JP4119947B2 - Ceramic porous body and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Ceramic porous body and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP4119947B2 JP4119947B2 JP2001353549A JP2001353549A JP4119947B2 JP 4119947 B2 JP4119947 B2 JP 4119947B2 JP 2001353549 A JP2001353549 A JP 2001353549A JP 2001353549 A JP2001353549 A JP 2001353549A JP 4119947 B2 JP4119947 B2 JP 4119947B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は有機物を含有する廃棄物を有効利用する技術に関し、とくに有機物を含有する廃棄物と粘土その他を配合した材料を焼成してセラミックス多孔体を製造する技術に関する。
【０００２】
家庭や飲食店などから排出される生ゴミ、製材時に出る鋸屑や木片チップ、建築廃材に含まれる木質材および木材廃材、有機物を含有する下水汚泥などの廃棄物の有効利用を目的として、これらの廃棄物を焼成してセラミックス多孔体を製造することは従来公知である。
【０００３】
たとえば特開平９−４７７９５号公報には、有機汚泥などの有機性廃棄物にもみがら、木くずなどの有機性添加物を添加し、攪拌混合した後、乾留して顆粒状炭化物を形成する装置が記載されている。この装置によれば、有機性廃棄物を単一の炭化設備で炭化して、活性炭のような物理吸着性能に優れた多孔性の顆粒状炭化物を得ることができる、とされている。
【０００４】
また、特開平１０−１２０４７８号公報には、小片、粒状、粉状などにした生ゴミ、木片チップ、あるいは飛粉などの廃棄物と粘土などのセラミックス基材とを混ぜて練状またはスラリー状にし、それを所望形状にしてから焼成してセラミックス基材の内外の廃棄物を焼失、灰化などさせ、その焼失部、灰化による体積減少部などに空間部を形成してなる廃棄物を利用した多孔質セラミックスが記載されている。
【０００５】
このようにして製造した多孔質セラミックスは、土壌の保水材、河川や沼などの急激な増水を緩和するための緩和材、微生物や農薬あるいは脱臭剤などの担持体、建築用内・外壁材、農・園芸用の床材、屋根瓦材、道路の舗装材料などといった各種分野で利用できる、とされている。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記の特開平９−４７７９５号公報に記載の多孔性の顆粒状炭化物は、有機汚泥に有機性添加物を添加して乾留したものであり、有機性添加物は物理吸着性能を良好にするために灰分を調整する目的で、炭素分が多く、低温で揮発しやすい成分を多く含む物質としてもみがら、木くずなどの繊維含有物質を添加するものである。しかし、このような有機汚泥を主材料として乾留した多孔質体は、強度が低いため、構築用ブロックや道路用ブロックなどに利用することは困難であり、活性炭としての用途にしか適用することができない。また、河川の汚水浄化用として利用する場合には、軽量であることから、これの流失を防ぐために籠などの容器に入れるなど多孔質体を保持する設備が必要となるという問題点がある。
【０００７】
この点、特開平１０−１２０４７８号公報に記載の多孔質セラミックスは、有機性廃棄物とセラミックス基材としての粘土とを主材料としているので、焼成後の多孔質セラミックスは強度も高く、構築用ブロックや道路用ブロックなどとしても使用することが可能と推測される。しかしながら、この場合の多孔質セラミックスの孔の大きさは、材料として配合される有機物の大きさに依存する。そのため、特開平９−４７７９５号公報に記載の炭化物製造工程に見られるような水蒸気の賦活で生じる、より小さな細孔の発生は起こらない。保水や微生物担体として使用する場合ならば比較的大きな１〜１０μｍの細孔（ミクロポアー)でもよいが、悪臭物質や色素を吸着させる吸着性を多孔質材に求めるならば、２０〜１０００Åの細孔(マイクロポアー)を多く生成させる必要がある。さらに、二度の焼成で多大なエネルギーを必要とすることや、いったん有機物として固定した二酸化炭素分を燃焼することで再度大気に放出してしまうという欠点がある。
【０００８】
本発明が解決すべき課題は、有機物含有廃棄物と粘土の混合物を主材料として路面舗装材や護岸壁構築材などにも利用可能な高い強度を持たせたセラミックス多孔体を製造すること、および、セラミックス多孔体の内部により多くの微細孔を生成させて微生物の担体および悪臭物質や色素の吸着体としての特性を向上させることにある。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、有機物含有廃棄物と粘土を混合した主材料に種々の添加物を添加した場合の、焼成後のセラミックス多孔体の特性について研究した結果、有機性廃棄物と粘土に鉄化合物を添加することにより、焼成後のセラミックス多孔体に構築用ブロックや道路用ブロックとしても使用可能な強度を維持したうえで、河川、排水を浄化する微生物の担体としての効果的な機能と、悪臭物質や色素の吸着体としての効果的な特性を付与できることを確認し、本発明を完成したものである。
【００１０】
すなわち本発明は、有機物含有廃棄物と粘土と鉄化合物とを含む混合物を成形し焼成してなるセラミックス多孔体である。ここで、有機物含有廃棄物とは、間伐材、製材で排出される木材廃材、建築廃材中の木材廃材などの木質廃材、一般家庭や飲食店などから排出される生ゴミ、焼酎廃液やコーヒー滓などの食品残滓、下水汚泥、プラスチック廃材、その他の有機物を含有する廃棄物のことである。粘土とは、シリカ、アルミナ、酸化カルシウムなどを含む天然産出または人工的に調整した粘土あるいは陶器類製造工場からの廃材としての粘土を指す。また鉄化合物とは、酸化鉄や水酸化鉄などの鉄化合物を指す。
【００１１】
上記のセラミックス多孔体は、流動物状または粉粒状とした有機物含有廃棄物と、流動物状または粉粒状とした粘土と、粉粒状とした鉄化合物およびその他の添加物を混合する混合工程と、前記混合後の混合物を成形する成形工程と、前記成形物を焼成する焼成工程とを含む製造方法により製造することができる。
【００１２】
有機物含有廃棄物には種々の性状のものがあり、その成分や形態も千差万別であるが、少なくとも粘土や鉄化合物と混合するためには、流動物状または粉粒状とする必要がある。発生時点ですでに流動物状または粉粒状のものはそのまま粘土や鉄化合物と混合してもよいが、木質廃材やプラスチック廃材などはセラミックス多孔体の用途に応じた粒径、たとえば粒径５ｍｍ程度以下の粉粒状とし、生ゴミ固形物などは粉砕して流動物状として粘土や鉄化合物と混合する。また水分の多い廃棄物の場合は、必要に応じて脱水処理や乾燥処理を施す。なお、有機物を含有した廃棄物のほかに、他の用途に使用可能で廃棄物とはいえない状態の有機物を使用することができるのはもちろんである。
【００１３】
粘土は焼成後のセラミックス多孔体の基材となるもので、少なくともＳｉＯ２：４５〜８５％程度、Ａｌ２Ｏ３：１０〜２５％程度、ＣａＯ：５％程度以下、Ｋ２Ｏ：５％程度以下を含んだものが望ましく、天然産出の粘土をそのまま、または陶器類製造工場からの廃材を含む人工的に組成を調整した粘土を用いることができる。
【００１４】
鉄化合物は焼成後のセラミックス多孔体の吸着特性を向上させるために添加するものである。たとえば鉄化合物として酸化鉄を使用した場合は、焼成工程において有機物中の炭素の一部が酸化鉄の酸素分と結合作用し、焼成後のセラミックス多孔体に反応性に富む鉄が出現し、たとえば下水に含まれる硫化物を吸着する特性を付与することができる。また鉄化合物として水酸化鉄を使用した場合は、水酸基が加熱されることによって鉄と分離作用し、焼成後のセラミックス多孔体に反応性に富む鉄を出現させ、吸着特性を向上させることができる。ここで反応性に富む鉄とは、鉄は塩化鉄、硫化鉄、水酸化鉄、酸化第二鉄などのように他の元素と反応して結びつきやすい性質があり、焼成後のセラミックス多孔体に含まれる鉄がこれらの反応を通じて不純物を吸着することを指す。同様な性質を有する金属は外にもあるが、コスト、安全性、作業性、入手しやすさなどの点から、鉄化合物を用いるのが最も適している。たとえば酸化鉄としては、酸洗廃液から回収したスケール、粉砕した屑鉄等を使用することができる。なお、鉄化合物のほかに、亜鉛、マグネシウム、マンガンなどを含む化合物を、微生物を繁殖させるミネラル分として添加することもできる。
【００１５】
有機物含有廃棄物と粘土と鉄化合物の種類、成分と配合割合は、焼成後のセラミックス多孔体の目標とする特性に合わせて選択すればよい。たとえば、配合割合としては、粘土１００重量部に対し、有機物含有廃棄物を乾燥重量として５〜５０重量部、鉄化合物を５〜１００重量部の範囲から適当な割合を選択する。このなかで有機物含有廃棄物は、種々の性状のものがランダムに発生するので、あらかじめ在庫させた廃棄物のなかから選択して用いるようにすればよい。焼成工程における焼成温度は６００〜１３００℃の範囲から適当な温度を選択する。
【００１６】
焼成工程において、有機物含有廃棄物と粘土と鉄化合物とを含む混合物を還元性雰囲気で焼成した場合は、廃棄物に含まれる炭素によって生成された炭化物内の空間部と、炭化による体積減少により粘土部分との間に生じた空間部とが、保水性とともに微生物担持体として効果的なミクロポアー（１〜１０μｍの細孔）となる。また、鉄化合物が還元されて鉄と酸素あるいは水酸基と結合していた部分が空隙となってマイクロポアー（２０〜１０００Åの細孔）となり、これらの細孔を有する多孔体は、保水性と微生物担持体としての機能に優れ、悪臭物質、重金属、色素などの吸着特性の優れたセラミックス多孔体となる。
【００１７】
有機物含有廃棄物と粘土と鉄化合物とを含む混合物を不活性雰囲気で焼成した場合は、還元性雰囲気で焼成した場合と同様に、廃棄物に含まれる炭素によって生成された炭化物内の空間部と、炭化による体積減少により粘土部分との間に生じた空間部とが、保水性とともに微生物担持体として効果的なミクロポアーとなる。また、これらの細孔を有する多孔体は、保水性と微生物担持体としての機能に優れ、悪臭物質、重金属、色素などの吸着特性の優れたセラミックス多孔体となる。
【００１８】
また、有機物含有廃棄物と粘土と鉄化合物とを含む混合物を酸化性雰囲気または中性雰囲気で焼成した場合は、有機物含有廃棄物の一部が焼失して空間部が形成され、この空間部は保水性とともに微生物担持体として効果的なミクロポアーとなる。鉄化合物として酸化鉄を使用した場合は、有機物に含まれる炭素が酸化鉄の酸素と結合して反応性に富む鉄となり、鉄化合物として水酸化鉄を使用した場合は、水酸基が加熱されることにより鉄と分離して反応性に富む鉄となる。鉄と結合していた酸素あるいは水酸基の部分が空隙となってマイクロポアーとなり、前記のミクロポアーと合わせて細孔を有する多孔体となり、悪臭物質、重金属、色素などの吸着特性の優れたセラミックス多孔体となる。
【００１９】
【発明の実施の形態】
図１は本発明に係るセラミックス多孔体の製造過程を模式的に示す図であり、同図の（ａ）は焼成雰囲気が還元性雰囲気または不活性雰囲気の場合、（ｂ）は焼成雰囲気が酸化性雰囲気または中性雰囲気の場合を示す。
【００２０】
図１の（ａ）において、有機物含有廃棄物Ａと粘土Ｂと鉄化合物Ｃの混合物Ｄを、還元性雰囲気または不活性雰囲気のもとで焼成すると、有機物含有廃棄物Ａ中の有機物は乾溜化して固形炭素分ａとなり、粘土Ｂは焼結してセラミックス本体ｂとなり、鉄化合物Ｃは加熱により還元されて反応性の高い鉄ｃとなる。
【００２１】
有機物含有廃棄物Ａは焼成により有機物が炭化するので体積が減少し、焼成後の炭化された有機物ａとセラミックス本体ｂの間に空隙Ｇが生じる。焼成後の焼成品Ｅの中に空隙Ｇが多数生成されるために、焼成品Ｅは多孔質体となる。粘土Ｂは焼成により焼結体となるので、焼成品Ｅは強度も高く、建築用ブロックや道路用ブロックなどとしても使用することが可能となる。鉄化合物Ｃは加熱により還元された後に内部にマイクロポアーを有する鉄ｃとなるので、焼成品Ｅは悪臭物質や色素を吸着させる吸着特性の優れたセラミックス多孔体となる。
【００２２】
図１の（ｂ）において、有機物含有廃棄物Ａと粘土Ｂと鉄化合物Ｃの混合物Ｄを、酸化性雰囲気または中性雰囲気のもとで焼成すると、有機物含有廃棄物Ａ中の有機物は灰化して空間部Ｈとなり、粘土Ｂは焼結してセラミックス本体ｂとなる。鉄化合物Ｃは加熱による有機物や粘土中の炭素や水素の燃焼により還元作用がおこり、反応によって化合物が除去された後に内部にマイクロポアーを有する鉄ｃとなる。
【００２３】
粘土Ｂは焼成により焼結体となるので、焼成品Ｆは強度も高く、建築用ブロックや道路用ブロックなどとしても使用することが可能となる。焼成品Ｆの中には空間部Ｈが多数生成され、また、鉄化合物Ｃは前記のようにマイクロポアーを有する鉄ｃとなるので、焼成品Ｆは吸着特性の優れたセラミックス多孔体となる。
【００２４】
【実施例】
表１に示す配合と処理を施した材料を表２に示す条件により焼成してそれぞれ焼成品を得た。焼成品の特性を表３に示す。
【００２５】
【表１】
【表２】
【表３】
【００２８】
表３からわかるように、有機物含有廃棄物と粘土とに鉄化合物を添加することにより、鉄化合物を添加していない従来法の場合に比べて焼成後のセラミックス多孔体のメチレンブルーに対する吸着性能は向上する。
【００２９】
【発明の効果】
流動物状または粉粒状状とした有機物含有廃棄物と流動物状または粉粒状とした粘土とに、酸化鉄や水酸化鉄などの鉄化合物を混合し、この混合物を成形し焼成して得たセラミックス多孔体は、材料として鉄化合物を添加したことにより、焼成時にこの鉄化合物が還元されて内部に多数の細孔を有する鉄となり、悪臭物質や色素を吸着する吸着特性の優れたセラミックス多孔体となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明に係るセラミックス多孔体の製造過程を模式的に示す図であり、同図の（ａ）は焼成雰囲気が還元性雰囲気または不活性雰囲気の場合、（ｂ）は焼成雰囲気が酸化性雰囲気または中性雰囲気の場合を示す。
【符号の説明】
Ａ 有機物含有廃棄物
Ｂ 粘土
Ｃ 鉄化合物
Ｄ 混合物
Ｅ，Ｆ 焼成品
Ｇ 空隙
Ｈ 空間部
ａ 固形炭素分
ｂ セラミックス本体
ｃ 鉄[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for effectively using a waste containing an organic substance, and more particularly to a technique for producing a ceramic porous body by firing a material containing a waste containing an organic substance, clay and the like.
[0002]
For the purpose of effective use of waste such as raw garbage discharged from homes and restaurants, sawdust and wood chips generated during sawing, wood and wood waste contained in construction waste, and sewage sludge containing organic matter. It is conventionally known to produce ceramic porous bodies by firing waste.
[0003]
For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-47795 discloses an apparatus for adding granular additives such as organic waste such as organic sludge and wood waste, stirring and mixing, and dry-distilling to form granular carbides. Are listed. According to this apparatus, it is said that an organic waste can be carbonized with a single carbonization facility to obtain a porous granular carbide excellent in physical adsorption performance such as activated carbon.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-120478 discloses a mixture of waste, such as small pieces, granules, and powder, wood chips, or flying powder, and a ceramic substrate such as clay, and is kneaded or slurried. After making it into a desired shape and firing it, the waste inside and outside the ceramic substrate is burned and ashed, and the waste that forms a space part in the burned part, the volume reduced part by ashing, etc. The porous ceramics used are described.
[0005]
Porous ceramics produced in this way are water retention materials for soil, mitigation materials for mitigating rapid water increases such as rivers and swamps, carriers such as microorganisms, agricultural chemicals or deodorants, interior and exterior wall materials for construction, It can be used in various fields such as agricultural / horticultural flooring, roof tiles, and road paving materials.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The porous granular carbide described in JP-A-9-47795 is obtained by dry distillation by adding an organic additive to organic sludge, and the organic additive is used for improving physical adsorption performance. In addition, for the purpose of adjusting ash content, a fiber-containing material such as sawdust and wood waste is added as a material containing a large amount of carbon and a component that easily volatilizes at low temperatures. However, a porous body obtained by carbonizing such organic sludge as a main material has low strength, so it is difficult to use it for construction blocks, road blocks, etc., and it can be applied only for use as activated carbon. Can not. In addition, when used for purifying sewage in rivers, there is a problem that a facility for holding a porous body, such as placing it in a container such as a firewood, is required because of its light weight.
[0007]
In this respect, the porous ceramics described in JP-A-10-120478 is mainly composed of organic waste and clay as a ceramic base material. It is estimated that it can also be used as a block or a road block. However, the size of the pores of the porous ceramic in this case depends on the size of the organic substance blended as the material. Therefore, the generation of smaller pores caused by the activation of water vapor as seen in the carbide manufacturing process described in JP-A-9-47795 does not occur. If it is used as a water retention or microbial carrier, it may be a relatively large pore of 1 to 10 μm (micropore). However, if the porous material is required to adsorb malodorous substances and pigments, a pore of 20 to 1000 mm It is necessary to generate many (micropores). Furthermore, there are drawbacks that a large amount of energy is required by two firings, and that carbon dioxide once fixed as an organic substance is burned and released again into the atmosphere.
[0008]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to produce a ceramic porous body having high strength that can be used for road pavement materials, revetment wall construction materials, etc., using a mixture of organic matter-containing waste and clay as a main material, and The purpose of this is to improve the characteristics of the microorganism carrier and the adsorbent of malodorous substances and pigments by generating more fine pores inside the ceramic porous body.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of studying the characteristics of the porous ceramic body after firing when various additives are added to the main material obtained by mixing organic matter-containing waste and clay, the present inventors have found that iron compounds are added to the organic waste and clay. In addition to maintaining the strength of the fired ceramic porous body that can be used as a building block or road block, it also has an effective function as a carrier for microorganisms that purify rivers and wastewater, and foul odors. The present invention has been completed by confirming that effective properties as an adsorbent for substances and pigments can be imparted.
[0010]
That is, this invention is a ceramic porous body formed by shape | molding and baking the mixture containing an organic substance containing waste, clay, and an iron compound. Here, organic-containing waste means thinned wood, wood waste emitted from sawmill, wood waste such as wood waste in building waste, raw garbage discharged from ordinary households and restaurants, shochu waste liquid and coffee lees This refers to wastes containing food residues such as sewage sludge, plastic waste, and other organic substances. Clay refers to naturally occurring or artificially prepared clay containing silica, alumina, calcium oxide, etc., or clay as waste material from a pottery manufacturing plant. Moreover, an iron compound refers to iron compounds, such as iron oxide and iron hydroxide.
[0011]
Said ceramic porous body is a mixing step of mixing a fluid or powdered organic matter-containing waste, a fluid or powdered clay, a powdered iron compound and other additives, It can manufacture by the manufacturing method including the shaping | molding process which shape | molds the mixture after the said mixing, and the baking process which bakes the said molded object.
[0012]
There are various kinds of organic matter-containing wastes, and their components and forms vary greatly, but at least for mixing with clay and iron compounds, it is necessary to make them fluid or powdery. . Already fluidized or powdery may be mixed with clay or iron compound as it is, but wood waste and plastic waste are particle sizes according to the use of ceramic porous material, eg about 5 mm The following powder form is used, and garbage solids and the like are pulverized and mixed with clay and iron compounds as a fluid. In the case of waste with a lot of moisture, dehydration or drying is performed as necessary. In addition to the waste containing organic matter, it is of course possible to use organic matter that can be used for other purposes and cannot be said to be waste.
[0013]
Clay serves as a base material for the ceramic porous body after firing. At least SiO 2 : about 45 to 85%, Al 2 O 3 : about 10 to 25%, CaO: about 5% or less, K 2 O: 5% It is desirable to include a clay having a degree or less, and a naturally produced clay can be used as it is, or an artificially adjusted clay containing waste materials from a pottery manufacturing factory can be used.
[0014]
The iron compound is added to improve the adsorption characteristics of the fired ceramic porous body. For example, when iron oxide is used as the iron compound, part of the carbon in the organic substance binds to the oxygen content of the iron oxide in the firing step, and iron rich in reactivity appears in the ceramic porous body after firing. The property of adsorbing sulfides contained in sewage can be imparted. Also, when iron hydroxide is used as the iron compound, the hydroxyl group is heated to separate it from iron, and iron having high reactivity can appear in the fired ceramic porous body, thereby improving the adsorption characteristics. . Reactive iron here means that iron reacts easily with other elements such as iron chloride, iron sulfide, iron hydroxide, ferric oxide, etc., and becomes a porous ceramic body after firing. It means that the contained iron adsorbs impurities through these reactions. Although there are other metals having similar properties, it is most suitable to use an iron compound in terms of cost, safety, workability, availability, and the like. For example, as iron oxide, scale recovered from pickling waste liquid, crushed scrap iron, or the like can be used. In addition to the iron compound, a compound containing zinc, magnesium, manganese, or the like can be added as a mineral for propagating microorganisms.
[0015]
What is necessary is just to select the kind, component, and compounding ratio of an organic substance containing waste, clay, and an iron compound according to the target characteristic of the ceramic porous body after baking. For example, as a blending ratio, an appropriate ratio is selected from a range of 5 to 50 parts by weight of an organic-containing waste as a dry weight and 5 to 100 parts by weight of an iron compound with respect to 100 parts by weight of clay. Among them, the organic matter-containing waste is randomly generated in various properties, and therefore, it may be selected and used from among the wastes stocked in advance. An appropriate temperature is selected from the range of 600 to 1300 ° C. for the baking temperature in the baking step.
[0016]
In the firing process, when a mixture containing organic matter-containing waste, clay and iron compound is fired in a reducing atmosphere, the space in the carbide generated by the carbon contained in the waste, and the volume reduction due to carbonization, the clay The space formed between the two portions becomes micropores (1 to 10 μm pores) effective as a microorganism carrier together with water retention. Further, the portion where the iron compound is reduced and bonded to iron and oxygen or a hydroxyl group becomes voids to form micropores (20 to 1000 細孔 pores). The ceramic porous body is excellent in function as a support and has excellent adsorption characteristics for malodorous substances, heavy metals, pigments and the like.
[0017]
When a mixture containing organic matter-containing waste, clay, and iron compound is fired in an inert atmosphere, as in the case of firing in a reducing atmosphere, the space in the carbide generated by the carbon contained in the waste The space formed between the clay and the clay due to volume reduction by carbonization becomes an effective micropore as a microbial support along with water retention. Moreover, the porous body having these pores is a ceramic porous body that is excellent in water retention and function as a microorganism-supporting body and excellent in adsorption characteristics such as malodorous substances, heavy metals, and pigments.
[0018]
In addition, when a mixture containing organic matter-containing waste and clay and an iron compound is baked in an oxidizing atmosphere or a neutral atmosphere, a part of the organic matter-containing waste is burned out to form a space portion. It becomes an effective micropore as a microorganism carrier with water retention. When iron oxide is used as the iron compound, the carbon contained in the organic substance combines with the oxygen of the iron oxide to become highly reactive iron, and when iron hydroxide is used as the iron compound, the hydroxyl group is heated. This separates from iron and becomes highly reactive iron. Ceramic or porous material with excellent adsorption characteristics for malodorous substances, heavy metals, pigments, etc., with oxygen or hydroxyl group bonded to iron becoming voids and forming micropores, and with these micropores, it becomes a porous body having pores. It becomes.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a production process of a ceramic porous body according to the present invention. FIG. 1A shows a case where the firing atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere or an inert atmosphere, and FIG. The case of a sex atmosphere or neutral atmosphere is shown.
[0020]
In FIG. 1A, when the mixture D of the organic matter-containing waste A, clay B and iron compound C is baked under a reducing atmosphere or an inert atmosphere, the organic matter in the organic matter-containing waste A is dry-distilled. Thus, the solid carbon content a is obtained, the clay B is sintered to become the ceramic body b, and the iron compound C is reduced by heating to become highly reactive iron c.
[0021]
Since the organic matter-containing waste A is carbonized by firing, the volume is reduced, and a gap G is generated between the fired carbonized organic matter a and the ceramic body b. Since many voids G are generated in the fired product E after firing, the fired product E becomes a porous body. Since the clay B becomes a sintered body by firing, the fired product E has high strength and can be used as a building block or a road block. Since the iron compound C is reduced by heating to become iron c having micropores therein, the fired product E becomes a ceramic porous body having excellent adsorption characteristics for adsorbing malodorous substances and pigments.
[0022]
In FIG. 1B, when the mixture D of the organic matter-containing waste A, clay B, and iron compound C is baked in an oxidizing atmosphere or a neutral atmosphere, the organic matter in the organic matter-containing waste A is ashed. Thus, the space H is formed, and the clay B is sintered to become the ceramic body b. The iron compound C undergoes a reducing action due to the combustion of organic matter or carbon or hydrogen in the clay by heating, and after the compound is removed by the reaction, it becomes iron c having a micropore inside.
[0023]
Since the clay B becomes a sintered body by firing, the fired product F has high strength and can be used as a building block or a road block. A large number of spaces H are generated in the fired product F, and since the iron compound C becomes iron c having micropores as described above, the fired product F becomes a ceramic porous body having excellent adsorption characteristics.
[0024]
【Example】
The materials subjected to the blending and processing shown in Table 1 were fired under the conditions shown in Table 2 to obtain fired products. Table 3 shows the characteristics of the fired product.
[0025]
[Table 1]
[Table 2]
[Table 3]
[0028]
As can be seen from Table 3, by adding an iron compound to organic matter-containing waste and clay, the adsorption performance of the fired ceramic porous body against methylene blue is improved compared to the conventional method in which no iron compound is added. To do.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
Obtained by mixing organic compound-containing waste in fluid or powder form and clay in fluid or powder form with an iron compound such as iron oxide or iron hydroxide, and molding and firing the mixture. The ceramic porous body has excellent adsorption characteristics that adsorbs malodorous substances and pigments by adding an iron compound as a material and reducing the iron compound during firing to iron with many pores inside. It becomes.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a production process of a ceramic porous body according to the present invention, where (a) is a reducing atmosphere or an inert atmosphere, and (b) is a firing atmosphere. The case of oxidizing atmosphere or neutral atmosphere is shown.
[Explanation of symbols]
A Organic waste B Clay C Iron compound D Mixture E, F Firing product G Void H Space part a Solid carbon content b Ceramic body c Iron
Claims (4)
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| JP2001353549A JP4119947B2 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2001-11-19 | Ceramic porous body and method for producing the same |
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| JP2001353549A JP4119947B2 (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2001-11-19 | Ceramic porous body and method for producing the same |
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| JP4119947B2 true JP4119947B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2006043619A (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2006-02-16 | Mitsuko Ito | Sewage cleaning method |
| JP4756679B2 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2011-08-24 | 株式会社日本海技術コンサルタンツ | Shiroki stone powder sintered body and manufacturing method thereof |
| GR1006201B (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2008-12-19 | ΝΕΑΡΧΟΣ Ο.Ε. (κατά ποσοστό 85%) | System for the removal of toxic heavy metals from shells. |
| JP5033064B2 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2012-09-26 | 丸二陶料株式会社 | Ceramic body |
| JP2013034960A (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2013-02-21 | Komatsu Seiren Co Ltd | Water purification apparatus and water purification method |
| CN104229999B (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2015-08-12 | 南京化工职业技术学院 | A kind of filler for artificial swamp water treatment and preparation method thereof |
| CN108996662A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-14 | 郑州轻工业学院 | A kind of combined bio filler and preparation method thereof of nickel foam and iron carbon |
| CN110317040A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-11 | 湖南双红农科生态工程有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of novel ceramsite and the application in black and odorous water |
| CN114907139B (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2023-07-04 | 北京工业大学 | Method for preparing ecological foamed ceramic from lepidolite tail mud full waste |
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