JP3948994B2 - Processing machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a processing machine that removes unnecessary parts of a work piece by cutting, grinding, or other methods to make a required dimensional shape.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The processing machine has three main motions: (1) main motion, (2) feed motion, and (3) position adjustment motion. The main movement is the relative movement between the tool and the workpiece for removing unnecessary parts of the workpiece as chips, the feed movement is the movement that continues the machining, and the position adjustment movement is the movement during machining. It is a movement that determines the margin or finished dimensions. The performance that the processing machine should have is high and stable processing accuracy. The trajectory of the relative motion between the tool and the workpiece due to these is transferred to the workpiece, whereby the workpiece is processed.
[0003]
In a conventional processing machine, an electric motor for giving a main motion to a tool, a feed table for giving a feed motion to a workpiece, a positioning table for adjusting a cutting position of the tool, etc. are mounted on a huge base. It was.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional processing machine, the processing point where the tool and the workpiece come into contact is at a high position due to the huge base, while the center of gravity of the processing machine is positioned far below the processing point. In a processing machine having such a structure, when vibration is generated due to relative movement between the tool and the workpiece, the amplitude of vibration at a processing point far from the center of gravity increases, which may cause a decrease in processing accuracy. .
[0005]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a processing machine that can maintain high processing accuracy even when vibration occurs in the processing machine.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention will be described below. In addition, in order to make an understanding of this invention easy, the reference number of an accompanying drawing is attached in parenthesis writing, However, This invention is not limited to the form of illustration.
[0007]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor pays attention to the position of the center of gravity of the entire processing machine and the position of the processing point, and by making these positions substantially coincide, the influence of vibration is less likely to occur at the processing point. I found out.
[0008]
That is, according to the present invention, the workpiece (4) or the tool (3, 3) is given a main motion consisting of a rotational motion or a linear motion, and at least one of the workpiece (4) and the tool (3, 3) is rotated or linear. A processing machine (1) for processing a workpiece (4) by applying a feed motion consisting of a motion, at or near a processing point where the tools (3, 3) and the workpiece (4) are in contact with each other, The above-described problem is solved by the processing machine (1) characterized in that the center of gravity (P) of the entire processing machine (1) is arranged.
[0009]
According to the present invention, even if vibration occurs in the processing machine, the influence of vibration hardly occurs at the processing point. For this reason, high processing accuracy can be maintained. One reason for this is the vibration mode of the entire processing machine. If the processing point and the center of gravity of the processing machine are matched, the processing point will be located at the vibration node. It is conceivable that the amplitude of becomes smaller.
[0010]
When the feed motion is a linear motion, the position of the center of gravity of the entire processing machine in the feed direction varies depending on, for example, the length and position of the feed table. Therefore, in such a case, the processing point and the center of gravity of the entire processing machine need only substantially coincide with each other on a plane orthogonal to the feed movement direction.
[0011]
That is, according to the present invention, as described in claim 2, the workpiece (4) or the tool (3, 3) is given a main motion consisting of rotational motion or linear motion, and the workpiece (4) and the tool (3, 3) are provided. ) Is a processing machine (1) for processing a workpiece (4) by giving a feed motion comprising a linear motion to at least one of the workpiece (4) and the tool (3, 3). On the plane orthogonal to the moving feed direction (Y-axis direction), the center of gravity (P) of the entire processing machine (1) is at or near the processing point where the tools (3, 3) and the workpiece (4) are in contact. ) Can be configured as a processing machine (1).
[0012]
Further, according to the present invention, as described in claim 3, the tool (3, 3) is given a main motion consisting of rotational motion, and at least one of the workpiece (4) and the tool (3, 3) consists of linear motion. A processing machine (1) for processing a workpiece (4) by applying a feed movement, a base (2), and a table (5) provided on the base (2) and to which the workpiece (4) is attached A feed motion imparting means (13) for linearly moving at least one of the table (5) and the tool (3, 3); and a main motion imparting means (6) for imparting a rotational motion to the tool (3, 3). 6), and in the plane perpendicular to the feed direction (Y-axis direction) in which at least one of the workpiece (4) and the tool (3, 3) linearly moves, the tool (3, 3) and the tool At the machining point where the workpiece (4) comes into contact Can also be configured as a machine (1) processing machine of the center of gravity of the whole is characterized in that it is arranged (1).
[0013]
In the plane perpendicular to the feed direction (Y-axis direction) in which at least one of the workpiece (4) and the tool (3, 3) moves linearly, the tool (3, 3) is the workpiece (4). ) And the processing machine (1) may have a substantially symmetrical shape with respect to the workpiece (4).
[0014]
If the processing machine is configured in this manner, it becomes easy to match the processing point with the center of gravity of the entire processing machine.
[0015]
Furthermore, the present invention provides the tool (3, 3) in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the feed direction in which at least one of the workpiece (4) and the tool (3, 3) linearly moves. Perpendicular to the feed direction (Y-axis direction) and the X-axis direction in which at least one of the workpiece (4) and the tool (3, 3) linearly moves. Position adjusting means (23, 23) for linearly moving the tool (3, 3) in the Z-axis direction, and the tool (3, 3) may be a grinding wheel (3, 3).
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. The processing machine 1 of the present embodiment is characterized in that the base 2 is downsized so that it can be placed on a movable table, unlike the conventional processing machine in which the base is directly placed on the ground. By reducing the size of the base 2, the center of gravity of the entire processing machine 1 is raised, and the center of gravity of the entire processing machine (the center of gravity point P) can be increased to the vicinity of the processing point.
[0017]
The processing machine 1 according to the present embodiment is a kind of surface grinding machine, for example, using the outer circumferences of grinding wheels 3 and 3 as tools to polish both side surfaces of a linear rail for a linear motion guide device as a workpiece 4. To do. That is, the grinding wheel 3 and 3 is given a main motion consisting of a rotational motion, and the workpiece 4 is given a feeding motion consisting of a linear motion to polish the workpiece 4. The height of the entire processing machine is set lower than the height of a person, for example, about 570 mm, the depth length is set, for example, about 910 mm, and the lateral width is set, for example, about 900 mm. Thus, the size of the entire processing machine is extremely small as compared with the conventional processing machine.
[0018]
A table 5 is provided on the flat T-shaped base 2 so as to be linearly movable in the Y-axis direction in the figure. This Y-axis direction becomes the feed direction of the processing machine 1. Further, each of the pair of grinding wheels 3 and 3 is given rotational motion by electric motors 6 and 6 as main motion imparting means. The grinding wheels 3 and 3 can move linearly in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the feed direction so that the depth of cut can be adjusted, and the Z-axis direction orthogonal to the feed direction and X-axis direction so that the grinding height can be adjusted. It is possible to move linearly.
[0019]
The detail of each part of the processing machine 1 is demonstrated. 2 shows a front view of the processing machine 1 as viewed from the Y-axis direction, FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the processing machine 1, and FIG. 4 shows a side view of the processing machine as viewed from the X-axis direction.
[0020]
Near the center of the base 2, a table 5 to which the workpiece 4 is attached is arranged so as to be linearly movable in the Y-axis direction. The table 5 is large enough to allow the elongated workpiece 4 to be placed thereon, and the workpiece 4 extending elongated along the Y-axis direction is attached to the table 5. Between the base 2 and the table 5, a pair of linear guides 7 and 7 are provided for guiding the linear movement of the base in the Y-axis direction.
[0021]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, each linear guide 7 includes a rail 11 formed with a ball rolling groove as a rolling element rolling surface along the longitudinal direction, and a load rolling corresponding to the ball rolling groove. A block 12 provided with an infinite circulation path including a load ball rolling groove as a moving body rolling surface and assembled to be freely movable relative to the rail, and a relative movement of the rail and the block accommodated in the infinite circulation path. And a plurality of balls as rolling elements that circulate with the load ball and receive a load in the load ball rolling groove.
[0022]
The table 5 is linearly moved in the Y-axis direction by a feed screw mechanism 13 as feed motion imparting means. The feed screw mechanism 13 includes a motor 14 and a ball screw mechanism 15 as shown in FIG. The ball screw mechanism 15 includes a screw shaft 15a, a nut 15b that is screwed to the screw shaft 15a, and a plurality of balls that are interposed between the screw shaft 15a and the nut 15b. The output shaft of the motor 14 is connected to the screw shaft 15a through a joint. The motor 14 and the screw shaft 15a are attached to the base 2 side, and the nut 15b is attached to the table 5 side. When the motor 14 is driven, the screw shaft 15a rotates, and the nut 15b moves linearly along the screw shaft 15a. As a result, the table 5 moves linearly in the feed direction.
[0023]
In this embodiment, the feed motion applying means for feeding the table 5 is adopted as the feed motion applying means. However, a linear motor or the like can be used instead. . In this embodiment, the table 5 is linearly moved with respect to the base 2 to give the workpiece a feed movement. Of course, the table 5 is fixed to the base 2 and the grinding wheels 3 and 3 are fed with the feed movement. May be. Furthermore, it is good also as a structure which makes both the table 5 and the grinding wheels 3 and 3 move relative in a feed direction.
[0024]
In FIG. 2, grinding wheels 3 and 3 are provided on both sides of the workpiece 4. Each grinding wheel 3 is directly connected to an electric motor 6, and a rotational motion is given by the electric motor 6. Each electric motor 6 is attached to the base 2 via a cutting table 16, a column 17, a vertical position adjusting table 18, and the like. The processing machine 1 constituted by the base 2, the cutting tables 16 and 16, the columns 17 and 17, the vertical position adjustment tables 18 and 18, the electric motors 6 and 6, etc. has a substantially symmetrical shape with respect to the workpiece 4 in FIG. Have
[0025]
The electric motor 6 is fixed to the vertical position adjustment table 18 so that the axis of the spindle is substantially perpendicular to the feed direction (Y-axis direction) and the cutting direction (X-axis direction). That is, in this embodiment, the axis of the spindle of the electric motor 6 faces the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). In order to rotate the grinding wheels 3 and 3 at high speed and precisely, for example, a dynamic pressure spindle motor is used for the electric motors 6 and 6. The dynamic pressure spindle motor uses a dynamic pressure bearing as a spindle bearing. This dynamic pressure bearing entrains liquid as the spindle rotates, and supports the spindle with the pressure of the liquid.
[0026]
The cutting tables 16 and 16 are disposed on both sides of the table 2 on the base 2 in the X-axis direction so as to be linearly movable in the X-axis direction. Between each cutting table 16 and the base 2, a pair of linear guides 20, 20 that guide the linear movement of the cutting table 16 in the X-axis direction are provided. Since the configuration of the linear guides 20 and 20 is the same as that of the linear guides 7 and 7, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
[0027]
The cutting tables 16 and 16 are linearly moved in the X-axis direction by feed screw mechanisms 21 and 21 as cutting motion applying means. Since the configuration of each part of the feed screw mechanisms 21 and 21 for linearly moving the cutting tables 16 and 16 is the same as that of the feed screw mechanism 13 of the table 5, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted. Depending on the amount of movement of the grinding wheels 3, 3 in the X-axis direction by the cutting tables 16, 16, the allowance for machining the workpiece 4 or the finished dimensions are determined.
[0028]
Columns 17 and 17 are fixed on the cutting tables 16 and 16. The pair of columns 17 provided on both sides of the workpiece have substantially the same shape. Each column 17 can support the electric motor 6 in a cantilever manner and has sufficient strength to receive a reaction force when the grinding wheels 3 and 3 process a workpiece.
[0029]
On the side surfaces of the columns 17 and 17, vertical position adjustment tables 18 and 18 are arranged so as to be linearly movable in the Z-axis direction. Between the side surface of each column 17 and each vertical position adjustment table 18, linear guides 22 and 22 are provided for guiding the vertical movement of the vertical position adjustment table 18 in the Z-axis direction. The vertical position adjusting tables 18 and 18 are linearly moved in the Z-axis direction by feed screw mechanisms 23 and 23 as position adjusting means. Since the configuration of each part of the feed screw mechanism 23, 23 for linearly moving the vertical position adjustment tables 18, 18 is the same as that of the feed screw mechanism 13 for linearly moving the table 5, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
[0030]
A method of using the processing machine having the above configuration will be described. First, the workpiece 4 is installed on the table 5. For the workpiece 4, for example, a relatively small rail or the like is used. Next, the motors 14 and 14 for raising and lowering the vertical position adjustment tables 18 and 18 are driven to adjust the grinding wheels 3 and 3 to a predetermined height. Next, the electric motors 6 and 6 are driven to rotate the grinding wheels 3 and 3 at high speed. After the outer peripheral surfaces of the grinding wheels 3 and 3 are brought into contact with the side surface of the workpiece 4, the motors 14 and 14 for linearly moving the cutting tables 16 and 16 are rotationally driven until a predetermined cutting amount is obtained. When the predetermined depth of cut is obtained, the motor 14 that linearly moves the table 5 in the feed direction is rotationally driven to feed the grinding wheels 3 and 3, and the workpiece 4 is ground.
[0031]
In the present embodiment, on the plane orthogonal to the feed direction in which the workpiece 4 linearly moves, that is, the plane shown in FIG. 2, the entire processing machine is positioned at or near the processing point where the grinding wheels 3 and 3 are in contact with the workpiece. A center of gravity P is arranged.
[0032]
A method of calculating the center of gravity of the entire processing machine will be described with reference to FIG. First, the reference point (0, 0, 0) of the processing machine 1 is set at a predetermined position. Next, the processing machine 1 is divided into a plurality of parts having the same specific gravity, for example, the base 2, the cutting tables 16 and 16, the columns 17 and 17, the vertical position adjustment tables 18 and 18, the electric motors 6 and 6, and the center of gravity of each part. Find the coordinates of. Finally, the center of gravity P of the entire processing machine is calculated by taking into account the weight of each part and the coordinates of the center of gravity. The center of gravity P of the entire processing machine is expressed as coordinates indicating the distance from the reference point, for example, (0, 530, 200).
[0033]
By arranging the center of gravity of the entire processing machine at or near the processing point, even if vibration occurs in the processing machine 1, the influence of vibration hardly occurs at the processing point. For this reason, even when vibration occurs in the processing machine 1, high processing accuracy can be maintained. One reason for this is the vibration mode of the entire processing machine. If the processing point and the center of gravity of the processing machine 1 coincide with each other, the processing point is positioned at the vibration node, and therefore the amplitude at the processing point. Is considered to be small.
[0034]
Here, in the XYZ directions, it is desirable that the center of gravity P of the processing machine 1 coincides with the processing point. However, when the feed motion is a linear motion as in this embodiment, the processing depends on the length and position of the table 5. The center of gravity in the feed direction of the entire machine changes. Therefore, in such a case, the processing point and the center of gravity P of the entire processing machine need only substantially coincide with each other on a plane orthogonal to the feed movement direction, that is, the plane shown in FIG.
[0035]
In the above embodiment, a case is described in which the present invention is applied to a grinding machine that uses a grinding wheel as a tool and gives a main motion consisting of a rotational motion to the tool. A lathe that gives the main motion consisting of rotary motion, a drill that uses the drill as a tool, a drilling machine that gives the main motion consisting of rotary motion to the tool, a milling machine that uses the milling tool to give the main motion consisting of rotary motion to the tool, It can be applied to machine tools such as grinders and planers.
[0036]
In the processing machine of the above embodiment, two grinding wheels 3 and 3 and two electric motors 6 and 6 are provided, and grinding is performed with the workpiece 4 sandwiched between both grinding wheels 3 and 3, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration. Alternatively, only one grinding wheel and electric motor may be provided and the left and right side surfaces of the workpiece may be processed alternately.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since the center of gravity of the entire processing machine is disposed at or near the processing point where the tool and the workpiece are in contact with each other, even if vibration occurs in the processing machine, the processing point In this case, the influence of vibration is less likely to occur. For this reason, high processing accuracy can be maintained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a processing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the processing machine as seen from the Y-axis direction.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the processing machine.
FIG. 4 is a side view of the processing machine viewed from the X-axis direction.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Processing machine 2 ... Base 3 ... Grinding wheel (tool)
4 ... work piece 5 ... table 6 ... electric motor (main motion imparting means)
21 ... Feed screw mechanism (cutting motion imparting means)
23 ... Feed screw mechanism (position adjustment means)
P ... Center of gravity

Claims (5)

A processing machine for processing a workpiece by giving a main motion consisting of rotational motion or linear motion to a workpiece or a tool and giving a feed motion consisting of rotational motion or linear motion to at least one of the workpiece and the tool,
A processing machine, wherein a center of gravity of the entire processing machine is disposed at or near a processing point where the tool and the workpiece are in contact with each other. A processing machine for processing a workpiece by giving a main motion consisting of a rotational motion or a linear motion to a workpiece or a tool, and giving a feed motion consisting of a linear motion to at least one of the workpiece and the tool,
The center of gravity of the entire processing machine is arranged at or near the processing point where the tool and the workpiece contact in a plane perpendicular to the feed direction in which at least one of the workpiece and the tool linearly moves. A processing machine. A processing machine for processing a workpiece by giving a main motion consisting of rotational motion to a tool and giving a feed motion consisting of linear motion to at least one of the workpiece and the tool,
Base and
A table provided on the base and to which a workpiece is attached;
Feed movement applying means for linearly moving at least one of the table and the tool;
A main motion imparting means for imparting a rotational motion to the tool;
The center of gravity of the entire processing machine is arranged at or near the processing point where the tool and the workpiece contact in a plane perpendicular to the feed direction in which at least one of the workpiece and the tool linearly moves. A processing machine.   In the plane perpendicular to the feed direction in which at least one of the workpiece and the tool linearly moves, the tool is disposed on both sides of the workpiece, and the processing machine has a shape that is substantially symmetrical with respect to the workpiece. The processing machine according to claim 3, further comprising: The processing machine further includes:
A cutting motion applying means for linearly moving the tool in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the feed direction in which at least one of the workpiece and the tool linearly moves;
A position adjusting means for linearly moving the tool in a feed direction in which at least one of the workpiece and the tool linearly moves and a Z-axis direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction;
The processing machine according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the tool is a grinding wheel.

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