JP4138289B2 - Method for removing malodorous substances generated from composting equipment - Google Patents
Method for removing malodorous substances generated from composting equipment Download PDFInfo
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- JP4138289B2 JP4138289B2 JP2001316872A JP2001316872A JP4138289B2 JP 4138289 B2 JP4138289 B2 JP 4138289B2 JP 2001316872 A JP2001316872 A JP 2001316872A JP 2001316872 A JP2001316872 A JP 2001316872A JP 4138289 B2 JP4138289 B2 JP 4138289B2
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- malodorous substances
- deodorizer
- clay
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は家庭、レストランなどで廃棄する食品に関わる生ゴミを、肥料として再利用するための、コンポスト（堆肥）設備に於いて、生ゴミの腐敗などにより発生する悪臭物質を除去する技術に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
コンポスト設備に於いて、従来、生ゴミから発生する悪臭の除去には、活性炭、ゼオライトなどの吸着剤が脱臭剤として用いられている。これらの悪臭の除去メカニズムは、一般的に物理吸着と呼ばれるものが主体であり、吸着剤の細孔内等に悪臭物質を取り込むものである。
【０００３】
従って、吸着剤に蓄積された悪臭物質が飽和してしまうことで悪臭物質の破過が始まり、加熱などでの吸着剤の再生処理が必要となる。しかし、この再生の際には悪臭物質がそのまま放出されることになるので、実際には再生作業は行われず、そのまま廃棄されているのが慣例である。
【０００４】
コンポスト設備に於ける活性炭等の吸着剤の取り替え頻度は、生ゴミ自体の成分の変化や吸着剤の使用量、脱臭設備によっても異なるが、１週間から２ヶ月程度で悪臭がリークするようになりはじめ、その臭気の拡散状況が許容範囲を超える頃に取り替えており、日数を限定できないが、おおむね３ヶ月程度がその限界である。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、コンポスト装置から発生する悪臭物質を除去するために使用する除去剤（吸着剤）の使用時間を長くすることをその特徴とするもので、剤の取り替え頻度を大幅に削減する方法を提供することをその目的とするものである。
【０００６】
更に本発明は、コンポスト装置の脱臭設備において、ミストによる脱臭剤の劣化を、好ましくは加温により防止し、しかも、その加温によっては悪臭物質が脱離することのない吸着剤を脱臭剤として使用することにより、剤の取り替え頻度を大幅に削減する方法を提供することを目的としている。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するためには、従来、主に使用されている吸着剤である活性炭の脱臭性能の寿命を延長することができないかを検討した。そこで１ヶ月使用したコンポスト装置の脱臭設備の活性炭充填容器を確認したところ、充填されている活性炭の全体の８０％程度において水蒸気の結露による濡れが観察された。
【０００８】
つまり、脱臭能力低下の原因が、活性炭の吸着能力の限界とは別に、コンポスト装置内で発生するミストが脱臭設備中の吸着剤を被毒していたことが判明し、その対策として脱臭設備を加温することにより結露の発生防止を行ってみた。活性炭を充填した容器を加温（５０〜１００℃）してコンポスト排ガスを通気させてみたところ、５０℃では常温（加温しない場合）と大差はなかったが、７０℃以上では活性炭充填容器の出口より臭気がリークすることが確認された。
【０００９】
本発明者らは、この結果、活性炭等の物理吸着による悪臭物質の除去では、本発明の目的とする取替え頻度の大幅な削減は困難と判断し、使用する吸着剤を、強い化学吸着剤、または安定的に固定化可能な物質もしくは無臭物質へ変換して固定化する反応吸着剤とすることによる悪臭物質の除去方法を鋭意検討した。
【００１０】
その結果、特定の温度条件下で、排出ガスを、マンガン酸化物と銅酸化物を含有し、かつ特定の組成を持った脱臭剤に接触させることにより、大幅に脱臭剤の取替え頻度を削減できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【００１１】
即ち、本発明は、マンガン酸化物と銅酸化物から構成される脱臭剤に、更に活性白土を添加することにより、高湿度条件下において、悪臭物質の除去性能を保持し、且つ、好ましくは高温での吸着した悪臭物質の脱離反応を抑え、悪臭除去作用の保持時間を長くすることを特徴とする生ゴミの悪臭物質除去方法を提供するものである。
【００１２】
即ち、本発明は、以下の（１）〜（３）に記載した事項により特定される。
【００１３】
（１）コンポスト装置から排出されるガス中の悪臭物質を除去する方法において、脱臭剤が、マンガン酸化物と銅酸化物を重量比で９：１から４：６の割合で含み、かつ、粘土化合物を、脱臭剤の総重量に対し１０−９０重量％含有する混合物であり、該粘土化合物が活性白土であることを特徴とする悪臭物質の除去方法。
【００１４】
（２）該活性白土が、酸処理された活性白土である、上記（１）に記載の悪臭物質の除去方法。
【００１５】
（３）排出ガスを３０−１２０℃に加温した後、脱臭剤と接触させることを特徴とする上記（１）又は（２）に記載の悪臭物質の除去方法。
【００１６】
【発明の実施の形態】
コンポストから排出されるガスは、生ごみから発生する大量の水蒸気を含む。この水蒸気が、脱臭設備の脱臭剤表面に結露することを避けるためには、排出ガス温度を好ましくは３０℃以上、さらに好ましくは５０℃以上に保つことが好適である。
【００１７】
温度の上限は特に限定されるものではないが、本発明の脱臭剤において、１２０℃までは臭気成分が破過しないことが判っている。しかしながら、排出ガスを必要以上に高温にすることは経済面及び安全面において無意味である。よって、できれば５０℃から１２０℃とすることが好ましく、より好適には８０℃〜９０℃の範囲である。
【００１８】
本発明で使用されるマンガン酸化物は、特に限定されないがＭｎＯ2であることが好ましい。また、ＭｎＯ、Ｍｎ2Ｏ3、Ｍｎ3Ｏ4等が含有されていてもよい。ＭｎＯ2の調製法としては、例えば、硝酸マンガン、炭酸マンガンの焼成、過マンガン酸カリの酸分解、過マンガン酸カリと硫酸マンガンの液相酸化反応による調製法等が例示できる。また、マンガン酸化物の比表面積は特には限定されないが、一般的には高いものほど好ましく、好ましくは１００ｍ2／ｇ以上とすることができ、更に好ましくは２００ｍ2／ｇ以上とすることができる。
【００１９】
本発明で使用される銅酸化物は、ＣｕＯであることが好ましいが、亜酸化銅、塩基性炭酸銅、水酸化銅が含有されていてもよい。
【００２０】
本発明の方法において、マンガン酸化物と銅酸化物の混合物は、物理混合法または共沈法でのいずれの方法において調製してもよい。物理混合法としては、それぞれの酸化物を混合する乾式物理混合、各成分またはその前駆体のスラリーで混合する湿式混練が例示できるが、いずれの方法を用いてもよい。
【００２１】
本発明の方法において、マンガン酸化物と銅酸化物の混合割合は重量比で９：１から６：４の範囲で悪臭物質の除去効果を期待できるが、重量比で８：２から６：４であることが更に好ましい。
【００２２】
マンガン酸化物と銅酸化物の重量比が９：１から６：４の範囲外であると、悪臭物質の除去性能が低下し、好ましくない。
【００２３】
本発明の方法において使用する脱臭剤に含有される粘土化合物の含有量は、脱臭剤の総重量に対し、１０〜９０重量％とすることが好ましい。この割合が１０重量％より低い場合は、排ガス中の悪臭物質そのもの、またはそれが変化した他の悪臭物質が、短い寿命で破過しはじめるため、好ましくない。また、９０重量％を超える場合は、排ガス中の悪臭物質そのものが速やかに破過し始めるため好ましくない。粘土化合物としては、保水性、吸水性が高く、酸性質を有するものがよく、市販の活性白土やモンモリロナイトを硫酸、塩酸等で酸処理したものが挙げられる。また、脱臭剤を構成する粘土化合物は、それぞれ単独で加えても、混合して添加してもよい。
【００２４】
本発明の方法で使用する脱臭剤の形状は、ペレット状、シート状、ハニカム状等の種々の形状にすることができる。脱臭剤を構成する各成分またはその前駆体を混合した後、成型し、乾燥、場合によっては焼成することで、成型体が得られる。また、ハニカム等に各成分を添着してもよい。
【００２５】
【実施例】
以下、本発明について、実施例及び比較例により具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれになんら制約されるものではない。
【００２６】
（コンポスト排気ガスの悪臭除去試験）
直径１．６ミリメートルのペレット状に成形した脱臭剤を、内径２ｃｍの反応管に１０ｍｌ充填して、試験を３回行った。第１回試験は温度５０℃、ガス流量２５リットル／分にて、第２回試験は温度５０℃、ガス流量８リットル／分にて、第３回試験は温度８０℃、ガス流量８リットル／分にて、コンポスト装置からの排気ガスを通過させ、反応管出口臭気を官能検査にて判定した。
【００２７】
（実施例１）
二酸化マンガン、酸化銅と活性白土Ａ（硫酸処理タイプ）を４０：１０：５０の比率で含有する脱臭剤を用いて、上記第１回試験、第２回試験、第３回試験を実施した。結果を表１に示す。
【００２８】
（実施例２）
二酸化マンガン、酸化銅と活性白土Ｂ（塩酸処理タイプ）を４０：１０：５０の比率で含有する脱臭剤を用いて、実施例１と同様の条件で脱臭性能試験を実施した。結果を表１に示す。
【００２９】
（比較例１）
二酸化マンガン、酸化銅とベントナイトを７０：２０：１０の比率で含有する脱臭剤を用いて、実施例１と同様の条件で脱臭性能試験を実施した。結果を表１に示す。
【００３０】
（比較例２）
二酸化マンガン、酸化銅と活性炭を４０：１０：５０の比率で含有する脱臭剤を用いて、実施例１と同様の条件で脱臭性能試験を実施した。結果を表１に示す。
【００３１】
（比較例３）
粒状活性炭を用いて、実施例１と同様の条件で脱臭性能試験を実施した。結果を表１に併せて示す。
【００３２】
【表１】
（実施例３）
二酸化マンガンと酸化銅と活性白土（商品名：トンシル：ズードケミー社製を使用）を重量比で４０：１０：５０の比率で含有する脱臭剤を用いて、温度が１２０℃で、ガス流量が８リットル／分あったこと以外は実施例１に記載した試験条件と同様の条件で脱臭性能試験を実施した。その結果、出口排出ガスは無臭であった。
【００３４】
（実施例４）
温度を５０−８０℃に保持したこと以外は、実施例５と同様の条件で、２ヶ月間のライフ試験を実施した。出口より臭気のリークはみられなかった。
【００３５】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、コンポスト装置から発生する悪臭物質を除去するために使用する除去剤（吸着剤）の使用時間を長くすることができ、剤の取り替え頻度を大幅に削減することができるので、経済的メリットが極めて大きい。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for removing malodorous substances generated by decay of raw garbage in a composting facility for reusing raw garbage related to food discarded at home, restaurants and the like as fertilizer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the compost facility, conventionally, adsorbents such as activated carbon and zeolite are used as deodorizers to remove malodors generated from garbage. The mechanism for removing these malodors is mainly called physical adsorption, and takes in malodorous substances into the pores of the adsorbent.
[0003]
Therefore, when the malodorous substance accumulated in the adsorbent is saturated, the malodorous substance starts to break through, and it is necessary to regenerate the adsorbent by heating or the like. However, since the malodorous substance is released as it is during this regeneration, it is customary that the regeneration operation is not actually performed and is discarded as it is.
[0004]
The frequency of replacement of adsorbents such as activated carbon in compost facilities varies depending on the changes in the components of the garbage itself, the amount of adsorbent used, and the deodorization equipment, but malodors will leak in about one to two months. At first, it is replaced when the odor diffusion state exceeds the allowable range, and the number of days cannot be limited, but the limit is approximately three months.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is characterized by extending the use time of a remover (adsorbent) used to remove malodorous substances generated from a composting device, and a method for greatly reducing the frequency of agent replacement. Its purpose is to provide.
[0006]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a deodorizing equipment for a composting apparatus, in which the deodorizing agent is prevented from deteriorating due to mist, preferably by heating, and an adsorbent that does not desorb malodorous substances by heating is used as the deodorizing agent. It aims at providing the method of reducing the replacement frequency of an agent significantly by using.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have examined whether the lifetime of the deodorizing performance of activated carbon, which is an adsorbent that has been mainly used, can be extended. Then, when the activated carbon filling container of the deodorizing equipment of the composting apparatus used for one month was confirmed, wetting by dew condensation of water vapor was observed in about 80% of the filled activated carbon.
[0008]
In other words, apart from the limit of the adsorption capacity of activated carbon, the cause of the decrease in the deodorization capacity was found to be that the mist generated in the composting device poisoned the adsorbent in the deodorization equipment. I tried to prevent condensation by heating. When the container filled with activated carbon was heated (50-100 ° C) and compost exhaust gas was vented, it was not much different from room temperature (when not heated) at 50 ° C, but at 70 ° C or higher, It was confirmed that odor leaked from the exit.
[0009]
As a result, the inventors of the present invention have determined that it is difficult to significantly reduce the replacement frequency targeted by the present invention by removing malodorous substances by physical adsorption such as activated carbon, and the adsorbent used is a strong chemical adsorbent, Alternatively, the present inventors have intensively studied a method for removing malodorous substances by using a reaction adsorbent which is converted into a substance that can be stably immobilized or an odorless substance and immobilized.
[0010]
As a result, it is possible to greatly reduce the frequency of replacement of the deodorant by contacting the exhaust gas with a deodorant containing manganese oxide and copper oxide and having a specific composition under a specific temperature condition. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
[0011]
That is, the present invention maintains the performance of removing malodorous substances under high humidity conditions by adding further activated clay to the deodorizer composed of manganese oxide and copper oxide, and preferably at high temperature. It is intended to provide a method for removing malodorous substances from garbage, which suppresses the desorption reaction of adsorbed malodorous substances and increases the retention time of the malodor removing action.
[0012]
That is, this invention is specified by the matter described in the following (1)- (3) .
[0013]
(1) In the method for removing malodorous substances in gas discharged from a composting apparatus, the deodorizer contains manganese oxide and copper oxide in a weight ratio of 9: 1 to 4: 6, and clay. A method for removing malodorous substances, characterized in that the compound is a mixture containing 10 to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the deodorizer, and the clay compound is activated clay .
[0014]
(2) the active clay is an acid-treated activated clay, the method for removing offensive odor substances according to (1).
[0015]
(3) The method for removing malodorous substances according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the exhaust gas is heated to 30 to 120 ° C. and then contacted with a deodorizing agent .
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The gas discharged from the compost contains a large amount of water vapor generated from the garbage. In order to prevent the water vapor from condensing on the surface of the deodorizer of the deodorization equipment, the exhaust gas temperature is preferably maintained at 30 ° C. or higher, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher.
[0017]
The upper limit of the temperature is not particularly limited, but it has been found that in the deodorizer of the present invention, the odor component does not break through up to 120 ° C. However, it is meaningless in terms of economy and safety to raise the exhaust gas to a temperature higher than necessary. Therefore, if possible, it is preferable to set it as 50 to 120 degreeC, More preferably, it is the range of 80 to 90 degreeC.
[0018]
The manganese oxide used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably MnO 2 . Furthermore, MnO, Mn 2 O 3, Mn 3 O 4 , etc. may be contained. Examples of the method for preparing MnO 2 include manganese nitrate and manganese carbonate firing, acid decomposition of potassium permanganate, and a liquid phase oxidation reaction of potassium permanganate and manganese sulfate. Further, the specific surface area of the manganese oxide is not particularly limited, but is generally preferably as high as possible, preferably 100 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 200 m 2 / g or more. .
[0019]
The copper oxide used in the present invention is preferably CuO, but may contain cuprous oxide, basic copper carbonate, and copper hydroxide.
[0020]
In the method of the present invention, the mixture of manganese oxide and copper oxide may be prepared by any method of a physical mixing method or a coprecipitation method. Examples of the physical mixing method include dry physical mixing in which the respective oxides are mixed, and wet kneading in which each component or its precursor is mixed, but any method may be used.
[0021]
In the method of the present invention, the mixing ratio of manganese oxide and copper oxide can be expected to remove malodorous substances in the range of 9: 1 to 6: 4 by weight, but from 8: 2 to 6: 4 by weight. More preferably.
[0022]
If the weight ratio of manganese oxide to copper oxide is outside the range of 9: 1 to 6: 4, the removal performance of malodorous substances is lowered, which is not preferable.
[0023]
The content of the clay compound contained in the deodorizer used in the method of the present invention is preferably 10 to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the deodorizer. When this ratio is lower than 10% by weight, the malodorous substance itself in the exhaust gas or other malodorous substance in which it has changed starts to break through in a short lifetime, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it exceeds 90% by weight, the malodorous substance itself in the exhaust gas starts to break through quickly, which is not preferable. As the clay compound, those having high water retention and water absorption and acid properties are preferable, and commercially available activated clay or montmorillonite is acid-treated with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or the like. Moreover, the clay compound which comprises a deodorizing agent may be added individually or may be mixed and added, respectively.
[0024]
The shape of the deodorizer used in the method of the present invention can be various shapes such as a pellet shape, a sheet shape, and a honeycomb shape. After mixing each component which comprises a deodorizer, or its precursor, it shape | molds, and a molded object is obtained by drying, and baking depending on the case. In addition, each component may be attached to a honeycomb or the like.
[0025]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example demonstrate this invention concretely, this invention is not restrict | limited at all to this.
[0026]
(Compost exhaust gas malodor removal test)
The test was performed three times by filling 10 ml of a deodorizing agent formed into a pellet having a diameter of 1.6 mm into a reaction tube having an inner diameter of 2 cm. The first test was at a temperature of 50 ° C. and a gas flow rate of 25 liters / minute, the second test was at a temperature of 50 ° C. and a gas flow rate of 8 liters / minute, and the third test was a temperature of 80 ° C. and a gas flow rate of 8 liters / minute. In minutes, the exhaust gas from the composting device was passed, and the reaction tube outlet odor was judged by sensory test.
[0027]
(Example 1)
The first test, the second test, and the third test were conducted using a deodorizer containing manganese dioxide, copper oxide, and activated clay A (sulfuric acid treatment type) in a ratio of 40:10:50. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0028]
(Example 2)
A deodorization performance test was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 using a deodorizer containing manganese dioxide, copper oxide and activated clay B (hydrochloric acid treatment type) in a ratio of 40:10:50. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0029]
(Comparative Example 1 )
A deodorization performance test was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 1 using a deodorizer containing manganese dioxide, copper oxide and bentonite in a ratio of 70:20:10. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0030]
(Comparative Example 2)
A deodorization performance test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 using a deodorizer containing manganese dioxide, copper oxide and activated carbon in a ratio of 40:10:50. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0031]
(Comparative Example 3)
A deodorizing performance test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 using granular activated carbon. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0032]
[Table 1]
(Example 3)
Using a deodorizer containing manganese dioxide, copper oxide and activated clay (trade name: Tonsil: manufactured by Sud Chemie) in a weight ratio of 40:10:50, the temperature is 120 ° C. and the gas flow rate is 8 A deodorization performance test was performed under the same conditions as the test conditions described in Example 1 except that it was 1 liter / minute. As a result, the outlet exhaust gas was odorless.
[0034]
Example 4
A life test for 2 months was conducted under the same conditions as in Example 5 except that the temperature was maintained at 50-80 ° C. There was no odor leak from the exit.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the use time of the remover (adsorbent) used for removing malodorous substances generated from the composting apparatus can be extended, and the frequency of agent replacement can be greatly reduced. The benefits are extremely large.
Claims (3)
脱臭剤が、マンガン酸化物と銅酸化物を重量比で９：１から４：６の割合で含み、かつ、粘土化合物を、脱臭剤の総重量に対し１０−９０重量％含有する混合物であり、さらに、該粘土化合物が活性白土である
ことを特徴とする悪臭物質の除去方法。In the method of removing malodorous substances in the gas discharged from the composting device,
The deodorizer is a mixture containing manganese oxide and copper oxide in a weight ratio of 9: 1 to 4: 6 and containing 10 to 90% by weight of the clay compound based on the total weight of the deodorizer. Furthermore, the malodorous substance removing method, wherein the clay compound is activated clay .
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001316872A JP4138289B2 (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2001-10-15 | Method for removing malodorous substances generated from composting equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001316872A JP4138289B2 (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2001-10-15 | Method for removing malodorous substances generated from composting equipment |
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| JP4138289B2 true JP4138289B2 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
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| KR100857245B1 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-09-05 | 서울시립대학교 산학협력단 | CATALYST COMPOSITION FOR REMOVING NOx, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF AND REMOVING PROCESS OF NOx USING IT |
| KR101610757B1 (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-04-08 | 주식회사 세일에프에이 | Composite composition for removing harmful gas containing manganese-copper catalyst |
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