JP4210158B2 - Antioxidant - Google Patents

Antioxidant Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4210158B2
JP4210158B2 JP2003155608A JP2003155608A JP4210158B2 JP 4210158 B2 JP4210158 B2 JP 4210158B2 JP 2003155608 A JP2003155608 A JP 2003155608A JP 2003155608 A JP2003155608 A JP 2003155608A JP 4210158 B2 JP4210158 B2 JP 4210158B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
cheese
fraction
antioxidant
water
soluble peptide
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JP2004352958A (en
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浩 川上
炎 橋場
敬司 井越
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Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd
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Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、チーズを溶媒に懸濁した後、脱脂、不溶性物質の除去を行って得られるチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分を有効成分とする抗酸化剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
不飽和脂肪酸の酸化によって生じる過酸化物やフリーラジカルは、食品の風味や栄養価等を損ない、品質の劣化を引き起こすだけではなく、生体においては、その強い酸化力により細胞内のタンパク質や遺伝子DNAを傷つけるとともに、細胞膜を構成する脂質を攻撃して、毒性の強い脂質ハイドロパーオキサイド等の過酸化脂質を作り、細胞損傷や組織障害を引き起こすといわれている。こうした活性酸素やフリーラジカルによる生体への有害な作用の蓄積が、老化を促進したり、ガンや動脈硬化、心臓病をはじめとする、いわゆる生活習慣病の原因の一つとして関係があることが明らかとなってきた。そのため、食品成分による酸化ストレスの防止や抑制の観点から、食品の抗酸化性と食品成分との関係に関する研究や抗酸化性を持つ成分の検索が行われている。
【0003】
抗酸化性を持つ成分に関しては、植物由来のビタミンやポリフェノール等が以前から知られている。ビタミンに関しては多くの報告があり、特にビタミンC、ビタミンE及びβ-カロテン等に抗酸化性が認められている。また、ポリフェノールについては、カテキン類やフラボノイド類等が強い抗酸化性をもつことが明らかにされている。 さらに、タンパク質のプロテアーゼ加水分解物からも多種多様な抗酸化ペプチドが分離・同定されており、卵白アルブミンの酵素分解物から3種類の抗酸化ペプチドを分離したという報告がある(例えば、非特許文献1参照。)。また、大豆タンパク質のβ-コングリシニンのプロテアーゼ加水分解物から、6種類の抗酸化ペプチドを分離・同定したという報告もある(例えば、非特許文献2参照。)。
【0004】
一方、乳タンパク質の酵素分解物についてはオピオイド活性作用、カルシウム吸収促進作用、細胞増殖作用、抗菌作用、アンジオテンシンI変換酵素阻害作用等、多くの生理作用が明らかにされている。魚油等のエイコサペンタエン酸含有油脂を水溶性タンパク質溶液により乳化して魚油臭を抑制する方法(例えば、特許文献1参照。)や、高度不飽和脂肪酸含有油脂を乳部分加水分解物により乳化し酸化安定性の高い高度不飽和脂肪酸含有油脂の粉末を得る方法(例えば、特許文献2参照。)が開示されている。また、高度不飽和脂肪酸含有油脂、チーズ及び水を乳化させて抗酸化乳化物を調製して、高度不飽和脂肪酸含有油脂の酸化を防止し高度不飽和脂肪酸含有魚油由来の魚臭や保存中の異臭をマスキングするという方法(例えば、特許文献3参照。)が開示されている。しかし、これらはいずれも高度不飽和脂肪酸含有油脂に、水溶性タンパク質溶液、乳部分加水分解物、またはチーズを加えてそれぞれ乳化させた高度不飽和脂肪酸含有油脂の乳化物であって、主体となる高度不飽和脂肪酸含有油脂自体の、魚臭や保存中の異臭を防止するものである。しかしながら、高度不飽和脂肪酸含有油脂と混合し乳化させることなく、乳タンパク質由来のペプチド単独で抗酸化性を持つという報告は見当たらない。また、乳から製造されるチーズの生理機能に関しては、抗腫瘍作用、抗変異原作用等が報告されているものの、抗酸化作用を持つことについては知られていない。
【0005】
【先行技術文献】
【特許文献1】
特開昭60‐102168号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平2‐305898号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平7‐274823号公報
【非特許文献1】
拓殖信昭ら、日本農芸化学会誌、65号、p.1635、1991年
【非特許文献2】
エッチ・エム・チェンら(Chen, H.-M. et al.), ジャーナル・アグリカルチャー・アンド・フード・ケミストリー(J. Agric. Food Chem.), 43号, p.574,1995年
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、食品の風味や栄養価等を損ない、品質の劣化を引き起こすだけではなく、生体においては疾病や老化等に悪影響を及ぼす活性酸素やフリーラジカル等による生体の酸化的障害を抑制するのに有効な抗酸化剤を提供することを課題とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、チーズの水溶性ペプチド画分に抗酸化効果があり、しかも低用量で効果を有することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明は、チーズの水溶性ペプチド画分が、チーズを溶媒に懸濁した後、脱脂、不溶性物質の除去を行って得られる画分であるチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分を有効成分とする抗酸化剤に関する。
また、本発明は、チーズの水溶性ペプチド画分が、チーズを溶媒に懸濁した後、脱脂、不溶性物質の除去及びタンパク質の除去を行って得られる画分であるチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分を有効成分とする抗酸化剤に関する。
また、本発明は、チーズの水溶性ペプチド画分が、チーズを溶媒に懸濁した後、脱脂、不溶性物質の除去及びタンパク質の除去を行って得られる画分を、C18カラムに通して得られる透過画分及び/または吸着成分を溶出して得られる画分であるチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分を有効成分とする抗酸化剤に関する。
また、本発明は、チーズの水溶性ペプチド画分のゲルろ過法による分子量が400〜6,000であるチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分を有効成分とする抗酸化剤に関する。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に用いることができるチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分は、例えばチーズを溶媒に懸濁した後、脱脂、遠心分離によって不溶性物質の除去を行って得ることができる。さらにその得られた画分からタンパク質を除去してもよい。本発明においてチーズを溶媒に懸濁するということは、チーズに溶媒を加えて均質化したり、または溶媒中で破砕したりして、水溶性ペプチド画分を得やすい大きさにすることをいう。溶媒としては、水、リン酸緩衝液等の水性溶媒を用いることができる。その後、透析膜やイオン交換樹脂等によって脱塩を行ってもよいし、さらに、凍結乾燥や噴霧乾燥等によって乾燥を行うことにより粉末化してもよい。
【0009】
また、チーズの水溶性ペプチド画分を得るためのチーズ原料としては、ゴーダチーズ、チェダーチーズ、エメンタールチーズ、エダムチーズ、カマンベールチーズ、スチルトンチーズ、ブルーチーズ等のナチュラルチーズ、及びこれらのナチュラルチーズを原料としたプロセスチーズ等を用いることができるが、熟成度の進んだナチュラルチーズ、特にカビ熟成型ナチュラルチーズを用いることが望ましい。
【0010】
さらに、チーズを溶媒に懸濁した後、脱脂、不溶性物質の除去及びタンパク質の除去によって得られるチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分は、C18カラムを用いた逆相クロマトグラフィーによりさらに精製することも可能である。本発明のチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分をトリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)等の酸性条件下あるいは蒸留水等の中性条件下でC18カラムに通した時に、抗酸化活性を有する画分は、カラムに吸着されない透過画分と、カラムに吸着されて10%エタノールで溶出されてくる画分に主として分かれる。これらの画分についてゲルろ過クロマトグラフィーによりさらに精製を行って、活性画分の分子量分布を求めたところ、いずれの画分も400〜6,000の範囲であった。
【0011】
本発明の抗酸化剤は、飲食品に配合して飲食品の品質劣化防止に使用することができる。飲食品に配合する場合は、チーズを水中で摩砕した後、脱脂、遠心分離によって不溶性物質の除去を行って、さらにタンパク質を除去することにより得たチーズの水溶性ペプチドをそのまま配合することができるし、透析膜やイオン交換樹脂等によって脱塩を行ったもの、さらに、凍結乾燥や噴霧乾燥等によって乾燥を行い粉末化したものも配合することができる。
【0012】
本発明の抗酸化剤は、経口あるいは非経口的に投与して、生体において活性酸素やフリーラジカル等を消去することにより疾病や老化等の進行を防止することができる。経口あるいは非経口的に投与する場合の本発明の抗酸化剤の剤形としては、錠剤、カプセル剤、細粒剤、散剤、丸剤、トローチ、舌下剤または液剤等の経口投与用の製剤、あるいは、注射剤、座剤等の非経口投与用の製剤を例示することができる。
本発明の抗酸化剤の経口による投与量は、治療や予防の目的、症状、体重、年齢や性別等を考慮して適宜決定すればよいが、通常、成人1日あたりチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分として10〜500mg投与すれば、高脂血症や動脈硬化症の治療または予防効果が得られる。
【0013】
また、本発明の抗酸化剤は、飲食品または飼料に配合され、飲食品または飼料の劣化を防ぐだけでなく、それらの飲食品または飼料を経口摂取することによっても生体内で抗酸化作用を発揮する。本発明の抗酸化性飲食品または飼料としては、チーズ、バター、乳飲料、ジュース、ヨーグルト、ゼリー、パン、アイスクリーム、麺、ソーセージ、育児用調製乳や離乳食等を挙げることができる。そして、抗酸化効果を得るためには、成人1日あたりチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分として10〜500mg程度摂取すればよい。
以下に実施例及び試験例を示し、本発明をより詳細に説明するが、これらは単に例示するのみであり、本発明はこれらによって何ら限定されるものではない。
【0014】
【実施例1】
(ブルーチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分の製造)
ブルーチーズ20gに蒸留水80mlを加え、ストマッカー(オルガノ社製)で15分間摩砕した後、水中においてウルトラディスパーサー(ULTRA-TURRAX、T-25;IKAジャパン社製)で30秒間さらに破砕した。 破砕時に生じた乳脂肪を取り除き、得られたチーズスラリーを振盪機で30分間振盪した後、遠心分離(6,000rpm、20min、4℃)で不溶物を除き、上清をろ紙(ワットマン、No.113 )によりろ過して、試験例1に使用した。残りは凍結乾燥してチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分を得た。このようにして得られたチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分は、そのまま抗酸化剤として利用可能である。
【0015】
【実施例2】
(各種チーズの水溶性ペプチド画分の製造)
スターターとして乳酸菌を用いたゴーダチーズ、エダムチーズ、マリボーチーズ、チェダーチーズ、ラクレットチーズ及びパルメザンチーズ、スターターとして乳酸菌とプロピオン酸菌を用いたエメンタールチーズ及びグリエールチーズ、スターターとして乳酸菌と青カビを用いたスチルトンチーズ及びブルーチーズ、スターターとして乳酸菌と白カビを用いたカマンベールチーズについて、以下のようにして水溶性ペプチド画分を製造した。
前記の各種チーズ20gに蒸留水80mlを加え、ストマッカー(オルガノ社製)で15分間摩砕した後、水中においてウルトラディスパーサー(ULTRA-TURRAX、T-25;IKAジャパン社製)で30秒間さらに破砕した。 破砕時に生じた乳脂肪を取り除き、得られたチーズスラリーを振盪機で30分間振盪した後、遠心分離(6,000rpm、20min、4℃)で不溶物を除き、上清をろ紙(ワットマン、No.113 )によりろ過した。 得られたろ過液にエタノールを70%濃度になるように加え、4℃で4時間静置した後、遠心分離(10,000rpm、20min、4℃)により不溶物を除去し、以下の試験例1及び2に使用した。残りはエバポレーターでエタノールを除いた後凍結乾燥してチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分を得た。このようにして得られたチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分は、そのまま抗酸化剤として利用可能である。
【0016】
【試験例1】
(各種チーズを原料とする水溶性ペプチド画分の抗酸化活性測定)
実施例1及び実施例2で得られた各種チーズの水溶性ペプチド画分について、リノール酸の酸化物がβ-カロテンを退色させる作用を利用する方法で抗酸化活性を測定した。すなわち、β-カロテン溶液(10mg/10mlクロロホルム) 0.5ml、リノール酸溶液(1g/10mlクロロホルム) 0.2ml、ツイーン40溶液(2g/10mlクロロホルム) 1.0mlを200m1の三角フラスコに入れ、窒素ガスでクロロホルムを完全に除去した後、100mlの蒸留水を加えて溶解した。さらに、0.2Mリン酸緩衝液(pH7.0) 8.9mlを添加して、リノール酸・β-カロテン溶液を調製した。次に、あらかじめ水溶性ペプチド画分0.1mlを分注した分光光度計用試験管セルに、上記のリノール酸・β-カロテン溶液4.9mlを加え、攪拌後直ちに470nmの吸光度(S0)を測定した。なお、リノール酸・β-カロテン溶液の調製に際しては、S0が1.2程度(1.1〜1.3)になるようにβ-カロテン溶液の添加量を適宜増減した。S0測定後、直ちに試験管セルを50℃の恒温槽に入れ、30分間インキュベートした。インキュベート終了後、直ちに吸光度(S30)を測定し、30分間における470nmの吸光度の低下量、ΔS=S0−S30を算出した。ブランクには試料の代わりに70%エタノールを用い、同様の操作を行なった。すなわち、リノール酸・β-カロテン溶液を加えた直後の吸光度(B0)、及び50℃、30分間保持した後の吸光度(B30)を測定し、30分間における470nmの吸光度の低下量、ΔB=B0−B30を求めた。抗酸化活性は次の式に代入し、抗酸化率(%)として表した。
〔ΔB−ΔS〕/(ΔB)×100
なお、ポジティブコントロールとして合成抗酸化剤BHT(ブチルヒドロキシルトルエン)を20μM、50μM、100μM、及び200μMに調製したものを用いた。また、対照としてカゼインについても同様に処理し、抗酸化活性を評価した。
実施例1で得られたブルーチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分(ブルーAと表す)については、実施例2で得られた画分との比較のため、水溶性ペプチド画分3mlに蒸留水7mlを加えたものを用いた。実施例2で得られたブルーチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分はブルーBと表した。
結果を図1に示した。これによると、全てのチーズで抗酸化活性が認められ、ポジティブコントロールとしたBHTと比較すると、BHT濃度20μM及び50μMの抗酸化率よりはるかに高く、BHT濃度100μM及び200μMの抗酸化率と同等またはそれ以上の抗酸化率を示した。青カビ熟成タイプのスチルトンチーズとブルーチーズ、及び白カビ熟成タイプのカマンベールチーズは他の乳酸菌熟成タイプのチーズより高かった。なお、対照としたカゼインには抗酸化活性はほとんど認められなかった。
【0017】
【試験例2】
(ブルーチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分の精製1と抗酸化活性測定)
実施例1で得られたブルーチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分80mlをロータリーエバポレーターで減圧乾固後、0.05%トリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)/H2O 20mlに溶解し、生じた不溶物を0.45μmのフィルターで除去した。次いで、0.05%TFA/H2Oで平衡化したC18カラム(Cosmosil 40C18-PREP、φ2.5cm×18cm、ナカライテスク社製)に試料を負荷した後、同溶液240mlでカラムを洗浄した。洗浄後、吸着成分を10%、20%、30%、50%エタノールとなるようにステップワイズ法で溶出し、検出波長220nmにおいて吸光度を測定した。なお、洗浄及び溶出時にはフラクショネーションして、各フラクションの抗酸化活性を試験例1と同様の方法で測定した。その結果を図2に示す。
これによると、抗酸化活性は未吸着画分(フラクションNo.9〜16、Fα)、及び10%エタノール溶出画分(フラクションNo.11〜18、Fβ)に認められた。
【0018】
【実施例3】
(ブルーチーズの水溶性ペプチド精製画分の調製1)
実施例1で得られたブルーチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分80mlをロータリーエバポレーターで減圧乾固後、蒸留水 20mlに溶解し、生じた不溶物を0.45μmのフィルターで除去した。次いで、蒸留水で平衡化したC18カラム(Cosmosil 40C18-PREP、φ2.5cm×18cm、ナカライテスク社製)に試料を負荷した後、同溶液240mlでカラムを洗浄した。洗浄後、吸着成分を10%エタノールで溶出し、溶出した画分をエバポレーターでエタノールを除いた後凍結乾燥してチーズの水溶性ペプチド精製画分を得た。このようにして得られたチーズの水溶性ペプチド精製画分は、そのまま抗酸化剤として利用可能である。
【0019】
【試験例3】
(ブルーチーズの水溶性ペプチド精製画分の抗酸化活性と分子量の測定)
実施例2で得られたFα画分47ml及びFβ画分38mlをそれぞれロータリーエバポレーターで減圧乾固した後、20%エタノール2mlで再溶解した。生じた不溶物を0.45μmのフィルターで除去した後、20%エタノールで平衡化したトヨパール HW-40Fカラム(φ2cm×100cm、東ソー社製)を用いてゲルろ過を行った。検出波長 220nmで吸光度を測定しながら、各フラクションの抗酸化活性を測定した。その結果を図3(Fα画分及びFβ画分)に示す。
これによると、Fα画分についてはフラクションNo.29〜35(Fα1)、Fβ画分についてはフラクションNo.34〜39(Fβ1)に抗酸化活性が認められた。なお、これらの活性画分の分子量は、同じカラムを用いて行った標準物質との対比により、いずれの画分も400〜6,000であった。
【0020】
【実施例4】
(ブルーチーズの水溶性ペプチド精製画分の調製2)
実施例2で得られたFα画分47ml及びFβ画分38mlをそれぞれロータリーエバポレーターで減圧乾固した後、20%エタノール2mlで再溶解した。生じた不溶物を0.45μmのフィルターで除去した後、20%エタノールで平衡化したトヨパール HW-40Fカラム(φ2cm×100cm、東ソー社製)を用いてゲルろ過を行った。ゲルろ過成分のうち、フラクションNo.29〜35(Fα1)及びフラクションNo.34〜39(Fβ1)を回収し、回収した画分をそれぞれエバポレーターでエタノールを除いた後凍結乾燥してチーズの水溶性ペプチド精製画分を得た。このようにして得られたチーズの水溶性ペプチド精製画分は、そのまま抗酸化剤として利用可能である。
【0021】
【実施例5】
表1に示した組成で各成分を混合し、容器に充填した後、加熱殺菌して、本発明の抗酸化剤を配合した抗酸化用飲料を製造した。
【0022】
【表1】

Figure 0004210158
【0023】
【実施例6】
表2に示す組成のドウを作成し、成形した後、焙焼して抗酸化用ビスケットを製造した。
【0024】
【表2】
Figure 0004210158
【0025】
【実施例7】
表3に示す組成で各成分を混合し、本発明の抗酸化剤を配合したイヌ飼育用飼料を製造した。
【0026】
【表3】
Figure 0004210158
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明の、チーズの水溶性ペプチド画分を有効成分とする抗酸化剤は、食品の風味や栄養価等を損ない品質の劣化を引き起こすだけではなく、生体においては疾病や老化等に悪影響を及ぼす、活性酸素やフリーラジカル等による生体の酸化的障害を抑制するのに有効であり、抗酸化剤として、また、この抗酸化剤を配合した抗酸化性飲食品または飼料として有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 各チーズを原料とする水溶性ペプチド画分の抗酸化活性を示す。
【図2】 C18カラム(Cosmosil 40C18-PREP)による抗酸化成分の分離クロマトグラフィーを示す。
【符号の説明】
●は抗酸化率を表す。
◆は吸光度を表す。
【図3】 Fα画分及びFβ画分のトヨパール HW-40Fカラムによるゲルろ過クロマトグラフィーを示す。上図がFα画分、下図がFβ画分である。
【符号の説明】
■は抗酸化率を表す。
◆は吸光度を表す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is, after suspending the cheese solvent, degreasing, about the antioxidant water-soluble peptide fraction as an active ingredient of cheese obtained by performing the removal of insoluble material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Peroxides and free radicals generated by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids not only impair the flavor and nutritional value of food and cause quality deterioration, but also in the living body due to its strong oxidizing power, intracellular proteins and genetic DNA It is said to attack cells and make lipid peroxides such as highly toxic lipid hydroperoxide, causing cell damage and tissue damage. The accumulation of harmful effects on living bodies due to such active oxygen and free radicals may be related to one of the causes of so-called lifestyle-related diseases such as aging, cancer, arteriosclerosis, and heart disease. It has become clear. Therefore, from the viewpoint of preventing or suppressing oxidative stress due to food components, research on the relationship between the antioxidant properties of foods and food components and the search for components having antioxidant properties are being conducted.
[0003]
Plant-derived vitamins and polyphenols have been known for antioxidant components. There have been many reports regarding vitamins, and in particular, vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and the like have been found to have antioxidant properties. As for polyphenols, catechins and flavonoids have been shown to have strong antioxidant properties. Furthermore, a wide variety of antioxidant peptides have been separated and identified from protein protease hydrolysates, and there are reports that three types of antioxidant peptides have been separated from the enzyme degradation products of ovalbumin (for example, non-patent literature). 1). There is also a report that six types of antioxidant peptides were separated and identified from protease hydrolyzate of β-conglycinin of soybean protein (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2).
[0004]
On the other hand, many physiological actions such as opioid activity, calcium absorption promoting action, cell proliferation action, antibacterial action, and angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory action have been clarified for enzymatic degradation products of milk proteins. A method of suppressing fish oil odor by emulsifying eicosapentaenoic acid-containing fats and oils such as fish oil with a water-soluble protein solution (for example, refer to Patent Document 1), and emulsifying highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing fats and oils with a milk partial hydrolyzate. A method for obtaining highly stable highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing fats and oils (for example, see Patent Document 2) is disclosed. In addition, highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing fats and oils, cheese and water are emulsified to prepare antioxidant emulsions to prevent oxidation of highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing fats and oils and fish odors from highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing fish oils and during storage A method of masking off-flavors (for example, see Patent Document 3) is disclosed. However, these are all emulsions of highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing fats and oils obtained by adding a water-soluble protein solution, a milk partial hydrolyzate, or cheese to a highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing fat and oil, respectively, and emulsifying them. It prevents fish odor and unusual odor during storage of highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing fats and oils themselves. However, there is no report that a milk protein-derived peptide alone has antioxidant properties without being mixed with a highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing oil and emulsified. Moreover, regarding the physiological function of cheese manufactured from milk, although antitumor action, antimutagenic action, etc. have been reported, it is not known about having an antioxidant action.
[0005]
[Prior Art]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-60-102168 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2-305898 [Patent Document 3]
JP 7-274823 A [Non-patent Document 1]
Takushoku Nobuaki et al., Japanese Journal of Agricultural Chemistry, 65, p.1635, 1991 [Non-patent Document 2]
H.-M. et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, p.574, 1995 [0006] ]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention not only impairs the flavor and nutritional value of food and causes deterioration of quality, but also suppresses oxidative damage of the living body due to active oxygen and free radicals that adversely affect diseases and aging in the living body. It is an object of the present invention to provide an effective antioxidant.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that the water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese has an antioxidant effect and has an effect at a low dose, and completes the present invention. It came.
Chi words, the present invention is effective water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese, after suspending cheese into a solvent, degreasing, water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese is a fraction obtained by performing the removal of insoluble material It relates to an antioxidant as a component.
Further, the present invention provides a water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese, wherein the water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese is a fraction obtained by defatting, removing insoluble substances and removing protein after suspending cheese in a solvent. Relates to an antioxidant comprising
In the present invention, the water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese is obtained by passing a fraction obtained by defatting, removing insoluble substances and removing protein after suspending cheese in a solvent through a C18 column. It is related with the antioxidant which uses the water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese which is a fraction obtained by eluting a permeation | fractionation fraction and / or an adsorption component as an active ingredient.
Further, the present invention is related to an antioxidant having a molecular weight by a water-soluble peptide fraction of gel filtration of cheese as an active ingredient a water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese is 400 to 6,000.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese that can be used in the present invention can be obtained, for example, by suspending cheese in a solvent and then removing insoluble substances by degreasing and centrifugation. Furthermore, you may remove protein from the obtained fraction. In the present invention, suspending cheese in a solvent means adding a solvent to the cheese to homogenize it or crushing it in the solvent to make it easy to obtain a water-soluble peptide fraction. As the solvent, an aqueous solvent such as water or a phosphate buffer can be used. Thereafter, desalting may be performed using a dialysis membrane, an ion exchange resin, or the like, or powder may be formed by drying by freeze drying, spray drying, or the like.
[0009]
In addition, as a cheese raw material for obtaining a water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese, natural cheese such as Gouda cheese, cheddar cheese, Emmental cheese, Edam cheese, Camembert cheese, stilton cheese, blue cheese, and these natural cheeses are used as raw materials. Processed cheese and the like can be used, but it is desirable to use natural cheese with a high degree of ripening, especially mold-ripened molded natural cheese.
[0010]
Furthermore, after suspending cheese in a solvent, the water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese obtained by defatting, removal of insoluble material and removal of protein can be further purified by reverse phase chromatography using a C18 column. is there. When the water-soluble peptide fraction of the cheese of the present invention is passed through a C18 column under acidic conditions such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or neutral conditions such as distilled water, the fraction having antioxidant activity is passed through the column. It is mainly divided into a permeation fraction that is not adsorbed and a fraction that is adsorbed on the column and eluted with 10% ethanol. These fractions were further purified by gel filtration chromatography to determine the molecular weight distribution of the active fraction, and all fractions were in the range of 400 to 6,000.
[0011]
The antioxidant of this invention can be mix | blended with food / beverage products, and can be used for the quality deterioration prevention of food / beverage products. When blended in food or drink, after the cheese is ground in water, insoluble substances are removed by degreasing and centrifugation, and then the water-soluble peptide of cheese obtained by removing protein can be blended as it is. In addition, those desalted with a dialysis membrane, an ion exchange resin or the like, and further powdered by drying by freeze drying or spray drying can be blended.
[0012]
The antioxidant of the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally to eliminate active oxygen, free radicals and the like in the living body, thereby preventing progression of disease, aging, and the like. The dosage form of the antioxidant of the present invention when administered orally or parenterally includes tablets, capsules, fine granules, powders, pills, troches, sublingual or liquid preparations for oral administration, Or the formulation for parenteral administration, such as an injection and a suppository, can be illustrated.
The oral dosage of the antioxidant of the present invention may be appropriately determined in consideration of the purpose of treatment and prevention, symptoms, body weight, age, sex, etc. When administered in an amount of 10 to 500 mg, the therapeutic or preventive effect on hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis can be obtained.
[0013]
Further, the antioxidant of the present invention is blended in foods and drinks or feeds, and not only prevents the deterioration of foods and drinks or feeds, but also has an antioxidant effect in vivo by ingesting those foods and drinks or feeds. Demonstrate. Examples of the antioxidant food and drink or feed of the present invention include cheese, butter, milk beverage, juice, yogurt, jelly, bread, ice cream, noodles, sausage, infant formula and baby food. And in order to acquire an antioxidant effect, what is necessary is just to ingest about 10-500 mg as a water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese per day for an adult.
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples and test examples, but these are merely illustrative and the present invention is not limited by these.
[0014]
[Example 1]
(Production of water-soluble peptide fraction of blue cheese)
Distilled water (80 ml) was added to 20 g of blue cheese, ground with a stomacher (manufactured by Organo) for 15 minutes, and then further crushed in water with an ultradisperser (ULTRA-TURRAX, T-25; manufactured by IKA Japan) for 30 seconds. The milk fat generated during crushing was removed, and the resulting cheese slurry was shaken with a shaker for 30 minutes, and then insoluble materials were removed by centrifugation (6,000 rpm, 20 min, 4 ° C.), and the supernatant was filtered with paper (Whatman, No. 1). 113) and used in Test Example 1. The rest was freeze-dried to obtain a water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese. The water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese thus obtained can be used as an antioxidant as it is.
[0015]
[Example 2]
(Manufacture of water-soluble peptide fractions of various cheeses)
Gouda cheese, edam cheese, maribo cheese, cheddar cheese, raclette cheese and parmesan cheese using lactic acid bacteria as starters, emmental cheese and gliere cheese using lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid bacteria as starters, stilton cheese using lactic acid bacteria and green mold as starters and For Camembert cheese using lactic acid bacteria and white mold as blue cheese and starter, a water-soluble peptide fraction was produced as follows.
Add 80 ml of distilled water to 20 g of the above cheeses, grind with a stomacher (organo) for 15 minutes, and then crush for 30 seconds in water with an ultradisperser (ULTRA-TURRAX, T-25; made by IKA Japan). did. The milk fat generated during crushing was removed, and the resulting cheese slurry was shaken with a shaker for 30 minutes, and then insoluble materials were removed by centrifugation (6,000 rpm, 20 min, 4 ° C.), and the supernatant was filtered with paper (Whatman, No. 1). 113). Ethanol was added to the obtained filtrate to a concentration of 70%, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 4 ° C. for 4 hours, and then insoluble matters were removed by centrifugation (10,000 rpm, 20 min, 4 ° C.). And 2 were used. The remainder was lyophilized after removing ethanol with an evaporator to obtain a water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese. The water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese thus obtained can be used as an antioxidant as it is.
[0016]
[Test Example 1]
(Measurement of antioxidant activity of water-soluble peptide fractions made from various cheeses)
The antioxidant activity of the water-soluble peptide fractions of various cheeses obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 was measured by a method utilizing the action of the linoleic acid oxide to discolor β-carotene. That is, 0.5 ml of β-carotene solution (10 mg / 10 ml chloroform), 0.2 ml of linoleic acid solution (1 g / 10 ml chloroform), 1.0 ml of Tween 40 solution (2 g / 10 ml chloroform) were placed in a 200 ml Erlenmeyer flask and chloroform was added with nitrogen gas. Was completely removed, and 100 ml of distilled water was added to dissolve. Further, 8.9 ml of 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) was added to prepare a linoleic acid / β-carotene solution. Next, 4.9 ml of the above linoleic acid / β-carotene solution was added to a spectrophotometer test tube cell into which 0.1 ml of the water-soluble peptide fraction had been dispensed in advance, and the absorbance (S 0 ) at 470 nm was measured immediately after stirring. did. In the preparation of the linoleic acid / β-carotene solution, the amount of β-carotene solution added was appropriately increased or decreased so that S 0 was about 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3). After S 0 measured immediately placed tube cells in a thermostat at 50 ° C., and incubated for 30 min. After completion of the incubation, immediately measuring the absorbance (S3 0), decrease the amount of 470nm absorbance at 30 minutes, it was calculated ΔS = S 0 -S3 0. The blank was subjected to the same operation using 70% ethanol instead of the sample. That is, the absorbance immediately after the addition of the linoleic acid / β-carotene solution (B 0 ) and the absorbance after holding at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes (B 3 0 ) were measured, and the decrease in absorbance at 470 nm in 30 minutes, ΔB = B 0 −B3 0 was determined. Antioxidant activity was substituted into the following formula and expressed as an antioxidant rate (%).
[ΔB−ΔS] / (ΔB) × 100
As a positive control, a synthetic antioxidant BHT (butylhydroxyl toluene) prepared at 20 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM, and 200 μM was used. In addition, casein was treated in the same manner as a control, and antioxidant activity was evaluated.
For the water-soluble peptide fraction of Blue cheese obtained in Example 1 (referred to as Blue A), for comparison with the fraction obtained in Example 2, 7 ml of distilled water was added to 3 ml of the water-soluble peptide fraction. What was added was used. The water-soluble peptide fraction of blue cheese obtained in Example 2 was designated as Blue B.
The results are shown in FIG. According to this, antioxidant activity was observed in all cheeses, and compared with BHT as a positive control, it was much higher than the antioxidant rate of BHT concentration 20 μM and 50 μM, and equivalent to or equal to the antioxidant rate of BHT concentration 100 μM and 200 μM or The antioxidant rate was higher than that. Blue mold ripening type stilton cheese and blue cheese, and white mold ripening type Camembert cheese were higher than other lactic acid bacteria ripening type cheeses. In addition, almost no antioxidant activity was recognized in casein as a control.
[0017]
[Test Example 2]
(Purification 1 of water-soluble peptide fraction of blue cheese and measurement of antioxidant activity)
80 ml of the water-soluble peptide fraction of blue cheese obtained in Example 1 was dried under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator, and then dissolved in 20 ml of 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) / H 2 O. The resulting insoluble matter was 0.45 μm. Removed with filter. Next, after loading the sample onto a C18 column (Cosmosil 40C 18 -PREP, φ2.5 cm × 18 cm, manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) equilibrated with 0.05% TFA / H 2 O, the column was washed with 240 ml of the same solution. After washing, the adsorbed components were eluted by the stepwise method so as to be 10%, 20%, 30% and 50% ethanol, and the absorbance was measured at a detection wavelength of 220 nm. In addition, it fractionated at the time of washing | cleaning and elution, and the antioxidant activity of each fraction was measured by the method similar to Test Example 1. The result is shown in FIG.
According to this, antioxidant activity was observed in the non-adsorbed fraction (fractions No. 9 to 16, Fα) and the 10% ethanol-eluted fraction (fractions No. 11 to 18, Fβ).
[0018]
[Example 3]
(Preparation of water-soluble peptide purified fraction of blue cheese 1)
80 ml of the water-soluble peptide fraction of the blue cheese obtained in Example 1 was dried under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator, dissolved in 20 ml of distilled water, and the resulting insoluble matter was removed with a 0.45 μm filter. Next, the sample was loaded onto a C18 column (Cosmosil 40C 18 -PREP, φ2.5 cm × 18 cm, manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) equilibrated with distilled water, and then the column was washed with 240 ml of the same solution. After washing, the adsorbed component was eluted with 10% ethanol, and the eluted fraction was lyophilized after removing the ethanol with an evaporator to obtain a purified water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese. The water-soluble peptide purified fraction of cheese thus obtained can be used as an antioxidant as it is.
[0019]
[Test Example 3]
(Measurement of antioxidant activity and molecular weight of water-soluble peptide purified fraction of blue cheese)
47 ml of the Fα fraction and 38 ml of the Fβ fraction obtained in Example 2 were each dried under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator, and then redissolved with 2 ml of 20% ethanol. The generated insoluble matter was removed with a 0.45 μm filter, and gel filtration was performed using a Toyopearl HW-40F column (φ2 cm × 100 cm, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) equilibrated with 20% ethanol. While measuring the absorbance at a detection wavelength of 220 nm, the antioxidant activity of each fraction was measured. The results are shown in FIG. 3 (Fα fraction and Fβ fraction).
According to this, the fraction for F.alpha fraction No.29~35 (Fα 1), for Efubeta fraction was observed antioxidant activity in fractions No.34~39 (Fβ 1). In addition, the molecular weights of these active fractions were 400 to 6,000 in all fractions by comparison with a standard substance obtained using the same column.
[0020]
[Example 4]
(Preparation of water-soluble peptide purified fraction of blue cheese 2)
47 ml of the Fα fraction and 38 ml of the Fβ fraction obtained in Example 2 were each dried under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator, and then redissolved with 2 ml of 20% ethanol. The generated insoluble matter was removed with a 0.45 μm filter, and gel filtration was performed using a Toyopearl HW-40F column (φ2 cm × 100 cm, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) equilibrated with 20% ethanol. Among the gel filtration components, fractions Nos. 29 to 35 (Fα 1 ) and fractions No. 34 to 39 (Fβ 1 ) were collected, and the collected fractions were each lyophilized after removing ethanol with an evaporator. A water-soluble peptide purified fraction was obtained. The water-soluble peptide purified fraction of cheese thus obtained can be used as an antioxidant as it is.
[0021]
[Example 5]
Each component was mixed with the composition shown in Table 1, filled into a container, and then heat sterilized to produce an antioxidant beverage blended with the antioxidant of the present invention.
[0022]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004210158
[0023]
[Example 6]
A dough having the composition shown in Table 2 was prepared, molded, and then baked to produce an antioxidant biscuits.
[0024]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004210158
[0025]
[Example 7]
Each component was mixed with the composition shown in Table 3, and the feed for dog breeding which mix | blended the antioxidant of this invention was manufactured.
[0026]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004210158
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
The antioxidant of the present invention containing the water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese as an active ingredient not only deteriorates the quality and damage of food flavor and nutritional value, but also adversely affects diseases, aging, etc. in the living body. It is effective in suppressing oxidative damage in the living body due to active oxygen, free radicals, and the like, and is useful as an antioxidant and as an antioxidant food and drink or feed containing this antioxidant.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the antioxidant activity of water-soluble peptide fractions made from each cheese.
FIG. 2 shows separation chromatography of antioxidant components using a C18 column (Cosmosil 40C 18 -PREP).
[Explanation of symbols]
● represents the antioxidant rate.
◆ represents absorbance.
FIG. 3 shows gel filtration chromatography using a Toyopearl HW-40F column of Fα and Fβ fractions. The upper figure is the Fα fraction, and the lower figure is the Fβ fraction.
[Explanation of symbols]
■ represents the antioxidant rate.
◆ represents absorbance.

Claims (4)

チーズを溶媒に懸濁した後、脱脂、不溶性物質の除去を行って得られるチーズの水溶性ペプチド画分を有効成分とする抗酸化剤。 The antioxidant which uses the water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese obtained by degreasing and removing an insoluble substance after suspending cheese in a solvent . チーズの水溶性ペプチド画分が、チーズを溶媒に懸濁した後、脱脂、不溶性物質の除去及びタンパク質の除去を行って得られる画分である請求項1記載の抗酸化剤。 The antioxidant according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese is a fraction obtained by suspending cheese in a solvent and then degreasing, removing insoluble substances and removing proteins. チーズの水溶性ペプチド画分が、チーズを溶媒に懸濁した後、脱脂、不溶性物質の除去及びタンパク質の除去を行って得られる画分を、C18カラムに通して得られる透過画分及び/または吸着成分を溶出して得られる画分である請求項1記載の抗酸化剤。After the cheese water-soluble peptide fraction is suspended in the solvent, the fraction obtained by degreasing, insoluble matter removal and protein removal is passed through a C18 column and / or the permeate fraction obtained. The antioxidant according to claim 1, which is a fraction obtained by eluting the adsorbed component. チーズの水溶性ペプチド画分のゲルろ過法による分子量が400〜6,000である請求項1〜のいずれかに記載の抗酸化剤。 The antioxidant according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the water-soluble peptide fraction of cheese has a molecular weight of 400 to 6,000 as determined by gel filtration.
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