JP4138782B2 - Liquid crystal device and electronic device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device and an electronic apparatus.

  As a method for driving a liquid crystal device mounted on an electronic device such as a portable terminal, a method (lateral electric field method) in which an electric field in the substrate plane direction is applied to a liquid crystal layer to control alignment of liquid crystal molecules is known. The horizontal electric field method includes, for example, an IPS (In-Plane Switching) method in which electrodes are provided in the same layer and a voltage is applied on one plane, or an FFS in which electrodes are provided in different layers and a voltage is applied between electrodes having steps. (Fringe-Field Switching) method (for example, see Patent Document 1).

In order to save energy by utilizing external light in a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device, for example, a reflective or transflective liquid crystal device in which a reflective layer is provided with a metal having a high light reflectance such as aluminum is proposed. Has been issued.
JP 2004-279793 A

On the other hand, in order to enable bright display in a reflective or transflective liquid crystal device, it is required to obtain a higher reflectance in the reflective layer. In particular, since a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal device has a wide viewing angle, it is necessary to sufficiently emit light at a wide angle.
In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal device and an electronic apparatus that can obtain a high reflectance in a reflective layer and can display brightly.

In order to achieve the above object, a liquid crystal device according to a main aspect of the present invention is provided on the liquid crystal layer side of the first substrate, the first substrate and the second substrate arranged to face each other with the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. In a liquid crystal device including a first electrode and a second electrode, and driving the liquid crystal layer by an electric field generated between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode are planar. And a dielectric is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the dielectric includes a reflective layer made of a cholesteric layer.

  Here, the “cholesteric liquid crystal layer” means a layer composed of at least one kind of cholesteric liquid crystal layer, and has a property of selectively reflecting / transmitting circularly polarized light having a predetermined wavelength / rotation direction. Yes. Specifically, it reflects circularly polarized light having a wavelength having the same length as that obtained by multiplying the helical pitch of the liquid crystal molecules constituting itself by the refractive index and having the same winding direction and rotation direction. In addition, even if it has a wavelength that is the same as the length obtained by multiplying the helical pitch of the liquid crystal molecules that compose itself by the refractive index, circularly polarized light whose rotational direction is different from the spiral winding direction is not reflected. To Penetrate. It is also possible to reflect a part of circularly polarized light having a predetermined rotation direction and transmit a part thereof.

  The major difference between the conventional reflective layer using a metal film or the like and the reflective layer of the present invention using a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is that the rotation direction of circularly polarized light is reversed when reflecting in the case of a reflective layer made of a metal film. is there. In other words, when right circularly polarized light is reflected, it changes to left circularly polarized light, whereas in the case of a reflective layer using cholesteric liquid crystal, the rotation direction of circularly polarized light does not change during reflection, and even if right circularly polarized light is reflected, Will remain.

  In the configuration of the present invention, since the reflective layer is formed of such a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, it is possible to obtain a higher reflectance than a metal such as aluminum, and a bright display is possible. In the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, both the reflection mode and the transmission mode can be performed. In order to realize a transflective display using a metal such as aluminum, for example, it is necessary to provide an opening for transmitting light in a part of an aluminum film. For this purpose, patterning must be performed. In the embodiment, the cholesteric liquid crystal itself can perform both the reflection mode and the transmission mode even when the reflection layer is provided in the entire sub-pixel region, so that there is no need for patterning and the manufacturing can be easily performed. There is also.

  In addition, when the liquid crystal device has a plurality of sub-pixel regions, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer having a constant spiral pitch is provided in one sub-pixel region, so that each sub-pixel region has one of three colors of red, green, and blue. One color is reflected and the color is displayed. Thus, when the reflective layer is a cholesteric layer, there is an advantage that it is possible to display light of three colors from the sub-pixel region without providing a color filter.

In the present invention, a dielectric is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the dielectric may include a reflective layer made of a cholesteric layer. In a so-called FFS mode liquid crystal device, a cholesteric layer that is a dielectric is provided between a layer provided with the first electrode and a layer provided with the second electrode, so that the first electrode, the second electrode, There is no need to separately form an insulating film between them, and the manufacturing becomes easy and the cost can be reduced accordingly.

Moreover, it is preferable that the reflective layer is provided with irregularities on the surface opposite to the liquid crystal.
According to the present invention, since the incident light can be scattered by the unevenness provided on the surface of the reflective layer, the display can be brightened.

In the present invention, a sub-pixel region serving as a minimum unit of display may be provided, and the reflective layer may be provided in all parts of the sub-pixel region. In that case, the cholesteric reflective layer can cover the entire sub-pixel region regardless of the position of the electrode. Thereby, light can be reflected in the wide range of a dot area | region, and the utilization efficiency of light can be improved.

In the present invention, a sub-pixel region serving as a minimum unit of display is provided, the reflective layer is provided in a part of the sub-pixel region, and an insulating layer made of a transparent material in the other part of the sub-pixel region. May be provided. In that case, the dielectric constants of the reflective layer and the transmissive layer can be set separately, and the liquid crystal in the reflective region and the liquid crystal in the transmissive region can be driven separately. Thereby, the drive can be optimized.

An electronic apparatus according to another aspect of the present invention includes the above-described liquid crystal device.
According to the configuration of the present invention, since the liquid crystal device capable of obtaining a high reflectance in the reflective layer and capable of displaying brightly is mounted, in any environment regardless of whether it is a bright place or a dark place. In addition, an electronic device with good display can be obtained.

(First embodiment)
A first embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each of the following drawings, the scale is appropriately changed for each layer and each member so that each layer and each member can be recognized on the drawing.

  FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a liquid crystal device 1 of the present invention. The liquid crystal device 1 described in the present embodiment is an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) type. In the present embodiment, the transflective liquid crystal device is capable of using light from a backlight (see reference numeral 130 in FIG. 2) as display light and reflecting external light to display light. Thus, an active matrix type using a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) element as a switching element.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the liquid crystal device 1 according to the present embodiment, a pair of element substrate (first substrate) 110 and counter substrate (second substrate) 120 are bonded together by an ultraviolet curable sealant 52, The liquid crystal layer 50 is sealed and held in the region partitioned by the sealing material 52. The sealing material 52 is formed in an annular shape (frame shape) closed within the substrate surface. In a region surrounded by the seal material 52, a display region 111 for displaying an image, a moving image, or the like is provided. In the display area 111, sub-pixel areas 114 are provided in a matrix. The sub-pixel region 114 constitutes one sub-pixel that is the minimum display unit of the display region 111.

  In the planar configuration shown in FIG. 1, the outer dimension of the element substrate 110 is larger than that of the counter substrate 120. At the peripheral edge of the element substrate 110, an overhang region 90 is formed to protrude from one end (the lower side in FIG. 1) of the counter substrate 120. A first drive circuit 61 and a second drive circuit 62 for driving the sub-pixel region 114 formed on the element substrate 110 side are mounted on the overhang region 90. Each of the drive circuits 61 and 62 is provided with an external connection terminal (not shown) so that a display control signal or the like can be received from an external device connected to the liquid crystal device 1.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1 and shows a cross section in one sub-pixel region. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a planar configuration of the display region 111 of the element substrate 110.
As shown in FIG. 2, the element substrate 110 provided on the backlight 130 side is provided with a common electrode (first electrode) 42 formed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO on the substrate body 110A. ing. Further, the reflective layer 25 and the insulating layer 26 are provided in the same layer so as to cover the common electrode 42. The configuration of the reflective layer 25 will be described later in detail. The insulating layer 26 is made of a transparent material such as polyimide resin.

  A region where the reflective layer 25 is provided is a reflective display region that reflects and displays external light L1 (not shown). Further, the region where the insulating layer 26 is provided is a transmissive display region in which the light L2 (not shown) of the backlight 130 is transmitted and displayed. On the layer including the reflective layer 25 and the insulating layer 26, for example, a pixel electrode (second electrode) 48 formed of a transparent conductive material such as ITO, a wiring (not shown), and the like are formed.

  Further, the planar configuration of the element substrate 110 will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, in the sub-pixel region 114, the data line 6a, the scanning line 3a, and the scanning line 3a extend in parallel with the scanning line 3a. Capacitor line 3b is formed. A TFT 30 is provided in the vicinity of the intersection of the data line 6a and the scanning line 3a. The TFT 30 includes a semiconductor layer 35 made of amorphous silicon partially formed in a planar region of the scanning line 3a, a source electrode 6b formed partially overlapping the semiconductor layer 35, and a drain electrode 132. ing. The scanning line 3 a functions as a gate electrode of the TFT 30 at a position overlapping the semiconductor layer 35 in plan view. The common electrode 42 is provided in a solid state over the entire image display area. The pixel electrode 48 is provided so as to have a comb-teeth shape in plan view. Specifically, a contact portion 48a, a base end portion 48b connected to the contact portion 48a and extending in the X-axis direction, and four strip electrodes 48c extending from the base end portion 48b to the Y side, have. The common electrode 42 and the pixel electrode 48 are disposed so as to overlap in a plane.

  The source electrode 6b of the TFT 30 is formed in a substantially L shape in plan view that extends from the data line 6a and extends to the semiconductor layer 35, and the drain electrode 132 is formed integrally with a capacitor electrode 131 that is substantially rectangular in plan view. ing. A contact portion 48a of the pixel electrode 48 is extended and disposed on the capacitor electrode 131, and the capacitor electrode 131 and the pixel electrode 48 are electrically connected via a pixel contact hole 45 provided at a position overlapping in a plane. Connected. The capacitor electrode 131 is disposed in the plane region of the capacitor line 3b, and a storage capacitor 70 having the capacitor electrode 131 and the capacitor line 3b facing each other in the thickness direction is formed at the position.

  Returning to FIG. 2, the color filter layer 22 is formed on the counter substrate 120 on the liquid crystal layer side of the substrate body 120 </ b> A that is a base. For example, one color layer of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) is provided for each sub-pixel region 114 in the color filter layer 22. Three color layers are provided as one set, and one pixel is constituted by such three sub-pixels.

A λ / 4 retardation plate 27 is attached to the outer surface of the substrate body 120A (opposite to the liquid crystal layer 50), and a polarizing plate 28 is attached to the outer surface of the λ / 4 retardation plate 27. Is pasted. The polarizing plate 28 transmits linearly polarized light in one direction out of the light incident on the liquid crystal device 1. The λ / 4 retardation plate 27 converts linearly polarized light that has passed through the polarizing plate 28 into circularly polarized light.
A λ / 4 phase difference plate 29 is attached to the outer surface of the substrate body 110A (opposite to the liquid crystal layer 50), and the polarizing plate 30 is attached to the outer surface of the λ / 4 phase difference plate 29. Is pasted. The polarizing plate 30 transmits linearly polarized light in one direction out of the light from the backlight 130. The λ / 4 retardation plate 29 converts linearly polarized light that has passed through the polarizing plate 28 into circularly polarized light.
In this embodiment, for both the counter substrate 120 side and the element substrate 110 side, the transmission axes of the polarizing plates 28 and 30 are set in a direction parallel to the paper surface of FIG. 15, and the linearly polarized light in this direction is λ / 4 phase difference. It is assumed that right circularly polarized light is emitted when it is incident on the plates 27 and 29.

The liquid crystal layer 50 reverses the polarity (rotation direction) of the circularly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal layer 50 depending on whether or not a selective electric field is applied.
For example, it has a phase difference of λ / 2 (λ: wavelength of incident light) with liquid crystal molecules lying down when a non-selection voltage is applied (when the liquid crystal is off). When the liquid crystal is off, when the right circularly polarized light is incident on the liquid crystal layer 50, the liquid crystal layer 50 is changed to left circularly polarized light after passing through the liquid crystal layer 50. Further, when left circularly polarized light is incident on the liquid crystal layer 50, it changes to right circularly polarized light after transmission.
On the other hand, when the selection voltage is applied (when the liquid crystal is on), the phase difference becomes zero when the liquid crystal molecules are standing. When the liquid crystal is on, the polarity (rotation direction) of circularly polarized light does not change.

Here, the configuration of the reflective layer 25 will be described. The reflection layer 25 is composed of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer. As shown in FIG. 3, when the liquid crystal device 1 is viewed in plan from the substrate side, for example, the reflection layer 25 is provided in a substantially lower half region of the subpixel region 114 in the drawing. ing. The cholesteric liquid crystal layer reflects a part of circularly polarized light having a predetermined rotation direction and transmits a part thereof. In this embodiment, for example, 80% of clockwise circularly polarized light (hereinafter referred to as right circularly polarized light) is reflected and 20% is transmitted. In the case of the reflective layer 25 using a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, the rotation direction of the circularly polarized light does not change at the time of reflection, and the right circularly polarized light remains as it is even when the right circularly polarized light is reflected.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, irregularities 25 a are formed on the surface of the reflective layer 25 on the substrate body 110 </ b> A side, and light is scattered by the reflective layer 25. The unevenness 25a can be formed on the base of the reflective layer 25, for example.

  Next, the display principles of the reflective display mode and the transmissive display mode in the liquid crystal device 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the liquid crystal device 1. In the figure, the common electrode 42 and the pixel electrode 48 are omitted for easy understanding. The transmission axes of the polarizing plate 28 and the polarizing plate 30 are parallel to the paper surface.

First, the display principle in the reflective display area will be described.
When displaying in the reflection mode, external light enters the liquid crystal device 1 from the outside of the counter substrate 120, and this light becomes light that contributes to display.
Region (1) in FIG. 4 shows a case where the phase difference of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 50 is zero. Light incident from the outside of the counter substrate 120 passes through the polarizing plate 28 and becomes linearly polarized light having a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface, and this linearly polarized light passes through the λ / 4 phase difference plate 27 and becomes right circularly polarized light. . Further, the right circularly polarized light enters the liquid crystal layer 50. Since the phase difference of the liquid crystal is 0, the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 50 is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 50 as right circularly polarized light.

  In the reflection layer 25, 80% of the right circularly polarized light is reflected and is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 50 toward the counter substrate 120 again. At this time, since the phase difference of the liquid crystal is 0, even if the liquid crystal layer 50 is transmitted, the polarization state remains right circular polarization and does not change. Thereafter, the light is transmitted through the λ / 4 phase difference plate 27 to change to linearly polarized light having a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface. Since this linearly polarized light passes through the polarizing plate 28 and is emitted to the outside (observer side), in this case, a bright display is obtained.

  Region (3) in FIG. 4 shows a case where the phase difference of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 903 is λ / 2. The light incident from the outside of the counter substrate 120 is right circularly polarized when entering the liquid crystal layer 50 as in the region (1). Since the phase difference of the liquid crystal is λ / 2, the right circularly polarized light incident on the liquid crystal layer 50 becomes left circularly polarized light when transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 50. Most of the left circularly polarized light passes through the reflective layer 25 without being reflected by the reflective layer 25. Thereafter, the light passes through the λ / 4 retardation plate 29 on the element substrate 110 side and changes to linearly polarized light having a polarization axis perpendicular to the paper surface. Since this linearly polarized light is absorbed by the polarizing plate 30, it is not emitted to the outside (observer side), and in this case, dark display is performed.

On the other hand, when performing display in the transmissive mode, light emitted from the backlight 130 enters the liquid crystal device 1 from the outside of the element substrate 110, and this light becomes light contributing to display.
In the region (2) of FIG. 4, the phase difference of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 50 is zero. The light emitted from the backlight 130 enters from the element substrate 110 side. Incident light passes through the polarizing plate 30 to become linearly polarized light having a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface, and passes through the λ / 4 phase difference plate 29 to become right circularly polarized light. 20% of the right circularly polarized light is transmitted through the reflective layer 25.

  Since the phase difference of the liquid crystal is 0, 20% of the right circularly polarized light transmitted through the reflective layer 25 is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 50 while maintaining its polarization state, and reaches the counter substrate 120 side. Thereafter, the right circularly polarized light is transmitted through the upper λ / 4 phase difference plate 27 to change to linearly polarized light having a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface. This linearly polarized light passes through the polarizing plate 28 and is emitted to the outside (observer side). In this case, a bright display is obtained.

  In the region (4) of FIG. 4, the phase difference of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 50 is λ / 2. Similar to the region (2), the light emitted from the backlight 130 enters from the element substrate 110 side, passes through the polarizing plate 30 and becomes linearly polarized light, passes through the λ / 4 phase difference plate 29, and enters the right side. It becomes circularly polarized light, and 20% of the right circularly polarized light is transmitted through the reflective layer 25 made of cholesteric liquid crystal.

  Since the phase difference of the liquid crystal is λ / 2, it becomes left circularly polarized light when it passes through the liquid crystal layer 50, but becomes linearly polarized light having a polarization axis perpendicular to the paper surface by passing through the λ / 4 phase difference plate 27. Since this linearly polarized light is absorbed by the polarizing plate 28, it is not emitted to the outside (observer side), and in this case, a dark display is obtained.

  In the region (2) and the region (4), 80% of the right circularly polarized light that has passed through the λ / 4 phase difference plate 29 is reflected by the reflective layer 25 toward the element substrate 110 side. The reflected light in this case remains right circularly polarized light. When the right circularly polarized light passes through the λ / 4 retardation plate 29, it becomes linearly polarized light having a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface. This linearly polarized light is transmitted through the polarizing plate 30 having a transmission axis parallel to the paper surface. In this way, linearly polarized light having the same polarization axis as the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 30 is emitted from the element substrate 110 side. The light can be reused by being incident again on the element substrate 110 side, for example, by providing the backlight 130 with a reflection plate and reflecting the light by the reflection plate.

  When the reflector 130 is provided on the backlight 130, for example, in the region (1), 20% of the right circularly polarized light incident from the counter substrate 120 side is transmitted through the reflective layer 50, and is temporarily back from the element substrate 110 side. The light emitted to the 130 side can also be reused. Thus, bright display can be performed even in the reflection mode.

Next, the display principle in the transmissive display area will be described.
In the region (5) of FIG. 4, the phase difference of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 50 is zero. The light emitted from the backlight 130 enters from the element substrate 110 side, passes through the polarizing plate 30 and becomes linearly polarized light, passes through the λ / 4 phase difference plate 29, and becomes right circularly polarized light. 50 is incident. Since the phase difference of the liquid crystal is 0, the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 50 is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 50 as right circularly polarized light. Thereafter, the light is transmitted through the λ / 4 phase difference plate 27 to change to linearly polarized light having a polarization axis parallel to the paper surface. Since this linearly polarized light passes through the polarizing plate 28 and is emitted to the outside (observer side), in this case, a bright display is obtained.

  In the region (6) of FIG. 4, the phase difference of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 50 is λ / 2. The light emitted from the backlight 130 enters from the element substrate 110 side, passes through the polarizing plate 30 and becomes linearly polarized light, passes through the λ / 4 phase difference plate 29, and becomes right circularly polarized light. 50 is incident. Since the phase difference of the liquid crystal is λ / 2, it becomes left circularly polarized light when it passes through the liquid crystal layer 50, but becomes linearly polarized light having a polarization axis perpendicular to the paper surface by passing through the λ / 4 phase difference plate 27. Since this linearly polarized light is absorbed by the polarizing plate 28, it is not emitted to the outside (observer side), and in this case, a dark display is obtained.

  Thus, in the present embodiment, since the reflective layer 25 is made of such a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, it is possible to obtain a higher reflectance than a metal such as aluminum, and a bright display is possible. Further, as in the present embodiment, the reflective layer 25 is provided so as to cover a part of the sub-pixel region 114, and the insulating layer 26 for performing transmissive display is provided in the other part of the sub-pixel region 114. Thus, the dielectric constants of the reflective layer 25 and the insulating layer 26 can be set separately, and the liquid crystal layer 50 in the reflective region and the liquid crystal layer 50 in the transmissive region can be driven separately. Thereby, the drive can be optimized.

  In this embodiment, the reflective layer 25 and the insulating layer 26 are also used as a dielectric (insulator) between the common electrode (first electrode) 42 and the pixel electrode (second electrode) which is indispensable in the FFS method. However, another material, for example, silicon nitride or the like may be formed to form this dielectric without using both, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer as a reflective layer may be formed on the pixel electrode (second electrode). . As a result, although the number of film forming steps increases, it becomes possible to optimize the thickness of the dielectric layer that affects the driving conditions of the FFS method.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a cross section in one sub-pixel region of the liquid crystal device 201, and corresponds to FIG. 2 of the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of the display region 111 on the element substrate 110 side, and corresponds to FIG. 3 of the first embodiment. In addition, about the component same as 1st Embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted. In the present embodiment, since the configuration of the reflective layer is different from that of the first embodiment, this point will be mainly described.

  The liquid crystal device 201 described in the present embodiment is of the FFS method as in the first embodiment. In this embodiment, a reflective liquid crystal device that displays an image by reflecting external light will be described. Note that the active matrix system using TFT elements as switching elements is the same as in the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the liquid crystal device 201 includes an element substrate 110 and a counter substrate 120. The element substrate 110 is provided with a reflective layer 225 on almost the entire subpixel region 114 so as to cover the common electrode (first electrode) 42 formed on the substrate body 110A as a base. The reflective layer 225 is formed of the same cholesteric liquid crystal layer as that in the first embodiment, and is provided in almost the entire portion of the sub-pixel region 114 as shown in FIG. An insulating layer 226 is formed on the reflective layer 225.

  Since the cholesteric liquid crystal layer can perform both the reflection mode and the transmission mode, even if the reflection layer 225 is provided in a solid shape in the sub-pixel region 114 as in this embodiment, the transflective type is used. Can be displayed. In this case, since there is no need for patterning, there is an advantage that it can be manufactured easily. In addition, since the insulating layer 226 is provided on the reflective layer 225, the liquid crystal device 201 can be easily manufactured. In addition, the liquid crystal device 201 according to the present embodiment is a so-called reflection type, but in order to display brightly even in the reflection mode, a backlight may be separately provided on the element substrate 110 side as in the first embodiment. Is possible.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a cross section in one sub-pixel region of the liquid crystal device 301, and corresponds to FIG. 2 of the first embodiment. In addition, about the component same as 1st Embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted. In the present embodiment, since the configuration of the reflective layer is different from that of the first embodiment, this point will be mainly described.

  The liquid crystal device 301 described in the present embodiment is of the FFS method as in the first embodiment. In this embodiment, a reflective liquid crystal device that displays an image by reflecting external light will be described. Note that the active matrix system using TFT elements as switching elements is the same as in the first embodiment.

  As illustrated in FIG. 7, the liquid crystal device 301 includes an element substrate 110 and a counter substrate 120. The element substrate 110 is provided with a reflective layer 325 so as to cover the common electrode (first electrode) 42 formed on the substrate body 110 </ b> A as a base. The reflective layer 325 is configured by the same cholesteric liquid crystal layer as in the first embodiment.

  As in the present embodiment, it is possible to provide the reflective layer 325 in almost the entire portion of the sub-pixel region 114 so that the reflective layer 325 also serves as an insulating layer. Accordingly, it is not necessary to provide an insulating layer separately, so that the cost can be reduced. In addition, the liquid crystal device 301 according to the present embodiment is a so-called reflection type, but in order to display brightly even in the reflection mode, a backlight may be separately provided on the element substrate 110 side as in the first embodiment. Is possible.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a view showing a cross section in one sub-pixel region of the liquid crystal device 401, and corresponds to FIG. 2 of the first embodiment. In addition, about the component same as 1st Embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the description is abbreviate | omitted. In the present embodiment, since the configuration of the counter substrate is different from that of the first embodiment, this point will be mainly described. The liquid crystal device 401 described in the present embodiment is of the FFS method as in the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the liquid crystal device 401 is configured such that the element substrate 110 and the counter substrate 120 sandwich the liquid crystal layer 450. On the counter substrate 120, a color filter layer 22 is formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the substrate body 120A as a base. For example, one color layer of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) is provided for each sub-pixel region 114 in the color filter layer 22.

Further, the λ / 4 retardation plate is not attached to the outer surface (opposite side of the liquid crystal layer 450) of the substrate body 120A, and the polarizing plate 28 is directly attached to the outer surface of the substrate body 120A. It has been.
The liquid crystal layer 450 has a phase difference of 3λ / 4 (λ: wavelength of incident light) in a state where liquid crystal molecules lie down when a non-selection voltage is applied. When the liquid crystal is turned off, if linearly polarized light is incident on the liquid crystal layer 50, the liquid crystal layer 50 passes through the liquid crystal layer 50 and then changes to left circularly polarized light.
On the other hand, when the selection voltage is applied (when the liquid crystal is on), the phase difference is λ / 4 when the liquid crystal molecules are standing. When the liquid crystal is on, if linearly polarized light is incident on the liquid crystal layer 50, the liquid crystal layer 50 is changed to right circularly polarized light after passing through the liquid crystal layer 50.

  Instead of providing a λ / 4 retardation plate as in the present embodiment, the λ / 4 retardation plate is switched by switching the phase difference between 3λ / 4 and λ / 4 in the liquid crystal layer 450. The linearly polarized light can be changed to right circularly polarized light or left circularly polarized light as in the case where it is provided. In addition, loss of light between the polarizing plate 28 and the λ / 4 retardation plate can be eliminated, and light can be used efficiently.

(Fifth embodiment)
Next, a liquid crystal device according to a fifth embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram illustrating an arbitrary one subpixel region in the liquid crystal device 501 of the present embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a planar configuration of the display region 111 on the element substrate 110 side. Unlike the first embodiment, the liquid crystal device 501 described in this embodiment is of an IPS (In-Plane Switching) system. Further, in the present embodiment, a description will be given by taking as an example a reflective liquid crystal device that displays an image by reflecting external light. Also, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a TFD (Thin Film Diode) element is used as a switching element.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the liquid crystal device 501 has a configuration in which the element substrate 110 and the counter substrate 120 sandwich the liquid crystal layer 50. Regarding the element substrate 110, a common electrode (first electrode) 72 and a pixel electrode (second electrode) 78 are formed in the same layer on a substrate body 110A that is a base.

  An insulating layer 526 is provided between the pixel electrode 78 and the common electrode 72 formed in the same layer. The insulating layer 526 is provided as a dielectric between the pixel electrode 78 and the common electrode 72. A reflective layer 525 is provided in almost the entire portion of the sub-pixel region 114 so that the layer provided with the common electrode 72, the pixel electrode 78, and the insulating layer 526 is planarized. The reflective layer 525 is composed of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer similar to that of the first embodiment.

  With respect to the planar configuration of the element substrate 110, as shown in FIG. 10, a common electrode line 71 extends in the vertical direction in the figure, and a signal line 77 extends in the horizontal direction in the figure. The lines 77 are provided so as to cross each other. In the common electrode line 71, a common electrode (first electrode) 72 is formed by branching from the middle thereof. The common electrode line 71 and the common electrode 72 are made of a metal such as tantalum (Ta), for example.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 10, a TFD element (thin film diode) 73 is formed in the vicinity of the intersection of the common electrode line 71 and the signal line 77 in one sub-pixel region 114. As a schematic configuration of the TFD element 73, an insulating film is sandwiched between a lower electrode and an upper electrode. The TFD element 73 will be described in detail. A lower electrode 74, an element insulating film 76 covering the upper surface of the lower electrode 74, a signal line 77 provided to face the lower electrode 74 with the element insulating film 76 interposed therebetween, and The TFD element 73 is configured by the pixel electrode (second electrode) 78.

  That is, the signal line 77 and the pixel electrode 78 function as the upper electrode of the TFD element 73 as it is. Note that an upper electrode electrically connected to the signal line 77 and the pixel electrode 78 may be provided separately. Such a TFD element 73 is a TFD element having a so-called back-to-back structure in which two diodes are connected back to back.

A signal line 77 is formed on one end side of the lower electrode 74 constituting the TFD element 73 so as to intersect the lower electrode 74. On the other hand, a pixel electrode 78 is formed on the other end side of the lower electrode 74 so as to intersect the lower electrode 74. The pixel electrode 78 has a base end portion 78a extending in the horizontal direction on the side intersecting the lower electrode 74 in the drawing, and two strip electrodes 78c branched from the base end portion 78a and extending in the vertical direction. . Among these, the strip electrode 78c mainly functions as a pixel electrode. The signal line 77 and the pixel electrode 78 are made of a metal such as chromium (Cr), for example.
In addition, the hatched area in FIG. 10 is the reflective layer 525, and external light can be reflected in almost the entire area other than the area where each electrode / wiring is formed.

  According to this embodiment, since the reflective layer 525 is provided so as to cover the common electrode 72 and the pixel electrode 78, light can be reflected even in the region where the common electrode 72 and the pixel electrode 78 are formed. Thereby, the utilization efficiency of light can be improved. In the case where the reflective layer is formed of a metal such as aluminum, the reflective layer cannot be formed directly on the electrode. However, in the present invention, the reflective layer 525 is a cholesteric liquid crystal layer. 525 can be formed directly on the common electrode 72 and the pixel electrode 78.

(Sixth embodiment)
Next, a liquid crystal device according to a sixth embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram showing an arbitrary one sub-pixel region in the liquid crystal device 601 of the present embodiment. The liquid crystal device 601 described in the present embodiment is of the IPS system as in the fifth embodiment. The same components as those in the fifth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. Moreover, it is the same as that of 5th Embodiment also in the point which uses the TFD element as a switching element.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the liquid crystal device 601 has a configuration in which the element substrate 110 and the counter substrate 120 sandwich the liquid crystal layer 50. Regarding the element substrate 110, a common electrode (first electrode) 72 and a pixel electrode (second electrode) 78 are formed in the same layer on a substrate body 110A that is a base.

  On the other hand, referring to FIG. 11, a reflective layer 625 is provided so as to fill a region between the pixel electrode 78 and the common electrode 72 and to cover the pixel electrode 78 and the common electrode 72. The reflective layer 625 is composed of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer similar to that of the first embodiment. Further, no other insulating layer is provided between the common electrode 72 and the pixel electrode 78, and the reflective layer 625 also serves as an insulating layer.

  In this embodiment, the same effect as that of the fifth embodiment can be obtained. In the IPS liquid crystal device 601, the layer provided with the common electrode 72 and the pixel electrode 78 is planarized by the reflective layer 625, so that it is not necessary to separately form a planarization film or the like, and manufacturing becomes easy. The cost can be reduced accordingly.

  Further, since the reflective layer 625 also serves as an insulating layer, it is not necessary to provide an insulating layer separately, and the cost can be reduced accordingly. Furthermore, the liquid crystal device 601 according to the present embodiment can also be configured to separately provide a backlight on the element substrate 110 side. Thereby, brighter display is possible in the reflective layer 625.

(Seventh embodiment)
Next, a liquid crystal device according to a seventh embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram showing an arbitrary one sub-pixel region in the liquid crystal device 701 of the present embodiment. The liquid crystal device 701 described in the present embodiment is of the IPS system as in the fifth embodiment. The same components as those in the fifth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. Moreover, it is the same as that of 5th Embodiment also in the point which uses the TFD element as a switching element.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the liquid crystal device 701 has a configuration in which the element substrate 110 and the counter substrate 120 sandwich the liquid crystal layer 50 therebetween. Regarding the element substrate 110, a common electrode (first electrode) 72 and a pixel electrode (second electrode) 78 are formed in the same layer on a substrate body 110A that is a base.

  On the other hand, between the pixel electrode 78 and the common electrode 72, a reflective layer 725 configured by a cholesteric liquid crystal layer similar to that of the first embodiment is provided. The reflective layer 725 is provided so as to fill a region between the pixel electrode 78 and the common electrode 72, and the pixel electrode 78 and the common electrode 72 are flush with each other.

  When the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is disposed in a limited region of the sub-pixel region 114 such as the region between the pixel electrode 78 and the common electrode 72 as in the present embodiment, for example, a cholesteric seal or the like is used. It is preferable. Also in this embodiment, no other insulating layer is provided between the common electrode 72 and the pixel electrode 78, and the reflective layer 725 also serves as an insulating layer.

  In the IPS mode liquid crystal device, when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules arranged between the common electrode and the pixel electrode tend to be horizontal compared to the liquid crystal molecules arranged on the electrode. Will also be brighter. In the present embodiment, the reflective layer 725 is provided between the common electrode 72 and the pixel electrode 78, that is, in a region where the liquid crystal molecules tend to be horizontal and light is easily transmitted. A liquid crystal device with high light use efficiency can be obtained.

(Eighth embodiment)
Next, a liquid crystal device according to an eighth embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram illustrating an arbitrary one sub-pixel region in the liquid crystal device 801 of the present embodiment. The liquid crystal device 801 described in the present embodiment is of the IPS system as in the fifth embodiment. The same components as those in the fifth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. Moreover, it is the same as that of 5th Embodiment also in the point which uses the TFD element as a switching element.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the liquid crystal device 801 has a configuration in which the element substrate 110 and the counter substrate 120 sandwich the liquid crystal layer 50. With respect to the element substrate 110, a reflective layer 825 is provided on a substrate body 110A that is a base. The reflective layer 825 is configured by the same cholesteric liquid crystal layer as that in the first embodiment. On the reflective layer 825, a common electrode (first electrode) 72 and a pixel electrode (second electrode) 78 are formed in the same layer.

According to this embodiment, since the common electrode 72 and the pixel electrode 78 are directly provided on the reflective layer 825, the liquid crystal device 801 can be easily manufactured. Note that when the reflective layer is formed of a metal such as aluminum, an electrode cannot be formed directly on the reflective layer. However, in the present invention, the reflective layer 825 is a cholesteric liquid crystal layer. The common electrode 72 and the pixel electrode 78 can be directly formed on the 825.
Further, the liquid crystal device 801 according to the present embodiment can also have a configuration in which a backlight is separately provided on the element substrate 110 side.

(Electronics)
Next, an electronic apparatus according to the present invention will be described using a mobile phone as an example.
FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of the mobile phone 300.
The mobile phone 300 includes a housing 305, an operation unit 302 provided with a plurality of operation buttons, and a display unit 303 that displays images, moving images, characters, and the like. The liquid crystal device 1 according to the present invention is mounted on the display unit 303.
As described above, since the liquid crystal device 1 capable of obtaining a high reflectance in the reflective layer and capable of displaying brightly is mounted, the display is good in any environment regardless of whether it is a bright place or a dark place. An electronic device (mobile phone 300) can be obtained.

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and appropriate modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, the reflective layer 25 provided in one sub-pixel region 114 can be formed of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer that reflects only one of the three colors of red, green, and blue. According to this configuration, any one of the three colors red, green, and blue is reflected in each sub-pixel region, and that color is displayed. As described above, when the reflective layer is a cholesteric layer, there is an advantage that light of three colors can be displayed from the sub-pixel region without providing the color filter layer 22.

  In the above embodiment, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 50 is constant in the reflective display area and the transmissive display area. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the reflective display area and the transmissive display area have liquid crystals. The thickness of the layer 50 may be changed. Further, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 50 may be changed for each sub-pixel region 114 displaying red, green, and blue.

It is a top view which shows the structure of the liquid crystal device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the liquid crystal device which concerns on this embodiment. It is a top view which shows the structure of the element substrate of a liquid crystal device. It is a figure which shows the display principle of the liquid crystal device which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the liquid crystal device which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the liquid crystal device which concerns on this embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the liquid crystal device which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the liquid crystal device which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the liquid crystal device which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of the liquid crystal device which concerns on this embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the liquid crystal device which concerns on 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the liquid crystal device which concerns on 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the liquid crystal device which concerns on 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the electronic device which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1, 201, 301, 401, 501, 601, 701, 801 ... Liquid crystal device 25, 225, 325, 525, 625, 725, 825 ... Reflective layer 42, 72 ... Common electrode 48, 78 ... Pixel electrode 50, 450 ... Liquid crystal layer 110 ... Element substrate 114 ... Sub-pixel region 120 ... Counter substrate 300 ... Mobile phone

Claims (8)

A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween; and a first electrode and a second electrode provided on the liquid crystal layer side of the first substrate, the first electrode and the second electrode In a liquid crystal device that drives the liquid crystal layer by an electric field generated between two electrodes ,
The first electrode and the second electrode are arranged so as to overlap in a plane, and a dielectric is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode,
The liquid crystal device, wherein the dielectric includes a reflective layer made of a cholesteric layer. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1,
  A liquid crystal device comprising an insulating layer on the reflective layer. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1 or 2,
  It has a sub-pixel area that is the minimum unit of display,
  The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is provided in all parts of the sub-pixel region. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1 or 2,
  It has a sub-pixel area that is the minimum unit of display,
  The liquid crystal device, wherein the reflective layer is provided in a part of the sub-pixel region, and an insulating layer made of a transparent material is provided in the other part of the sub-pixel region. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1,
  A backlight, a polarizing plate, and a λ / 4 retardation plate are further provided, and light emitted from the backlight passes through the polarizing plate and the λ / 4 retardation plate and then enters the reflective layer. A liquid crystal device configured as described above. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1,
The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is provided with irregularities on a surface opposite to the liquid crystal. A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween; and a first electrode and a second electrode provided on the liquid crystal layer side of the first substrate, the first electrode and the second electrode In a liquid crystal device that drives the liquid crystal layer by an electric field generated between two electrodes,
It has a sub-pixel area that is the minimum unit of display,
A reflective layer made of a cholesteric layer is provided in the sub-pixel region,
The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the reflective layer is provided with irregularities on a surface opposite to the liquid crystal. An electronic apparatus comprising the liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 .

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