JP4138646B2 - 互い違いである単一方向層と熱可塑性層とからなる積層耐衝撃性構造物 - Google Patents

互い違いである単一方向層と熱可塑性層とからなる積層耐衝撃性構造物 Download PDF

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JP4138646B2
JP4138646B2 JP2003504038A JP2003504038A JP4138646B2 JP 4138646 B2 JP4138646 B2 JP 4138646B2 JP 2003504038 A JP2003504038 A JP 2003504038A JP 2003504038 A JP2003504038 A JP 2003504038A JP 4138646 B2 JP4138646 B2 JP 4138646B2
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ヨハンス・マリア・ベルグマンス
アーンスト・ミカエル・ヴィンクラー
クルト・ライナー・ハンス−ハインリッヒ・シュトルツェ
カルシュテン・カール・ヨセフ・ローズ
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    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、互い違いである単一方向（ＵＤ）層と熱可塑性層とからなる積層耐衝撃性構造物に関する。
ＵＤ層と熱可塑性層とからなる積層耐衝撃性構造物は当該技術分野において周知である。例えば、米国特許第５，９３５，６７８号には、ポリエチレン繊維のＵＤ層で構成される耐衝撃性積層構造物が開示されている。２つのＵＤ層の間にはポリエチレンフィルムが配置される。前記ＵＤ層の間に配置されるフィルムは、個々の繊維がポリエチレンに埋め込まれることなく、前記ＵＤ層同士を結束させる。ＵＤ層とは、互いに平行なフィラメントを有する繊維の層である。しかしながら、通常、耐衝撃性構造物は、ゴムまたはゴム状マトリックスに埋め込まれた、アラミド繊維または高密度ポリエチレン繊維のごとき繊維の耐衝撃性層からなる。そのような耐衝撃性構造物は、例えば、米国特許第４，９１６，０００号に記載されている。前記特許に記載されている耐衝撃性構造物では、耐衝撃性層の個々のフィラメントが（好ましくは）Ｋｒａｔｏｎのごとき熱可塑性エラストマー材料で完全に被覆されている。これらの２種類の耐衝撃性構造物はいずれも問題がある。米国特許第４，９１６，０００号記載の耐衝撃性構造物のごときマトリックス材料を含有する一般的な耐衝撃性構造物は、米国特許第５，９３５，６７８号記載の構造物のごとき構造物よりも防弾性が低い。マトリックス含有量が増加するにつれて、これらの構造物は耐衝撃性の低下を示し、さらにこのマトリックス材料に起因する重量の増加を示す。マトリックスの量を過度に減らしてしまうと、得られる耐衝撃性構造物が不安定なものとなる危険性がある。米国特許第５，９３５，６７８号に開示されているようなＵＤ層同士の間に熱可塑性フィルムを有する耐衝撃性構造物は、非常に良好な耐衝撃性を有してはいるが、着弾時（実験を参照）には非常に不安定であることが分かった。従って、高い防弾性を示す一方で高い安定性も示す耐衝撃性構造物が未だに少なからず必要とされている。
本発明の目的は、高い防弾性と高い安定性とを有する積層耐衝撃性構造物を提供することにある。
前記目的は、（ｉ）ｎ個の繊維の単一方向層（ＵＤ層）および
（ｉｉ）ｍ個の熱可塑性樹脂の層（ＴＰ層）、但し、構造物の外側の熱可塑性樹脂層の数はｍから除く、
からなる積層耐衝撃性構造物であって、
ＵＤ層およびＴＰ層は互い違いであり、１／２ｎ≦ｍ＜ｎが成立し、ＵＤ層は、アラミド繊維、ＰＢＯ繊維、ＰＢＩ繊維および／または高密度ポリエチレン繊維並びに乾燥繊維重量に対して１〜２５重量％のエラストマー材料を含み、かつ
熱可塑性樹脂は、ポリエチレンまたはポリプロピレンであり、エラストマー材料はゴムまたはゴム状材料である前記積層耐衝撃性構造物を用いることによって達成されることが分かった。
本発明の耐衝撃性構造物は優れた耐衝撃性を示すが、その層は安定しており、着弾時にも層間剥離を起こさない。かなりの数の熱可塑性層、すなわち、耐衝撃性ＵＤ層の数の少なくとも半分の数の熱可塑性層が存在しなければならないことが強調される。各ＵＤ層が熱可塑性層と互い違いであることが好ましいが、そのような層構造の規則性が時折破られても深刻な影響は一般に無い。明確にするために、２つのＵＤ層の間に２つ以上の熱可塑性層を配置することができることがさらに強調される。そのような複数の熱可塑性層は、これらの積層構造物の製造中に用いられる高温高圧下において融合させられるので、本発明によれば、そのような複数の熱可塑性層は１層と見なされる。各ＵＤ層の両側が熱可塑性層と隣接している場合、熱可塑性層はＵＤ層よりも１層多いことになる。前記積層構造物の外側は熱可塑性層を有していてもよく、例えば、保護フィルムの役割を果たす熱可塑性層を両側に有していてもよい。前記構造物の外側に在るこれらの熱可塑性層は、他の熱可塑性層の数を表す数字「ｍ」には含まれない。これらの熱可塑性外層が配備されない場合、任意の他の好適な材料からなる保護層を代わりに配備してもよい。さらに、前記積層構造物の外側に熱可塑性層が配備されている場合でも、所望であれば、その上に任意の他の好適な材料からなる保護層をさらに配備してもよい。さらに、本発明の構造物は積層硬質耐衝撃性構造物を製造するのに特に有用であることが強調される。前記複数の層の数が多い場合、そのような構造物は軟質の耐衝撃性用途にはあまりあるいは全く向いていない。硬質の耐衝撃性用途の場合、ＵＤ層の数は通常５層よりも多く、さらに好ましくは８層よりも多い。８〜２５層のＵＤ層を配備し、そして前記ＵＤ層のすべての層間、または少なくとも前記ＵＤ層のほとんどの層間に熱可塑性層を挿入することは非常に一般的である。
さらに、ＵＤ層を固定するのに熱可塑性層のみを用いると、優れた耐衝撃性は得られるが、安定した耐衝撃性構造を保護するのには十分ではないことが分かった。前記積層構造物をプレスおよび加熱した後、前記熱可塑性層は前記ＵＤ層と密着することになるが、前記熱可塑性材料は各繊維を完全に包囲したり、各繊維に完全に含浸するわけではないことが分かった。従って、この構造物の安定性は十分ではないと考えられる。所望の安定性は、少量のエラストマー材料がマトリックス材料として用いられたときに得られることが分かった。この量は、通常、従来の耐衝撃性構造物に用いられている量よりもかなり少ない。さらに、従来技術の場合に好ましいとされているようにマトリックスが個々のフィラメントを完全に被覆している必要はない。従って、本発明におけるマトリックスは、ＵＤ層を固定するのではなく、単にその層間剥離を防いでいるという点で、従来とは異なる目的を果たしている。そのような固定は、ＵＤ層間の熱可塑性層によって実現されている。
好適な熱可塑性材料が例えばポリエチレンおよびポリプロピレンであるのに対し、エラストマーマトリックスは、通常、耐衝撃性構造物に一般に用いられているＫｒａｔｏｎまたはポリウレタン樹脂のごときゴムまたはゴム状材料である。さらに、ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレン、天然ゴム、可塑化ポリビニルクロライド、ポリアクリレート、ポリエステル等のごとき他の材料も挙げられる。前記構造物は、乾燥した繊維（乾燥したヤーン）の重量に対して１〜２５重量％、好ましくは３〜１５重量％、さらに好ましくは５〜１２重量％のエラストマー材料を含んでなる。熱可塑性層の層厚は、１〜２５０μｍ、好ましくは６〜５０μｍ、さらに好ましくは１０〜２５μｍである。ＵＤ層は、例えば０°および９０°の角度で交差しながら重なり合っていることが好ましい。好適な耐衝撃性繊維は、アラミド、ポリオレフィンおよびリジッドロッドポリマーから選択される。好ましいアラミド繊維は、ＴｗａｒｏｎTM、ＫｅｖｌａｒTMおよびＴｅｃｈｎｏｒａTMのごときｐ−アラミドを原料としている。ポリオレフィン繊維は、ＳｐｅｃｔｒａTMおよびＤｙｎｅｅｍａTMのごとき高密度ポリエチレンであることが好ましい。好適なリジッドロッドポリマーの繊維は、ＺｙｌｏｎTMのごときＰＢＯ（ポリ−ｐ−フェニレンベンゾビスオキサゾール）および「Ｍ５」のごときＰＢＩ（ポリ−ｐ−フェニレンベンゾビスイミダゾール）から選択される。
ほとんどの場合に必要ではないが、前記耐衝撃性構造物は、例えばセラミック材料またはスチール製の硬質パネルを含んでなっていてもよい。
下記実験によって本発明をさらに説明する。
すべての実験において、２５０本のヤーンＴｗａｒｏｎTM ２０００、３３６０ ｄｔｅｘ ｆ１０００を全幅にわたって均等に広げることによって幅５０ｃｍのＵＤシートを作成した。
実験１（比較）
厚みが１５μｍの低密度ポリエチレン（ＬＤＰＥ）フィルム（ｅｘ Ｂｕｈｒｍａｎｎ）をヤーンの上に１５０℃の温度でラミネートした。得られたＵＤシートを長さが５０ｃｍの複数の片に切断した。２片のＵＤを、前記フィルムが外側になるようにして、十字形（０°および９０°）に重ね合わせた。これらの２片のＵＤシートの間に厚みが２３μｍのＬＤＰＥフィルム（ｅｘ Ｂｏｒｄｅｎ）を挟むことにより、ｎ＝２およびｍ＝１の構造物が得られた。これらのシートを０．５ＭＰａの圧力および１３０℃の温度でプレスした。これらのシールドを１０枚重ね合わせ、９．５ＭＰａの圧力および１３５℃で２０分間プレスすることにより、ｎ＝２０およびｍ＝１９の構造物が得られた。得られた耐衝撃性複合材料を、９ｍｍのＶＭＲ ＤＭ１１ Ａ１ Ｂ２弾薬（ＤＡＧ社製、ボールの重量：８ｇ）を用いてテストした。得られたＶ５０値は高かった（４８０ｍ／ｓ）が、シールドには重度の層間剥離が見られた。従って、数回衝撃を受けた後、前記複合材料は使い物にならなくなった。
実験２（比較）
ヤーンにＫｒａｔｏｎ分散液（ＰｒｉｎｌｉｎTM Ｂ７１３７ＡＬ、ｅｘ Ｐｉｅｒｃｅ ａｎｄ Ｓｔｅｖｅｎｓ）を含浸させた。乾燥後、マトリックス含有量が（乾燥ヤーンの重量に基づいて）約１５重量％であるＵＤシートが得られた。前記シートを長さが５０ｃｍの複数の片に切断した。２片のＵＤを十字形（０°および９０°）に重ね合わせ、０．０６ＭＰａおよび１１０℃でプレスした。これらのシールドを１０枚重ね合わせ、９．５ＭＰａおよび１３５℃で２０分間プレスした。実施例１で用いたのと同じ９ｍｍの弾薬を用いてテストしたところ、Ｖ５０値は４３３ｍ／ｓであった。数回衝撃を受けた後でも、この複合材料には層間剥離は見られなかった。
実験３
ヤーンに実施例２で用いたＫｒａｔｏｎ分散液を含浸させた。分散液を（１３５℃で）乾燥させた後、１５μｍのＬＤＰＥフィルム（ｅｘ Ｂｕｈｒｍａｎｎ）を前記ヤーンシートの上に実施例１のようにラミネートした。乾燥後のＵＤシートは、（乾燥ヤーンの重量に基づいて）９重量％のＫｒａｔｏｎを含有していた。２片のＵＤを、前記フィルムが外側になるようにして、十字形（０°および９０°）に重ね合わせた。これらの２片のＵＤシートの間に厚みが１５μｍのＬＤＰＥフィルムを挟んだ。これらのシートを０．０６ＭＰａの圧力および１１０℃の温度でプレスした。これらのシールドを９枚重ね合わせ、９．５ＭＰａの圧力および１３５℃で２０分間プレスした。前記実施例で用いたのと同じ９ｍｍの弾薬を用いてテストしたところ、Ｖ５０値は４６７ｍ／ｓであった。数回衝撃を受けた後でも、この複合材料には層間剥離は見られなかった。
結果
実験１〜３の結果、すなわち、シールドの重量およびＶ５０値を下記表に示す。比較として、標準的なプレプレグラミネート（５５ｇ／ｍ2のＰＶＢ（ポリビニルベンゼン）改質フェノール樹脂で片面が被覆されたＴｗａｒｏｎTM ＣＴ ７３６ファブリック）についての値も示しておく。本発明に係わるシールドは、標準的なプレプレグラミネートのみならず、ＰＥフィルムのみまたはＫｒａｔｏｎのみを用いたシールドよりも優れた性能を示す。
Figure 0004138646

Claims (7)

  1. （ｉ）ｎ個の繊維の単一方向層（ＵＤ層）および
    （ｉｉ）ｍ個の熱可塑性樹脂の層（ＴＰ層）、但し、構造物の外側の熱可塑性樹脂層の数はｍから除く、
    からなる積層耐衝撃性構造物であって、
    ＵＤ層およびＴＰ層は互い違いであり、１／２ｎ≦ｍ＜ｎが成立し、ＵＤ層は、アラミド繊維、ＰＢＯ繊維、ＰＢＩ繊維および／または高密度ポリエチレン繊維並びに乾燥繊維重量に対して１〜２５重量％のエラストマー材料を含み、かつ
    熱可塑性樹脂は、ポリエチレンまたはポリプロピレンであり、エラストマー材料はゴムまたはゴム状材料である前記積層耐衝撃性構造物。
  2. 前記ＵＤ層は３〜１５重量％のエラストマー材料を含んでなる、請求項１に記載の積層耐衝撃性構造物。
  3. 前記ＵＤ層は５〜１２重量％のエラストマー材料を含んでなる、請求項１に記載の積層耐衝撃性構造物。
  4. 前記ＵＤ層は５〜１０重量％のエラストマー材料を含んでなる、請求項１に記載の積層耐衝撃性構造物。
  5. 外側が保護層で保護されている、請求項１〜４のいずれか１つに記載の積層耐衝撃性構造物。
  6. 前記保護層が熱可塑性層である、請求項５に記載の積層耐衝撃性構造物。
  7. 積層硬質耐衝撃性構造物である、請求項１〜６のいずれか１つに記載の積層耐衝撃性構造物。
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