JP4143904B2

JP4143904B2 - Polyester fiber-containing fabric and method for producing the same

Info

Publication number: JP4143904B2
Application number: JP2002230389A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 忠人小野寺; 修広黒田; 隆上田
Original assignee: Toyobo Co Ltd
Current assignee: Toyobo Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-08-07
Filing date: 2002-08-07
Publication date: 2008-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2022-08-07
Also published as: JP2004068210A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、これまでと異なるメカニズムで紫外線遮蔽効果と透け防止性及び抗ピル性の発現が可能なポリエステル短繊維含有布帛に関する。更には変性ポリエステルを使用することなく抗ピル性発現が可能で、吸水速乾性に優れるポリエステル短繊維含有布帛に関する。その用途としては、シャツ、ブラウス、カジュアルニット、ゴルフニット、セーター、ジャケット、パンツ、スカート、水着、アンダーウエア、ユニフォーム等の衣服や帽子、傘、スカーフ、タオル、手袋、カーテン、枕カバー、クッション側地、シーツ、布団側地、おむつ等に好適である。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来より透け防止や紫外線遮蔽効果を発現するポリエステル繊維布帛を得る方法としては、酸化チタン等を繊維内部に練り込んだポリエステル繊維を用いる方法、生地表面に紫外線吸収剤を含ませる方法、高密度に織り編み上げる方法等がある。特に酸化チタンを繊維内部に多く含むいわゆるフルダル繊維は、特許第２８８８５０４号のように透け防止や紫外線遮蔽効果は高く、衣料用等に広く利用されている。しかし、一般的に酸化チタン含有率が３．０質量％以上を有するフルダル糸は、ガイド、糸道や筬等を激しく摩耗させ、毛羽立ちや糸切れを誘発させ、工程通過性がよくなく、また、発色性に限界があり、通常のポリエステル繊維で得られる鮮明色表現に著しい制約を受ける。これらの欠点を防止するために、酸化チタンを多く含む繊維を芯にし、通常繊維を鞘にした複合繊維にする方法も提案されているが、高価になり、また品質が不安定である。後加工による紫外線吸収剤付与法は、風合を硬化させたり、コストアップになる欠点がある。
【０００３】
一方、吸水速乾性を謳ったポリエステル繊維として、従来の極細繊維による丸断面形状や、Ｌ型、Ｗ型、Ｙ型などの異型断面の長繊維が提案されている。これらは繊維表面積を増し、繊維間の隙間を少なくし、毛細管現象効果を高めて吸水速乾性に優れるので、用途的に軽量で、光沢感を生かしたスポーツ用途に多用されている。ポリエステル短繊維においては軽量保温素材として中空繊維が一般的に用いられるが、繊維表面の乱反射効果が弱く、本発明品に見られる程度の紫外線吸収効果や可視光線透過率は期待できないのが実状である。
【０００４】
抗ピリング（抗ピル）性ポリエステル繊維として、有機スルホン酸系共重合ポリエステル繊維やリン等を含む変性ポリエステル繊維が主に用いられる。これらは繊維強度をレジンや紡糸、延伸工程で低下させ、更に染色仕上げ工程条件で繊維強度（結節強度）の低下を促進させ、生地表面の毛羽を脱落しやすくしたもので、編物以外にもウールやレーヨン混紡糸織物等に多く使用されている。しかし、このような変性ポリエステル繊維、特に有機スルホン酸系共重合ポリエステル繊維においては、一般的な丸断面形状の繊維形態でさえも紡糸中に金属塩が析出し易く、紡糸性能が不良である。異型断面繊維の紡出は尚更に困難さを増す。かつ繊維強度が弱いため紡績性が劣る欠点を有する。可紡性を向上させるようとすると繊維強度を上げる必要があり、抗ピル性を得るためには染色加工工程で繊維強度を低下させる工夫が必要になる。更に染色加工時に一定の品質を保つために加工管理が煩雑である等の困難さを有する。
【０００５】
このような変性ポリエステル繊維の染色加工において、処理液をｐＨ３〜４等の強酸性サイドで行なう場合は、処理中の液ｐＨの変化、バッチ間差を最小に制御することは困難であり、制御が不十分であれば生地の脆化や変色を容易に招き、実用生地強力低下や品位低下につながり、著しく製品価値を損なってしまう。また、抗ピル性を得るために高温で長時間染色時間を必要とする繊維構造の生地においてはコスト的に不利となる。また、このような変性ポリエステル繊維で構成された生地は、染色加工揚がりで糸または生地の強力低下が大きいため、再染色加工が不可能で、極めて不経済である。
【０００６】
近年、紡績方法による抗ピル性の改善が検討されており、結束紡績を利用する方法がある。この方法では、高速エア流体による繊維間絡合が基本構造であり、繊維端が繊維内部に拘束されるため毛羽が少なく、抗ピル性が向上するが、この方式はリング紡績糸に比べ、その構造上、風合が硬くなるという欠点を有している。
ポリエステル短繊維布帛において、フルダル繊維を用いることなく、抗ピル性と紫外線遮蔽性、透け防止性、発色性、吸水速乾性、清涼感を併せ持ち、風合がソフトな布帛が要望されている。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、フルダル繊維（一般的に酸化チタン含有量が３．０質量％以上）や紫外線吸収剤を使用することなく、薄地の白生地でも透け感が少なく、かつ紫外線遮蔽率が高く、吸水速乾性や発色性にも優れ、かつ変性ポリエステル繊維を用いることなく、抗ピル性に富むソフトな風合の布帛を安価に得ることを目的とするものである。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は下記の構成からなる。
（１）酸化チタン含有率が１．０質量％未満で、繊維円周上に存在する３個以上の突起部を繊維長さ方向に連続して有し、繊維断面の異型度（内接円に対する外接円の比）が１．８以上の高異型度ポリエステル短繊維または中空率８％以上の中空ポリエステル短繊維を含むエア交絡紡績糸で構成され、かつ該エア交絡紡績糸の糸長１０ｍ当りの毛羽数が長さ１ｍｍ以上が３０個以上３５０個未満、長さ３ｍｍ以上が１５個未満であり、かつＪＩＳＬ１０７６Ａ法におけるピリングが３級以上、紫外線遮蔽率が８４％以上、可視光線透過率が４０％以下であることを特徴とするポリエステル短繊維含有布帛。
【０００９】
（２）酸化チタン含有率が１．０質量％未満で、繊維円周上に存在する３個以上の突起部を繊維長さ方向に連続して有し、繊維断面の異型度（内接円に対する外接円の比）が１．８以上の高異型度ポリエステル短繊維または中空率８％以上の中空ポリエステル短繊維を含むエア交絡紡績糸であり、かつ該紡績糸の糸長１０ｍ当りの毛羽数が長さ１ｍｍ以上が３０個以上３５０個未満、長さ３ｍｍ以上が１５個未満であるエア交絡紡績糸を布帛の構成糸として用いることを特徴とする前記（１）記載のポリエステル短繊維含有布帛の製造方法。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明におけるポリエステル短繊維含有布帛について詳細に述べる。なお、以下では、短繊維のことを単に繊維と表記することがある。
本発明におけるポリエステル短繊維含有布帛とは、少なくともエア交絡紡績糸を構成糸として用いた編物、織物である。
本発明において使用されるポリエステル繊維に含有する酸化チタン含有率は、１．０質量％未満である。繊維円周上に存在する３個以上の突起部が繊維長さ方向に連続して存在し、その異型度が１．８以上である高異型度断面繊維の場合は、好ましくは０．６質量％以下であり、更に好ましくは０．５質量％以下である。１．０質量％を超えると、紡糸性が悪化するとともに、艶消し効果が強く作用するため、白度に劣り、発色性を失う傾向がある。本発明では、少量の酸化チタン含有率でフルダル繊維に近似の紫外線遮蔽性や透け防止性が得られることから必要以上に含有させる必要がないのが特徴である。
【００１１】
中空繊維の場合は、光の表面反射率が前述の高異型度繊維より劣る傾向にあり、酸化チタン含有率はやや多めの方が効果的であり、０．４質量％以上、０．８質量％程度が好ましい。酸化チタン含有率は、繊維内の中空形状個数が複数である場合、光の反射率が向上するため１個の場合より減らすことが可能であり、また発色性を向上させることが可能である。
【００１２】
本発明においては酸化チタンが主体的に使用されるが、従来より使用されているカオリナイト、炭化ジルコニウム、各種顔料、トルマリン、稀少鉱石や深層海洋水等から得られる微量の放射性微粉末、抗菌防臭剤、制菌剤等は、必要によって混合してもよい。
【００１３】
本発明に使用される繊維断面が高異型度の繊維は、繊維円周上に存在する突起部が３個以上あり、その異型度（外接円と内接円の比）が１．８以上で該突起部が繊維長さ方向に連続して存在する形態であることが必要である。繊維表面反射率の低い丸断面、偏平断面や異型度１．８未満の三角断面形状等は対象外であり、異型度１．８以上である繊維表面の突起部と溝部の高低差が大で表面乱反射率の高いＹ型、十字型、星型断面繊維等である必要がある。その異型度は２．０以上、３．５未満が好ましく、更には３．０以下が好ましい。３．５以上では繊維強度が低下する傾向がある。このような高異型度繊維は一般に嵩高性であり、押しても柔らかさを感じさせるクッション効果を生地に与える効果がある。そのため本発明のエア交絡紡績糸のソフト風合化には有効に作用する。
【００１４】
本発明に使用される中空繊維は、中空率は８％以上、４５％以下が好ましい。７％以下では光反射率が劣り、また４６％以上では形態保持性が困難で好ましくない。好ましくは１５％から３０％の範囲である。繊維の中空断面形状は丸、三角、偏平、四角等であってもよい。また単繊維中の中空個数は１個、または複数個でもよく、紡糸時に中空であってもよく、綿、糸、または布帛で特定成分が溶解除去された中空繊維であってもよい。
【００１５】
エア交絡紡績糸中の高異型度繊維や中空繊維の含有率は、好ましくは３０％、より好ましくは５０％以上である。これらは単体で、または混用することも可能である。また性能を阻害しない範囲で他の繊維、例えば綿やレーヨン、キュプラ、ポリノジック、精製セルロース（テンセル等）等のセルロース系繊維（吸湿発熱性繊維を含む）、消臭性、制菌・抗菌防臭性能等を有するポリエステルやアクリル、アクリレート、モダクリル繊維等と混用してもよい。
【００１６】
尚、本発明は、ポリエチレンテレフタレートなどのホモポリマーポリエステルで抗ピル性を得ることができるのが特徴であるが、このポリエステル繊維と有機スルホン酸金属塩基含有成分の共重合体であるカチオン可染ポリエステルタイプのポリエステル繊維などとを、鮮明色や異色染め効果などを得る目的で、交織、交編、混紡などで混用してもよい。本発明における高異型度繊維や中空繊維の布帛中の含有率は、好ましくは２０％、より好ましくは４０％以上である。
【００１７】
本発明におけるポリエステル繊維の繊度は、絡合性、風合、番手面から３．５ｄｔｅｘ以下が好ましく、更に好ましくは２．５ｄｔｅｘ以下である。３．６ｄｔｅｘ以上では紡績糸の構成本数が減り、剛性が強い為、絡合性が不良となり、硬風合や低強力化をもたらし、細番手が得られにくくなる。短繊維は長繊維に比較し、捲縮による嵩性による光透過阻止性が期待され、更に１．８以上の高異型度や中空断面形状とすることで繊維の剛性が強くなり、紡績糸として嵩性に富む特性がある。その結果、後工程における熱や物理的な力による繊維のへたりが少なく、丸断面や偏平断面、異型度１．８未満の繊維に比較し、嵩高な繊維形態保持性に優れ、紫外線や可視光線通過性防止にも有利に作用する。
【００１８】
本発明におけるポリエステル繊維の断面形状に起因する剛性の強さから、繊度は１．１から１．５dtexでも丸断面繊維２．０dtex並みの十分な剛性（ハリ、腰）が得られるため、従来糸に比較し、同一番手において紡績糸の構成本数を増すことができ、その結果、糸強度、繊維の紫外線反射や可視光線透過阻止効果を高めることが可能である。また、その剛性の強さから毛羽同士の絡合性を弱め、抗ピル性を向上させる効果もある。
【００１９】
本発明のポリエステル短繊維においては、適性なクリンプ数は８〜２０ヶ／２５ｍｍであり、クリンプ数が多い程嵩性や生地表面の乱反射が多くなり、好ましくは１０ケ／２５ｍｍ以上である。繊維カット長は３２ｍｍからバリカットまで可能であり、目的によって適宜選定される。一般的には、好ましい範囲は紡績糸の毛羽数や毛羽絡み度合、風合、糸質面から長くない方が好ましく、３２ｍｍから５１ｍｍである。
【００２０】
以上のポリエステル短繊維を紡績する際は、リング紡績法によらず、オープンエンド、結束紡績等の高速エア流体交絡糸とする。これらの方式はリング紡績糸と異なり、糸構造的に糸毛羽を抑制する効果があるが、風合硬化は避けられない構造であるので、本発明においては、紡績条件は紡績糸の風合、嵩性、抗ピル性を損なわない条件とし、交絡度合が増し、風合が硬化する高エア圧下での低速紡出速度等は避けるのが望ましい。
【００２１】
本発明において紡出された紡績糸の毛羽数は、糸長１０ｍ当りの長さ１ｍｍ以上の毛羽数は３０個以上、３５０個未満、かつ長さ３ｍｍ以上の毛羽数は１５個未満であり、夫々の毛羽数が３００個未満、１０個以下を同時に満たすことが好ましい。本発明のように繊維断面形状と繊度を特定し、高速エア流体による紡績糸とすることで、毛羽数の少ない紡績糸が可能であり、夫々の毛羽数が３５０個以上、１５個以上では特にスムースやパイル組織等の嵩高でルーズな組織等においては十分な抗ピル性が得られなくなるため好ましくない。また、１ｍｍ以上の毛羽数が３０個未満では高交絡度で糸径の細い紡績糸となり、抗ピル性は増すが、バルキー性に劣る硬風合の生地となり好ましくない。その結果、本発明の目的とする紫外線遮蔽率が低下し、可視光線透過率が増し、好ましくない。
【００２２】
本発明の布帛においては、少なくも上記ポリエステル紡績糸を用いることで、３８０〜７８０ｎｍの可視光線透過率が４０％以下、２８０〜４００ｎｍ波長紫外線遮蔽率が８４％以上、ＪＩＳＬ１０７６Ａ法におけるピリングが３級以上となるポリエステル繊維含有布帛を得ることができる。その際、他の繊維と混紡、混繊、交撚、交織、交編し、生地表層部にこれらポリエステル繊維を多く使用する構造にしてもよく、単独でこれら繊維を用いてもよい。
【００２３】
本発明の布帛の染色加工は、他のポリエステル繊維と同様、精練後、通常の染色加工が施される。通常のポリエステル繊維では１２０〜１３０℃の高圧染色が、カチオン可染変性ポリエステルであれば９８〜１２０℃の常圧から高圧染色が採用される。本発明においては、紫外線吸収剤を併用することなく仕上げることができるが、通常より少ない量の紫外線吸収剤を併用してもよい。織物においては通常通り、染色以前の工程で、または染色後に毛焼きやシャリング処理してもよく、また、毛焼き後軽アルカリ処理し、染色することで生地品位、抗ピル性、風合を改善してもよい。
【００２４】
【実施例】
以下、実施例によって本発明を説明する。
実施例、比較例とも固有粘度０．６３のポリエステルレジンを用い、Ｙ型異型用、中空用及び中実用の各紡糸口金を用い、それぞれポリマー温度２９０℃、紡糸速度１６００ｍ／分で紡糸した後、延伸を速度１４０ｍ／分、温度１１２℃で、延伸倍率は、Ｙ型異型長繊維は２．３４、中空長繊維（丸、三角、田型とも）は２．８４、中実長繊維は２．６０で行ない、それぞれ３８ｍｍカット長、クリンプ数１４ヶ／２５ｍｍ前後のポリエステル短繊維を得た。
【００２５】
結束紡績は、村田機械（株）製ムラタボルテックススピナーＭＶＳを用い、ノズル圧０．４５ＭＰａ、紡出速度３５０ｍ／分で紡績した。但し、実施例５は紡出速度のみを４００ｍ/分とし、比較例６は紡出速度のみを２００ｍ／分とした。比較例１のリング紡績糸は撚係数３．２とし、全点とも英式綿番手３０番手を得た。編物のスムース組織は、２２ゲージ、ループ長３２５ｍｍ、ウェル数１００で、天竺は、２８ゲージ、ループ長２７５ｍｍ、ウェル数１００で編み立てた。更に、生地は開反し、ウェット処理後、乾燥し、１８０℃、４０秒間の中間セットを施した。その後、スムース、天竺ともそれぞれ別バッチにて高圧液流染色機で染色（１３０℃、２０分間、蛍光分散染料０．８％ｏmｆ）し、還元洗浄、脱水乾燥後、１６０℃、６０秒間の仕上げセットを行なった。
【００２６】
尚、編地の測定条件は以下に示す通りである。
（１）紫外線遮蔽率と可視光線透過率
・島津製作所製UV-３１００PC 積分球付属装置 ISR-3100 積分球内径６０ｍｍΦ（紫外線バンドパスフィルター使用）を使用し、以下の条件で測定した。
・標準白板：硫酸バリウム
・紫外線遮蔽率測定波長：２８０ｎｍ〜４００ｎｍ
・可視光線透過率測定波長：３８０ｎｍ〜７８０ｎｍ
（２）生地厚み：ダイアル式厚み計で、生地を２枚重ね、生地中央部を長さ方向に５回測定した１枚当りの平均値を求めた。
（３）ピリング：ＪＩＳＬ１０７６Ａ法（ＩＣＩ形試験機５時間で判定）に準拠して測定した。
（４）原綿、生地の評価：以下の３段階で評価した。
○：良、 ○△：やや良、 ×：不良。
【００２７】
布帛の紫外線遮蔽率や可視光線透過率は、一般に繊維のポリマー特性、繊維形態（異型度、断面形状、捲縮の有無、及び多寡）、無機粒子の種類と含有率、単糸繊度、糸繊度や撚り構造、構造体の密度、組織、厚み、色相等によって左右される。
以下の表１に、得られた繊維とそれを用いた布帛の評価結果を示した。
【００２８】
【表１】

【００２９】
実施例１〜５は、毛羽数が少なく、ピリングは天竺はもとよりスムース組織においても４−５級以上あり、満足するレベルである。また比較例に比べ、生地厚み（嵩性）があり、紫外線遮蔽率も高く、可視光線透過率も少ない。一方、実施例３及び４は、酸化チタン量は若干多いが、白度、従って発色性を損なうものではなく、比較例５より十分な白度が得られている。比較例１は、紫外線遮蔽率、可視光線透過率とも優れるが、毛羽が多く、特にスムース組織においてはピリングが１−２級と不良である。比較例２〜５は、毛羽は少なめで、ピリングは３級以上であるが、いずれも紫外線遮蔽率、可視光線透過率が劣る。これは繊維間や金属との摩擦が大きく、繊維同士が交絡し易く、また見掛けの繊維径が太く、嵩高になり易い実施例１〜５に比べ、生地厚みが劣り、更に繊維形態に起因する表面反射率の少なさが影響しているものと考えられる。
【００３０】
また繊維断面が丸や低異型度である比較例２〜５は、実施例１、４及び５のＹ型繊維がクッション性のあるソフト風合を呈したのに対し、生地の厚みが劣り、粗硬感の強い硬風合の生地であった。実施例５は実施例１に比べ、毛羽数が増えたが、リング糸に近いソフト風合を有し、ピリングはスムースでも４級を維持しており、十分な性能を備えた水準であった。
【００３１】
比較例６は、紡績時の糸速を低速にした水準であるが、他の水準に比べ、長さ１ｍｍ以上の毛羽数が２５個と激減し、抗ピリング性が向上した。しかし、交絡度合が強いため風合はジャリ味のある硬風合となり、実施例１及び４に見られるようなバルキー、ソフト風合とは全く赴きを異にするものであり、紫外線遮蔽率も低下し、可視光線透過率も大きい編地になった。
【００３２】
実施例はいずれも実用性のある抗ピル性と発色性を有し、フルダル糸に近似の紫外線遮蔽率や透け防止効果を有することがわかった。結束紡績はリング紡績に比較し、毛羽数が少なく抗ピル性に優れる反面、リング糸とは異なる硬い風合が欠点であり、その改善が困難であったが、ソフト風合を有し、抗ピル性と紫外線遮蔽性、透け防止性、及び発色性等を兼ね備えるのは本発明の構成要件を満たすもののみである。
【００３３】
表２には、表１の実施例及び比較例に記載の紡績糸を使用し、組織をスムース組織にした場合の抗ピリング性の評価結果について示した。
【００３４】
【表２】

【００３５】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、フルダル繊維を使用することなく、薄地の白生地でも透け感が少なく、かつ紫外線遮蔽率が高く、吸水速乾性や発色性に優れ、かつ変性ポリエステル繊維を用いることなく、優れた抗ピル性を同時に併せ持つソフトな風合のポリエステル短繊維含有布帛を安価に得ることが可能である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a polyester short fiber-containing fabric capable of exhibiting an ultraviolet shielding effect, a see-through preventing property, and an anti-pilling property by a mechanism different from the above. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a polyester short fiber-containing fabric that can exhibit an anti-pill property without using a modified polyester and is excellent in water absorption and quick drying. Applications include shirts, blouses, casual knits, golf knits, sweaters, jackets, pants, skirts, swimwear, underwear, uniforms and other clothing and hats, umbrellas, scarves, towels, gloves, curtains, pillowcases, and cushions. Suitable for ground, sheets, futon side, diapers, etc.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method of obtaining a polyester fiber fabric that exhibits a prevention of see-through and an ultraviolet shielding effect from the past, a method using a polyester fiber in which titanium oxide or the like is kneaded inside the fiber, a method of including an ultraviolet absorber on the fabric surface, a high density There are methods such as weaving and knitting. In particular, so-called fuldal fibers containing a large amount of titanium oxide in the inside of the fiber have high anti-through effects and ultraviolet shielding effects as in Japanese Patent No. 2888504, and are widely used for clothing and the like. However, in general, a fludall yarn having a titanium oxide content of 3.0% by mass or more causes severe wear on guides, yarn paths, wrinkles, etc., and induces fluffing and yarn breakage. However, there is a limit to the color developability, and there are significant restrictions on the vivid color expression obtained with ordinary polyester fibers. In order to prevent these drawbacks, a method has been proposed in which a fiber containing a large amount of titanium oxide is used as a core and a fiber is usually used as a sheath, but it is expensive and unstable in quality. The ultraviolet absorber application method by post-processing has a drawback that the texture is cured and the cost is increased.
[0003]
On the other hand, as a polyester fiber with excellent water absorption and quick-drying properties, there have been proposed long fibers having conventional round cross-sections using ultra-fine fibers and different cross-sections such as L-type, W-type, and Y-type. These increase the surface area of the fibers, reduce the gaps between the fibers, enhance the capillary effect, and are excellent in water-absorbing and quick-drying properties. Therefore, they are frequently used in sports applications that are lightweight and have a glossy appearance. In short polyester fibers, hollow fibers are generally used as a lightweight heat-retaining material, but the diffuse reflection effect on the fiber surface is weak, and in reality the UV absorption effect and visible light transmittance that can be seen in the present invention product cannot be expected. is there.
[0004]
As the anti-pilling (anti-pill) polyester fiber, an organic sulfonic acid copolymer polyester fiber, a modified polyester fiber containing phosphorus or the like is mainly used. These are made by reducing the fiber strength in the resin, spinning and drawing processes, and further promoting the decrease in fiber strength (knot strength) under the conditions of the dyeing finishing process, making it easier to remove the fluff on the fabric surface. It is often used for rayon blended yarn fabrics. However, in such a modified polyester fiber, particularly an organic sulfonic acid copolymer polyester fiber, a metal salt is likely to precipitate during spinning even in a general fiber shape having a round cross section, and the spinning performance is poor. Spinning of modified cross-section fibers is even more difficult. In addition, since the fiber strength is weak, the spinning property is inferior. In order to improve the spinnability, it is necessary to increase the fiber strength, and in order to obtain the anti-pill property, a device for reducing the fiber strength in the dyeing process is required. Furthermore, in order to maintain a certain quality during the dyeing process, there are difficulties such as complicated process management.
[0005]
In such a modified polyester fiber dyeing process, when the treatment liquid is subjected to a strongly acidic side such as pH 3 to 4, it is difficult to control the change of the liquid pH during the treatment and the difference between batches to the minimum. If it is insufficient, embrittlement and discoloration of the fabric will easily occur, leading to a decrease in strength and quality of the practical fabric, and the product value will be significantly impaired. Further, it is disadvantageous in terms of cost in a fabric having a fiber structure that requires a long dyeing time at a high temperature in order to obtain an anti-pill property. In addition, a fabric made of such a modified polyester fiber is very uneconomical because it cannot be re-dyed because the yarn or fabric has a strong reduction in strength due to dyeing processing.
[0006]
In recent years, improvement of the anti-pill property by a spinning method has been studied, and there is a method using bundle spinning. In this method, inter-fiber entanglement by high-speed air fluid is the basic structure, and the fiber ends are constrained inside the fiber, so there is less fuzz and the anti-pill property is improved. Due to the structure, there is a drawback that the texture becomes hard.
There is a demand for a short polyester fiber fabric that has both anti-pill properties, ultraviolet shielding properties, anti-slipping properties, color development, water-absorbing quick-drying properties, and a cool feeling without using full-dal fibers.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention does not use full fiber (generally titanium oxide content of 3.0% by mass or more) or an ultraviolet absorber, and even a thin white fabric has little translucency and has a high ultraviolet shielding rate, and absorbs water. An object of the present invention is to obtain a soft texture fabric that is excellent in quick-drying property and color developability and has a high anti-pill property without using a modified polyester fiber.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention has the following configuration.
(1) Titanium oxide content is less than 1.0% by mass, and has three or more protrusions present on the circumference of the fiber continuously in the fiber length direction. The ratio of the circumscribed circle to the outer circumference is 1.8) or higher, or is formed of air entangled spun yarns containing hollow polyester short fibers having a hollow ratio of 8% or more , and per 10 m of yarn length of the air entangled spun yarns The number of fluff of 1 mm or more is 30 or more and less than 350, the length of 3 mm or more is less than 15, and the pilling in the JIS L 1076 A method is grade 3 or more, the ultraviolet shielding rate is 84% or more, visible light A polyester short fiber-containing fabric having a transmittance of 40% or less.
[0009]
(2) Titanium oxide content is less than 1.0% by mass, has three or more protrusions present on the fiber circumference continuously in the fiber length direction, and the degree of irregularity of the fiber cross section (inscribed circle) The ratio of the circumscribed circle to the air) is high-profile polyester short fibers having a degree of 1.8 or more or air-entangled spun yarns containing hollow polyester short fibers having a hollow ratio of 8% or more, and the number of fluffs per 10 m of the spun yarn length The polyester short fiber-containing fabric according to (1), wherein an air entangled spun yarn having a length of 1 mm or more and 30 or more and less than 350 and a length of 3 mm or more and less than 15 is used as a constituent yarn of the fabric. Manufacturing method.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the polyester short fiber-containing fabric in the present invention will be described in detail. Hereinafter, the short fiber may be simply referred to as a fiber.
The polyester short fiber-containing fabric in the present invention is a knitted fabric or a fabric using at least air entangled spun yarn as a constituent yarn.
The titanium oxide content contained in the polyester fiber used in the present invention is less than 1.0% by mass. In the case of a high irregularity cross-section fiber in which three or more protrusions existing on the circumference of the fiber are continuously present in the fiber length direction and the irregularity is 1.8 or more, preferably 0.6 mass % Or less, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or less. If it exceeds 1.0% by mass, the spinnability deteriorates and the matting effect acts strongly, so that the whiteness is inferior and the color developability tends to be lost. The present invention is characterized in that it does not need to be contained more than necessary since the ultraviolet shielding property and the anti-slipping property similar to those of a fludal fiber can be obtained with a small amount of titanium oxide.
[0011]
In the case of a hollow fiber, the surface reflectance of light tends to be inferior to that of the above-mentioned high profile fiber, and a slightly higher titanium oxide content is more effective, 0.4 mass% or more, 0.8 mass % Is preferred. When the number of hollow shapes in the fiber is plural, the titanium oxide content can be reduced as compared with the case of one because the light reflectivity is improved, and the color developability can be improved.
[0012]
Titanium oxide is mainly used in the present invention, but a trace amount of radioactive fine powder obtained from conventionally used kaolinite, zirconium carbide, various pigments, tourmaline, rare ore, deep ocean water, etc., antibacterial and deodorant Agents, antibacterial agents and the like may be mixed as necessary.
[0013]
The fiber having a high degree of irregularity in the fiber cross section used in the present invention has three or more protrusions present on the circumference of the fiber, and the irregularity (ratio of circumscribed circle to inscribed circle) is 1.8 or more. It is necessary that the protrusions are continuously present in the fiber length direction. Round cross-sections with low fiber surface reflectance, flat cross-sections, triangular cross-sections with an irregularity of less than 1.8, etc. are not covered, and the difference in height between the projections and grooves on the fiber surface with an irregularity of 1.8 or more is large. It must be Y-shaped, cross-shaped, star-shaped cross-section fiber or the like having a high surface irregular reflectance. The degree of variation is preferably 2.0 or more and less than 3.5, and more preferably 3.0 or less. If it is 3.5 or more, the fiber strength tends to decrease. Such high profile fibers are generally bulky and have the effect of giving the fabric a cushioning effect that makes them feel soft even when pressed. Therefore, it effectively acts on the soft texture of the air entangled spun yarn of the present invention.
[0014]
The hollow fiber used in the present invention preferably has a hollow ratio of 8% to 45%. If it is 7% or less, the light reflectivity is inferior, and if it is 46% or more, form retention is difficult, which is not preferable. Preferably, it is in the range of 15% to 30%. The hollow cross-sectional shape of the fiber may be round, triangular, flat, square or the like. Further, the number of hollows in the single fiber may be one or plural, and may be hollow at the time of spinning, or may be a hollow fiber in which a specific component is dissolved and removed with cotton, yarn, or fabric.
[0015]
The content of highly irregular fibers or hollow fibers in the air entangled spun yarn is preferably 30%, more preferably 50% or more. These can be used alone or in combination. In addition, other fibers such as cotton, rayon, cupra, polynosic, and cellulose fibers (including hygroscopic exothermic fibers), deodorant, antibacterial, antibacterial and deodorant performance, as long as the performance is not impaired May be used in combination with polyester, acrylic, acrylate, modacrylic fiber, etc.
[0016]
The present invention is characterized in that anti-pilling properties can be obtained with a homopolymer polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate. A cationic dyeable polyester which is a copolymer of this polyester fiber and an organic sulfonate metal base-containing component. A type of polyester fiber or the like may be used in combination with weaving, knitting, blending or the like for the purpose of obtaining a clear color or a different color dyeing effect. In the present invention, the content of the high atypical fiber or hollow fiber in the fabric is preferably 20%, more preferably 40% or more.
[0017]
The fineness of the polyester fiber in the present invention is preferably 3.5 dtex or less, more preferably 2.5 dtex or less in terms of entanglement, texture, and count. If it is 3.6 dtex or more, the number of components of the spun yarn is reduced and the rigidity is strong, so that the entanglement is poor, resulting in a hard texture and low strength, making it difficult to obtain a fine count. Compared to long fibers, short fibers are expected to have light transmission blocking properties due to bulkiness due to crimping, and by having a high degree of irregularity of 1.8 or more and a hollow cross-sectional shape, the rigidity of the fibers becomes stronger, and as a spun yarn There is a characteristic that is rich in bulk. As a result, there is little fiber sag due to heat and physical force in the post-process, and it is superior in bulky fiber shape retention, UV and visible light compared to fibers with round cross section, flat cross section and profile degree less than 1.8. It also works to prevent light transmission.
[0018]
From the strength of the rigidity resulting from the cross-sectional shape of the polyester fiber in the present invention, sufficient rigidity (harness, waist) equivalent to the round cross-section fiber 2.0 dtex can be obtained even if the fineness is 1.1 to 1.5 dtex. As compared with the above, it is possible to increase the number of spun yarns in the same count, and as a result, it is possible to enhance the yarn strength, the effect of preventing the reflection of ultraviolet rays of light and the transmission of visible light. Moreover, from the strength of the rigidity, it has the effect of weakening the entanglement property of the fuzz and improving the anti-pill property.
[0019]
In the polyester short fiber of the present invention, the appropriate number of crimps is 8 to 20 pieces / 25 mm, and the larger the number of crimps, the greater the bulkiness and the irregular reflection on the surface of the fabric, preferably 10 pieces / 25 mm or more. The fiber cut length can be from 32 mm to burr cut, and is appropriately selected depending on the purpose. In general, the preferred range is preferably not longer from the number of fluffs of the spun yarn, the degree of fluff entanglement, the texture, and the surface of the yarn, and is from 32 mm to 51 mm.
[0020]
When spinning the above polyester short fibers, high-speed air-fluid entangled yarns such as open ends and bundle spinning are used regardless of the ring spinning method. Unlike the ring spun yarn, these methods have an effect of suppressing yarn fluff in the yarn structure, but since the texture hardening is inevitable, in the present invention, the spinning conditions are the texture of the spun yarn, It is desirable to avoid conditions such as low spinning speed under high air pressure where the degree of entanglement is increased and the texture is hardened under conditions that do not impair bulkiness and anti-pilling properties.
[0021]
The number of fluff of the spun yarn spun in the present invention is 30 or more, less than 350, and less than 15 fluff of 1 mm or more per 10 m of yarn length, It is preferable that the number of each fluff is less than 300 and 10 or less simultaneously. By specifying the fiber cross-sectional shape and fineness as in the present invention and using a spun yarn by a high-speed air fluid, it is possible to produce a spun yarn with a small number of fluffs, particularly when the number of fluffs is 350 or more, especially 15 or more. A bulky and loose structure such as a smooth or pile structure is not preferable because sufficient anti-pilling properties cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the number of fluffs of 1 mm or more is less than 30, it becomes a spun yarn having a high degree of entanglement and a thin yarn diameter, and the anti-pill property is increased, but it is not preferable because it becomes a hard-textured fabric inferior in bulkiness. As a result, the ultraviolet shielding rate targeted by the present invention is lowered, and the visible light transmittance is increased, which is not preferable.
[0022]
In the fabric of the present invention, by using at least the above polyester spun yarn, the visible light transmittance at 380 to 780 nm is 40% or less, the 280 to 400 nm wavelength ultraviolet ray shielding rate is 84% or more, and pilling in the JIS L1076 A method is achieved. A polyester fiber-containing fabric having a tertiary or higher grade can be obtained. At that time, it is possible to have a structure in which a lot of these polyester fibers are used in the fabric surface layer part by blending, blending, knitting, knitting, knitting with other fibers, or these fibers may be used alone.
[0023]
In the dyeing process of the fabric of the present invention, as in the case of other polyester fibers, a normal dyeing process is performed after scouring. For normal polyester fibers, high pressure dyeing at 120 to 130 ° C. is used, and for cationic dyeable modified polyesters, high pressure dyeing is used from 98 to 120 ° C. under normal pressure. In the present invention, finishing can be performed without using an ultraviolet absorber in combination, but a lesser amount of ultraviolet absorber may be used in combination. For fabrics, it may be burned or sheared before dyeing or after dyeing as usual, and lightly alkalinized after dyeing and dyeing to improve fabric quality, anti-pill properties and texture. May be.
[0024]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples.
In each of Examples and Comparative Examples, a polyester resin having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.63 was used, and after spinning at a polymer temperature of 290 ° C. and a spinning speed of 1600 m / min, using Y-type profile, hollow and medium-use spinnerets, Stretching was performed at a speed of 140 m / min, a temperature of 112 ° C., and the stretching ratio was 2.34 for Y-shaped atypical long fibers, 2.84 for hollow long fibers (both round, triangular, and paddy), and 2.84 for solid long fibers. The test was carried out at 60 to obtain polyester short fibers each having a cut length of 38 mm and a crimp number of about 14 pieces / 25 mm.
[0025]
Bundling spinning was performed using a Murata vortex spinner MVS manufactured by Murata Machinery Co., Ltd., with a nozzle pressure of 0.45 MPa and a spinning speed of 350 m / min. However, in Example 5, only the spinning speed was 400 m / min, and in Comparative Example 6, only the spinning speed was 200 m / min. The ring spun yarn of Comparative Example 1 had a twist coefficient of 3.2, and 30 English cotton counts were obtained for all points. The smooth structure of the knitted fabric was 22 gauge, the loop length was 325 mm, and the number of wells was 100. The tengu was knitted with 28 gauge, the loop length of 275 mm, and the number of wells of 100. Further, the dough was opened, dried after wet treatment, and subjected to an intermediate set at 180 ° C. for 40 seconds. After that, both smooth and tempura are dyed in separate batches with a high-pressure liquid dyeing machine (130 ° C, 20 minutes, 0.8% omf of fluorescent disperse dye), reduced, washed, dehydrated and dried, then finished at 160 ° C for 60 seconds. Set.
[0026]
The measurement conditions for the knitted fabric are as shown below.
(1) Ultraviolet shielding rate and visible light transmittance / UV-3100PC integrating sphere accessory device ISR-3100 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation Integral sphere An inner diameter of 60 mmΦ (using an ultraviolet bandpass filter) was used and measured under the following conditions.
・ Standard white plate: Barium sulfate ・ Ultraviolet ray shielding rate Measurement wavelength: 280 nm to 400 nm
・ Visible light transmittance measurement wavelength: 380 nm to 780 nm
(2) Thickness of cloth: An average value per sheet was obtained by using a dial-type thickness meter to overlap two cloths and measuring the center of the cloth five times in the length direction.
(3) Pilling: Measured according to JIS L 1076 A method (determined by ICI type tester 5 hours).
(4) Evaluation of raw cotton and fabric: Evaluation was made in the following three stages.
○: Good, ○ △: Somewhat good, ×: Bad.
[0027]
The UV shielding rate and visible light transmittance of a fabric are generally the fiber polymer properties, fiber morphology (atypicality, cross-sectional shape, presence or absence of crimps, and number of crimps), inorganic particle type and content, single yarn fineness, yarn fineness. It depends on the twisted structure, the density, structure, thickness, hue, etc. of the structure.
Table 1 below shows evaluation results of the obtained fibers and fabrics using the fibers.
[0028]
[Table 1]

[0029]
In Examples 1 to 5, the number of fluff is small, and pilling is not less than 4-5 grade in the smooth tissue as well as the tengu, which is a satisfactory level. Moreover, compared with a comparative example, it has a fabric thickness (bulkness), a high ultraviolet shielding rate, and a low visible light transmittance. On the other hand, in Examples 3 and 4, although the amount of titanium oxide is slightly larger, the whiteness, and hence the color developability is not impaired, and a sufficient whiteness is obtained as compared with Comparative Example 5. Comparative Example 1 is excellent in both the ultraviolet shielding rate and the visible light transmittance, but has a lot of fluff, and particularly in a smooth tissue, the pilling is poor at 1-2 grade. Comparative Examples 2 to 5 have fewer fuzz and pilling of grade 3 or higher, but are both inferior in ultraviolet shielding rate and visible light transmittance. This is because the friction between the fibers and the metal is large, the fibers tend to be entangled, the apparent fiber diameter is thick, and the fabric thickness is inferior compared to Examples 1 to 5, which are likely to be bulky, and further due to the fiber form. It is thought that the low surface reflectance has an influence.
[0030]
In addition, Comparative Examples 2 to 5 in which the fiber cross section is round or low-profile, the Y-type fibers of Examples 1, 4 and 5 exhibited a soft texture with cushioning properties, whereas the thickness of the fabric was inferior, It was a fabric with a hard texture with a strong rough feeling. Example 5 had an increased number of fluffs compared to Example 1, but had a soft hand feeling similar to that of ring yarn, and the pilling was smooth and maintained grade 4 and was a level with sufficient performance. .
[0031]
In Comparative Example 6, the yarn speed at the time of spinning was low, but the number of fluff having a length of 1 mm or more was drastically reduced to 25, and anti-pilling property was improved as compared with other levels. However, since the degree of entanglement is strong, the texture becomes a hard texture with a crisp taste, which is completely different from the bulky and soft textures as seen in Examples 1 and 4, and the UV shielding rate is also different. The knitted fabric was reduced and the visible light transmittance was large.
[0032]
It was found that all of the examples had practical anti-pill properties and color developability, and had an ultraviolet shielding rate similar to that of a full dull yarn and an effect of preventing see-through. Bundling spinning has fewer fluffs and better anti-pilling properties compared to ring spinning, but it has a drawback of a hard texture that is different from ring yarn and its improvement is difficult, but it has a soft texture, The combination of the pill property, the ultraviolet shielding property, the see-through preventing property, the color developing property and the like satisfy only the constituent requirements of the present invention.
[0033]
Table 2 shows the evaluation results of anti-pilling properties when the spun yarns described in the Examples and Comparative Examples of Table 1 are used and the structure is made smooth.
[0034]
[Table 2]

[0035]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, without using a full-dal fiber, even a thin white fabric has little sense of sheer, has a high ultraviolet shielding rate, excellent water-absorbing quick-drying property and coloring property, and excellent without using a modified polyester fiber. It is possible to obtain a soft-textured polyester staple fiber-containing fabric having both anti-pilling properties at the same time.

Claims

Titanium oxide content is less than 1.0% by mass, and has three or more protrusions present on the fiber circumference in the fiber length direction, and the fiber cross-section irregularity (the circumscribed circle relative to the inscribed circle) The ratio of the number of fluffs per 10 m length of the air-entangled spun yarn is comprised of air-entangled spun yarns containing high-polymorphic polyester short fibers having a ratio of 1.8 or more or hollow polyester short fibers having a hollow ratio of 8% or more. The length of 1 mm or more is 30 or more and less than 350, the length of 3 mm or more is less than 15, and the pilling in the JIS L 1076 A method is grade 3 or more, the ultraviolet shielding rate is 84% or more, and the visible light transmittance is A polyester short fiber-containing fabric characterized by being 40% or less.

Titanium oxide content is less than 1.0% by mass, and has three or more protrusions present on the fiber circumference in the fiber length direction, and the fiber cross-section irregularity (the circumscribed circle relative to the inscribed circle) the hollow polyester staple fibers are air entangled yarn containing, and yarn length fluff number length per 10m of the spun yarn ratio) of the degree of polyester staple fibers or hollow least 8% ratio of 1.8 or more high atypical The method for producing a short polyester fiber-containing fabric according to claim 1, wherein air entangled spun yarn having a length of 1 mm or more and 30 or more and less than 350 and a length of 3 mm or more and less than 15 is used as a constituent yarn of the fabric.