JP4194668B2 - High performance filter cloth - Google Patents

High performance filter cloth Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4194668B2
JP4194668B2 JP13825096A JP13825096A JP4194668B2 JP 4194668 B2 JP4194668 B2 JP 4194668B2 JP 13825096 A JP13825096 A JP 13825096A JP 13825096 A JP13825096 A JP 13825096A JP 4194668 B2 JP4194668 B2 JP 4194668B2
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Prior art keywords
fibers
filter cloth
fine
dust
fineness
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JPH09313832A (en
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進 小椋
博佐 渡辺
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Teijin Techno Products Ltd
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Teijin Techno Products Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、捕集性能に優れていると共に、長期間の使用においても被捕集物による目詰まりが発生し難く、特に都市ゴミ焼却炉の排ガス、工場排気ガス等の排ガス中の微粒子を捕集するバッグフィルター等に利用される高性能濾過布に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
集塵フィルターは、集塵機の集塵室内に例えば吊設しておいて集塵を行うために使用されるもので、例えばビーティング等によるダストの払い落としと集塵を繰り返すことにより、長期間の集塵が行えるようになっている。従来このような集塵フィルター用の濾過布としては、織布又はニードルパンチ等により交絡処理された不織布(フェルト)が用いられてきたが、近年、装置の小形化の観点から、通気度の大きい不織布を用いると共に、ダストの払い落としをパルスジェットで行う方法が広まりつつある。しかし、不織布は織布に比べて内部充填率が小さいため、微細ダストの捕集性能に劣るという問題がある。このような問題を解消するため、フェルト層内に極細繊維からなる集合体を分散混合した濾過布(特公平7−38928号公報)、ダスト捕集面側に極細繊維からなる層を配した濾過布(特公平7−16570公報)などが提案されている。
【0003】
しかしながら、上記に提案されている濾過布は、パルスジェットによるダスト払い落としを繰り返すと濾過布内部へのダストの侵入が多くなり、圧力損失ひいては捕集効率の低下が著しくなるという問題を有するものであった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記の事情を背景になされたもので、その目的は、微細なダストを効率良く捕集することができ、しかもジェットパルス等により捕集したダストを払い落として繰り返し使用しても集塵性能の低下がなく、長期間初期の集塵性能を持続することができる濾過布を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記本発明の課題は、「基布にアラミド短繊維からなるフェルトが一体成形されてなる濾過布において、該フェルトは少なくとも0.5〜0.8デニールの細繊度短繊維からなるウエブ層と2.0〜5.0デニールの太繊度短繊維からなるウエブとを基布に積層交絡させたフェルトであり、かつ該細繊度短繊維から構成されるウエブ層が被濾過物捕集面側に配されていることを特徴とする高性能濾過布。」により達成される。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で用いられる基布を構成する繊維は、集塵濾過布用として従来知られている繊維であり、例えば炭素繊維、金属繊維、ガラス繊維、有機耐熱性繊維などである。有機耐熱性繊維としては、メタ型アラミド繊維、ポリフェニレントリアゾール繊維、ポリオキシチアゾール繊維、ポリイミド繊維、ポリベンゾイミダゾール繊維などが知られている。ここでメタ型アラミドとは、メタ型芳香族ジアミンとメタ型芳香族ジカルボン酸との反応により生成するポリマーあるいはそのコポリマーである。好ましく用いられる繊維は、例えばメタフェニレンジアミンとイソフタル酸ジクロライドとの反応により生成するポリメタフェニレンイソフタルアミドを主成分とするポリマーからなる繊維である。基布は織物でも編物でも不織布でもよいが、通常スクリムの形態で用いることが多い。
【0007】
フェルトを構成する短繊維は、アラミド繊維、好ましくはメタ型アラミド繊維、特に好ましくは上記と同じくメタフェニレンジアミンとイソフタル酸ジクロライドとの反応により生成するポリメタフェニレンイソフタルアミドを主成分とするポリマーからなる繊維である必要がある。他の繊維、例えばポリエステル繊維、ポリアミド繊維、ポリオレフィン繊維等では、過酷な条件下で集塵・払い落としを繰り返し長期間使用している間に繊維が劣化して目詰まりが進行し、集塵性能が著しく低下するため好ましくない。
【0008】
また本発明においては、フェルトは互いに繊度の異なる少なくとも2層のウエブを積層交絡させたフェルトであり、細繊度短繊維で構成されたウエブの方の短繊維繊度は0.5〜0.8デニールの範囲内にあり、また太繊度短繊維で構成されたウエブの方の短繊維繊度が2.0〜5.0デニール、好ましくは2.0〜4.0デニールの範囲内にあることが肝要である。細繊度短繊維の繊度が0.5デニール未満では初めのダストの捕集性能は良好であるが、集塵・ジェットパルスによる払い落としを繰り返した場合、繊維の絡みが緩んでフェルト内部にダストが侵入しやすくなり、目詰まり等による集塵性能の低下が起こるので好ましくない。一方0.8デニールを越えるとダストによる目詰まりは発生し難くなるが、微細なダストの捕集効率が低下するため集塵用濾過布としては不適当になる。また太繊度短繊維の繊度が2.0デニール未満の場合には、ダストの捕集効率は向上するものの、交絡処理時に作用される力学的負荷により、排ガス中に含まれる水蒸気や酸性ガスによる繊維の劣化が進行しやすくなるため、濾過布としての耐久性に問題を生じるため好ましくない。一方5.0デニールを越える場合には、交絡処理により細繊度短繊維で構成されたウエブ中に太繊度短繊維が混入するためダストの侵入が多くなり吹き漏れが多くなるので好ましくない。なお、上記の各ウエブ層は、繊度が上記を満足している限り、繊度の異なる複数の短繊維で構成されていてもよい。繊維長はいずれの短繊維も38〜72mmの範囲が適当である。
【0009】
また、細繊度短繊維からなるウエブ層と太繊度短繊維からなるウエブ層とを積層せずに、これらの異なる繊度の短繊維を混合したウエブを用いたのでは、その詳細な理由はよく分からないが、得られるフェルトの細孔分布にバラツキが大きくなり、しかも細孔サイズも大きくなってダストの捕集性能が低下するため好ましくない(図1及び図2参照)。
【0010】
また本発明においては、前記細繊度短繊維の繊度と、太繊度短繊維の繊度との比は、あまりに大きくなりすぎると交絡処理時に目付け斑やピンポールが発生しやすくなり、一方小さくなりすぎるとダスト捕集効率が低下しやすいので、1:2〜1:8の範囲にあるのが適当である。また、細繊度短繊維からなるウエブ層の目付けは、あまりに小さいとダスト捕集性能が低下し、逆に大きいと圧力損失が大きくなりすぎて集塵フィルター用としては好ましくなくなるので100〜350g/m2 、好ましくは200〜300g/m2 の範囲が適当であり、一方太繊度短繊維からなるウエブ層の目付けは、得られるフェルト層の強力の観点から150〜400g/m2 、好ましくは200〜300g/m2 の範囲が適当である。また、全体の目付けとしては400〜600g/m2 、全体の厚みとしては1.5〜2.2mmの範囲が適当である。
【0011】
本発明の濾過布は、前述の基布を挟んで被濾過物(被捕集物)の捕集面側に細繊度短繊維からなるウエブ層、反対側に太繊度短繊維からなるウエブ層を積層するか、もしくは基布の片面に太繊度短繊維からなるウエブ層と細繊度短繊維からなるウエブ層とをこの順に積層し(この場合捕集面は基布とは反対側になる)、ついで上下両面から、例えばニードルパンチング等により交絡処理を施してフェルトを形成させることにより得られる。
【0012】
かくして得られる本発明の濾過布は、このままでも高温下、水蒸気や酸性ガスが存在する過酷な環境下で十分使用可能であるが、アラミド繊維表面にケイ素、アルミニウム及びリチウムの群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の金属の酸化物とフッ素系樹脂からなる処理剤が被覆されていると、繊維の劣化が抑制されて濾過布の耐久性が向上すると共に、ダストの捕集効率が向上して粒径1μm以下の微粒子も効率よく捕集できるようになるので好ましい。
【0013】
また濾過布のダスト捕集面側に、バーナーによる毛焼きやカレンダー加工等の表面平滑仕上げ処理を施してもよく、かくすることによりダストの払い落とし性が向上するので好ましい。
【0014】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明する。なお、実施例中における各性能の測定は下記方法にしたがった。
【0015】
<濾過布の引張強度>
JIS L 1096に準拠し、基布の緯糸方向を長手方向として、幅50mm、つかみ間隔20cmにて測定した。
【0016】
<圧力損失及び残留ダスト:集塵効率>
実効面積が30cm×30cmの平面型の濾過布サンプルを用い、濾過速度2.0m/分、温度150℃において、試料粉体(JIS規格のダスト10種)を粉体濃度5.0g/m3 として濾過を行った。また捕集された粉体の払い落としは、ゲージ圧3kg/m2 の空気によるパルスジェットで行った。評価は100回払い落とした直後の濾過布圧力損失(濾過布前後の圧力さ)と残留ダスト量(濾過布の重量増加)を測定した。
【0017】
<捕集効率>
上記の評価において、濾過布前後のダスト濃度n1 、n2 (g/m3 )をダスト濃度計を用いて測定し、次式より算出した。
捕集率(E)=(1−n2 /n1 )×100
【0018】
<細孔分布:バブルポイント法>
ASTM F 316−86の方法にしたがい、ポーラスマテリアル社製(PMI社製)パームポロメーターを用いて測定した。
【0019】
[実施例1〜3、比較例1〜6]
メタ型アラミド短繊維(帝人株式会社製、コーネックス、短繊維繊度2.0デニール×繊維長51mm)からなる10番手双糸からなるスクリム(織密度:経緯共に10本/インチの平織物)の両面に、表1記載のウエブA及びB(ただし捕集面側となるウエブがA)を積層し、ニードルパンチングを施して基布と一体化させ、次いで嵩密度が約0.3g/cm3 となるようにカレンダー加工を施した後、さらにダスト捕集面となる側の毛焼き処理を行って濾過布を得た。得られた濾過布の評価結果を表1にまとめて示す。
【0020】
【表1】

Figure 0004194668
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明の濾過布は、繊度が前記の範囲にある細繊度アラミド短繊維からなるウエブ層と太繊度短繊維からなるウエブ層とを積層し、これを交絡処理して基布に一体成形しているので、ダストの捕集性能に優れ、しかも集塵・ジェットパルスによる捕集したダストの払い落としを繰り返してもダストの侵入による目詰まりが発生し難いため、極めて長期間初期の良好な捕集性能を持続することができ、都市ゴミ焼却炉の排ガス、工場排気ガス等の排ガス中の微粒子を捕集するバッグフィルター等に好適に使用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 繊維表面積と排気中に残存するダスト量との関係を表すグラフである。
【図2】 各種濾過布のバブルポイント法により測定した細孔分布グラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has excellent collection performance and is less likely to be clogged by the collected material even when used for a long period of time, and in particular, collects particulates in exhaust gas such as exhaust gas from municipal waste incinerators and factory exhaust gas. The present invention relates to a high-performance filter cloth used for collecting bag filters and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The dust collection filter is used to collect dust by suspending it in the dust collection chamber of the dust collector, for example, by collecting dust for a long time and collecting dust for a long time. Dust can be made. Conventionally, as a filter cloth for such a dust collection filter, a woven cloth or a non-woven cloth (felt) entangled with a needle punch or the like has been used, but in recent years, from the viewpoint of downsizing the apparatus, the air permeability is large. In addition to using non-woven fabrics, methods for removing dust with a pulse jet are spreading. However, since the non-woven fabric has a smaller internal filling rate than that of the woven fabric, there is a problem in that the performance of collecting fine dust is inferior. In order to solve such a problem, a filter cloth (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-38928) in which an assembly made of ultrafine fibers is dispersed and mixed in a felt layer, and a filter made by arranging a layer made of ultrafine fibers on the dust collecting surface side. A cloth (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-16570) has been proposed.
[0003]
However, the filter cloth proposed above has a problem that if dust removal by the pulse jet is repeated, dust intrudes into the filter cloth, and the pressure loss and thus the collection efficiency are significantly reduced. there were.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made against the background of the above circumstances, and the purpose thereof is to collect fine dust efficiently, and even if dust collected by jet pulses or the like is removed and repeatedly used. An object of the present invention is to provide a filter cloth that can maintain the initial dust collection performance for a long period of time without lowering the dust collection performance.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The object of the present invention is “in a filter cloth in which a felt made of aramid short fibers is integrally formed on a base cloth, the felt comprising a web layer made of fine fibers having a fineness of at least 0.5 to 0.8 denier and 2 A felt made by laminating a web made of 0.0 to 5.0 denier thick fine staple fibers on a base fabric, and a web layer composed of the fine fine staple fibers is arranged on the filtration object collecting surface side. High performance filter cloth characterized in that it is
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The fiber constituting the base fabric used in the present invention is a conventionally known fiber for dust collection filter cloth, such as carbon fiber, metal fiber, glass fiber, and organic heat resistant fiber. Known organic heat-resistant fibers include meta-type aramid fibers, polyphenylenetriazole fibers, polyoxythiazole fibers, polyimide fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers, and the like. Here, the meta-type aramid is a polymer produced by the reaction of a meta-type aromatic diamine and a meta-type aromatic dicarboxylic acid or a copolymer thereof. The fiber preferably used is, for example, a fiber made of a polymer mainly composed of polymetaphenylene isophthalamide produced by a reaction between metaphenylenediamine and isophthalic acid dichloride. The base fabric may be a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a non-woven fabric, but is usually used in the form of a scrim.
[0007]
The short fiber constituting the felt is composed of an aramid fiber, preferably a meta-type aramid fiber, particularly preferably a polymer mainly composed of polymetaphenylene isophthalamide formed by the reaction of metaphenylenediamine and isophthalic acid dichloride as described above. Must be fiber. Other fibers, such as polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, polyolefin fiber, etc., have been collected for a long time after repeated dust collection and removal under severe conditions. Is not preferable because of drastically lowering.
[0008]
In the present invention, the felt is a felt in which at least two layers of webs having different finenesses are laminated and entangled, and the short fiber fineness of the web composed of short fine fibers is 0.5 to 0.8 denier. It is important that the short fiber fineness of the web composed of short fibers having a large fineness is in the range of 2.0 to 5.0 denier, preferably 2.0 to 4.0 denier. It is. If the fineness of the fine fibers is less than 0.5 denier, the initial dust collection performance is good. However, if the dust collection and the jet pulse are repeatedly used, the fibers will loosen and dust will fall inside the felt. This is not preferable because it easily enters and the dust collection performance is reduced due to clogging. On the other hand, when the density exceeds 0.8 denier, clogging due to dust is less likely to occur, but the efficiency of collecting fine dust is reduced, making it unsuitable as a filter cloth for dust collection. In addition, when the fineness of the thick fine fiber is less than 2.0 denier, the dust collection efficiency is improved, but the fiber caused by water vapor or acid gas contained in the exhaust gas due to the mechanical load acting during the entanglement treatment This is not preferable because the deterioration of the resin tends to progress, causing a problem in durability as a filter cloth. On the other hand, when the density exceeds 5.0 denier, the fine fine fibers are mixed into the web composed of the fine fine fibers by the entanglement treatment. In addition, each said web layer may be comprised with the some short fiber from which a fineness differs, as long as the fineness satisfies the above. An appropriate fiber length is 38 to 72 mm for any short fiber.
[0009]
In addition, if a web made by mixing short fibers of different fineness was used without laminating a web layer made of short fine fibers and a web layer made of thick fine fibers, the detailed reason for this is well understood. Although there is no variation in the pore distribution of the felt obtained, and the pore size is also increased, and the dust collecting performance is lowered (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
[0010]
In the present invention, if the ratio between the fineness of the fine fine fibers and the fineness of the thick fine fibers is too large, spotting spots and pin poles are likely to occur during the entanglement process, whereas if the ratio is too small, dust Since the collection efficiency tends to decrease, it is appropriate to be in the range of 1: 2 to 1: 8. Further, if the basis weight of the web layer made of short fine fibers is too small, the dust collecting performance is lowered, and if it is too large, the pressure loss becomes too large to be preferable for a dust collecting filter. 2 , preferably in the range of 200 to 300 g / m 2 , while the basis weight of the web layer composed of short fibers having a large fineness is 150 to 400 g / m 2 , preferably 200 to 200% from the viewpoint of the strength of the resulting felt layer. range of 300 g / m 2 are suitable. Moreover, 400 to 600 g / m 2 is suitable for the overall weight, and 1.5 to 2.2 mm is suitable for the overall thickness.
[0011]
The filter cloth of the present invention has a web layer made of short fine fibers on the collecting surface side of the object to be filtered (collected object) with the above-mentioned base cloth sandwiched, and a web layer made of short fine fibers on the opposite side. Laminating or laminating a web layer consisting of thick fine short fibers and a web layer consisting of fine fine short fibers in this order on one side of the base fabric (in this case, the collecting surface is opposite to the base fabric) Subsequently, it is obtained by forming a felt by performing an entanglement process by needle punching or the like from both the upper and lower surfaces.
[0012]
The filter cloth of the present invention thus obtained can be used as it is under high temperature and in a severe environment where water vapor and acidic gas exist, but at least selected from the group of silicon, aluminum and lithium on the aramid fiber surface. When a treatment agent composed of one kind of metal oxide and a fluororesin is coated, the deterioration of the fibers is suppressed and the durability of the filter cloth is improved, and the dust collection efficiency is improved and the particle size is improved. It is preferable because fine particles of 1 μm or less can be efficiently collected.
[0013]
Further, the surface of the filter cloth on the dust collecting surface side may be subjected to a surface smoothing treatment such as burning with a burner or calendering, and this is preferable because dust removal performance is improved.
[0014]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically by way of examples. In addition, the measurement of each performance in an Example followed the following method.
[0015]
<Tensile strength of filter cloth>
In accordance with JIS L 1096, the measurement was performed at a width of 50 mm and a gripping interval of 20 cm with the weft direction of the base fabric as the longitudinal direction.
[0016]
<Pressure loss and residual dust: dust collection efficiency>
Using a flat type filter cloth sample having an effective area of 30 cm × 30 cm, a sample powder (10 kinds of JIS standard dust) at a filtration rate of 2.0 m / min and a temperature of 150 ° C., a powder concentration of 5.0 g / m 3 As filtration. The collected powder was removed by a pulse jet using air with a gauge pressure of 3 kg / m 2 . The evaluation was performed by measuring the pressure loss of the filter cloth (pressure before and after the filter cloth) and the amount of residual dust (increase in the weight of the filter cloth) immediately after being wiped off 100 times.
[0017]
<Collection efficiency>
In the above evaluation, the dust concentrations n 1 and n 2 (g / m 3 ) before and after the filter cloth were measured using a dust densitometer and calculated from the following equation.
Collection rate (E) = (1−n 2 / n 1 ) × 100
[0018]
<Pore distribution: Bubble point method>
According to the method of ASTM F316-86, it measured using the porous material company make (PMI company make) palm porometer.
[0019]
[Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 6]
A scrim made of 10th-ply yarn made of meta-type aramid short fibers (manufactured by Teijin Ltd., Conex, short fiber fineness 2.0 denier x fiber length 51 mm) On both sides, webs A and B shown in Table 1 (the web on the collecting surface side is A) are laminated, needle punched to be integrated with the base fabric, and then the bulk density is about 0.3 g / cm 3. Then, a calendering process was performed, and then a side of the dust collecting surface was baked to obtain a filter cloth. The evaluation results of the obtained filter cloth are summarized in Table 1.
[0020]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004194668
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
The filter cloth of the present invention is formed by laminating a web layer made of fine fine aramid short fibers having a fineness in the above-mentioned range and a web layer made of thick fine short fibers, entangled with each other, and integrally formed on the base cloth. Therefore, it is excellent in dust collection performance, and even if repeated collection of dust collected by dust collection and jet pulses is repeated, clogging due to dust intrusion is unlikely to occur. The performance can be maintained, and it can be suitably used for a bag filter or the like for collecting fine particles in exhaust gas such as exhaust gas from a municipal waste incinerator and factory exhaust gas.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the fiber surface area and the amount of dust remaining in exhaust gas.
FIG. 2 is a pore distribution graph of various filter cloths measured by a bubble point method.

Claims (3)

基布にアラミド短繊維からなるフェルトが一体成形されてなる濾過布において、該フェルトは少なくとも0.5〜0.8デニールの細繊度短繊維からなるウエブ層と2.0〜5.0デニールの太繊度短繊維からなるウエブとを基布に積層交絡させたフェルトであり、かつ該細繊度短繊維から構成されるウエブ層が被濾過物捕集面側に配されていることを特徴とする高性能濾過布。In a filter cloth in which a felt made of short aramid fibers is integrally formed on a base cloth, the felt has a web layer made of short fine fibers having a fineness of at least 0.5 to 0.8 denier and 2.0 to 5.0 denier. It is a felt obtained by laminating and entangled with a web made of short fibers of large fineness on a base fabric, and a web layer composed of the short fibers of fine fineness is arranged on the filtration object collecting surface side High performance filter cloth. アラミドがポリメタフェニレンイソフタルアミドである請求項1記載の高性能濾過布。  The high-performance filter cloth according to claim 1, wherein the aramid is polymetaphenylene isophthalamide. 細繊度短繊維の繊度と太繊度短繊維の繊度との比が1:2〜1:8である請求項1記載の高性能濾過布。  The high-performance filter cloth according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the fineness of the fine fine fibers to the fineness of the thick fine fibers is 1: 2 to 1: 8.
JP13825096A 1996-05-31 1996-05-31 High performance filter cloth Expired - Lifetime JP4194668B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200164295A1 (en) * 2017-01-27 2020-05-28 Teijin Frontier Co., Ltd. Bag filter fabric and production method therefor

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4693509B2 (en) * 2005-06-06 2011-06-01 帝人テクノプロダクツ株式会社 Composite structure and manufacturing method thereof
EP3225294B1 (en) 2015-11-19 2020-10-28 Teijin Frontier Co., Ltd. Filtering fabric for bag filter, production method therefor and bag filter

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200164295A1 (en) * 2017-01-27 2020-05-28 Teijin Frontier Co., Ltd. Bag filter fabric and production method therefor

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