JP4203010B2 - 保護床及び銅含有触媒床の組合せ - Google Patents
保護床及び銅含有触媒床の組合せ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4203010B2 JP4203010B2 JP2004527001A JP2004527001A JP4203010B2 JP 4203010 B2 JP4203010 B2 JP 4203010B2 JP 2004527001 A JP2004527001 A JP 2004527001A JP 2004527001 A JP2004527001 A JP 2004527001A JP 4203010 B2 JP4203010 B2 JP 4203010B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bed
- lead
- copper
- alumina
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 halide compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical class [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaplumbetan-4-one Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000003 Lead carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000004 White lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical group O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2-amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxylatoethyl)disulfanyl]propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C(N)CSSCC(N)C([O-])=O QUQFTIVBFKLPCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H lead(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8696—Controlling the catalytic process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/88—Handling or mounting catalysts
- B01D53/885—Devices in general for catalytic purification of waste gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0211—Compounds of Ti, Zr, Hf
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0251—Compounds of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
- B01J20/0255—Compounds of Pb
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/14—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of germanium, tin or lead
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/72—Copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
- C01B3/16—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1076—Copper or zinc-based catalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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Description
化鉛粒子及び担体材料の粒子から簡単に製造できることを見い出した。
従って、本発明は、粒子状銅含有触媒の床並びに当該触媒床の上流の酸化鉛粒子及び粒子状担体材料から形成された成形ユニットの保護床を含む触媒床の組合せを提供する。
本発明をさらに以下の実施例によって示す。
塩化物吸収体の試料を、酸化鉛(PbO)及びアルミナ水和物粉末から作製した。実施例1(a)の酸化鉛粉末は重量平均粒径13.6μmを有し、本質的に全ての粒子が6.3〜29.4μmの範囲内のサイズを有した。実施例1(b)の酸化鉛粉末は重量平均粒径8.5μmを有し、本質的に全ての粒子が3.6〜19.5μmの範囲内のサイズを有した。アルミナ三水和物(Al(OH)3)粉末はBET表面積0.5m2/g及び重量平均粒径21μmを有し、本質的に全ての粒子が5.1〜54.3μmの範囲内のサイズを有した。ベーマイト(AlO(OH))粉末はBET表面積228m2/g及び重量平均粒径31.2μmを有し、本質的に全ての粒子が5.8〜71.2μmの範囲内のサイズを有した。
黒鉛と5分間混合し、負荷20トンでペレット成形機を使用して混合物を直径25mm及び高さ10〜20mmのずんぐりした円柱形ペレットへと形成した。ペレットは名目鉛含量36.4重量%及び密度約3.5g/mlを有した。この実施例1(a)は参考例である。
実施例1の保護床材料を試験するために、シフト触媒前駆体の上に層として配置された粒径0.6〜1.0mmを有する0.25g(約0.1ml)の溶融アルミナの粒子、及び、溶融アルミナ粒子の上に粒径0.6〜1.0mmの0.2ml(約0.36g)の保護材料粒子を有するマイクロ反応器に、50重量%の酸化銅を含み、0.6〜1.0mmの範囲内の粒径を有する0.50g(約0.4ml)の酸化銅/酸化亜鉛/アルミナ低温シフト触媒前駆体の粒子を装填して、体積約0.70mlの総触媒床を与えた。(試験の前に、保護床材料のペレットを0.6〜1mmのサイズの粒子に分解した)。
実施例2(a)低温シフト触媒の床、
実施例2(b)名目鉛含量約20.5重量%を有するアルミナ表面の酸化鉛を含む市販の吸収体を含む床、及び
実施例2(c)次の通り含浸することで作製したアルミナ粒子表面に担持された酸化鉛を含む床;0.6〜1.0mmのサイズを有し、BET表面積350m2/gを有する303gのガンマアルミナ粒子を、60〜70℃で、近似濃度55gの硝酸鉛(II)/100mlの溶液を有する800mlの硝酸鉛(II)の水溶液中に浸漬した。30分間後に材料を溶液から除去し、液体を排出し、110℃で2時間乾燥し、次にオーブン中300℃で2時間か焼した。上記の方法を、上記のように作製したか焼済み硝酸鉛含浸済みアルミナ及び別の量の硝酸鉛溶液を使用して繰り返した。300℃でか焼した後、生成した材料を再度別の量の硝酸鉛溶液を使用して3回再浸漬した。300℃で2時間か焼した後、材料は鉛含量25.5重量%を有した。材料の一部分を次に550℃で2時間さらにか焼して、硝酸鉛を酸化鉛に分解し、鉛含量28.7重量%を有する生成物を与えた。鉛含量の増大は酸化鉛が形成されたことを示す。
実施例3
一連の担持型酸化鉛保護床材料を実施例1の方法(b)に従って作製し、組成は次の通りである。
Claims (7)
- ハロゲン化物化合物を含むプロセスガスを通過させるための、粒子状銅含有触媒の床及び当該触媒床の上流の成形ユニットからなる保護床を含む触媒床の組合せにおいて、保護床成形ユニットは、酸化鉛粒子並びに、担体としての、アルミナ三水和物及びアルミナ一水和物を含む2種以上の粒子状アルミナ水和物の混合物を混合することによって形成されることを特徴とする、組合せ。
- 前記成形ユニットは、加工助剤を含む組成物から形成される、請求項1に記載の組合せ。
- 前記成形ユニットは、鉛含量5〜75重量%の鉛(金属として表す)を有する、請求項1または請求項2に記載の組合せ。
- 前記成形ユニットは、鉛含量30〜75重量%の鉛(金属として表す)を有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ。
- 前記成形ユニットは、酸化鉛、担体としての、アルミナ三水和物及びアルミナ一水和物を含む2種以上の粒子状アルミナ水和物の混合物並びに黒鉛から形成される、請求項2〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ。
- 前記成形ユニットを形成するために使用される前記酸化鉛は、平均(重量による)粒径50μm未満を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の組合せ。
- 銅含有触媒の床を使用して触媒反応を実行する方法であって、ハロゲン化物化合物を含むプロセスガスを、成形ユニットの保護床を通過させること、次に、前記プロセスガスを、前記銅含有触媒の床を通過させること、を含む方法において、保護床成形ユニットは、酸化鉛粒子並びに、担体としての、アルミナ三水和物及びアルミナ一水和物を含む2種以上の粒子状アルミナ水和物の混合物を混合することによって形成されることを特徴とする、方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0218785.4A GB0218785D0 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2002-08-13 | Catalyst bed combination |
PCT/GB2003/003193 WO2004014546A1 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2003-07-28 | Combination of a guard bed and a copper-containing catalyst bed |
Publications (2)
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JP2005535437A JP2005535437A (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
JP4203010B2 true JP4203010B2 (ja) | 2008-12-24 |
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JP2004527001A Expired - Fee Related JP4203010B2 (ja) | 2002-08-13 | 2003-07-28 | 保護床及び銅含有触媒床の組合せ |
Country Status (13)
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US (1) | US7148178B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1545766B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4203010B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100389866C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE317723T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003260693A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0313410B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2494393C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60303612T2 (ja) |
EG (1) | EG23619A (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2257701T3 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB0218785D0 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004014546A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
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MY154030A (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2015-04-30 | Shell Int Research | Process to prepare a hydrogen rich gas mixture |
WO2013013888A2 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Olefin oligomerization process |
US9550705B2 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2017-01-24 | Exxonmobill Chemical Patents Inc. | Olefin oligomerization process |
WO2013013887A2 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Olefin oligomerization process |
US9956553B2 (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-05-01 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Regeneration of an ionic liquid catalyst by hydrogenation using a macroporous noble metal catalyst |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB1357335A (en) | 1970-07-22 | 1974-06-19 | Ici Ltd | Hydrogen |
FR2619120B1 (fr) * | 1987-08-07 | 1989-12-29 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede pour l'elimination conjointe d'arsenic et d'oxysulfure de carbone d'une coupe d'hydrocarbures insatures en phase liquide |
US4849576A (en) * | 1988-05-17 | 1989-07-18 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Pretreatment of butenes |
GB9920871D0 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 1999-11-10 | Ici Plc | Catalysts |
FR2806092B1 (fr) * | 2000-03-08 | 2002-05-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'elimination d'arsenic en presence d'une masse d'absorption comprenant de l'oxyde de plomb partiellement presulfure |
GB0104096D0 (en) | 2001-02-20 | 2001-04-04 | Synetix Intellectual Property | Catalysts |
-
2002
- 2002-08-13 GB GBGB0218785.4A patent/GB0218785D0/en not_active Ceased
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2003
- 2003-07-28 DE DE60303612T patent/DE60303612T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-28 CA CA2494393A patent/CA2494393C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-28 AT AT03784231T patent/ATE317723T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-28 WO PCT/GB2003/003193 patent/WO2004014546A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-07-28 AU AU2003260693A patent/AU2003260693A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-28 BR BRPI0313410-5A patent/BR0313410B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-07-28 ES ES03784231T patent/ES2257701T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2003-07-28 CN CNB038190702A patent/CN100389866C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-28 JP JP2004527001A patent/JP4203010B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CA2494393C (en) | 2011-02-01 |
AU2003260693A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
ES2257701T3 (es) | 2006-08-01 |
DE60303612D1 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
CA2494393A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
DE60303612T2 (de) | 2006-09-14 |
ATE317723T1 (de) | 2006-03-15 |
CN1674982A (zh) | 2005-09-28 |
GB0218785D0 (en) | 2002-09-18 |
US7148178B2 (en) | 2006-12-12 |
WO2004014546A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
EP1545766A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
EP1545766B1 (en) | 2006-02-15 |
CN100389866C (zh) | 2008-05-28 |
US20050271580A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
BR0313410B1 (pt) | 2013-03-19 |
EG23619A (en) | 2006-11-30 |
JP2005535437A (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
BR0313410A (pt) | 2005-07-12 |
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