JP4161395B2 - Fusarium spp. - Google Patents

Fusarium spp. Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4161395B2
JP4161395B2 JP00684398A JP684398A JP4161395B2 JP 4161395 B2 JP4161395 B2 JP 4161395B2 JP 00684398 A JP00684398 A JP 00684398A JP 684398 A JP684398 A JP 684398A JP 4161395 B2 JP4161395 B2 JP 4161395B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fusarium
preparation
viable
weight
cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP00684398A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH11209211A (en
Inventor
渡辺  哲
隆弘 川島
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kumiai Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Kumiai Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kumiai Chemical Industry Co Ltd filed Critical Kumiai Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority to JP00684398A priority Critical patent/JP4161395B2/en
Publication of JPH11209211A publication Critical patent/JPH11209211A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4161395B2 publication Critical patent/JP4161395B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、植物の病害を抑制するための非病原性フザリウム属菌生菌製剤に関し、特に農園芸において抵抗性誘導あるいは交叉防御法に用いられるフザリウム属菌の生菌体を含む固体製剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
土壌あるいは養液栽培液中には多くの伝染性病原菌が生息しており、植物の生育に多大な影響を与えている。これら病原菌防除の方法として、病原菌を熱や薬剤などで直接殺菌するのではなく、病原菌の活性を低下させたり、感染を阻止することによる生態的防除方法が注目されている。このうち病原菌の活性低下による防除方法としては、輪作、土壌理化学性の改善や有機物施用、拮抗微生物の導入等があげられるが、いずれも活性抵下や菌数減少といった消極的な効果しか得られない。
【0003】
感染を阻止する方法としては、特定の病原菌に抵抗性を示す抵抗品種の育成、誘導物質による抵抗性誘導あるいは異なった病原菌に同時に抵抗性を示す交叉防御法が知られている。例えば、トマト萎凋病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici)によるトマト萎凋病に対して、フザリウム・オキシスポラム・エフ・エスピー・ククメリナム(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum)の前接種による発病抑制効果が大きいことが報告されている〔山口健一、飯田 格 他:日植病夏期関東部会講演要旨 1993年〕。
【0004】
またカーネーションではフザリウム・ローゼアム“アベナセアム”(Fusarium roseumAvenaceum")による立枯病に対して、非病原性のフザリウム・ローゼアム(Fusarium roseum)が発病抑制効果を有するとの報告がある〔ベイカー、ハンキー、ドッテラー:ファイトバソロジー(BAKER, HANCHEY, DOTTARAR: Phytopathology)1978年〕。
【0005】
さらに、フザリウム・オキシスポラム・エフ・エスピー・バテイタス(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. batatas)によって起こるサツマイモつる割れ病に対して、サツマイモ導管部から分離した非病原性フザリウム・オキシスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)のさし芽切り口浸漬などの前接種が発病抑制効果が高いと報告されている〔小川 奎、駒田 旦:日植病報、50,1984年〕。
【0006】
しかしこれらのフザリウム菌を用いた微生物防除法は、1)液体培養した生菌をそのまま使用するため雑菌が混入して繁殖しやすい、2)フザリウム菌は振とう培養によって多くの芽胞が形成されるが、静置保管すると、芽胞は防除活性のない菌糸体に変化する、3)液状のため搬送が不便で、温度等の影響を受けやすく、一定の菌数を維持できない等の理由により大量生産が困難で、流通性に乏しい。
【0007】
そこでこれらの点を改善するために、非病原性フザリウム属菌をはじめとする農業有用微生物の安定化およびその製剤化の検討が行われている。例えばフザリウム菌に関しては、生菌体をゼオライト系基材に吸着させ、自然乾燥した製剤(特開昭63−227507号)、D−ソルビトールを主体とし、これに少量のグルタミン酸塩を添加した分散媒にフザリウム菌の生菌体を分散し、真空凍結乾燥させたフザリウム生菌製剤(特開昭63−227507号)、バーク炭に吸着させた資材(特開平3−112909号)およびキチン質含有物と菌を混合した資材(特開平6−24924号)および白土または炭酸カルシウムに菌を保持させた資材(特開平8−294385号)が知られている。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、フザリウム菌の生菌体をゼオライト系基材に吸着させた製剤は、クレー、タルク等に吸着させたものより菌の生存率が高いとされているが、室温で保存すると生存菌数が急速に減少する。またD−ソルビトールを主体とし、これに少量のグルタミン酸塩を添加した分散媒にフザリウムの生菌体を分散し、真空凍結乾燥させた製剤は、所定の菌数を維持するために冷蔵庫中に製剤を保管しなければならない。またバーク炭に吸着させた資材およびキチン質含有物と菌を混合した資材もフザリウム属菌の増殖により高活性を得ることを目的としており、室温での長期間の保存性には問題がある。また白土または炭酸カルシウムにフザリウム菌を保持させる製剤は、室温での長期保存性はあるものの、製剤を乾燥する際に2〜15℃という低温で乾燥するため、1〜7日間かかり製剤の完成までに時間がかかり過ぎるという欠点を有している。
【0009】
本発明の課題は、生菌体の生存率が高く、かつ室温で長期にわたって保存可能であるとともに耐熱性も高く、流通性に優れるフザリウム属菌生菌製剤を提供することである。
本発明の他の課題は、生菌体の生存率が高く、かつ室温で長期にわたって保存可能であって、耐熱性も高く流通性に優れるとともに、水に希釈して用いる際も、持続可能な高い懸垂性を有し、取り扱いに優れるフザリウム菌生菌製剤を提供することである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は次のフザリウム属菌生菌製剤である。
(1)フザリウム属菌の生菌体と、セピオライトおよびアタパルジャイトから選ばれる層−リボン構造を有する粘土鉱物とを含むフザリウム属菌生菌製剤。
(2)生菌体が芽胞を含むものである上記(1)記載のフザリウム属菌生菌製剤。
(3)増量剤、結合剤または界面活性剤をさらに含む上記(1)または(2)記載のフザリウム属菌生菌製剤。
【0011】
本発明のフザリウム属菌生菌製剤に用いるフザリウム属菌は、フザリウム(Fusarium)属に属する真菌であって、特に抵抗性誘導、あるいは交叉防御法に適した病原菌に対する防除性能を有するものが好ましい。
【0012】
このようなフザリウム属菌としては、例えばフザリウム オキシスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)、フザリウム モニリフォルメ(Fusarium moniliforme)、フザリウム ローゼアム(Fusarium roseum)、フザリウム ソラニ(Fusarium solani)、その他のフザリウム属に属する菌があげられる。
【0013】
製剤に用いる菌は生菌体であって、芽胞を主体とするものが好ましいが、厚膜胞子あるいは菌糸体が含まれていてもよい。フザリウム菌は液体培地を用いて振とう培養すると、芽胞を主体とする生菌体が得られる。本発明ではこのような芽胞を含む培養物全体をそのまま用いてもよく、また濾過、遠心分離等により培養液画分を除いた菌体部分を用いてもよい。
【0014】
フザリウム属菌の培養に用いる培地としては特に制限されず、フザリウム属菌を培養できるものであれば任意に選択できるが、液体培地が好ましく、例えばポテト−デキストロール培地、ポテト−スクロース培地、駒田培地、ツァペック−ドックス培地などが使用できる。これらの培地は所定濃度のものが好ましく、滅菌後フザリウム菌を接種し、25〜30℃の温度で1〜30日間振とう培養することにより芽胞濃度の高い培養物を得ることができる。
【0015】
本発明で用いる層−リボン構造の粘土鉱物は輝石に似た単鎖が複数本(例えば2〜3本)結合して四面体リボンを形成している粘土鉱物であり、セピオライトおよびアタパルジャイトから選ばれるものであるが、これらの変種も含まれる。これらの粘土鉱物は塊状、繊維状、紙状などの形状で産出し、そのままの形状で用いてもよいが、一般的には粉砕して粉粒径0.01〜100μm、好ましくは1〜50μmの粉末として用いるのが好ましい。
【0016】
本発明の生菌製剤はフザリウム属菌の生菌体と前記層−リボン構造の粘土鉱物との組成物からなるものであり、両成分は単に混合した組成物でもよいが、生菌体を含む液を粘土鉱物に吸着させて乾燥することにより、生菌体を粘土鉱物に固定したものが好ましい。生菌体を含む液としては、振とう培養による培養物、この培養物から分離した芽胞を含む生菌体を別の液に分散した、分散物などがあげられる。
【0017】
組成物中の生菌体の割合は乾重基準で1〜90重量%、好ましくは2〜80重量%、さらに好ましくは3〜70重量%、粘土鉱物の割合は乾重基準で10〜99重量%、好ましくは20〜98重量%、さらに好ましくは30〜97重量%である。組成物中の菌体濃度は、組成物中に芽胞10〜1×1010個−芽胞/g−組成物、好ましくは1×103〜1×109個−芽胞/g−組成物、さらに好ましくは1×105〜1×108個−芽胞/g−組成物とするのが好適である。
【0018】
本発明の生菌製剤は上記フザリウム属菌の生菌体および層−リボン構造の粘土鉱物のみからなるものでもよいが、適用する剤型に応じてこれらの成分のほかに、増量剤、結合剤、界面活性剤等の他の成分を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤はフザリウム菌に対して無害であるか、あるいはほとんど影響を及ぼさないものが好ましい。
例えば本発明の生菌製剤を粉剤、粒剤などとして用いる場合、生菌製剤を希釈して生菌濃度を低くする方が施用が容易になるので、増量剤を添加することができる。
【0019】
増量剤としては水溶性増量剤あるいは非水溶性増量剤を用いることができ、これらを組合せて用いることもできる。水溶性増量剤としては、例えば硫酸アンモニウム、重炭酸アンモニウム、硝酸アンモニウム、塩化アンモニウム、塩化カリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、硫酸マグネシウム、クエン酸ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム等の有機または無機酸塩類;クエン酸、コハク酸等の有機酸塩類;ショ糖、ラクトース等の糖類;尿素などをあげることができる。また非水溶性増量剤は一般的に鉱物質微粉末が用いられ、例えばクレー類、炭酸カルシウム、タルク、天然珪藻土、合成珪藻土、ベントナイト、ホワイトカーボンなどをあげることができる。これらの増量剤の組成物中の割合は乾重基準で0〜80重量%、好ましくは5〜60重量%とすることができる。
【0020】
また本発明の生菌製剤を粒剤または粒状の水和剤などとするときには結合剤を配合するのが好ましい。
結合剤は農薬粒状組成物に一般的に用いられるもので、水溶性のものが好ましい。例えばカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム塩、デキストリン、水溶性デンプン、キサンタンガム、グアシードガム、ショ糖、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコールなどをあげることができる。これらの結合剤の組成物中の割合は乾重基準で0〜10重量%、好ましくは0.01〜5重量%、さらに好ましくは0.1〜5重量%とすることができる。
【0021】
本発明の生菌製剤を水和剤あるいは粒状水和剤の形態とする場合には、水への分散を良好にするために、界面活性剤を用いることができる。界面活性剤としては、例えばポリエチレングリコール高級脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアリールエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアリルフェニルエーテル、ソルビタンモノアルキレート等のノニオン性界面活性剤;アルキルアリールスルホン酸塩、ジアルキルスルホン酸塩、リグニンスルホン酸塩、ナフタレンスルホン酸塩およびその縮合物、アルキル硫酸エステル塩、アルキル燐酸エステル塩、アルキルアリール硫酸エステル塩、アルキルアリール燐酸エステル塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸エステル塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアリールエーテル硫酸エステル塩、ポリオキシエチレンアリルフェニルエーテル燐酸塩、ポリカルボン酸型高分子活性剤等のアニオン性界面活性剤などをあげることができる。これらの界面活性剤は単独で、あるいは2種類以上を混合して用いることができる。これらの界面活性剤の組成物中の割合は乾重基準で0〜30重量%、好ましくは0.1〜20重量%、さらに好ましくは1〜10重量%とすることができる。
【0022】
本発明のフザリウム属菌生菌製剤は耐熱性を有するため、室温以上の温度で乾燥することができる。従って、従来のフザリウム属菌生菌製剤に比べ、短時間で製剤を乾燥することができ、工業的にも有利である。乾燥温度は通常2〜70℃、好ましくは15〜60℃、さらに好ましくは25〜50℃である。乾燥時間は0.1時間〜24時間、好ましくは0.2時間〜12時間、さらに好ましくは0.5時間〜6時間であり、このときの製剤の最終水分含量は1〜30重量%、好ましくは2〜20重量%、さらに好ましくは5〜15重量%である。
【0023】
本発明のフザリウム属菌生菌製剤は、フザリウム属菌の生菌体を層−リボン構造を有する粘土鉱物と配合することにより製造される。この場合フザリウム属菌培養物、あるいはそれを遠心分離や濾過することにより得た芽胞成分の液を、粘土鉱物と均一に混合後、乾燥して製造するのが好ましい。乾燥の際、粉末が凝集して固まる場合は粉砕することができる。
増量剤その他の添加剤は上記の組成物が得られたのち配合してもよいが、予め粘土鉱物と混合した状態で培養物または分離した菌体を含む液と混合して乾燥させるのが好ましい。
【0024】
本発明の生菌製剤を水和剤とする場合は、上記の方法で得たフザリウム属菌を含有する粉末と界面活性剤を混合して得るか、あるいは予めフザリウム属菌培養物、あるいはそれを遠心分離や濾過することにより得た芽胞成分と界面活性剤を混合した液を、粘土鉱物および必要に応じて増量剤を配合した粉末と均一に混合後、乾燥して製造することができる。乾燥の際、粉末が凝集して固まる場合は粉砕することができる。
【0025】
本発明の生菌剤を粒剤とする場合は、上記で得た生菌体および粘土鉱物の組成物とを配合し、また粒状水和剤とする場合は、上記の組成物と界面活性剤、および必要に応じて結合剤を配合し、攪拌造粒、転動造粒、流動層造粒、練り押し造粒後乾燥するか、あるいは予めフザリウム属菌培養物、あるいはそれを遠心分離や濾過することにより得た芽胞成分と界面活性剤を混合した液と粘土鉱物および必要に応じて増量剤、結合剤等を配合し、同様の方法で造粒後乾燥し製造することができる。
【0026】
こうして得られた本発明のフザリウム属菌生菌製剤は、粉剤または粒剤の場合、水に希釈しないでそのまま、発芽前の種子や塊茎またはさし芽切り口等を直接処理し、あるいは土壌等に直接施用する。これにより接種されたフザリウム属菌が増殖し、病原菌の増殖を抑制し、発病を防止することができる。水和剤または粒状水和剤の場合は、上記により得た生菌製剤を水に希釈して散布するか、あるいは種子等を直接処理して使用することにより、同様の防除効果を得ることができる。
【0027】
上記のように調製されたフザリウム属菌生菌製剤は固体状態であって、室温で製造、乾燥ができ、また長期間保存し、流通させることが可能であり、保存流通後においても初期の効能を維持する。また水和剤または粒状水和剤は使用場面においては、直接または水に希釈して施用できるなど、取扱が簡便であり、懸垂分散性に優れているため、一般農薬と同様の簡単な用法で十分な防除効果が得られる。
【0028】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明の実施例について説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例によって何ら制限されるものではない。
実施例では、東京大学応用微生物研究所保存菌株で標準菌株であるフザリウムオキシスポラム(Fusarium oxysporum)IAM−5009、農林水産省生物資源研究所保存菌株フザリウム モニリフォルメ(Fusarium moniliforme)MAF−235463および非病原性フザリウム スピシーズ(Fusarium sp.)KF−0270を試験菌として用いた。
【0029】
実施例1
ポテト−デキストロース培地(ディフコ社製)300mlを100mlずつ3本に分注し、滅菌後それぞれにIAM−5009株、MAF−235463株およびKF−0270株を接種して、27℃で3日間振盪培養し、芽胞が主体である菌体を得た。これらをそれぞれ濾過による集菌後、菌体を10mlの水に懸濁し、それぞれにアタパルジャイト(水分含量約3重量%)を10gずつ加えてよく混合し、40℃で50分間乾燥し破砕した。このときの各製剤の水分含量は6重量%±0.5重量%であった。これらの操作によりフザリウムIAM−5009株製剤10.9g、MAF−235463株製剤10.9gおよびKF−0270株製剤10.8gを得た。
【0030】
実施例2
実施例1と同様にポテト−デキストロース培地で培養し、芽胞が主体である菌体を得た。集菌後、菌体を10mlの水に懸濁し、それぞれにセピオライト(水分含量約3重量%)を10gずつ加えてよく混合し、40℃で50分間乾燥し破砕した。このときの各製剤の水分含量は6重量%±0.4重量%であった。これらの操作によりフザリウムIAM−5009株製剤10.9g、MAF−235463株製剤10.8gおよびKF−0270株製剤10.9gを得た。
【0031】
実施例3
実施例1と同様にポテト−デキストロース培地で培養し、芽胞が主体である菌体を得た。集菌後、菌体を10mlの水に懸濁し、トキサノンGR−31A(ポリカルボン酸高分子界面活性剤:三洋化成工業社製)を1gずつ加えて混合し、それぞれにアタパルジャイト(水分含量約3重量%)を8.8g、結合剤としてシペリナート0.1g、ポリビニルピロリドン0.1gずつ加えてよく混合し、40℃で50分間乾燥し破砕した。このときの各製剤の水分含量は6重量%±0.6重量%であった。これらの操作により、水懸垂性のあるフザリウムIAM−5009株製剤11.0g、MAF−235463株製剤10.9gおよびKF−0270株製剤11.1gを得た。
【0032】
実施例4
実施例1と同様にポテト−デキストロース培地で培養し、芽胞が主体である菌体を得た。集菌後、菌体を10mlの水に懸濁し、トキサノンGR−31A(ポリカルボン酸高分子界面活性剤:三洋化成工業社製)を1gずつ加えて混合し、それぞれにセピオライト(水分含量約3重量%)を8.8g、結合剤としてシペリナート0.1g、ポリビニルピロリドン0.1gずつ加えてよく混合し、40℃で50分間乾燥し破砕した。このときの各製剤の水分含量は6重量%±0.3重量%であった。これらの操作により、水懸垂性のあるフザリウムIAM−5009株製剤10.8g、MAF−235463株製剤10.9gおよびKF−0270株製剤11.0gを得た。
【0033】
比較例1
実施例1と同様にポテト−デキストロース培地で培養し、芽胞が主体である菌体を得た。集菌後、菌体を10mlの水に懸濁し、それぞれにゼオライト(水分含量約3重量%)を10gずつ加えてよく混合し、27℃で1晩乾燥して破砕した。このときの各製剤の水分含量は8重量%±0.3重量%前後であった。これらの操作によりフザリウムIAM−5009株製剤10.9g、MAF−235463株製剤10.8gおよびKF−0270株製剤10.9gを得た。
【0034】
比較例2
実施例1と同様にポテト−デキストロース培地で培養し、芽胞が主体である菌体を得た。集菌後、菌体を10mlの水に懸濁し、トキサノンGR−31A(ポリカルボン酸高分子界面活性剤:三洋化成工業社製)を1gずつ加えて混合し、それぞれにゼオライト(水分含量約3重量%)を8.8g、シペリナート0.1g、ポリビニルピロリドン0.1gずつ加えてよく混合し、27℃で1晩乾燥して破砕した。このときの各製剤の水分含量は8重量%±0.4重量%前後であった。これらの操作により水懸垂性のあるフザリウムIAM−5009株製剤11.0g、MAF−235463株製剤10.9gおよびKF−0270株製剤11.1gを得た。
【0035】
試験例1 フザリウム生菌粉剤の保存性(1)
実施例1〜4、比較例1〜2で調製した製剤を室温(温度20〜35℃)に放置し、製剤調製直後から6ヶ月間、1ヶ月毎に製剤1g当たりに生存している菌数を希釈平板法にて調査した。結果を図1ないし図3に示す。その結果、実施例1〜4のものは比較例1〜2のものに比べて室温保存にもかかわらず、いずれの製剤も菌の生存率が高く、また殆ど菌の減少は観察されず、長期保存性が高いことがわかる。
【0036】
試験例2 フザリウム生菌粉剤の保存性(2)
実施例1〜4、比較例1〜2で調製した製剤を室温(温度20〜35℃)、50℃および70℃に24時間放置した後、製剤1g当たりに生存している菌数を希釈平板法にて調査した。その結果、表1に示した通り、実施例1〜4の製剤は比較例1〜2のものに比べていずれも高い耐熱性を有し、保存性が高いことがわかる。
【0037】
【表1】

Figure 0004161395
【0038】
試験例3 フザリウム生菌水和性製剤の懸垂性
100ml計量用のメスシリンダーに水を100ml入れ、そこに実施例3〜4、比較例2で調製した製剤を0.1g懸濁させた。懸濁直後と24時間後にメスシリンダーの中央部から懸濁水を採取し、1ml中に生存しているフザリウム菌について希釈平板法にて調査した。その結果、表2に示した通り、実施例3〜4の製剤は比較例のものに比べていずれも、高い懸垂性が持続することがわかる。
【0039】
【表2】
Figure 0004161395
【0040】
【発明の効果】
本発明のフザリウム属菌生菌製剤は、フザリウム属菌の生菌体と、セピオライトおよびアタパルジャイトから選ばれる層−リボン構造を有する粘土鉱物を含むため、生菌体の生存率が高く、室温での長期保存性および耐熱性も高く、流通性に優れたフザリウム菌生菌製剤が得られる。本発明のフザリウム菌生菌製剤は、界面活性剤等を含むことにより、懸垂性に優れ、簡単な操作で水で希釈し施用して、優れた防除効果を得ることができるフザリウム菌生菌製剤が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例におけるIAM−5009株の保存性の試験結果を示すグラフである。
【図2】実施例におけるMAF235463株の保存性の試験結果を示すグラフである。
【図3】実施例におけるKF−0270株の保存性の試験結果を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a non-pathogenic Fusarium genus viable preparation for suppressing plant diseases, and more particularly to a solid preparation containing viable Fusarium genus used in resistance induction or cross-protection methods in agriculture and horticulture.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Many infectious pathogens inhabit in soil or hydroponic culture solution and have a great influence on the growth of plants. As a method for controlling these pathogens, an ecological control method by reducing the activity of pathogens or preventing infections is attracting attention, instead of directly sterilizing pathogens with heat or drugs. Among these, the control methods by reducing the activity of pathogenic bacteria include rotation, improvement of soil physicochemical properties, application of organic matter, introduction of antagonistic microorganisms, etc., but all of them have only negative effects such as active resistance and reduction of the number of bacteria. Absent.
[0003]
Known methods for preventing infection include breeding of resistance varieties that are resistant to specific pathogens, induction of resistance by inducers, or cross-protection methods that are simultaneously resistant to different pathogens. For example, tomato wilt fungus against tomato wilt by (Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Lycopersici ), Fusarium oxysporum F. sp-Kukumerinamu (Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Cucumerinum ) of that disease suppressing effect is large due prior to inoculation [Kenichi Yamaguchi, Satoshi Iida et al .: Summary of Lectures in the Summer Kanto Division of Nikkatsu Disease 1993].
[0004]
In addition, in carnations, it has been reported that non-pathogenic Fusarium roseum has an inhibitory effect against blight caused by Fusarium roseumAvenaceum ” [Baker, Hanky Doteller: BAKER, HANCHEY, DOTTARAR: Phytopathology (1978).
[0005]
Furthermore, Fusarium oxysporum F. sp-Bateitasu (Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Batatas ) against sweet potato vine cracking disease caused by, cuttings nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolated from sweet potato conduit portion (Fusarium oxysporum) It has been reported that pre-inoculation such as soaking at the cut end has a high disease-suppressing effect [Akira Ogawa, Dan Komata: Nikki Disease Report, 50, 1984]
[0006]
However, these microbial control methods using Fusarium bacteria are 1) easy to propagate because of the use of live-cultured liquid bacteria as they are, and 2) many spores are formed by shaking culture of Fusarium bacteria. However, when stored at rest, spores change to mycelium with no control activity. 3) Mass production due to the inconvenience of transport due to the liquid state, being susceptible to temperature, etc., and being unable to maintain a certain number of bacteria. Is difficult to distribute.
[0007]
Therefore, in order to improve these points, stabilization of agro-useful microorganisms including non-pathogenic Fusarium spp. For example, for Fusarium bacteria, a dispersion medium in which viable cells are adsorbed on a zeolite-based substrate and dried naturally (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-227507), mainly D-sorbitol and a small amount of glutamate added thereto. Viable Fusarium fungus preparation (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-227507), materials adsorbed on Burke charcoal (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-112909) and chitinous material A material in which a bacterium is mixed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-24924) and a material in which a bacterium is retained in clay or calcium carbonate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-294385) are known.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, preparations in which viable cells of Fusarium are adsorbed on a zeolite-based substrate are said to have a higher survival rate than those adsorbed on clay, talc, etc. Decreases rapidly. In addition, a preparation in which viable Fusarium cells are dispersed in a dispersion medium mainly composed of D-sorbitol and a small amount of glutamate added thereto and then freeze-dried in vacuo is prepared in a refrigerator in order to maintain a predetermined number of bacteria. Must be kept. Further, materials adsorbed on bark charcoal and materials mixed with chitinous substances and bacteria are also intended to obtain high activity by the growth of Fusarium spp., And there is a problem with long-term storage at room temperature. In addition, preparations that hold Fusarium bacteria in clay or calcium carbonate have long-term storage stability at room temperature, but when they are dried, they dry at a low temperature of 2 to 15 ° C., so it takes 1 to 7 days to complete the preparation. Has the disadvantage of taking too much time.
[0009]
An object of the present invention is to provide a viable Fusarium bacterium preparation which has a high viability of viable cells, can be stored at room temperature for a long period of time, has high heat resistance, and is excellent in distribution.
Another problem of the present invention is that the viability of viable cells is high and can be stored at room temperature for a long period of time, has high heat resistance and excellent flowability, and is also sustainable when diluted in water. The object is to provide a viable Fusarium fungus preparation having high suspension properties and excellent handling.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is the following viable preparation of Fusarium spp.
(1) A Fusarium fungus preparation containing viable cells of Fusarium spp. And a clay mineral having a layer-ribbon structure selected from sepiolite and attapulgite .
(2) The Fusarium genus bacterium preparation according to (1) above, wherein the microbial cell contains spores.
(3) The Fusarium bacterium viable preparation according to (1) or (2) , further comprising a bulking agent, a binder or a surfactant.
[0011]
The Fusarium genus used in the Fusarium genus viable preparation of the present invention is a fungus belonging to the genus Fusarium , and in particular, those having the ability to control pathogens suitable for resistance induction or cross-protection methods are preferable.
[0012]
Examples of such Fusarium spp. Include Fusarium oxysporum , Fusarium moniliforme , Fusarium roseum , Fusarium solani, and other fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium.
[0013]
Bacteria used for the preparation are viable cells, and those mainly composed of spores are preferable, but thick spore or mycelium may be contained. When Fusarium bacteria are cultured with shaking in a liquid medium, viable cells mainly composed of spores are obtained. In the present invention, the whole culture containing such spores may be used as it is, or a bacterial cell portion from which the culture solution fraction has been removed by filtration, centrifugation or the like may be used.
[0014]
The medium used for culturing the Fusarium bacterium is not particularly limited and can be arbitrarily selected as long as it can cultivate the Fusarium bacterium. However, a liquid medium is preferable, for example, a potato-dextrol medium, a potato-sucrose medium, a Komada medium. Czapec-Docx medium can be used. These media preferably have a predetermined concentration. After sterilization, a culture with a high spore concentration can be obtained by inoculating Fusarium bacteria and shaking culture at a temperature of 25 to 30 ° C. for 1 to 30 days.
[0015]
The layer-ribbon structure clay mineral used in the present invention is a clay mineral in which a plurality of single chains similar to pyroxene (for example, 2-3) are combined to form a tetrahedral ribbon, and is selected from sepiolite and attapulgite. it is intended, but Ru also includes these variants. These clay minerals are yielded in the form of lumps, fibers, paper-like, may be used as it is shaped, generally particulate size 0.01~100μm by grinding, preferably 1 It is preferably used as a powder of ˜50 μm.
[0016]
The viable cell preparation of the present invention comprises a composition of viable cells of the genus Fusarium and the clay mineral of the layer-ribbon structure, and both components may be simply mixed compositions, but contain viable cells. What fixed the living microbial cell to the clay mineral by making a liquid adsorb | suck to a clay mineral and drying is preferable. Examples of the liquid containing viable cells include a culture obtained by shaking culture, and a dispersion in which viable cells containing spores separated from the culture are dispersed in another liquid.
[0017]
The proportion of viable cells in the composition is 1 to 90% by weight based on dry weight, preferably 2 to 80% by weight, more preferably 3 to 70% by weight, and the proportion of clay mineral is 10 to 99% by weight based on dry weight. %, Preferably 20 to 98% by weight, more preferably 30 to 97% by weight. The bacterial cell concentration in the composition is 10 to 1 × 10 10 spores / g-composition in the composition, preferably 1 × 10 3 to 1 × 10 9 spores / g-composition, The composition is preferably 1 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 8 spores / g-composition.
[0018]
The viable cell preparation of the present invention may be composed of only viable cells of the above-mentioned Fusarium genus and a clay mineral having a layer-ribbon structure, but in addition to these components, an extender and a binder depending on the dosage form to be applied Other components such as a surfactant may be included. These additives are preferably harmless to Fusarium or have little effect.
For example, when the viable preparation of the present invention is used as a powder, granule or the like, application can be facilitated by diluting the viable preparation to reduce the viable cell concentration, and therefore, an extender can be added.
[0019]
As a bulking agent, a water-soluble bulking agent or a water-insoluble bulking agent can be used, and these can be used in combination. Examples of the water-soluble extender include organic or inorganic acid salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium citrate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate; citric acid, succinate Examples thereof include organic acid salts such as acids; sugars such as sucrose and lactose; urea and the like. Mineral fine powder is generally used as the water-insoluble extender, and examples thereof include clays, calcium carbonate, talc, natural diatomaceous earth, synthetic diatomaceous earth, bentonite, and white carbon. The proportion of these extenders in the composition can be 0 to 80% by weight, preferably 5 to 60% by weight, based on dry weight.
[0020]
In addition, when the viable preparation of the present invention is used as a granule or a granular wettable powder, it is preferable to add a binder.
The binder is generally used for agrochemical granular compositions, and is preferably water-soluble. Examples thereof include carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, dextrin, water-soluble starch, xanthan gum, guar seed gum, sucrose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol and the like. The proportion of these binders in the composition can be 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the dry weight.
[0021]
In the case where the viable preparation of the present invention is in the form of a wettable powder or a granular wettable powder, a surfactant can be used in order to improve dispersion in water. Examples of surfactants include nonionic surfactants such as polyethylene glycol higher fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene allyl phenyl ethers, sorbitan monoalkylates, and alkylaryl sulfonates. , Dialkyl sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates and their condensates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl phosphates, alkylaryl sulfates, alkylaryl phosphates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates , Anions such as polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene allyl phenyl ether phosphate, polycarboxylic acid type polymer activator Surface active agents, and the like. These surfactants can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. The ratio of these surfactants in the composition can be 0 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 10% by weight based on the dry weight.
[0022]
Since the Fusarium spp. Preparation of the present invention has heat resistance, it can be dried at a temperature of room temperature or higher. Therefore, the preparation can be dried in a short time as compared with the conventional preparation of Fusarium spp., Which is industrially advantageous. The drying temperature is usually 2 to 70 ° C, preferably 15 to 60 ° C, more preferably 25 to 50 ° C. The drying time is 0.1 to 24 hours, preferably 0.2 to 12 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 6 hours, and the final moisture content of the preparation at this time is preferably 1 to 30% by weight, preferably Is 2 to 20% by weight, more preferably 5 to 15% by weight.
[0023]
The Fusarium bacterium viable preparation of the present invention is produced by blending Fusarium genus viable cells with a clay mineral having a layer-ribbon structure. In this case, it is preferable to produce a Fusarium bacterium culture, or a spore component liquid obtained by centrifuging or filtering it, and then uniformly mixing with clay mineral and then drying. When the powder aggregates and hardens during drying, it can be pulverized.
The bulking agent and other additives may be blended after the above composition is obtained, but it is preferable to mix and dry the culture or the liquid containing the separated cells in advance in a state of being mixed with the clay mineral. .
[0024]
When the viable preparation of the present invention is used as a wettable powder, it is obtained by mixing the powder containing the Fusarium bacterium obtained by the above method and a surfactant, or in advance, a Fusarium bacterium culture, or A liquid in which a spore component obtained by centrifugation or filtration and a surfactant are mixed can be uniformly mixed with a powder containing a clay mineral and, if necessary, a filler, and then dried. When the powder aggregates and hardens during drying, it can be pulverized.
[0025]
When the viable agent of the present invention is used as a granule, the viable cell body and clay mineral composition obtained above are blended, and when it is used as a granular wettable powder, the above composition and a surfactant. , And if necessary, a binder is added and stirred granulation, tumbling granulation, fluidized bed granulation, kneading press granulation and then drying, or pre-fusarium culture, or centrifugation or filtration A mixture of a spore component and a surfactant obtained by mixing with a clay mineral and, if necessary, a filler, a binder, and the like can be blended and granulated and dried by the same method.
[0026]
In the case of a powder or granule, the Fusarium genus viable preparation of the present invention thus obtained is directly treated with seeds, tubers or cuttings before germination without being diluted in water, or on soil or the like. Apply directly. As a result, the inoculated Fusarium spp. Can grow, suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and prevent disease. In the case of wettable powders or granular wettable powders, the same control effect can be obtained by diluting and spraying the viable bacterial preparation obtained in the above or by directly treating seeds etc. it can.
[0027]
The Fusarium bacterium preparation prepared as described above is in a solid state, can be produced and dried at room temperature, and can be stored and distributed for a long period of time. To maintain. In addition, wettable powders or granular wettable powders can be applied directly or diluted in water and are easy to handle and have excellent suspension dispersibility. A sufficient control effect is obtained.
[0028]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
In Examples, Fusarium oxysporum IAM-5009, a standard strain of the University of Tokyo Institute of Applied Microbiology, Fusarium moniliforme MAF-235463 and non-pathogenic Sex Fusarium sp. KF-0270 was used as a test bacterium.
[0029]
Example 1
Dispense 300 ml of potato-dextrose medium (manufactured by Difco) into three 100 ml portions, and after sterilization, inoculate each with IAM-5509 strain, MAF-235463 strain and KF-0270 strain, and shake culture at 27 ° C. for 3 days As a result, bacterial cells mainly composed of spores were obtained. After collecting the cells by filtration, the cells were suspended in 10 ml of water, 10 g of attapulgite (water content of about 3% by weight) was added to each, mixed well, dried at 40 ° C. for 50 minutes and crushed. The water content of each preparation at this time was 6% by weight ± 0.5% by weight. By these operations, 10.9 g of Fusarium IAM-5009 strain preparation, 10.9 g of MAF-235463 strain preparation and 10.8 g of KF-0270 strain preparation were obtained.
[0030]
Example 2
In the same manner as in Example 1, the cells were cultured in a potato-dextrose medium to obtain bacterial cells mainly composed of spores. After collecting the cells, the cells were suspended in 10 ml of water, 10 g of sepiolite (water content of about 3% by weight) was added to each well, mixed well, dried at 40 ° C. for 50 minutes and crushed. The water content of each preparation at this time was 6% by weight ± 0.4% by weight. By these operations, 10.9 g of Fusarium IAM-5209 strain preparation, 10.8 g of MAF-235463 strain preparation and 10.9 g of KF-0270 strain preparation were obtained.
[0031]
Example 3
In the same manner as in Example 1, the cells were cultured in a potato-dextrose medium to obtain bacterial cells mainly composed of spores. After collection, the cells are suspended in 10 ml of water, 1 g of Toxanone GR-31A (polycarboxylic acid polymer surfactant: manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is added and mixed, and attapulgite (water content of about 3) is added to each. 8.8 g of weight%), 0.1 g of cyperinate as a binder, and 0.1 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone were added and mixed well, dried at 40 ° C. for 50 minutes and crushed. The water content of each preparation at this time was 6% by weight ± 0.6% by weight. By these operations, 11.0 g of Fusarium IAM-5209 strain preparation, 10.9 g of MAF-235463 strain preparation and 11.1 g of KF-0270 strain preparation were obtained.
[0032]
Example 4
In the same manner as in Example 1, the cells were cultured in a potato-dextrose medium to obtain bacterial cells mainly composed of spores. After collection, the cells are suspended in 10 ml of water, 1 g of Toxanone GR-31A (polycarboxylic acid polymer surfactant: manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is added and mixed, and sepiolite (water content of about 3) is added to each. 8.8 g of weight%), 0.1 g of cyperinate as a binder, and 0.1 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone were added and mixed well, dried at 40 ° C. for 50 minutes and crushed. The water content of each preparation at this time was 6% by weight ± 0.3% by weight. By these operations, 10.8 g of Fusarium IAM-5209 strain preparation, 10.9 g of MAF-235463 strain preparation, and 11.0 g of KF-0270 strain preparation were obtained.
[0033]
Comparative Example 1
In the same manner as in Example 1, the cells were cultured in a potato-dextrose medium to obtain bacterial cells mainly composed of spores. After collection of the cells, the cells were suspended in 10 ml of water, 10 g of zeolite (water content of about 3% by weight) was added to each, mixed well, dried at 27 ° C. overnight and crushed. At this time, the water content of each preparation was around 8% by weight ± 0.3% by weight. By these operations, 10.9 g of Fusarium IAM-5209 strain preparation, 10.8 g of MAF-235463 strain preparation and 10.9 g of KF-0270 strain preparation were obtained.
[0034]
Comparative Example 2
In the same manner as in Example 1, the cells were cultured in a potato-dextrose medium to obtain bacterial cells mainly composed of spores. After collection, the cells are suspended in 10 ml of water, 1 g of Toxanone GR-31A (polycarboxylic acid polymer surfactant: manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is added and mixed, and zeolite (water content of about 3) is added to each. 8.8 g, 0.1 g of cyperinate, and 0.1 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone were added and mixed well, dried at 27 ° C. overnight and crushed. The water content of each preparation at this time was about 8% by weight ± 0.4% by weight. By these operations, 11.0 g of Fusarium IAM-5209 strain preparation, 10.9 g of MAF-235463 strain preparation and 11.1 g of KF-0270 strain preparation were obtained.
[0035]
Test Example 1 Preservability of Fusarium live fungus powder (1)
The preparations prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were allowed to stand at room temperature (temperature 20 to 35 ° C.), and the number of bacteria alive per 1 g of preparation per month for 6 months immediately after preparation of the preparation. Was investigated by the dilution plate method. The results are shown in FIGS. As a result, the preparations of Examples 1 to 4 have a high survival rate of the bacteria in spite of storage at room temperature as compared with those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and almost no decrease in the bacteria is observed. It turns out that preservability is high.
[0036]
Test Example 2 Preservability of live Fusarium fungus powder (2)
The preparations prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were allowed to stand at room temperature (temperature 20 to 35 ° C.), 50 ° C. and 70 ° C. for 24 hours, and then the number of living bacteria per gram of the preparation was diluted. Investigated by law. As a result, as shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the preparations of Examples 1 to 4 have higher heat resistance and higher storage stability than those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
[0037]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004161395
[0038]
Test Example 3 Suspension of Liver Fusarium Hydrate Preparation 100 ml of water was placed in a measuring cylinder for measuring 100 ml, and 0.1 g of the preparation prepared in Examples 3 to 4 and Comparative Example 2 was suspended therein. Suspension water was collected from the center of the graduated cylinder immediately after suspension and 24 hours later, and Fusarium bacteria surviving in 1 ml were examined by a dilution plate method. As a result, as shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the preparations of Examples 3 to 4 maintain high suspension properties as compared with those of Comparative Examples.
[0039]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004161395
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
The viable Fusarium bacterium preparation of the present invention contains a viable cell of Fusarium genus and a clay mineral having a layer-ribbon structure selected from sepiolite and attapulgite . A long-term storability and heat resistance are obtained, and a viable Fusarium fungus preparation excellent in distribution is obtained. The Fusarium fungus preparation of the present invention contains a surfactant and the like, so that it has excellent suspension properties and can be diluted with water by a simple operation and applied to obtain an excellent control effect. Is obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a graph showing the storage stability test results of IAM-5209 strain in Examples.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the storage stability test results of MAF235463 strain in Examples.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing test results of storage stability of KF-0270 strain in Examples.

Claims (3)

フザリウム属菌の生菌体と、セピオライトおよびアタパルジャイトから選ばれる層−リボン構造を有する粘土鉱物とを含むフザリウム属菌生菌製剤。A Fusarium fungus preparation comprising viable cells of Fusarium and a clay mineral having a layer-ribbon structure selected from sepiolite and attapulgite . 生菌体が芽胞を含むものである請求項1記載のフザリウム属菌生菌製剤。  2. The Fusarium genus viable preparation according to claim 1, wherein the viable cell contains spores. 増量剤、結合剤または界面活性剤をさらに含む請求項1または2記載のフザリウム属菌生菌製剤。The Fusarium spp. Live cell preparation according to claim 1 or 2 , further comprising a bulking agent, a binder or a surfactant.
JP00684398A 1998-01-16 1998-01-16 Fusarium spp. Expired - Lifetime JP4161395B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP00684398A JP4161395B2 (en) 1998-01-16 1998-01-16 Fusarium spp.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP00684398A JP4161395B2 (en) 1998-01-16 1998-01-16 Fusarium spp.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH11209211A JPH11209211A (en) 1999-08-03
JP4161395B2 true JP4161395B2 (en) 2008-10-08

Family

ID=11649535

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP00684398A Expired - Lifetime JP4161395B2 (en) 1998-01-16 1998-01-16 Fusarium spp.

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4161395B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6920089B2 (en) * 2017-03-31 2021-08-18 シーシーアイホールディングス株式会社 Production method of live bacterial product, live bacterial product and wastewater treatment method using it
CN114686474B (en) * 2022-04-19 2023-08-15 上海艾尔天合环境科技有限公司 Preparation method of multi-strain solidified mycelium pellet, multi-strain solidified mycelium pellet and application

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11209211A (en) 1999-08-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2073507C (en) Process for preparation of bacterial agricultural products
US10945440B2 (en) Methylobacterium treated corn plants, plant parts, and seeds
US10757946B2 (en) Microbial inoculant formulations
US20080107689A1 (en) Stable Microbial Inoculants and Methods for Production of Them
JPH0395105A (en) Eumycetes mixture for biocontrol of soil vegetable pathogen
US20160120188A1 (en) Bacterial Fermentation Methods and Compositions
WO2012093374A2 (en) Fertilizer
JPH08175921A (en) Agricultural and horticultural germicidal composition
CA2408392C (en) Sprayable mycelium-based formulation for biological control agents
JP3697175B2 (en) Agricultural hydrating composition, method for producing the same, and method for storing the same
CN102027999A (en) Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder containing pullulan polysaccharide and preparation method thereof
CN107417415A (en) A kind of agricultural microbial agent and preparation method thereof
Thompson et al. Survival of two ecologically distinct bacteria (Flavobacterium and Arthrobacter) in unplanted and rhizosphere soil: laboratory studies
JPH0620364B2 (en) Seed inoculation method with freeze-dried microorganisms
JP4161395B2 (en) Fusarium spp.
Hynes et al. Improvements to the pesta formulation to promote survival and dispersal of Pseudomonas fluorescens BRG100, green foxtail bioherbicide
JP2001078751A (en) Storage of microbial preparation and microorganism
JP3340839B2 (en) Microbial material for turfgrass with pathogen control effect
JP3834460B2 (en) Animal teat sanitizer
JP2642756B2 (en) Control of turfgrass disease and greening soil improvement material
JP5000133B2 (en) Microbial pesticide formulation
JP4405718B2 (en) Agricultural hydratable composition, method for producing the same, and method for storing the same
JP3986726B2 (en) Pesticide application method
JP2003250522A (en) Preparation of live bacterium of genus fusarium and method for producing the same
KR100843387B1 (en) Wettable compositions for use in agriculture, preparation method therefor, and storage method therefor

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20041215

A711 Notification of change in applicant

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A711

Effective date: 20060508

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821

Effective date: 20060508

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20080205

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20080422

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20080606

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20080701

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20080714

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110801

Year of fee payment: 3

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20110801

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120801

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120801

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130801

Year of fee payment: 5

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term