JP4182541B2 - Power generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention forms a magnetic field in a power generation channel for the flow of a conductive fluid, and a first conductive member and a second conductive member are arranged at intervals in the power generation channel to form the magnetic field. The conductive fluid is caused to flow through the generated power generation flow path, and the first conductive member and the second conductive member are short-circuited with the conductive fluid to short-circuit the first conductive member and the second conductive member. The present invention relates to a power generator that extracts an induced current from a conductive member.

  In this type of apparatus, for example, a pair of magnetic poles opposed to each other in a direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the conductive fluid, and the flow direction and the pair of magnetic poles in a power generation flow path for the flow of the conductive fluid A pair of electrodes that are opposed to each other in a direction orthogonal to the opposite direction is arranged. A current is taken out by the pair of electrodes by causing the conductive fluid to flow in such a power generation channel in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field lines generated between the pair of magnetic poles.

For example, in patent document 1, the said power generation flow path is formed in a part of flow path which circulates a conductive fluid. In this flow path, a rare gas to which a seed material such as Na or K that is easily ionized by heat and becomes highly conductive is added as a conductive fluid. The seed material added to the rare gas is ionized in a high temperature state where the rare gas is heated by a heat source arranged in the flow path, and becomes highly conductive. A noble gas in a high temperature state to which such a highly conductive seed material is added is continuously flowed to the power generation flow path by the circulation as a conductive fluid to generate power.
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 6-11183 (FIGS. 1 to 3)

  However, in the device of Patent Document 1, in the environment where the device is maintained at a high temperature for a long time as described above, generally, a fluid that is easily ionized has high reactivity, and therefore, in the flow path of the conductive fluid. It cannot be used as a conductive fluid because an inherently undesirable chemical reaction that easily damages the device is likely to occur. Therefore, in the apparatus of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, a rare gas is caused to flow in the flow path. As a result, the rare gas is difficult to ionize, so a seed material is required and the cost is increased.

  Also, in order to obtain the maximum amount of power by taking out the current in the entire area of the power generation flow path, magnetic poles and electrodes must be arranged over the entire area of the power generation flow path in the flow direction of the conductive fluid in the power generation flow path. The cost is high because it is not necessary. Further, when a permanent magnet is used as the magnetic pole, the magnetic field leaks out of the apparatus and adversely affects the surrounding electrical equipment. Therefore, the apparatus of Patent Document 1 requires a large-scale electromagnet, resulting in a high construction cost.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a power generation method and a power generation apparatus that can realize low-cost power generation that does not require a large-scale electrode or magnet and that does not require a seed material with low construction costs.

<First invention>
The power generation device of the present invention includes a power generation channel for the flow of a conductive fluid, magnetic field forming means for forming a magnetic field in the power generation channel, and a first conductive member disposed in the power generation channel with a space therebetween. And a second conductive member, and an ionized / dissociated conductive fluid is caused to flow through the power generation flow path in which the magnetic field is formed by the magnetic field forming means, and the first conductive member and the second conductive member are flown. A current is taken out by the first conductive member and the second conductive member by short-circuiting the member with the conductive fluid.

  In such a power generation device, as a feature of the configuration of the first invention, the first conductive member and the second conductive member are arranged to overlap each other in the flow direction of the conductive fluid in the power generation flow path. The conductive member is formed as a coil disposed in the power generation flow path, the coil is disposed so that the axis of the coil extends in the flow direction of the conductive fluid in the power generation flow path, and the second conductive member is The coil is formed of a conductive material that extends in the flow direction with a distance from the coil and is disposed in the power generation flow path. The first conductive member and the second conductive member are configured as an open circuit in which the downstream end portions thereof are electrically connected to each other and the upstream end portion is opened. The magnetic field forming means is a closed circuit that can be opened and closed by connecting a direct current power source to an outer coil provided in the axial direction on the outer periphery of the coil as the first conductive member in substantially the same range as the first conductive member. Is formed. When the DC power source generates a current in the closed circuit of the magnetic field forming means, the closed circuit forms a magnetic field in the power generation channel, and when the conductive fluid is sent to the power generation channel, the first The upstream end portions of the conductive member and the second conductive member are short-circuited with each other by the conductive fluid so that the open circuit by the first conductive member and the second conductive member becomes a closed circuit. An induced current is generated in the coil of the member, and the induced current is extracted at the downstream end.

  In this first invention, the outer coil as the magnetic field forming means is located on the outer periphery of the coil as the first conductive member and can be arranged so as not to contact the conductive fluid, and the coil can be burned out by the plasma current. A stable magnetic field is formed.

  In the first invention as described above, it is possible to perform pulsed power generation by causing the conductive fluid to flow as an intermittent flow accompanied by a shock wave obtained by detonation or the like.

  In the present invention, the coil as the first conductive member is formed as a multiple winding with the same diameter, and the number of multiple open circuits may be configured between the second conductive member. it can. In that case, for example, the multiple winding can be formed into a strip shape in which a plurality of wire members are arranged with an insulating material interposed therebetween, and this is wound into a coil shape to form a multiple winding.

<Second invention>
The second invention is suitable for pulsed power generation in which a conductive fluid flows as an intermittent flow by detonation or the like. In this second invention, as the magnetic field forming means, a DC power supply is connected to the coil as the first conductive member and the upstream end of the second conductive member without using the outer coil of the first invention. It is configured. That is, the magnetic field forming means is a closed circuit in which the upstream ends of the coil and the second conductive member are connected to each other via a DC power source and the downstream ends are connected to each other. The circuit is configured so that an initial current is previously generated in the closed circuit by the DC power source, and the closed circuit forms a magnetic field in the power generation flow path.

  In the second invention, the coil as the first conductive member is formed as multiple turns with the same diameter, and the number of multiple open circuits are formed with the second conductive member. .

  In such a second invention, when the conductive fluid is intermittently sent to the power generation flow path, the upstream ends of the first conductive member and the second conductive member are electrically conductive with each other. Short-circuited by a fluid, expanding the short-circuit range from the upstream end to the downstream end, and reducing the inductance of the coil and the second conductive member downstream from the short-circuit range, An induced current is generated in the coil, and the induced current is taken out at the downstream end.

The propagation surface of the conductive fluid is perpendicular to the flow direction, and this propagation surface short-circuits the coil as the first conductive member and the second conductive member, but if the coil is a single coil, the coil Therefore, an instantaneous short circuit is one place in the circumferential direction. This brings about a tendency that the power generation cannot be made uniform and the power generation amount also decreases. Therefore, in the second invention, the coils as the first conductive member are multi-turned, and all the coils are instantaneously short-circuited at positions shifted in the circumferential direction, and current is simultaneously obtained from these coils. Therefore, not only power generation is uniform in the circumferential direction, but the power generation amount increases even if the flow rate of the conductive fluid is the same. It is desirable that the above-mentioned short-circuiting positions are multi-winding by determining the coil interval so as to be equally spaced in the circumferential direction.

  The coil multiple winding as the first conductive member is obtained by, for example, forming a plurality of wire members in a strip shape arranged with an insulating material in the same manner as in the first invention, and winding this in a coil shape. be able to.

  As described above, in the first invention, the coil-shaped first conductive member disposed in the magnetic field and the second conductive member provided in the space in the first conductive member are arranged in the magnetic field. Since the coil as a means for generating a magnetic field is provided outside the first conductive member when the induced current is taken out by short-circuiting with the conductive fluid that circulates, the magnetic field forming means is a conductive fluid (plasma). Since no current is generated in the magnetic field forming means itself, the magnetic field is stabilized without being disturbed, and thus the amount of power generation is stabilized and the reliability is improved. In addition, the magnetic field forming means improves the durability without causing the problem of deterioration of the magnetic field forming means due to contact with the conductive fluid, and it is not necessary to use high quality materials that are difficult to deteriorate, so that the equipment cost and the maintenance cost are reduced. . Furthermore, since the magnetic field forming means can be provided in the external space separately from the first conductive member, there is no restriction on its installation, and the power generation amount is increased as a strong magnetic field by using a large outer coil, The size of the device per power generation can be reduced.

  In the second invention, the current is generated by flowing an initial current through a closed circuit including a coil-shaped first conductive member, a second conductive member, and a DC power source without using an outer coil. A magnetic field is formed in the path, the conductive fluid is intermittently sent to the power generation flow path, and the short-circuit range between the coil and the second conductive member that are spaced apart from each other is upstream in the flow direction of the combustion gas. By expanding toward the downstream and reducing the inductance of the coil and the second conductive member on the downstream side of the short-circuit range, an inductive current is generated in the coil, and when the induced current is taken out, the conductivity is reduced. Even if the fluid is hot, the device only receives heat intermittently for a short period of time, so there is no need to use a large amount of refractory, and equipment and repair costs are reduced. Further, since a large current can be obtained by generating an induced current in the coil, it is not necessary to provide magnetic poles and electrodes over the entire flow direction of the power generation flow path, and a large-scale electromagnet or the first invention Since a dedicated outer coil for generating a magnetic field is not necessary, construction costs can be reduced. In the second invention, in particular, the coil as the first conductive member is multi-turned, and as many open circuits as the number of multiples are configured with the second conductive member, and at the same time when a short circuit is caused by the conductive fluid. Since the above number of closed circuits are formed, a plurality of short-circuited portions are formed in the circumferential direction, the induction current is generated uniformly in the circumferential direction, and the number of currents is obtained as compared with a single coil. As a result, the power generation amount is improved and the size of the device per power generation amount is reduced.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the power generation apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a power generation flow path 11 is formed in the internal space of a tubular body 11A for the flow of a conductive fluid. In the power generation apparatus 10, a supply path 20 for supplying a conductive fluid to the power generation flow path 11 is formed in communication, and the conductive fluid flows from the supply apparatus (not shown) through the supply path 20. In the power generation channel 11, the coil 13 as the first conductive member and the second conductive member 14 overlap each other in the direction in which the axis 12 of the power generation channel 11 extends (the flow direction of the conductive fluid). It is arranged with.

  The coil 13 as the first conductive member extends so that the axis of the coil 13 coincides with the axis 12 of the power generation flow path 11 and is connected to the inner peripheral wall of the tube 11A of the power generation flow path 11 through the insulating material 15. Installed.

  The second conductive member 14 is formed of a rod-shaped conductive material disposed on the axis 12, and is disposed in the power generation flow path 11 with a radial distance from the coil 13. The second conductive member 14 is supported by an insulating material 15 via an attachment member 14A attached to the downstream end of the second conductive member 14. The attachment member 14A extends through the insulating material 15 to the outside.

  In the present embodiment, the second conductive member 14 has an area in a cross section perpendicular to the axis 12 from the upstream in the flow direction A of the conductive fluid in the power generation flow path 11 (hereinafter simply referred to as “upstream”). It gradually increases toward the downstream (hereinafter simply referred to as “downstream”). Therefore, the flow resistance of the second conductive member 14 with the conductive fluid sent from the supply path 20 toward the upstream end of the second conductive member 14 is reduced. In addition, when the conductive fluid flows at a high temperature in the present embodiment, the coil 13 and the second conductive member 14 as the first conductive member described above are hollow, and cooling such as water is provided in the hollow portion. It is preferable that the liquid is flowed to prevent overheating due to heat from the high-temperature conductive fluid.

  A capacitor 16 and an inverter 17 are connected to downstream ends (attachment members 14A) (right end in FIG. 1) of the coil 13 and the second conductive member 14, and a load (see FIG. (Not shown) can be connected.

  An outer coil 18 as magnetic field forming means is provided on the outer periphery of the tubular body 11A forming the power generation flow path 11 in substantially the same range as the coil 13 as the first conductive member in the direction of the axis 12. . The outer coil 18 is supported on the tubular body 11A by an insulating member (not shown). The outer coil 18 has an upstream end and a downstream end connected to each other via a DC power source 19. Thus, the outer coil 18 forms a closed circuit via the DC power source 19 and generates a magnetic field in the power generation flow path 11. On the other hand, the coil 13 as the first conductive member and the second conductive member 14 form an open circuit whose upstream end is open.

  In this embodiment, the conductive fluid is caused to flow to the power generation flow path 11 through the supply path 20 in a state where a magnetic field is generated in the power generation flow path 11 by the magnetic field forming means. By the conductive fluid, the coil 13 as the first conductive member and the second conductive member 14 are short-circuited to form a closed circuit, an induced current flows, and electric power is taken out from the inverter 17.

  The conductive fluid in the present embodiment may be a steady flow or an intermittent flow. In the latter case, it can be obtained as an ionization / dissociation fluid by detonation waves.

  When a detonation generator (not shown) is used to generate a conductive fluid, when detonation combustion gas flows from the detonator to the power generation channel 11, the power generation channel 11 is introduced from the upstream side. The combustion gas traveling toward the downstream causes a short circuit between the coil 13 and the second conductive member 14, and the short circuit range is because the downstream end of the combustion gas as the conductive fluid proceeds from upstream to downstream. The coil 13 and the second conductive member 14 are enlarged from the upstream end to the downstream end. As described above, since the short circuit range is expanded toward the downstream side, the inductance of the coil 13 and the second conductive member 14 is decreased on the downstream side of the short circuit range. Although an induced current is generated in the coil 13 so as to form the magnetic field, the inductance of the coil 13 is reduced, so that the induced current gradually increases.

  The capacitor 16 and the inverter 17 can convert a pulse current into an alternating current and supply it to the load (not shown).

  In addition, when the X-ray, electron beam, and inertial fusion generator is used as a load, the pulse current is directly extracted without providing the capacitor 16 and the inverter 17, and the pulse current is directly supplied to the generator. It may be.

  The first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 can be modified as shown in FIG. In FIG. 2A, parts common to those in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted. FIG. 2B shows an enlarged cross section of the first conductive member in FIG.

  The form of FIG. 2 (A) has a feature in that the coil 13 as the first conductive member is wound with the three coils 13A, 13B, 13C as a group and tripled with the same diameter. . These three coils 13A, 13B, and 13C are obtained by winding the three wire groups into a strip shape through the insulating material 21 and then winding them in a coil shape as seen in FIG. ing. At this time, it is preferable that the width X1 of the insulating material separating the three coils 13A, 13B, and 13C is substantially the same as the interval X2 with the winding of the next coil group. Each of the three coils 13A, 13B, and 13C has capacitors 16A, 16B, and 16C and inverters 17A, 17B, and 17C connected between the downstream end portion thereof and the second conductive member 14, respectively. Electric power can be obtained simultaneously from these three inverters 17A, 17B, and 17C.

  2, when the conductive fluid intermittently flows due to detonation flow or the like, the shock wave (propagation wave) in front of the conductive fluid travels in a plane perpendicular to the axis 12. Therefore, this surface can instantaneously be short-circuited with the second conductive member 14 only at one place in the circumferential direction with respect to one coil 13 as shown in FIG. This is a non-uniform short circuit state in the circumferential direction, and the current based on the short circuit caused by the shock wave that passes instantaneously becomes a small value. In the present embodiment, since there are three coils 13A, 13B, and 13C, they are short-circuited simultaneously at the three locations distributed in the circumferential direction at the same time, so the short-circuit at the tip of the conductive fluid is made uniform. The acquired current is tripled.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  3 is characterized in that an outer coil is not used as the magnetic field forming means in the apparatus of FIG.

  In the present embodiment, the magnetic field forming means is the upstream end of each of the coil 13 (13A, 13B, 13C) as the first conductive member and the second conductive member 14 (in FIG. 3). The left end) is connected to each other via a DC power source 19 (19A, 19B, 19C).

That is, the coil 13 (13A, 13B, 13C) as the first conductive member, the second conductive member 14, the DC power source 19 (19A, 19B, 19C), the capacitor 16 (16A, 16B, 16C), the inverter 17 (17A, 17B, 17C) form three parallel closed circuits, and constitute magnetic field forming means for forming a magnetic field in the power generation flow path 11 by the current flowing in each closed circuit. That is, in this closed circuit, when the combustion gas as the conductive fluid does not flow from the detonator generating device to the power generation passage 11, the DC power source 19 generates an initial current in the closed circuit, and the coil A magnetic field is formed from 13 to the power generation flow path 11. When the combustion gas flows from the detonator to the power generation channel 11, the coil 13 is moved by the combustion gas traveling from the upstream to the downstream in the power generation channel 11 as in the case of the device in FIG.
Between the coil 13 and the second conductive member 14, since the downstream end of the combustion gas as the conductive fluid proceeds from upstream to downstream in the short circuit range. Each is expanded from the upstream end to the downstream end. As described above, since the short circuit range is expanded toward the downstream side, the inductance of the coil 13 and the second conductive member 14 is decreased on the downstream side of the short circuit range. An induced current is generated in the coil 13 so as to form the magnetic field. However, since the inductance of the coil 13 is reduced, the induced current is increased beyond the initial current. Since the magnetic field of the coil 13 is increased due to the increase of the induced current, the induced current is further increased. Such an induced current is obtained at the downstream end as a pulse current.

  When using a detonator that burns with fuel and oxidant to generate a conductive fluid, detonation combustion gas is made to flow as a conductive fluid in the power generation channel, and then the combustion exhaust gas is sent to the power generation channel. Since the power generation flow passage inner wall can be cooled by introducing the refractory, it is not necessary to use a large amount of refractory, and the equipment cost and the repair cost are reduced.

It is sectional drawing which shows 1st embodiment apparatus of this invention. 1 shows a modified example of the apparatus, (A) is a sectional view thereof, (B) is an enlarged sectional view of a first conductive member. It is sectional drawing which shows 2nd embodiment apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Power generation apparatus 11 Power generation flow path 13 (13A, 13B, 13C) 1st electroconductive member 14 2nd electroconductive member 15 Insulation material 18 Outer coil 19 (19A, 19B, 19C) DC power supply

Claims (5)

  A power generation flow path for the flow of the conductive fluid; a magnetic field forming means for forming a magnetic field in the power generation flow path; and a first conductive member and a second conductive member disposed in the power generation flow path with an interval therebetween. A conductive fluid is caused to flow through the power generation flow path in which the magnetic field is formed by the magnetic field forming means, and the first conductive member and the second conductive member are short-circuited by the conductive fluid. In the power generation device for taking out current with the first conductive member and the second conductive member, the first conductive member and the second conductive member overlap each other in the flow direction of the conductive fluid in the power generation flow path. And the first conductive member is formed as a coil disposed in the power generation flow path, and the coil is disposed such that an axis of the coil extends in a flow direction of the conductive fluid in the power generation flow path. The second conductive member is spaced from the coil It is formed of a conductive material that extends in the flow direction and is disposed in the power generation flow path. The downstream end portions of the first conductive member and the second conductive member are electrically connected to each other, and the upstream end portion is opened. The magnetic field forming means is configured to connect a DC power source to an outer coil provided in the axial direction on the outer periphery of the coil as the first conductive member in the same range as the first conductive member. A closed circuit that can be opened and closed, and a current is generated in the closed circuit of the magnetic field forming means by the DC power source, the closed circuit forms a magnetic field in the power generation channel, and a conductive fluid is sent to the power generation channel. When the first conductive member and the second conductive member are connected, the upstream ends of the first conductive member and the second conductive member are short-circuited with each other by the conductive fluid to close the open circuit of the first conductive member and the second conductive member. Coiled with circuit, first conductive member coil Induction current is generated, the power generation apparatus characterized by being adapted to retrieve the induced current in the downstream end.   The coil as the first conductive member is formed as a multiple winding with the same diameter, and the number of multiple open circuits are configured between the second conductive member and the second conductive member. Power generation device.   The coil as the first conductive member is formed in a strip shape in which a plurality of wire members are arranged with an insulating material interposed therebetween, and is wound into a coil shape to form a multiple winding. Power generation device.   A power generation flow path for the flow of the conductive fluid; a magnetic field forming means for forming a magnetic field in the power generation flow path; and a first conductive member and a second conductive member disposed in the power generation flow path with an interval therebetween. A conductive fluid is caused to flow through the power generation flow path in which the magnetic field is formed by the magnetic field forming means, and the first conductive member and the second conductive member are short-circuited by the conductive fluid. The first and second conductive members extract current from the first conductive member and the second conductive member, wherein the first conductive member and the second conductive member overlap each other in the flow direction of the conductive fluid in the power generation flow path. The first conductive member is formed as a coil disposed in the power generation flow path, and the coil is disposed such that the axis of the coil extends in the flow direction of the conductive fluid in the power generation flow path. The second conductive member is spaced from the coil. The magnetic field forming means is connected to the upstream ends of the coil and the second conductive member through a DC power source. In addition, each downstream side end portion is configured as a closed circuit, and an initial current is generated in advance in the closed circuit by the DC power source so that the closed circuit generates a magnetic field in the power generation flow path. When the conductive fluid is sent to the power generation flow path, the upstream ends of the first conductive member and the second conductive member are short-circuited with each other by the conductive fluid, and this short circuit range Is expanded from the upstream end to the downstream end to reduce the inductance of the coil and the second conductive member on the downstream side of the short-circuit range, while generating an induced current in the coil, Above In the power generation device that is adapted to extract the induced current at the side end, the coil as the first conductive member is formed as a multiple winding with the same diameter, and the number of multiple open circuits are connected to the second conductive member. A power generation device comprising a member.   The coil as the first conductive member is formed in a strip shape in which a plurality of wire members are arranged with an insulating material interposed therebetween, and is wound into a coil shape to form a multiple winding. Power generation device.

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