JP4203316B2 - Small work fixing structure and processing jig - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a processing jig for a small workpiece that allows a large number of small workpieces to be collectively attached to a table of a machine tool and simultaneously processed, and a fixing structure for the small workpiece used in such a jig.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When processing small workpieces of several mm to several centimeters with a machine tool such as a machining center, if the workpieces are fixed to the table one by one, the workpiece attachment / detachment time becomes longer than the processing time, and the operator's work As the burden increases, the operating rate of the machine tool decreases. Therefore, in many cases, a plurality of workpieces are fixed to a pallet or index table fixed to a table, and the smaller the workpiece, the higher the demand for processing a larger number of workpieces at the same time. There is an increasing demand for machining multiple surfaces without changing workpieces.
[0003]
In order to satisfy such requirements, a processing jig that can mount a large number of workpieces on the table of the machine tool so that the posture can be changed is necessary, and at least a part of the processing jig to which the workpiece is attached is easy to the machine tool. It is necessary that the workpiece can be attached to and detached from the jig, and that the workpiece can be easily attached to and detached from the jig.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Various processing jigs have been proposed in the past for processing multiple small workpieces at the same time, but it takes time to fix the workpiece to the jig or the amount of workpiece that can be fixed to the jig is small. In fact, small workpieces are processed by inefficient work.
[0005]
The present invention is capable of attaching and detaching a small work to and from a processing jig in a short time, has a simple structure and a mounting structure using a small fixture, and can be easily attached to and detached from a machine tool in a short time. An object of the present invention is to provide a machining jig that can change the posture of a workpiece, thereby greatly improving the machining efficiency of a small workpiece and reducing the operator's workload.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The structure for fixing a small workpiece according to the present invention that has solved the above problems includes a contact surface 4 that is formed opposite to both sides of the mounting surface 2, a fitting groove 3 that is formed in an intermediate portion of the mounting surface, and this fitting A screw hole 6 provided in the bottom surface of the groove, a presser spring plate 12 bent in an upward U-shaped cross section having a bolt insertion hole 12b on the bottom surface, an inverted trapezoidal wedge member 13 provided with a bolt insertion hole 13b, and a fastening bolt 14, the presser spring plate is fitted and fixed in the fitting groove, and the wedge member is disposed in a state in which the trapezoidal wedge surface 13a is in sliding contact with the inner side of the upper edge of the presser spring plate 12, The fastening bolt penetrates the bolt insertion hole of the wedge member and the presser spring plate and is screwed into the screw hole on the bottom surface of the fitting groove. By screwing the fastening bolt, the upper side of the presser spring plate is expanded on both sides. A plurality of small workpieces 15 can be simultaneously applied to the contact surface 4 It is characterized in that lifting fixed.
[0007]
When it is desired to more securely fix a plurality of workpieces with a single spring plate, the upper edge of the presser spring plate 12 is formed in the width direction of the bottom surface of the spring plate such as a circle, an ellipse, an oval, a diamond, or an inverted U-shape. And bent in a cross-sectional shape capable of elastic deformation in the same direction. Thereby, a minute dimensional error between a plurality of works fixed at the same time is absorbed, and each work can be fixed more reliably.
[0008]
The processing jig for a small workpiece according to claim 2, which employs the above-described structure, grips the vise base 22 having a gripping body 24 facing and advancing toward the other and the end faces 1a and 1b with the gripping body. The center pin 18b is provided with a mounting block 1 having the mounting structure according to claim 1, and is arranged on a rotation center line parallel to the mounting surface between the gripping body and the end surface, and is projected and retracted. 30 and a pair of center holes 33 and 17a for receiving the center pin, a positioning pin 31 protruding after the center pin protrudes in conjunction with the projecting and retracting operation of the center pin, and one or a plurality of positioning holes 9 for receiving the center pin. A center pin protruding and retracting mechanism is built in one of the gripping bodies in parallel and spaced apart in the radial direction.
[0009]
At least two mounting blocks 1 corresponding to the dimensions of the workpiece 15 to be machined are prepared. The distance between the abutment surface 4 of the mounting block 1 and the fitting groove 3 is determined according to the size of the work to be fixed to the mounting block, and the work direction of the work is provided on both end faces 1a and 1b of the mounting block. One or a plurality of positioning holes 9 are provided at a position corresponding to.
[0010]
[Action]
The workpiece is attached to and detached from the processing jig according to the present invention and the processing is performed as follows. A presser spring plate 12 is attached to the fitting groove 3 of the mounting block with the bottom portion fitted, and a wedge member 13 is inserted between the claw plates 11 on both sides of the presser spring plate, and a bolt insertion hole 12b. The fastening bolts 14 passed through 13b are screwed into the screw holes 6 at the bottoms of the fitting grooves. The vise base 22 is fixed to the table of the machine tool.
[0011]
First, the workpieces 15 to be processed are arranged on both sides of the fitting groove 3 of the mounting block. Then, when the fastening bolt 14 is screwed into the screw hole 6 at the bottom of the fitting groove, the wedge member 13 spreads the claw plate 11 of the presser spring plate 12, and a plurality of workpieces arranged on both sides of the clamping plate 14 are in contact with the contact surface 4. It is clamped between them.
[0012]
The mounting block to which a plurality of workpieces are fixed in this way is inserted between the two gripping bodies 23 and 24 of the vise base 22 with the center pins 30 and 18b and the positioning pins 31 and 31 immersed therein, and the center pins 30 and 18b are inserted. And the center holes 17a and 33 are made to coincide with each other and the center pins 30 and 18b are advanced to support the mounting block 1 so as to be rotatable around the center rod 18. Then, the mounting block 1 is rotated around the center pins 30 and 18b so that the mounting surface faces the tool of the machine tool, and the center pins 30 and 18b are further advanced. The positioning pin 31 is inserted into the positioning hole 9 in synchronization with the advance operation at this time, and the mounting angle of the mounting block 1 is defined. In this state, the holding body 24 of the vise base is advanced, and the attachment block 1 is sandwiched and fixed by the both holding bodies 23 and 24. In this state, desired processing is performed on a plurality of workpieces.
[0013]
When the processing of the workpiece in the first direction is finished, the holding of the vise base 22 is loosened, and the center pins 30 and 18b are retracted to the intermediate position. As a result, the positioning pin 31 is detached from the positioning hole 9. Therefore, the mounting pin 1 is rotated around the center pins 30, 18 b to move in the second processing direction, and the center pins 30, 18 b are advanced again, thereby positioning pins 31. Is inserted into the second positioning hole 9 provided at the angular position, and the holding body 24 is advanced to fix the mounting block 1. In this state, the workpiece 15 is processed in the second direction.
[0014]
If further processing in the third direction is required, the gripping body 24 is loosened, the center pins 30, 18b are retracted to the intermediate position, the mounting block 1 is rotated in the third direction, and the center pins 30, 18b are moved again. Then, after the holding body 24 is advanced and the mounting block 1 is fixed, the workpiece is processed in the third direction.
[0015]
While processing the workpiece with the machine tool, the worker fixes the workpiece to be processed next to another mounting block. This operation is performed by loosening the fastening bolt 14 and removing the processed workpiece, and then placing a new workpiece on the mounting surface and fastening the bolt 14, so that the operation can be performed even if the number of workpieces is large. It can be done easily in a short time.
[0016]
When the mounting block 1 is provided with a plurality of mounting surfaces 2 as in the illustrated embodiment, the mounting block 1 is repeatedly rotated and fixed on the vise base 22 so that all mounting surfaces are provided. Processing in a desired direction is performed on the attached workpiece 15. When all the processing is completed, the grip body 24 is loosened, and the center pins 30, 18b are retracted to the retracted end. As a result, the center pins 30 and 18 b are detached from the center holes 17 a and 33, so that the mounting block 1 is removed from the vise base 22. Then, a mounting block on which the next workpiece is mounted in advance is attached to the vise base, and machining for the next group of workpieces is started.
[0017]
While the machine tool performs machining on the next group of workpieces, the machined workpiece is removed from the mounting block removed from the machine tool, and the workpiece to be machined next is mounted. By repeating this operation, a large amount of small workpieces can be efficiently processed with a small work load.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The working jig and workpiece fixing structure of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the illustrated embodiments. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a mounting block. The mounting block 1 in the figure is a quadrangular prism and has four mounting surfaces 2 formed on its peripheral surface. In the center of each mounting surface, a fitting groove 3 is provided in the longitudinal direction, and a contact surface 4 is formed at a distance corresponding to the dimensions of the workpiece fixed on both sides thereof. The abutting surface 4 is formed by leaving the ridge 5 on the ridge line portion of the quadrangular prism. A screw hole 6 is provided on the bottom surface of the fitting groove 3. At the center of the mounting block 1, there is provided a center hole 8 penetrating from one end surface 7a to the other end surface 7b, and a sleeve 17 with a flange 16 fitted and fixed to the center hole 8 at each end surface. A plurality of positioning holes 9 for setting the direction of the mounting block 1 at positions corresponding to the workpiece machining direction are provided in the end faces 1a and 1b of the flange 16, respectively.
[0019]
In the fitting groove 3, a presser spring plate 12 bent in an upward U-shape to form a bottom plate 10 and claw plates 11 on both sides is formed on both wall surfaces of the fitting groove 3 by elasticity in the expanding direction of the bottom portion. It is inserted in a pressing state (see FIG. 2). Inside the presser spring plate 12, a wedge member 13 having an inverted trapezoidal cross section is inserted in a state where the wedge slope 13 a is in contact with a sliding contact edge 11 a provided on the upper edge of the presser spring plate 12. The fastening bolt 14 is screwed into the screw hole 6 at the bottom of the fitting groove through bolt insertion holes 13b and 12b provided in the presser spring plate 12.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 3, the presser spring plate 12 is bent so that the bent portion 10a of the claw plate 11 on both sides and the bottom portion 10 swells directly above, and the center of the bottom plate 10 is slightly extended. It is bent upward. With this structure, the presser spring plate 12 is easily inserted by pushing only its bottom portion into the fitting groove 3, and the wall surfaces 3a on both sides of the fitting groove 3 are pressed and fixed by its own elasticity. , Does not leave easily. Of course, the presser spring plate 12 can be screwed to the bottom of the fitting groove 3. Further, the upper edges of the claw plates 11 on both sides are bent into a cylindrical shape having a circular or elliptical cross section, the inner side of the cylindrical shape is used as a sliding contact edge 11a with the wedge member 13, and the outer side is in contact with the workpiece. Since the edge 11b is used, when a plurality of workpieces are held by one presser spring plate 12, minute dimensional errors between the workpieces are absorbed by elastic deformation in the diameter direction of the cylinder. And since it will contact | abut with the wedge member 13 and the workpiece | work 15 with a convex arc-shaped bending surface, those contact surfaces are not damaged.
[0021]
When a plurality of small workpieces 15 to be processed are arranged between the fitting groove 3 and the contact surface 4 of the mounting surface 2 of the mounting block and the fastening bolts 14 are screwed in as shown in FIG. The claw plate 11 is pushed between the claw plates 11 on both sides of the presser spring plate 12 to push the claw plate 11 outward. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the work 15 disposed between the fitting groove 3 and the contact surface 4 is pressed against the contact surface 4 by the expanding operation by pushing in the wedge member 13. It is clamped between the nail plates 2. Since the mounting block 1 shown in FIG. 1 has four mounting surfaces 2, the work 15 is fixed to each surface by the same method.
[0022]
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the mounting block 1 has a center rod 18 supported by the center holes 17a of the sleeves 17 at both ends so as to be slidable in the axial direction. The center rod 18 is provided with a stopper 19 that abuts one of the sleeves 17 to define the stroke end of the rod 17 and urges the center rod 18 in a direction in which the stopper is pressed against the one sleeve. A coil spring 20 is provided. The illustrated coil spring 20 is mounted between the other end of the sleeve 17 and a spring receiver 21 fixed to the center rod 18. In a state where the stopper 19 is in contact with one of the sleeves 17 by the urging force of the coil spring 20, both ends 18 a and 18 b of the center rod 18 are in a position slightly recessed from the end surfaces 1 a and 1 b of the flange 16. Accordingly, the mounting block 1 can be inserted between the opposing gripping bodies 23 and 24 of the vise base 22 in this state.
[0023]
The vise base 22 shown in the drawing is a base 25 fixed to a table of a machine tool, a fixed grip body 23 fixed to the base integrally, and advancing and retracting with a feed screw 36 facing the fixed grip body. A movable gripping body 24 is provided. The movable gripper 24 includes a cam shaft 26 that is orthogonal to the axial direction of the mounting block 1, and a handle 27 that rotates the cam shaft is provided. A center cam 28 and a positioning cam 29 are fixed to the cam shaft 26, and a center pin 30 and a positioning pin 31 that are in contact with the cam surfaces (outer peripheral surfaces) of the respective cams to advance and retract toward the mounting block 1 side are movable gripped. The body 24 is provided so as to be movable in the axial direction. The center pin 30 has such a length that its front end surface is flush with the gripping surface 24a of the gripping body 24 when the center pin 30 is retracted. The positioning pin 31 is immersed in the gripping body 24 when retracted. The gripping body 24 is provided with a return spring 32 for retracting the positioning pin 31.
[0024]
In the center cam 28 and the positioning cam 29, when the cam shaft 26 is rotated at a certain angle by the handle 27, the center pin 30 first moves forward, and when the cam shaft 26 is further rotated, the positioning pin 31 moves late. As a shape to do. Therefore, when the camshaft 26 is rotated in the reverse direction, the positioning pin 31 is first retracted, and then the center pin 30 is retracted by the biasing force of the coil spring 20 of the mounting block. It is preferable to provide a ball plunger and other stoppers for elastically holding an intermediate rotational position of the cam shaft in which only the center pin 30 advances on the handle 27 mounting portion of the grip body 24.
[0025]
The fixed grip body 23 is provided with a center hole 33 at the center of the grip surface 23a, and a center pin 37 is provided in the center hole 33 so as to be slidable in the axial direction. A seesaw lever 34 with one swinging end protruding from the back of the center hole 33 is provided, and a positioning pin 31 that moves forward and backward in the axial direction is mounted by the other swinging end of the seesaw lever. The positioning pin 31 is immersed by the return spring 32 from the holding surface 23a of the fixed holding body. The center pin 37 has such a length that the tip surface in contact with the end 18b of the center rod 18 is flush with the gripping surface 23a.
[0026]
In the processing jig having the above-described structure, the plurality of small workpieces 15 to be processed are fixed to the mounting surfaces of the mounting block 1 as described in the section of the operation. The mounting block is inserted between the fixed gripping body 23 and the movable gripping body 24 of the vise base 22 fixed to the table of the machine tool, and the handle 27 is rotated to advance the center pin 30 into the center hole 17a of the sleeve. The advanced center pin pushes the center rod 18 in the mounting block 1, and the end 18 b of the center rod 18 enters the center hole 33 provided in the grip body as a center pin on the fixed grip body 23 side.
[0027]
In this state, the mounting block 1 is supported by the center pins 30 and 18b so as to be rotatable about the central axis. Therefore, when the handle 27 is further rotated in a desired direction, the movable gripper 24 is moved by the positioning cam 29. As the positioning pin 31 on the side advances, the center pins 30 and 18b further advance to swing the seesaw lever 34, and the positioning pin 31 on the fixed gripper side also advances, and is inserted into the positioning hole 9 of the mounting block. The direction of block 1 is defined. Therefore, the movable holding body 24 is advanced toward the fixed holding body by the feed screw 36 to fix the mounting block 1.
[0028]
If the machine tool is, for example, a vertical machining center, the upper surface of the workpiece fixed to the mounting surface or the drilling can be performed with one mounting surface of the mounting block in FIG. 1 facing upward. . At the same time, the side surface of the workpiece attached to the attachment surface adjacent to the attachment surface can be processed within a range where the tool and the flange 5 of the attachment block do not interfere with each other. When processing in one mounting direction is completed, the movable gripping body 24 is loosened, the handle 27 is returned to the intermediate position, the positioning pin 31 is detached, the mounting block 1 is directed to the next processing direction, and the positioning pin is advanced again. After determining the direction of the mounting block, the mounting block 1 is clamped by the movable gripper 24 and processing in the next direction is performed.
[0029]
When machining of all the workpieces is completed in this way, the machined workpiece is removed from the vise base 22 together with the mounting block 1, and the mounting block on which the next workpiece is mounted is newly fixed to the vise base 22, and the next group of Machining of the workpiece.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the mounting structure of the present invention, a large number of workpieces can be simultaneously processed by fixing a large number of workpieces to a mounting surface of a pallet, a vise, or a mounting block fixed thereto. There is an effect that a large number of workpieces can be attached and detached in a short time with light work. Further, by utilizing the mounting structure of the present invention, it is possible to provide a machining jig that can simultaneously machine a plurality of surfaces of a large number of small workpieces and that can be easily attached to and detached from the jig.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an attachment block of a processing jig according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing an operation of the attachment structure of the invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a preferable shape of a presser spring plate. 4 is a plan view of the mounting block of FIG. 1 with a workpiece mounted thereon. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view showing an example of the processing jig of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional plan view of the processing jig of FIG. [Explanation of symbols]
1 Mounting block
1a, 1b End face 2 Mounting face 3 Fitting groove 4 Abutting face 6 Screw hole 9 Positioning hole
12 Presser spring plate
12a Bolt insertion hole
13 Wedge member
13b Bolt insertion hole
14 Fastening bolt
15 work
18b end
22 Vise stand
24 Grasping body
30 Center pin
31 Positioning pin

Claims (2)

The contact surface (4) formed opposite to both sides of the mounting surface (2), the fitting groove (3) formed in the intermediate portion of the mounting surface, and the screw hole provided on the bottom surface of the fitting groove ( 6), a presser spring plate (12) bent in an upward U-shaped cross section having a bolt insertion hole (12b) on the bottom surface, and an inverted trapezoidal wedge member (13) having a bolt insertion hole (13b) A bolt (14), and the presser spring plate is fitted and fixed in the fitting groove, and the wedge member is in sliding contact with the trapezoidal wedge surface (13a) on the inner side of the upper edge of the presser spring plate (12). The fastening bolt is inserted into the screw hole on the bottom surface of the fitting groove through the bolt insertion hole of the wedge member and the presser spring plate, and the presser spring plate is screwed in by screwing the fastening bolt. A structure for fixing a small work, characterized in that a plurality of small works (15) are sandwiched and fixed simultaneously with the contact surface (4) by expanding the upper side of both sides. 2. A vise base (22) provided with a gripping body (24) at least one of which faces opposite the other, and an attachment structure according to claim 1, wherein the end faces (1a, 1b) are gripped by the gripping body. And a center pin (18b, 30) arranged on a rotation center line parallel to the mounting surface and projecting in and out between the gripping body and the end surface, and a center for receiving the center pin (18b, 30). A pair of holes (33, 17a), a positioning pin (31) that protrudes after the center pin protrudes in conjunction with the protruding and retracting operation of the center pin, and one or a plurality of positioning holes (9) that receive the center pin are parallel to the center pin. A jig for processing a small workpiece, wherein a center pin protruding and retracting mechanism is built in one of the gripping bodies.

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