JP4142692B2 - Battery arrangement structure of work vehicle - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a battery arrangement structure for a work vehicle that includes a vehicle body frame that is mounted on a traveling body, and a work device that is mounted on the vehicle body frame or a swivel base that is swingably mounted on the vehicle body frame. About.

  As a work vehicle as described above, for example, a work vehicle capable of excavating the ground such as a backhoe (see Patent Document 1) is supported on a traveling body so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis. A working device (power shovel device) having a swivel base and having a swingable boom is attached to the front part of the swivel base. The rear part of the swivel base is provided with an engine room that is covered with a bonnet and accommodates the engine. Along with the engine, a radiator, an oil cooler, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic oil tank that stores hydraulic oil for hydraulic equipment, a swivel A turning motor for turning the table is provided. Further, a counterweight is provided at the rear of the swivel to balance the weight with the work device attached to the front of the swivel.

Conventionally, the power source of a work vehicle as described above is an engine, and a traveling body is driven by the engine, and a hydraulic pump that supplies hydraulic pressure for operating a power shovel device, a swing motor, and the like is driven by the engine. It is configured. In recent years, in consideration of the influence on the surrounding environment such as not emitting exhaust gas and low noise, there is also a type in which a hydraulic pump is driven by an electric motor instead of an engine to operate a working device. In this case, electric power is supplied by connecting an electric motor provided in the swivel base to a commercial power source or a generator via a power cable.
JP-A-2005-273145

  However, in the electric motor type work vehicle as described above, it is necessary to install a commercial power source or a generator nearby, and it is difficult to operate the working device if there is no such nearby. . In addition, since the power cable is connected to the work vehicle, the range in which the work vehicle can move is determined by the length of the power cable, and the work range of the work vehicle is limited. Furthermore, there is a risk that the power cable may be disconnected due to tension applied to the power cable during the work.

  For this reason, it is conceivable to use a battery instead of a commercial power source or a generator as a power supply source for the electric motor. However, in this case, there are the following problems. That is, as the working time becomes longer, a large-capacity battery is necessary to ensure the operation of the electric motor for a long time, so the volume and weight of the battery mounted in the swivel base inevitably increase. When the volume of the battery increases, the space for mounting inside the swivel is limited, and even if space can be secured, the weight is large, so the center of gravity of the swivel is biased to ensure the stability of the vehicle body of the work vehicle Difficult to do. Furthermore, when the weight of the battery is large, it is necessary to increase the strength of the swivel base, and it is difficult to replace the battery.

  In view of the problems as described above, the present invention provides a battery arrangement structure for a work vehicle in which batteries arranged in a well-balanced manner while effectively using the space inside the swivel are mounted inside the swivel. Objective.

In order to solve the above problems, a battery arrangement structure of a work vehicle (for example, the backhoe 1 in the embodiment) according to the present invention includes a vehicle body frame mounted on a traveling body (for example, the traveling device 5 in the embodiment), A working device (for example, the boom 25 in the embodiment) attached to a swivel provided on the frame or the vehicle body frame so as to be capable of swiveling, and electric power for operating the work device that is provided inside the vehicle body frame or the swivel stand. A battery arrangement structure in a work vehicle having a battery to be supplied, wherein a curved surface portion is formed on the outer periphery of the vehicle body frame or the swivel base, and the battery is located at a position on the curved surface side inside the vehicle body frame or the swivel base. It consists of a structure in which a plurality of bag-shaped cells are arranged in line with the shape of the curved surface part in the battery storage part located Battery storage portion has substantially the same radius of curvature of the shape and the curved surface portion in the longitudinal, the plurality of bag-like cells, each have a square sheet-like structure, and a cell having flexibility There is .
In addition, a plurality of cells having a quadrangular sheet-like structure may be arranged so as to be bent in accordance with the shape of the curved surface portion.
Further, the plurality of cells having the rectangular sheet-like structure may be configured to extend in the front-rear direction in the battery storage unit and to be arranged side by side.

  Further, in the battery arrangement structure of the work vehicle having the above-described configuration, the battery has a counterweight in the battery storage portion that is formed on the rear surface of the vehicle body frame or the swivel base and is located at the rear end side inside the vehicle body frame or the swivel base. Is preferably provided.

  Furthermore, in the battery arrangement structure of the work vehicle configured as described above, a battery storage opening that opens toward the battery storage portion is formed in the curved surface portion of the vehicle body frame or the swivel base, and the battery is inserted into and extracted from the battery storage opening. preferable.

  Moreover, in the battery arrangement structure of the work vehicle having the above configuration, the battery is preferably a lithium ion battery.

  According to the battery arrangement structure of the work vehicle related to the present invention, the battery is arranged so as to effectively use the space inside the vehicle body frame or inside the swivel base in accordance with the shape of the curved surface portion of the vehicle body frame or swivel stand of the work vehicle. Therefore, it is possible to secure a wider space for arranging devices necessary for operating a working device such as a hydraulic pump and an electric motor than in the past. In addition, if the battery arranged in this way is stored as a counterweight in the battery storage portion located at the rear end side position of the vehicle body frame or swivel, the work device attached to the front of the vehicle body frame or swivel It is possible to properly balance the weight. For this reason, it is no longer necessary to secure a counterweight arrangement space, which is conventionally required separately from the battery, in the body frame or the swivel base, and accordingly, a large space for arranging equipment such as a hydraulic pump and an electric motor is secured. Is possible. Further, since the battery storage opening that opens toward the battery storage portion is formed, it is possible to easily perform battery maintenance using the battery storage opening.

  Also, by using a lithium ion battery as the battery, the volume that can supply the same voltage as the lead battery conventionally used as a work vehicle battery is small, so the battery can be placed inside the body frame or inside the swivel. It is possible to reduce the occupied sbase, and accordingly, it is possible to secure a wide space for arranging a hydraulic pump, an electric motor, and the like. Furthermore, since the lithium ion battery is lighter than the lead battery, the replacement work can be easily performed, and charging can be performed in a short time.

  Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As a working vehicle of the present embodiment, a backhoe used when excavating the ground or moving excavated soil or the like will be described as an example. As shown in FIG. 1, the backhoe 1 includes a traveling carriage 7 having a traveling apparatus 5 having a pair of left and right crawler belts 3, and a turntable 11 that is turnably provided on the traveling carriage 7 and constitutes a vehicle body frame. And a power shovel device 20 pivotally connected to the front portion of the swivel base 11 and an operator cabin 15 provided on the upper part of the swivel base 11.

  The swivel base 11 can be swiveled by a swivel motor 37 attached thereto. The power shovel device 20 includes a boom 25 whose base end is pivotally connected to the lower front end of the swivel base 11 and swingable up and down, and an arm 27 pivotally connected to the tip of the boom 25 and swingable up and down. And a bucket 29 pivotally pivoted up and down at the tip of the arm 27. The boom 25 can be raised and lowered by a boom cylinder 31 pivotally connected between the lower front end of the swivel base 11 and the lower surface of the boom 25, and the arm 27 is pivoted between the upper surface of the boom 25 and the base of the arm 27. 33 can bend and extend, and the bucket 29 can swing up and down by a bucket cylinder 35 pivotally connected between the upper surface of the arm 27 and the base of the bucket 29.

  In the operator cabin 15, an operator seat 17 on which an unillustrated operator sits facing the power shovel device 20 is provided. A pair of travel operation levers 8 and 8 for operating driving of the left and right crawler belts 3 are provided at the end of the bottom plate 16 in the operator cabin 15 and on the front side of the operator seat 17 in the front-rear direction (the power shovel device 20 side). ing. On the left and right sides of the operator seat 17 are arranged operating devices 21 for operating the drive of the power shovel device 20. The operating device 21 has a left operating lever 21a and a right operating lever 21b, and these operating levers 21a and 21b are configured to be tiltable forward, backward, left and right.

  When the left operating lever 21a is tilted forward in the front-rear direction, the arm 27 bends and extends upward, and when the left operating lever 21a is tilted back in the front-rear direction, the arm 27 bends and extends downward. When the lever 21a is tilted to the left in the left-right direction, the swivel base 11 turns left, and when the left operation lever 21a is tilted to the right in the left-right direction, the swivel base 11 turns right. . On the other hand, when the right operating lever 21b is tilted forward in the front-rear direction, the boom 25 is tilted down, and when the right operating lever 21b is tilted back in the front-rear direction, the boom 25 is lifted up, and the right operating lever The bucket 29 is configured to excavate when the left side 21b is tilted to the left in the left-right direction, and the bucket 29 is dumped when the right control lever 21b is tilted to the right in the left-right direction.

  Further, the operating device 21 is configured so that the left operating lever 21a and the right operating lever 21b can be tilted in an oblique direction. For example, when the left operating lever 21a is tilted to the right front side, the swivel base 11 is rotated clockwise. The arm 27 is configured to rotate and bend and extend upward.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the controller 90 provided inside the swivel base 11 and controls the overall operation of the power shovel device 20 receives an operation signal output from the operation device 21 when operating the operation device 21, and controls hydraulic pressure. A control signal is output to the valve 80, and the hydraulic control valve 80 controls the supply and discharge of hydraulic oil to and from the boom cylinder 31 and the like based on the control signal from the controller 90. When a control signal is output from the controller 90, the hydraulic control valve 80 hydraulically controls the supply and discharge of hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 14 that can be driven by the driving force of the electric motor 13 disposed on the swivel base 11. The control valve 80 performs the pivoting movement of the swivel base 11, the boom 25 is raised and lowered, the arm 27 is bent and extended, and the bucket 29 is operated.

  The hydraulic control valve 80 includes a turning control valve 87 corresponding to the turning motor 37 for turning the turntable 11, a boom control valve 81 corresponding to the boom cylinder 31 for raising and lowering the boom 25, and an arm cylinder 33 for bending and extending the arm 27. And the bucket control valve 85 corresponding to the bucket cylinder 35 that operates the bucket 29. The supply and discharge control of the hydraulic fluid flowing to the boom cylinder 31 and the like is performed by controlling the valve opening degrees of the boom control valve 81, the arm control valve 83, the bucket control valve 85, and the turning control valve 87 in the hydraulic control valve 80. Done. The boom 25 is raised and lowered by the expansion and contraction of the boom cylinder 31, the arm 27 is bent and extended by the expansion and contraction of the arm cylinder 33, and the bucket 29 is scraped and discharged by the expansion and contraction of the bucket cylinder 35.

  Here, the structure of the turntable 11 and the example of arrangement | positioning of the various apparatuses arrange | positioned in the inside are demonstrated. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the swivel base 11 includes a base board 19, a main cover 41, a side cover 42, and a lower cover 43, and the devices arranged on the base board 19 are the main cover 41 and the like. Covered by. The main cover 41 has a curved surface portion 41a, extends from below the operator seat 17 toward the rear end portion of the swivel base 11, and the curved surface portion 41a constitutes the rear end portion of the swivel base 11. Thus, the battery storage unit 12 that can store the battery 50 located on the curved surface 41a side inside the swivel base 11 is covered. Further, the side cover 42 extends forward and backward on both left and right sides of the swivel base 11, and the lower cover 43 extends to the left and right below the main cover 41 at the rear part of the swivel base 11.

  The swivel base 11 has a substantially U-shape in plan view with a curved surface formed on the rear end side, and swivels around the swivel axis X via a swivel bearing 18 on the travel carriage 7 of the travel device 5. It is supported freely. A rotary joint 18a supported by the traveling carriage 7 of the traveling device 5 is disposed at the center of the slewing bearing 18, and hydraulic oil from the hydraulic control valve 80 on the swivel base 11 passes through the rotary joint 18a. Thus, it is configured to be supplied to a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic motor and the like on the traveling device 5 side.

  A battery storage unit 12 is provided in a middle part (center side) in the left-right direction at the rear end of the swivel base 11, and a battery 50 is disposed in the battery storage unit 12 so as to extend in the left-right direction. The battery storage unit 12 is covered with the main cover 41 as described above. The battery 50 is a lithium ion battery, and can be pulled out and inserted in the front-rear direction with respect to the swivel base 11 by a slide mechanism 60 described later. Further, since the battery 50 is located at the rear end portion of the swivel base 11 and in the center in the left-right direction, the battery 50 can be balanced with the work device attached to the front part of the swivel base. In addition, the battery 50 itself has a role as a counterweight.

  Below the battery 50, an oil cooler 71 having a heat radiating portion for cooling the hydraulic oil for operating the boom cylinder 31 and the like and capable of circulating the hydraulic oil is disposed. On the back side of the oil cooler 71, there is provided a cooling fan 72 that is actuated by an electric motor for driving a cooling fan (not shown) that is driven by power supplied from the battery 50. The cooling fan 72 is a heat radiating portion of the oil cooler 71. By blowing cold air toward the heat exchanger, heat exchange of the hydraulic oil performed in the heat radiating portion of the oil cooler 71 is helped.

  Further, behind the oil cooler 71, an electric motor 13 that is driven by power supplied from the battery 50 is disposed horizontally in the left-right direction (the longitudinal direction of the motor shaft coincides with the left-right direction of the turntable 11). The hydraulic oil that is driven by the electric motor 13 and supplies hydraulic oil for operating hydraulic equipment such as the swing motor 37, the boom cylinder 31, the arm cylinder 33, or the bucket cylinder 35 is disposed on the left side of the electric motor 13. A pump 14 is attached. The electric motor 13, the hydraulic pump 14, and the oil cooler 71 are all covered with the lower cover 43.

  A hydraulic oil tank 73 for storing hydraulic oil for operating the hydraulic equipment is disposed in the lower part inside the swivel base 11 and on the right side, and the swivel drive is disposed in the lower part inside the swivel base 11 and at the front end. A hydraulic control valve 80 including a control valve 81 is provided. Further, a turning motor 37 is disposed below the swivel base 11 and obliquely below and to the right of the operator seat 17.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the hydraulic control valve 80, the hydraulic oil tank 73, the swing motor 37, the electric motor 13 and the hydraulic pump 14, and the oil cooler 71 are arranged in this order from the front end to the rear end of the swivel base 11. Has been placed. Among these, the hydraulic control valve 80, the hydraulic oil tank 73, and the turning motor 37 are covered with the side cover 42, and the electric motor 13, the hydraulic pump 14, and the oil cooler 71 are covered with the lower cover 43.

  In the present invention, the arrangement configuration of the devices inside the swivel base 11 is not limited to the above. For example, the battery 50 is covered with the lower cover 43 at the rear end portion inside the swivel base 11 and at the lower part. The electric motor 13 and the hydraulic pump 14 may be arranged vertically in front of the battery 50, and the hydraulic oil tank 73, the hydraulic control valve 80, the oil cooler 71, etc. may be further arranged in front of the battery 50, If the battery 50 is arranged inside the swivel base 11 and at the rear end portion, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which the arrangement order of other devices is appropriately changed and arranged.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a battery storage opening 44 is formed in the curved surface portion 41 a constituting the rear end portion of the swivel base 11, and the battery storage opening 44 is arranged in parallel on the left and right at the upper opening end of the battery storage opening 44. By the hinges 49, 49, the storage lid 48 that can swing up and down and forms a part of the curved surface portion 41 a can be opened by swinging upward (the lower opening end of the battery storage opening 44. Further, a hinge 49 may be provided side by side to swing the storage lid 48 downward). Then, by removing the battery 50 back and forth through the battery storage opening 44 with the battery storage opening 44 opened, the battery 50 is taken out and stored in the battery storage unit 12 covered with the upper cover 41. be able to.

  The box-shaped drawer portion 45 in which the battery 50 is accommodated and opened upward has front and rear surfaces that are substantially arc-shaped so as to match the shape of the curved surface portion 41a. On the rear surface, a pair of left and right handles 46, 46 that can be handled by an operator are formed. In the drawer 45, a plurality of cylindrical batteries 50, 50,... (A plurality of cells) are arranged vertically and stored in two front and rear rows. Also, hook-shaped lock levers 47, 47 that can be engaged with a lever locking portion (not shown) provided in the battery storage portion 12 are attached to the left and right ends of the front side of the drawer portion 45 so as to extend back and forth. ing. The lock lever 47 can be engaged and disengaged so as to be interlocked with a release operation of a lock release unit (not shown) provided on the handle 46.

  As described above, the drawer portion 45 has curved surfaces on the front and rear sides thereof so as to conform to the shape of the curved surface portion 41a at the rear end of the swivel base 11, but if a large number of batteries 50 having a small diameter are accommodated in the drawer portion 45, (If a large number of cells are accommodated), the battery 50 can be closely accommodated in the drawer portion 45 in accordance with any curvature of the front and back surfaces of the drawer portion 45. The battery 50 is a lithium ion battery and has a volume smaller than that of a lead battery conventionally used as a battery for a work vehicle. Therefore, the sbase occupied by the battery can be reduced. A wide space for arranging the electric motor or the like can be secured. Furthermore, since the lithium ion battery is lighter than the lead battery, the replacement work can be easily performed, and charging can be performed in a short time.

  The slide mechanism 60 that moves the box-shaped drawer 45 that houses the battery 50 back and forth is configured as follows. As shown in FIG. 5, the slide mechanism 60 is attached to both the left and right ends on the back side of the drawer portion 45, and has a pair of beam-like rails 61, 61 extending substantially horizontally in the front-rear direction. And a pair of rollers 62a and 62b that rotate in the front-rear direction while abutting the lower surface of each rail 61, 61, and a front-rear direction while abutting the upper surface of each rail 61, 61. , Rotating rollers 65, 65,..., Front stoppers 63, 63 provided so as to extend vertically at the front ends of the rails 61, 61, and vertically extending at the rear ends of the rails 61, 61. The rear stoppers 64 and 64 are provided.

  Here, the case where the maintenance of the battery 50 stored in the battery storage unit 12 having the above-described configuration is performed will be described. The battery maintenance referred to here means replacement of the battery 50. The maintenance of the battery 50 is performed in such a manner that the operator holds the handle 46 provided in the drawer portion 45 and opens the storage lid 48 and swings upward to release the lock lever 47 by the lock release portion. Then, the drawer portion 45 is pulled forward until the front surface of the rear stopper 64 contacts the roller 62b. At this time, the battery 50 is exposed from the battery storage unit 12, so that the battery 50 can be replaced. Since the rails 61 and 61 are both sandwiched between the lower rollers 62a and 62b and the upper rollers 65 and 65, the pull-out portion 45 pulled out by the operator pulling the handle 46 is used as the swivel base 11. So that it doesn't fall out of.

  After the replacement work of the battery 50 is completed, the drawer portion 45 is pushed into the battery housing portion 12 while the handle 46 is being held until the back surface of the front stopper 63 contacts the roller 62a. When the roller 62a is brought into contact with the front stopper 63 and the hook-shaped lock lever 47 is engaged with a lever locking portion (not shown), the drawer portion 45 is closed and locked so as not to be pulled out. Then, the series of maintenance work is completed by swinging the storage lid 48 downward and closing the battery storage opening 44, and it is possible to shift to excavation work or the like.

  Note that the scope of the present invention is not necessarily limited to the above-described embodiment. For example, in the above embodiment, the battery 50 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, but is not limited thereto, and may be as follows. FIG. 6 shows a battery 50 ′ that replaces the substantially cylindrical battery 50. The battery 50 ′ is formed of a bag-shaped cell in which an electrolytic solution is sealed, and a large number of the bag-shaped batteries 50 ′ are arranged before and after the drawer portion 45. The drawer portion 45 is configured by a curved front and rear surface according to the shape of the rear end portion of the swivel base 11, but the battery 50 ′ is flexible. Even if the front and back surfaces have any curvature, it is possible to tightly accommodate a large number of batteries 50 ′ in the drawer 45 by bending each battery 50 ′ accordingly. Alternatively, when the above-described bag-shaped battery 50 ′ is used as the battery, as shown in FIG. 7, the battery 50 ′ may be arranged side by side on the left and right of the drawer portion 45 and accommodated in the drawer portion 45.

  Moreover, although the backhoe 1 has been described as an example of the work vehicle of the above embodiment, the work vehicle according to the present invention is not limited to this, and may be an aerial work vehicle, a mobile crane, a forklift, a loader, or the like. For example, in an aerial work vehicle, a swivel base is provided on a body frame, and a work device such as a boom is attached to the swivel base, and constitutes a driving force generator provided inside the body frame. The arrangement of the devices may be as in the above embodiment. Further, for example, in a forklift, a working device made of a fork or the like is attached to the front part of the body frame, but the arrangement of the devices constituting the driving force generating part provided inside the body frame is the above embodiment. It may be as follows.

1 is a perspective view of a work vehicle according to the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the hydraulic equipment etc. which were provided in the said work vehicle. It is a top view of the turntable provided in the said work vehicle. It is a side view of the turntable provided in the work vehicle. It is a perspective view which shows the battery storage part periphery provided in the said working vehicle and storing a battery. It is a perspective view which shows the battery storage part periphery of the state which accommodated the battery of the form different from the said battery side by side in the drawer part. It is a perspective view which shows the battery storage part periphery of the state which accommodated the battery of the form as shown in FIG. 6 side by side in the drawer part.

Explanation of symbols

1 Backhoe (work vehicle)
5 Traveling device (traveling body)
8 Traveling control lever 11 Swivel table 12 Battery storage unit 13 Electric motor (driving force generation unit)
14 Hydraulic pump (driving force generator)
20 Excavator device (working device)
21 Operating device 25 Boom (working device)
27 Arm (Working device)
29 bucket (working equipment)
31 Boom cylinder 33 Arm cylinder 35 Bucket cylinder 37 Rotating motor 41 Main cover 41a Curved surface 44 Battery storage opening 45 Drawer 47 Lock lever 50, 50 'Battery (driving force generator)
60 Slide mechanism 61 Rails 62a, 62b, 65 Roller 63 Front stopper 64 Rear stopper 71 Oil cooler 72 Cooling fan 73 Hydraulic oil tank 80 Hydraulic control valve

Claims (6)

A vehicle body frame mounted on the traveling body, a work device attached to the vehicle body frame or a swivel mounted on the vehicle body frame so as to be capable of swiveling, and the work mounted on the vehicle body frame or the swivel base. A battery arrangement structure in a work vehicle having a battery for supplying electric power for operating the device,
A curved surface portion is formed on the outer periphery of the body frame or the swivel,
The battery has a structure in which a plurality of bag-shaped cells are arranged in line with the shape of the curved surface portion in a battery storage portion located at a position on the curved surface side in the body frame or the swivel base. The
The battery storage portion has a shape with substantially the same radius of curvature as the curved surface portion in the front and rear,
The battery arrangement structure for a work vehicle, wherein each of the plurality of bag-like cells has a rectangular sheet-like structure and is a flexible cell . 2. The battery arrangement structure for a work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of cells having the quadrilateral sheet-like structure are arranged in a shape bent according to the shape of the curved surface portion. 2. The work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of cells having the quadrangular sheet-like structure extend in the front-rear direction and are arranged side by side in the battery storage portion. Battery arrangement structure. The curved surface portion is formed on the rear surface of the vehicle body frame or the swivel base, and the battery is provided as a counterweight in the battery storage portion located at a position on the rear end side in the vehicle body frame or the swivel base. The battery arrangement structure of the work vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . The battery housing opening that opens toward the battery housing portion is formed in the curved surface portion of the vehicle body frame or the swivel base, and the battery is inserted and withdrawn from the battery housing opening. The battery arrangement structure of the work vehicle in any one of 4 . The battery arrangement structure for a work vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the battery is a lithium ion battery.

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