the original beverage. In addition, sugar alcohol has a non-corrosive property that is not used by bacteria in the oral cavity and thus has little effect on teeth.
[0028]
In this way, the addition of sugar alcohol solves the problem of taste, but the addition of sugar alcohol causes a new problem that the viscosity decreases with time. In order to compensate for this, the swallowing auxiliary agent according to the present invention suppresses a decrease in viscosity over time by adding an appropriate amount of water-soluble dietary fiber in addition to processed starch and sugar alcohol pregelatinized after phosphoric acid crosslinking. In order to obtain a good umami effect, the viscosity necessary as a swallowing aid is maintained.
[0029]
In short, the swallowing aid according to the present invention synergistically improves the aftertaste while maintaining the viscosity by blending the processed starch, sugar alcohol and water-soluble dietary fiber that have been pregelatinized after phosphoric acid crosslinking. It is intended. In addition, since water-soluble dietary fiber also has an intestinal action, the effect from this point can be expected.
[0030]
(Example)
Specific examples of the swallowing aid according to the present invention will be described below. The processed starch that has been gelatinized after phosphoric acid crosslinking used in the present invention is processed starch that has been gelatinized after phosphoric acid crosslinking by a conventional method. To this, a sugar alcohol and water-soluble dietary fiber described later are mixed well at an appropriate mixing ratio, and granulated, dried or granulated by fluidized bed granulation according to a conventional method.
[0031]
Examples of the sugar alcohol used in the present invention include erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol and the like, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The blending amount is in the range of 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the powder composition, but is preferably in the range of 0.4 to 5.0% by weight.
[0032]
In addition, as the water-soluble dietary fiber in the present invention, indigestible starch or the like is used, and specifically, for example, indigestible dextrin, corn fiber, guar gum or the like is used. These are added in the range of 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 8% based on the weight of the powder composition so as not to change the viscosity properties and expression of the swallowing aid. .
[0033]
Unlike general dextrins, indigestible dextrins are dextrins that have been decolored and deodorized by a roasting process, and are water-soluble dietary fibers that are not degraded by various amylases. Therefore, the general use of dextrin is aimed at improving dispersibility and solubility, but indigestible dextrin has a high viscosity and is used for improving the viscosity.
[0034]
Other ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, oligosaccharides, fruit juice, and other flavor components such as coffee powder, cocoa powder, and matcha powder may be added as appropriate within a range that does not affect the viscosity as desired. it can.
[0035]
The swallowing aid of the present invention exhibits a thickening effect in a short time by dissolving a small amount in a beverage, maintains a constant viscosity for a long time, and can be swallowed easily without impairing the flavor of the food. When added to food, it is possible to give an appropriate viscosity by adjusting the amount of food added depending on the type of food, the degree of swallowing function, and the physical condition of the individual.
[0036]
The swallowing aid of the present invention is not only a drink, but can be easily thickened by pulverizing solids such as a mixer meal, or can be provided in a paste-like form by increasing the amount added to provide a shape-retaining meal. Is possible.
[0037]
(Test example)
In order to confirm the effect of the present invention, tests of the examples of the present invention were conducted together with comparative examples, so the test methods and test results will be described in detail.
[0038]
<Test Example 1>
The change in the viscosity of the aqueous solution was tested depending on the blending ratio of processed starch, erythritol, and water-soluble dietary fiber that were pregelatinized after phosphoric acid crosslinking.
(1) Test method {circle around (1)} Test product of the present invention The processed starch, erythritol, and non-digestible dextrin that were pregelatinized after phosphoric acid crosslinking were mixed at a blending ratio of 10: 0: 0 (blending A), 9: 1: 0 ( Formulation B) 9: 0.5: 0.5 (Formulation C) 8: 1: 1 (Formulation D) was mixed, granulated, dried and sized according to a conventional method to form the mixture of the present invention.
(2) Test method A 4% aqueous solution of each mixture was prepared, and the change in viscosity of each mixture was examined. The viscosity was measured at 20 ° C. using a rotational viscometer.
(2) The test results were as shown in Table 1 below.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004216447
[0040]
As is clear from the results, when the addition amount of sugar alcohol and indigestible dextrin exceeded 20%, the standard value of the food for elderly people, “food for people with difficulty in swallowing”, was significantly lower.
[0041]
<Test Example 2>
Next, 3 g of each formulation was added to 100 ml of orange juice, and a sensory test was conducted on solubility, orange juice taste, aroma, bitterness, and ease of swallowing. The results were as shown in Table 2.
[0042]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004216447
[0043]
<Test Example 3>
The effect on the viscosity of the mixture of the present invention (referred to as invention formulation E) and the commercial products 1 and 2 was tested.
(1) Test method (1) Invention formulation E
Invention product formulation E obtained the product formulation E (swallowing aid of the present invention) by granulating and drying a mixture containing the following components using a fluidized bed granulator / dryer, and sizing the mixture. .
1000g of modified starch that was gelatinized after phosphoric acid crosslinking
Erythritol 20g
Indigestible dextrin 50g
Isomaltooligosaccharide 20g
(2) Commercial products 1 and 2 which are comparative examples
Prepare 4% aqueous solution of commercially available swallowing aids tromerin (hereinafter referred to as “commercial product 1” manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.) and Sick & Easy (hereinafter referred to as “commercial product 2” manufactured by Dod Well), and measure the viscosity of each aqueous solution. did.
(2) Test method, results (1) Viscosity test A 4% aqueous solution of Invention Product Formula E, Commercial Product 1, and Commercial Product 2 was prepared, and a solution 30 minutes after dissolution at 20 ° C. was measured with a rotational viscometer. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0044]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004216447
[0045]
According to the test results, Invention Formulation E developed a high viscosity at a low concentration.
[0046]
(2) Viscosity change test The change in viscosity of the invention product E with time was measured with a rotational viscometer. The results are shown in Table 4 below.
[0047]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004216447
[0048]
According to this test result, it was found that a stable viscosity was obtained 5 minutes after dissolution, and the viscosity did not change even after 1 hour, and a good thickening effect was obtained.
[0049]
(3) Tests for swallowing characteristics, etc. Add 4 g of invention product formulation E to 100 ml of cold barley tea, 4.8 g of commercial product 1 to 100 ml, and 5 g of commercial product 2 to improve ease of swallowing and stickiness. Therefore, the amount of addition was changed so that the viscosity became equal. The subject conducted a sensory test on nine health care workers who are rehabilitating those who have difficulty swallowing. The sensory test includes 5 items that are preferable for each item in terms of food color, luster, aroma, and the taste of food, “taste”, as well as swallowing characteristics, ease of swallowing, residual feeling, stickiness, and texture. It was carried out by the scoring method. Table 5 shows the average value of each item.
[0050]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004216447
[0051]
As a result, Invention Formulation E was excellent in the appearance of food, and there was little residual feeling in the oral cavity or stickiness. Demonstrates good effects without sacrificing the taste inherent in food.
[0052]
As described above, the embodiment of the swallowing aid according to the present invention has been described based on examples. However, the present invention is not limited to such examples, and various implementations can be made within the scope of the technical matters described in the claims. It goes without saying that there are examples.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
According to the swallowing aid according to the present invention having the above-described configuration, a viscosity can be obtained very easily by adding an appropriate amount of this swallowing aid to a liquid food, and mixing, and patients with swallowing disorders and It is extremely useful for elderly people to eat food safely.
[0054]
Furthermore, the swallowing aid of the present invention has a higher thickening effect than conventional food thickeners, and not only can it quickly dissolve and obtain a stable viscosity, but also the taste and aroma of the original food. There is no influence at all, and it has good characteristics with little adhesion in the oral cavity.

Claims (4)

リン酸架橋後にα化した加工澱粉を主成分とし、さらに糖アルコールと水溶性食物繊維を含む混合物が顆粒化されて成る嚥下補助剤であって、
上記糖アルコールの配合量が、粉末組成物の0.4〜5.0重量%の範囲であり、
上記水溶性食物繊維の配合量が、0.1〜8.0重量%の範囲であり、
摂取する液状食品に添加することで、該液状食品に増粘効果を発現させ、かつ該液状食品の風味を損なわず容易に嚥下できるようにして液状食品の嚥下を補助するために使用されることを特徴とする嚥下補助剤。
A swallowing aid comprising, as a main component, processed starch that has been pregelatinized after phosphoric acid crosslinking, and further granulated with a mixture containing sugar alcohol and water-soluble dietary fiber,
The amount of the sugar alcohol is in the range of 0.4 to 5.0% by weight of the powder composition,
The amount of the water-soluble dietary fiber is in the range of 0.1 to 8.0% by weight,
Used to assist swallowing of liquid foods by adding to the liquid foods to be ingested so that the liquid foods have a thickening effect and can be swallowed easily without losing the flavor of the liquid foods A swallowing aid characterized by
上記糖アルコールは、エリスリトール、キシリトール、ソルビトール、マルチトール、マンニトール、ラクチトール及び還元パラチノースの一種又は二種以上の組み合わせであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の嚥下補助剤。  The swallowing aid according to claim 1, wherein the sugar alcohol is one or a combination of two or more of erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, lactitol and reduced palatinose. 上記水溶性食物繊維が、難消化性デキストリン、コーンファイバー及びグアーガム分解物の一種又は二種以上の組み合わせより成ることを特徴とする請求項1又2記載の嚥下補助剤。  The swallowing aid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water-soluble dietary fiber comprises one or a combination of two or more of indigestible dextrin, corn fiber and guar gum degradation product. 上記混合物が添加されて1500mPa・s以上の粘度が付与され、食品本来の味や香りを損なわせず、後味の悪さを与えないことを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3記載の嚥下補助剤。  4. The swallowing aid according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the mixture is added to give a viscosity of 1500 mPa · s or more, does not impair the original taste and aroma of food, and does not give bad aftertaste. .
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