JP4128392B2 - Hybrid guide device for machine tools - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a guide device that guides a linear motion of a table or the like of a machine tool, and more particularly to a hybrid guide device that combines a sliding guide and a rolling guide as a guide mechanism.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a machine tool, a sliding guide and a rolling guide are mainly used as a guide mechanism for a moving body such as a column, a spindle head, and a table.
[0003]
The sliding guide has a sliding contact with the guide surface, has a high static rigidity, and is superior to the rolling guide in terms of damping against vibration that causes chatter.
[0004]
On the other hand, in the rolling guide, the contact type with the guide surface is rolling contact, and the damping against vibration is low, but the frictional resistance is small and the high speed performance and motion accuracy are superior to the sliding guide. In short, the sliding guide and the rolling guide have the advantage that each other has the other advantage, and the other has the advantage.
[0005]
In recent years, in order to utilize the characteristics of the sliding guide and the rolling guide, a hybrid type guide mechanism combining a sliding guide and a rolling guide has been developed. Examples of the prior art of such a hybrid type guide device include those disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 9-131634 and 2001-9655.
[0006]
Conventionally, a sliding guide has been mainly used as a guide mechanism for a moving body of a machine tool. In recent years, a rolling guide tends to be gradually used in order to meet a strong demand for speeding up a machine.
[0007]
This tendency is similar to the conventional hybrid type guide devices including the guide device disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 9-131634. The basic design philosophy is to use rolling guidance as a supplement to sliding guidance in order to suppress lift and add high-speed adaptability.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, while rolling guides are excellent in high speed, there is a problem that waving due to pulsation caused by the entry or exit of a roller or a ball occurs and undulations occur periodically.
[0009]
In the conventional hybrid guidance, the lifting of the sliding guidance is suppressed by using the rolling guidance, but no effective countermeasure has been taken for waving.
[0010]
In addition, even if it is a machine tool that adopts hybrid guidance, there are various ways of use by the user, and there are various stages of machining from roughing to finishing, and the target workpiece is also aluminum, steel, casting There are various things. There are processes that do not require much shape accuracy and surface precision, and there are other processes that strictly require surface accuracy and shape precision. Furthermore, there is a case where it is required that a single machine can cope with all processing in a general purpose.
[0011]
In this regard, the conventional hybrid guidance can change the ratio of the rolling guidance, but for the sliding guidance, the number of sliding surfaces can be increased or decreased according to the processing conditions and the user's request. Is not considered, and there is a problem of lack of flexible adaptability.
[0012]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art and to select the number of sliding surfaces selectively so that the guide can be individually adapted to the processing conditions. An object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid guide device for a machine tool.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention provides a rolling guide that constitutes a main guide surface that serves as a reference for linear motion on a base of a moving body in a machine tool, and a secondary guide that complements the rolling guide. made from a combination of sliding guide, said sliding guide has a first sliding surface parallel to each other in the rolling guide surface, the second sliding surface, the sliding surface consisting of three surfaces of the third sliding surface perpendicular thereto and , the first through of the third sliding surface, and a freely selectable sliding guide unit combinations of a single sliding surface or all of the sliding surface or any two of the sliding surface, the sliding guide unit body, wherein comprises first through third sub-blocks each having a slider which slides each sliding surface, these first through third divided blocks, a single split blocks or all It is characterized in configuring the freely combinable blocks combined structure of divided blocks or any two of the divided blocks.
[0014]
The sliding guide unit can be composed of a combination structure of a plurality of divided blocks each having a slider that slides on each sliding surface and that can be arbitrarily combined.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a hybrid guide device for a machine tool according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0017]
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which a hybrid guide apparatus according to the present invention is applied to a table feed guide mechanism of a machining center, and is a view of a table as viewed from the front in a moving direction.
[0018]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 indicates a bed. The bed 10 is fixed on the base 11. On the bed 10, a table 12 is installed as a moving body. Reference numeral 13 denotes a ball screw constituting a feed mechanism of the table 12, and extends in the longitudinal direction of the bed 10.
[0019]
On the upper surface of the bed 10, a pair of guide rails 14 a and 14 b are laid in parallel with the ball screw 13 on both the left and right sides. Rolling guide units 15a and 15b are attached to the lower surface of the table 12, and engage with the guide rails 14a and 14b, respectively. The rolling guide units 15a and 15b incorporate rollers (not shown), and the rollers roll on the guide rails 14a and 14b.
[0020]
In the hybrid guide device of the present invention, a guide surface serving as a reference for linear motion of the table 12 on the bed 10 is constituted as a guide mainly of rolling guide. This guide surface is parallel to the upper surface of the bed 10.
[0021]
In the hybrid guide device of the present invention, the following slip guides as subordinate guides are arranged on the outside of the rolling guide and combined to constitute the hybrid guide device of the present invention.
[0022]
Three side surfaces are formed on the side surfaces of the bed 10 on both the left and right sides in the feed direction of the table 10, and these three surfaces extend in parallel with the guide rails 14a and 14b. It has become.
[0023]
That is, as shown in FIG. 1, there are three sliding surfaces, the first sliding surfaces 16a and 16b, the second sliding surfaces 17a and 17b, and the third sliding surfaces 18a and 18b in order from the top. And in the relationship with the guide surface comprised by the rolling guide used as the main body of guidance, the 2nd sliding surfaces 17a and 17b are perpendicular | vertical with respect to this guide surface. The first sliding surfaces 16a and 16b and the third sliding surfaces 18a and 18b are perpendicular to the second sliding surfaces 17a and 17b.
[0024]
Next, reference numerals 19a and 19b indicate slip guide units, respectively. Each of the slide guide units 19a and 19b is composed of a combined structure composed of three divided blocks, corresponding to the number of slide surfaces described above. That is, the first divided blocks 20a and 20b, the second divided blocks 21a and 21b, and the third divided blocks 22a and 22b are formed in this order from the top. First sliders 23a and 23b sliding on the first sliding surfaces 16a and 16b are fixed to the first divided blocks 20a and 20b in advance. Second sliders 24a and 24b sliding on the second sliding surfaces 17a and 17b are fixed to the second divided blocks 21a and 21b in advance. Similarly, third sliders 25a and 25b sliding on the third sliding surfaces 18a and 18b are fixed to the third divided blocks 22a and 22b in advance.
[0025]
Each divided block constituting the main body part of the sliding guide unit is configured to be detachable in several combinations in combination with other divided blocks. In the case of this embodiment, the first divided blocks 20 a and 20 b can be fixed to the side surface of the table 12 using bolts 26. The second divided blocks 21a and 21b can be coupled to the first divided blocks 20a and 20b using a fastening member (not shown). Similarly, the third divided blocks 22a and 22b can be coupled to the second divided blocks 21a and 21b.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, two sliding guide units 19 a and 19 b are arranged on one side surface of the table 12 and four on both sides for convenience. In this case, in order to give appropriate attenuation to the table feed system, the number of slide guide units 19a and 19b, the width of each divided block, the pressing force of the slider, and the like are set.
[0027]
The hybrid guide device for a machine tool according to the present embodiment is configured as described above. Next, its operation and effects will be described.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 1, the slip guide units 19a and 19b are provided with the first divided block 20a in the case where the damping property is more important as in the finishing process that requires high surface accuracy and shape accuracy of the workpiece. 20b, the second divided blocks 21a and 21b, and the third divided blocks 22a and 22b are used in combination.
[0029]
By doing so, the sliding guide units 19a and 19b have a total of three sliding surfaces including the first sliding surfaces 16a and 16b on the upper surface, the second sliding surfaces 17a and 17b on the side surfaces, and the third sliding surfaces 18a and 18b on the lower surface. It will be a hybrid guide that has both a sliding guide and a rolling guide.
[0030]
When the table 12 is sent during processing, the rollers of the rolling guide units 15a and 15b roll on the guide rails 14a and 14b, and the linear motion of the table 12 is guided by the rolling guide. And while the table 12 is moving, between the 1st slide surfaces 16a and 16b which comprise a slide guide, and the 1st sliders 20a and 20b, between the 2nd slide surfaces 17a and 17b, and the 2nd sliders 21a and 21b. Furthermore, since frictional force is generated between the third sliding surfaces 18a and 18b and the third sliders 22a and 22b, and a large damping property is added to the hybrid guide, cutting vibration generated during machining can be attenuated. it can.
[0031]
In addition, the waving generated in the rolling guide has an up-down direction and a left-right direction. The up-down direction waving is performed by the first sliders 23a, 23b sliding on the first sliding surfaces 16a, 16b on the upper surface and the third sliding surface 18a on the lower surface. , 18b can be effectively suppressed from both sides by the third sliders 25a, 25b. The waving in the lateral direction can be suppressed by the second sliders 24a and 24b sliding on the second sliding surfaces 17a and 17b on the side surfaces, and the waving in all directions can be suppressed as a whole.
[0032]
In combination with the above high damping properties, the effect of suppressing waving is also great, so that it is possible to ensure high surface accuracy and shape accuracy necessary for a workpiece, protect the tool from vibration, and improve the tool life.
[0033]
Next, FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which the sliding guide units 19a and 19b are used in combination with the first divided blocks 20a and 20b and the second divided blocks 21a and 21b.
[0034]
By doing so, the sliding guide units 19a and 19b become hybrid guides having both sliding guidance using the first sliding surfaces 16a and 16b on the upper surface and the second sliding surfaces 17a and 17b on the side surfaces and rolling guidance. It is possible to cope with the case where surface accuracy and shape accuracy according to the above finishing process are required.
[0035]
Further, by using the upper and side sliding surfaces, it is possible to offset the lateral forces applied to the rolling guide units 15a and 15b.
[0036]
FIG. 4 shows that the sliding guide units 19a and 19b use only the first divided blocks 20a and 20b and have only one surface of the first sliding surfaces 16a and 16b, and harmonize the damping property of the sliding guide with the high speed of the rolling guide. This is an example of configuring hybrid guidance.
[0037]
As described above, the number of sliding surfaces can be easily selected from 1 to 3 according to processing conditions.
[0038]
In addition, the number of attached sliding guide units 19a and 19b may be increased, each divided block may be replaced with one having a large width, or the processing conditions may be appropriately met.
[0039]
As shown in FIG. 5, when the surface accuracy or shape accuracy is not required for the workpiece, if the bolt 26 is returned and all of the sliding guide units 19a and 19b are removed from the table 12, only rolling guidance is provided from the hybrid guidance. You can switch to guidance.
[0040]
Then, the cutting speed of the table 12 can be increased and the efficiency of roughing can be improved by taking advantage of the high speed and the good motion accuracy, which are the greatest advantages of the rolling guide.
[0041]
At this time, since only the rolling guide is provided, there is a possibility that waving may occur. However, since this is a rough machining in which efficiency is more important than a requirement for accuracy, there is no problem.
[0042]
The above explanation is based on the assumption that the combination of the divided blocks for the slip guide is selected according to the processing conditions at the processing site. Accordingly, the number of sliding surfaces can be selected, manufactured, and sold.
[0043]
As described above, the hybrid guide apparatus according to the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment applied to guide a table of a machining center. However, the present invention is applicable to various moving bodies such as a spindle head of a machine tool, a saddle, and a cross rail. Applicable for guidance.
[0044]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, it is possible to selectively select the structure of the sliding guide according to the processing mode, the degree of necessity, and the like. It is possible to provide a guide that is provided with a damping property and a waving suppression function that are individually adapted to the processing conditions in consideration of the specific gravity.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view showing a hybrid guide device for a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view showing the machine tool hybrid guide device according to the embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a front view showing a state in which the sliding surface of the hybrid guide device for a machine tool according to the embodiment has two surfaces.
FIG. 4 is a front view showing a state in which the sliding surface of the hybrid guide device for a machine tool according to the embodiment is a single surface.
FIG. 5 is a front view showing a state where the hybrid guide device for a machine tool according to the embodiment is switched to only rolling guidance without using a sliding surface.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Bed 11 Base 12 Table 13 Ball screw 14a, 14b Guide rail 15a, 15b Rolling guide unit 16a, 16b First sliding surface 17a, 17b Second sliding surface 18a, 18b Third sliding surface 19a, 19b Sliding guide unit 20a, 20b 1st division block 21a, 21b 2nd division block 22a, 22b 3rd division block

Claims (1)

It consists of a combination of a rolling guide that constitutes a main guide surface serving as a reference for linear motion on the base of a moving body in a machine tool, and a sliding guide as a secondary guide that complements the rolling guide,
The sliding guide comprises a first sliding surface parallel to each other in the rolling guide surface, the second sliding surface, the sliding surface made of three surfaces of the third sliding surface perpendicular thereto,
Among the first to third sliding surface, and a freely selectable sliding guide unit combinations of a single sliding surface or all of the sliding surface or any two of the sliding surface,
Body of the sliding guide unit, wherein comprises first through third sub-blocks each having a slider which slides each sliding surface, these first through third divided blocks, a single split blocks or all the divided blocks Alternatively, a hybrid guide device for a machine tool, comprising a block combination structure in which any two divided blocks can be arbitrarily combined.

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