CN1514926A - 包括交替的单向层和热塑塑料层的层压式防弹结构 - Google Patents

包括交替的单向层和热塑塑料层的层压式防弹结构 Download PDF

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CN1514926A
CN1514926A CNA028115333A CN02811533A CN1514926A CN 1514926 A CN1514926 A CN 1514926A CN A028115333 A CNA028115333 A CN A028115333A CN 02811533 A CN02811533 A CN 02811533A CN 1514926 A CN1514926 A CN 1514926A
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CN100455977C (zh
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J·M·伯格曼斯
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E·M·温克勒
H-H��ʩ�ж���
K·R·H-H·施托尔策
J
C·K·J·罗泽
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种层压式防弹结构，包括一个基本上交替的n个防弹纤维单向(UD)层和m个热塑塑料层——不包括在该结构的外侧面的热塑塑料层——的层阵列，其中1/2n≤m＜n，及该UD层基于干纤维重量包括1－25重量％的弹性体材料。优选的是，该UD层包括芳族聚酰胺，PBO，PBI，和/或高强度聚乙烯纤维，该热塑塑料是聚乙烯或聚丙烯。

Description

包括交替的单向层和热塑塑料层 的层压式防弹结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括交替的单向(UD)层和热塑塑料层的层压式防弹(抗冲击)结构。
背景技术
包括UD层和热塑塑料层的层压式防弹结构在本技术中是已知的。例如，在US 5,935,678中，公开了一种防弹层压结构，所述防弹层压结构由若干聚乙烯纤维UD层组成。聚乙烯薄膜位于两UD层之间。薄膜设置在UD层之间以使各层保持在一起，而不用将单个纤维嵌埋在聚乙烯中。UD层为具有平行单丝的纤维层。然而，通常防弹结构包括纤维如芳族聚酰胺或高密度聚乙烯纤维的防弹层，上述纤维嵌埋入一种橡胶或橡胶状基体中。这些防弹结构例如在US 4,916,000中作了介绍，其中防弹层的各个单丝(优选的是)完全涂覆有一种热塑性弹性体材料如Kraton。上述两种类型防弹结构都有缺点。含有基体材料的通用防弹结构如US 4,916,000的防弹结构显示出比象US 5,935,678的结构低的抗弹击性。在较高的基体含量下，这些结构显示防弹性能随基体的量增加及另外由于基体材料的重量增加而降低。在不承担得到不稳定防弹结构的危险情况下，基体的量不能减少太多。如在US 5,935,678中所公开的在UD层之间具有热塑性薄膜的防弹结构尽管具有很好的防弹性能，但发现在弹击(见实验)时极不稳定。因此，对显示出高抗弹击性和同时具有高稳定性的防弹结构仍有大量的需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有高抗弹击性和高稳定性的层压式防弹结构。
发现当采用下述层压式防弹结构时这些目的可得到满足，所述结构包括一个基本上交替的n个防弹纤维单向(UD)层和m个热塑塑料层——不包括在该结构的外侧面的热塑塑料层——的层阵列(层组列)，其中1/2n≤m＜n，及该UD层基于干纤维重量包括1-25重量％的弹性体材料。
本发明的防弹结构显示出优秀的防弹性能，各层稳定，并且在受弹击时不脱层(层离)。应该强调的是，它要求相当大量的热塑塑料层存在，至少是防弹UD层数目的一半。优选的是，每个UD层都与一热塑塑料层交替，但当有时违犯这种层结构的规律性时，通常也没有引人注目的影响。为了清楚起见，还应强调的是，可以将两个或更多个热塑塑料层设置在两个UD层之间。因为这些多个热塑塑料层在生产这些层压式结构过程中所使用的高压和高温下熔合在一起，所以这些多个热塑塑料层可以认为是根据本发明的一层。当每个UD层的两面邻接热塑塑料层时，热塑塑料层的数量比UD层的数量多。层压式结构的外侧面可以包括热塑塑料层，例如在两侧面各有一用作保护膜的热塑塑料层。在该结构的外侧面的这些热塑塑料层不包括在代表其它热塑塑料层数的数目“m”中。当不设置这些热塑性外层时，可以设置任何其它合适材料的保护层。而且，即使当层压式结构的外侧面具有热塑塑料层时，如果希望的话，另外还可以在其上设置任何其它合适材料的保护层。还应强调的是，本发明的结构尤其适用于做成层压式硬防弹结构。当该多个层包含许多层时，这些结构很少适用或不适用于软防弹结构。对硬防弹应用，UD层数通常多于5层，更优选的是多于8层。很普遍的是应用8-25个UD层，并在这些层的每层之间或是至少在这些层的大多数层之间施加一个热塑塑料层。
还发现，单独使用热塑塑料层来固定各UD层，尽管得到出色的防弹性能，但不足以维护稳定的防弹结构。已发现在压紧和加热层压式结构之后，热塑塑料层与UD层强烈接触，但热塑塑料没有完全包围并完全浸渍每根纤维。因此，可以认为该结构没有足够的稳定性。发现当用小量弹性体材料作基体材料时，能得到所希望的稳定性。该量通常显著地小于现有技术防弹结构中所用的量。另外，不需要如先有技术情况下优选的那样使该基体完全涂覆各单丝。这样该基体可用来达到不同的目的，因为它不再固定UD层，而只是防止UD层脱层。这样的固定利用各UD层之间的热塑塑料层得到。
合适的热塑塑料是例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯，而弹性体基体通常是一种橡胶或橡胶状(似橡胶)材料，如通常用，于防弹结构中的Kraton或聚氨酯树脂。也可以用其它一些材料，如聚丁二烯，聚异戊二烯，天然橡胶，增塑的聚氯乙烯，聚丙烯酸酯类，聚酯类等。该结构基于干纤维(干纱)重量包括1-25重量％，优选的是3-15重量％，和更优选的是5-12重量％的弹性体材料。热塑塑料层的层厚是在1和250μm之间，优选的是在6-50μm，和更优选的是在10-25μm之间。各UD层优选的是例如以0和90°的角度交叉叠合。
合适的防弹纤维从芳族聚酰胺，聚烯烃，和刚性杆聚合物中选定。优选的芳族聚酰胺纤维用对芳族聚酰胺如TwaronTM，KevlerTM，和TechnoraTM制造。聚烯烃纤维优选的是高密度聚乙烯，如SpectraTM和DyneemaTM。合适的刚性杆聚合物选自PBO(聚对亚苯基苯并双噁唑，poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole)如ZylonTM和PBI(聚对亚苯基苯并双咪唑，poly-p-phenylenebenzobisimidazole)如“M5”。
尽管在大多数情况下不需要，但该防弹结构可以包括例如一种水泥材料或钢的刚性板。
本发明还利用下面的一些实验进一步举例说明。
在所有实验中，通过将纱线均匀分布在整个宽度上用250支纱TwaronTM2000，3360dtex(分特)f1000制成一具有宽度为50cm的UD带。
实验1(对照)
将一种具有15μm厚度的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)膜(例如Bührmann)在150℃温度下层压在纱线上。将最终得到的UD带切成若干50cm长的片。两个UD片交叉叠合(0和90°)，使该膜位于外侧。将一种具有23μm厚度的LDPE膜(例如Borden)放在这两个UD片之间，提供出一种n＝2和m＝1的结构。各片在0.5MPa压力和130℃温度下压紧。将10个这样的防护层叠加并在9.5MPa压力和135℃下压制20分钟，则提供出一种n＝20和m＝19的结构。该防弹复合物用9mm VMR DM 11 Al B2弹药(武器)(由DAG制造，弹头重为8克)进行测验。获得的V50值高(480m/s)，但该防护层呈现出严重的脱层。因此，在几次打击之后，复合物就不可以再使用了。
实验2(对照)
将纱线用一种Kraton分散体(PrinlinTM B7137AL，例如，Pierce和Stevens)浸渍。在干燥之后，得到一种UD带，所述UD带具有约为15重量％的基体含量(基于干纱重量)。该带切成50cm长的片。将两片UD交叉叠合(0和90°)，并在0.06MPa和110℃下压紧在一起。将10个这种防护层叠置，并在9.5MPa和135℃下压制20分钟。用与例1相同的9mm弹药测验产生一个433m/s的V50值。即使在几次打击之后，该复合物显示没有脱层。
实验3
将纱线像例2中那样用Kraton分散体浸渍。在分散体干燥(于135℃下)过程中，将一种15μm的LDPE膜(例如Bührmann)像例1中那样层压在纱带上。干燥后的UD带含有9重量％Kraton(基于干纱重量)。两片UD交叉叠合(0和90°)，使该膜位于外侧。将一种15μm厚的LDPE膜放在这两个UD片之间。将各片在0.06MPa压力和110℃的温度下压紧。将9个这种防护层叠置，并在9.5MPa的压力和135℃下压制20分钟。用上述例子的9mm弹药测试产生一个467m/s的V50值。即使在几次打击之后，该复合物也未显示脱层。
结论
实验1-3的结果在表中列出，表中示出各防护层的重量和V50值。作为对照，也给出了一种标准预浸处理层压制品(TwaronTM CT 736织物，一个侧面涂覆有55g/m2 PVB(聚苯乙烯)改性酚醛树脂)的值。按照本发明所述的防护层具有优于标准预浸处理层压制品的性能，而且也优于只用PE(聚乙烯)膜或只用Kraton的防护层。
  重量(g/m2)   V50(m/s)   节省重量(％)   差值V50(m/s)   脱层
    TwaronTM CT736   4368-4470   441-457   0   0   否
    例1   3680   480   17   +31   是
    例2   3745   433   15   -16   否
    例3   3537   467   20   +18   否

Claims (10)

1.一种层压式防弹结构，包括一个基本上交替的n个防弹纤维单向(UD)层和m个热塑塑料层——不包括在该结构的外侧面的热塑塑料层——的层阵列，其中1/2n≤m＜n，及该UD层基于干纤维重量包括1-25重量％的弹性体材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的层压式防弹结构，其特征是，该UD层包括3-15重量％的弹性体材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的层压式防弹结构，其特征是，该UD层包括5-12重量％的弹性体材料。
4.如权利要求1所述的层压式防弹结构，其特征是，该UD层包括5-10重量％的弹性体材料。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的层压式防弹结构，其特征是，该UD层包括具有断裂能＞8J/g(焦耳/克)、抗拉模量＞150g/dtex(克/分特)和强度＞7g/dtex的纤维。
6.如权利要求5所述的层压式防弹结构，其特征是，该UD层包括芳族聚酰胺，PBO，PBI，和/或高密度聚乙烯纤维。
7.如上述权利要求1-6中任一项所述的层压式防弹结构，其特征是，该热塑塑料是聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
8.如上述权利要求1-7中任一项所述的层压式防弹结构，其特征是，该层压式结构的外侧面由一保护层保护。
9.如权利要求8所述的层压式防弹结构，其特征是，该保护层是热塑塑料层。
10.如上述权利要求1-9中任一项所述的层压式防弹结构，其特征是，该结构是一种层压式硬防弹结构。
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