JP4096212B2 - Charcoal making equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a charcoal producing apparatus that obtains charcoal from charcoal. Specifically, the present invention relates to a charcoal producing apparatus that completely carbonizes charcoal without waste.
[Prior art]
A charcoal production device that obtains charcoal from wood, bamboo, and other charcoal materials that can be carbonized. The temperature drops at the end of carbonization, so that this temperature drop is detected by the detection means and fire is extinguished to easily obtain charcoal. Is known from Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-328687 relating to the inventor's invention.
[0003]
However, in the case of extinguishing the fire when the temperature of the charcoal furnace falls at the end of carbonization and considering that the carbonization has been completed, the fire is extinguished with the uncarbonized part still remaining on the carbonization end side of the charcoal. There is a problem with poor yield.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The charcoal production apparatus according to the present invention reliably captures that the carbonization combustion has approached the end of the carbonaceous material by the detection means, sets the time from this time to the end of carbonization, extinguishes when this time has passed, Provided is a charcoal production apparatus that can easily produce even the highest quality charcoal with the highest yield without producing an uncarbonized portion in the charcoal material.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following configuration.
(1) The charcoal material is stored in the charcoal grill, gradually burned part by part by adjusting the combustion air, and pyrolysis is proceeded. A charcoal producing apparatus that is extinguished and cooled after being carbonized, and is provided with a temperature detecting means on the carbonization end side of the charcoal in the charcoal kettle, and the position of the node is provided by the temperature detecting means. When carbonization combustion of the charcoal material has reached, a detection signal is issued, timing is started based on this detection signal, and after the time for the carbonization combustion to reach the end of the charcoal material from the position of the temperature detection means has passed, the fire extinguishing is stopped. To do.
(2) When extinguishing the charcoal grill with water injection or steam injection, the combustible gas is released from the charcoal grill.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a charcoal production apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0007]
In the figure, reference numeral 1 indicates the charcoal burning of the charcoal generator. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the charcoal grill 1 is a water cooling structure in which a water chamber 2 for flowing cooling water is provided between an inner wall and an outer wall of a steel plate, or inside an outer wall not shown in the drawings. It is preferable to have a structure with a fireproof material and a circular cross-section as shown in FIG. 2 or a structure that can be freely transferred to a square, polygon, etc. although not shown in the drawing. When the chamber 3 contains wood, bamboo, or other charcoal that can be carbonized and ignites from the upper side, combustion air is sent from the lower side by the air supply means described later, and exhausted from the upper side by the exhaust cylinder described later. The amount of supply air and exhaust gas is adjusted appropriately, and the carbon material is gradually carbonized and burned from the upper side to the lower side to cause pyrolysis, and exhaust the chloroacetic acid, tar, etc. Carburizing to leave charcoal. The same charcoal production result can be obtained even if the charcoal material is ignited from the lower side and the combustion air is supplied from the upper side.
[0008]
The charcoal grill 1 has an opening / closing part 4 for introducing a charcoal material into the carbonization chamber 3, and this opening / closing part 4 is slightly less than half the top surface of the carbonization chamber 3 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5. , The opening / closing part 4 is attached to the remaining part of the top surface by taking out the hinge 5 and is shown by a chain line in FIG. Thus, when the entire top surface is used as the opening / closing part 4, the opening / closing part 4 is attached to the elevating arm 7, and the pair of rollers 9 are supported by the vertical pieces 8 provided at both ends of the elevating arm 7. Is engaged with a vertical guide 10 erected on both sides of the charcoal grill 1, and the lifting arm 7 is lifted and lowered by a lifting means (not shown) such as a known winch so that the opening / closing portion 4 is indicated by a chain line. Or can be closed as indicated by the solid line.
[0009]
The bottom portion 11 of the charcoal kettle 1 is of an openable type, and as shown in FIG. 4, one end of the charcoal kettle 1 is attached to the charcoal kettle 1 by a take-out hinge so that it can be opened when charring. 1, 2, and 4, the upper side that fits into the carbonization chamber 3 is divided into two chambers that are partially connected by a partition piece 14 indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 2. A structure in which the water supply pipe 15 is connected to one chamber and the return water pipe 16 is connected to the other chamber, whereby the cooling water flows into the water chamber 13 as indicated by the dotted arrow in FIG. Although it is not shown in the drawing, it has a structure in which a refractory material is pasted.
[0010]
Reference numeral 17 denotes an air supply means for supplying combustion air to the carbonaceous material in the charcoal kettle 1. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the air supply means 17 has a large number of air supply passages that are opened at predetermined intervals through the water chamber 13 or through a refractory material not shown in the drawings and penetrating the lower portion of the carbonization chamber 3. Using the trachea 17, the air duct 17 is communicated from the water chamber 13 to the wind chamber 18 provided below the refractory material, and the air duct 21 of the blower 20 including the opening adjustment damper 19 is connected to the wind chamber 18. Thus, the combustion air is supplied from the blower 20 to the supply means 17, and the supply amount of the combustion air is promptly ignited when the charcoal material is ignited by the opening adjustment of the opening adjustment damper 19. Increase the amount to ignite, and after ignition, gradually burn the charcoal part by part to reduce it to a level suitable for carbonization by pyrolysis, and stop the supply if the pyrolysis by combustion reaches the terminal. Extinguish the fire quickly. And when supplying combustion air from the upper side with respect to a carbon material, this air supply means 17 shall be provided in the opening-and-closing part 4 side of the charcoal grill 1 although illustration was abbreviate | omitted.
[0011]
Reference numeral 22 denotes an exhaust pipe that discharges exhaust gas from the charcoal kettle 1 to the chimney 23. When the exhaust cylinder 22 releases the exhaust as it is, as shown in FIG. 1, a chimney 23 is directly connected to the exhaust cylinder 22, and an opening adjustment damper 24 is provided on the exhaust cylinder 23, and the opening adjustment damper 24 is installed. From the ignition of the charcoal material until the carbonization is finished, it is opened at an appropriate opening so that the carbonization can be smoothly performed by the pyrolysis due to the combustion of the charcoal, and an almost constant opening may be used. The opening degree may be slightly adjusted according to the amount of supply of the combustion air described above. When the carbonization of the carbonaceous material is finished, the opening degree adjustment damper 24 is closed to quickly extinguish the fire to stop the combustion of the carbide.
[0012]
Further, when exhaust gas is combusted and then discharged, a gas combustor 25 and a combustion chamber 26 such as a boiler and a water heater are interposed between the exhaust tube 22 and the chimney 23. The gas combustor 25 is a blower. 27 and an ignition burner 28, and an opening adjustment damper 24 is provided in the connecting pipe 29 between the blower 27 and the gas combustor 25. After the opening adjustment damper 24 is ignited on the carbonaceous material, the carbonization is performed. It is opened at an appropriate opening until it is finished, and carbonization is smoothly performed by pyrolysis by combustion of charcoal, and the exhaust generated thereby burns the combustible component through the gas combustor 25 and the combustion chamber 26, Exhaust gas is exhausted in a smokeless state as much as possible. When the gas combustor 25 and the combustion chamber 26 such as a boiler and a water heater are interposed in this way, the charcoal generator gasifies industrial waste and the like. A dry distillation furnace The exhaust cylinder 22 through which the gas combustor 25 and the combustion chamber 26 such as a boiler and a water heater are interposed, and the exhaust cylinder 22 that directly connects the chimney 23 are also combusted air from above with respect to the carbonaceous material. Is supplied to the lower side of the carbonization chamber 3, although not shown in the drawing.
[0013]
Reference numeral 30 denotes a fire extinguishing means for stopping the combustion of charcoal when the charcoal material in the carbonizing chamber 3 is charred to become charcoal. This fire extinguishing means 30 uses a sprinkler that opens into the carbonization chamber 3 on the top surface of the carbonization chamber 3 or a steam injection pipe, and sprays water into the carbonization chamber 3 from these, or injects water vapor into the charcoal chamber 3. If the combustion of the gas is extinguished quickly, the charcoal is taken out from the carbonization chamber 3 quickly. However, even if the fire extinguishing of charcoal is not forced by applying water or steam as described above, if the supply and exhaust of combustion air are shut off, the fire will naturally extinguish and the temperature will gradually drop and the product will be delivered. Since it becomes possible to extinguish the product, it is possible to extinguish the fire by this method. In this fire extinguishing method, the opening adjustment dampers 19 and 24 serve as a fire extinguishing means.
[0014]
Reference numeral 31 indicates that the carbon material accommodated in the carbonization chamber 3 is block-shaped, lump-shaped, piece-like, linear, granular, or a mixture thereof, and the surface of the layer deposited in the carbonization chamber 3 is uneven. When this occurs, it is a leveling member that scrapes the unevenness. The leveling member 31 is horizontally attached to the lower end of the shaft 32 vertically provided at the center of the carbonization chamber 3, and the wall 32 is rolled on the outer end portion approaching the inner wall of the carbonization chamber 3 so that the shaft 32 is moved to the carbonization chamber 3. A centering roller 33 is attached to the center of the steel plate, and the lower side corresponding to the carbonaceous material is flattened, or a number of scraping bars 34 are attached at predetermined intervals as required. These scraping bars 34 are attached to the shaft 32. The surface is lowered by contacting the carbonaceous deposit layer by an ascending / descending mechanism (not shown) and rotated by a rotating mechanism (not shown) linked to the shaft 32 to scrape the carbonaceous material of the convex part into the concave part. Is leveled, the leveling member 31 is returned to the standby position. (For details of the structure of the leveling member 31 and the supporting mechanism, lifting mechanism, and rotating mechanism, refer to Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-16224)
[0015]
Reference numeral 35 denotes detection means for detecting the temperature in the carbonization chamber 3. The detection means 35 is attached to the top surface of the carbonization chamber 3 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, and detects the temperature of the process in which the carbonaceous material is gradually burned and carbonized by thermal decomposition, The temperature in the carbonization chamber 3 rises as the carbonization of the carbonaceous material proceeds, and when the carbonization is finished, the rise stops and the change in temperature almost disappears. The fire extinguishing process is automatically performed or the control means is operated to automatically perform the fire extinguishing process.
[0016]
The code | symbol 36 is a detection means to detect that carbonization combustion of the carbon material has reached the terminal side. As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 5, the detecting means 36 is provided on the carbonization end side, preferably at a position about 100 mm away from the bottom where the end of the carbonaceous material contacts. When the carbonized combustion of the carbon material reaches the position of the detection means 36, the temperature varies depending on the type of the material, but the temperature reaches a maximum temperature of 500 to 800 degrees, and when the carbonization combustion passes the position of the detection means 36, the temperature is increased. Go down. Therefore, the detection means 36 generates a detection signal at the maximum temperature to prompt the start of time measurement, and performs time measurement artificially based on this signal, or starts time measurement by a known timer (not shown). The carbonization combustion of the carbon material reaches the terminal of the carbon material from the position of the detection means 36, and the carbonization is completed, and the time to move to the charcoal combustion is set experimentally. Doing or automatically operating the fire extinguishing process by operating a timer, because the carbonization rate of the carbonaceous material is not constant due to the partial difference in density accommodated in the carbonization chamber 3, etc. In consideration of this, a plurality of units are arranged at equal intervals as shown in FIG. 2, and a known automatic controller (determining the timing to start timing is made by combining the detection signals of the plurality of detection means 36. Configure and place.
[0017]
The code | symbol 37 is a detection means to detect the temperature in the combustor 26, such as a boiler and a water heater. This detection means 37 detects the exhaust temperature when the exhaust from the carbonization chamber 3 burns combustible components in the gas combustor 26 and reaches the combustion chamber 26 and displays it on the display unit (not shown). The temperature in the combustion chamber 26 decreases with the progress of carbonization of the carbonaceous material, and when the carbonization is completed, the decrease stops and the temperature change almost disappears. This time coincides with the time when the temperature change of the carbonization chamber 3 disappears. .
[0018]
When the fire extinguishing timing is determined based on the detection signals of the temperature detecting means 36 and 35 or 36 and 37 and the fire extinguishing is performed by water injection or steam injection in order to expedite charcoal removal. If the combustible gas is discharged from the charcoal kettle 1 and is not poured or injected with steam, there is a risk of explosion of the combustible gas. Therefore, the open / close part 4 of the charcoal kiln 1 is opened a little, or a relief valve 38 is provided in the upper part of the carbonization furnace 3 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, and the relief valve 3 is opened to release the combustible gas. Then, water injection or steam injection is performed so that the fire can be safely extinguished.
[0019]
Next, according to an embodiment in which a combustion chamber 26 such as a gas combustor 25 and a boiler or a water heater is interposed between the exhaust pipe 22 and the chimney 23 of the charcoal kiln 1, the building waste material chip is used as a charcoal to make coal. In this case, the carbon material is accommodated and deposited so that the coarse one is below and the fine one is above, and the opening / closing part 4 is closed, and the surface layer is leveled by the leveling member 31. Then, the carbon material is ignited from the upper side and combustion is started in a state where the opening degree of the opening degree adjusting damper 24 of the exhaust pipe 22 and the opening degree of the opening degree adjusting damper 19 of the air supply means 17 are appropriately adjusted. Thereafter, in order to cause the pyrolysis of the carbonaceous material to proceed gradually from the upper side to the lower side, the opening adjustment damper 19 of the air supply means 17 is squeezed to perform slow combustion, and the temperature in the carbonization chamber 3 is caused to be detected by the detection means 35. In addition to the detection display, the detection means 36 detects the time when the carbonized combustion of the carbon material reaches its installation position and reaches the maximum temperature, and generates a detection signal. Based on this signal, the time until the time is started artificially or a known timer is started and the charcoal combustion of the charcoal starts (this time varies depending on the type of charcoal, etc. If the charcoal material is extinguished artificially or automatically after the elapse of time, it is possible to easily produce charcoal with no uncarbonized portion remaining in the charcoal material and less reduction due to charcoal combustion.
[0020]
Moreover, the charcoal-producing apparatus of the above embodiment is a thin material or branch that is easy to ignite on the charcoal kiln 1 by arranging and cutting up squares of building waste materials or timbers to be cut off into a suitable length. It is possible to easily produce rod-shaped charcoal like conventional charcoal kilns by igniting them and moving them to charcoal. If the charcoal generator is transported and installed in the mountains, it is not necessary to consider the influence of the exhaust to the neighborhood, so the chimney 23 is connected to the exhaust tube 22 and the combustor 26 such as a gas combustor 25, boiler, or water heater is installed. It can be omitted.
[0021]
Furthermore, when the gas combustor 25 and the combustion chamber 26 such as a boiler and a water heater of this charcoal generator are attached, when no charcoal is produced, industrial wastes and the like are gasified and combusted to cause no exhaust pollution. If carbon dioxide and industrial waste are mixed and difficult to separate, carbonization treatment is performed while mixing the two, leaving the carbonaceous material as charcoal, and industrial waste ashing. It is possible to obtain charcoal even in the mixing treatment, and if the exhaust gas from the incinerator is taken into the carbonization chamber 3 and burned by the gas combustor 25, it is discarded so as not to generate soot. It is also possible to incinerate things.
[0022]
The charcoal producing apparatus according to the present invention can be applied not only to the charcoal kettle 1 having the structure shown in the above embodiment, but also from the old days in which the combustion chamber 26 such as the gas combustor 25, the boiler, and the water heater is not attached. Even in a charcoal grill or other simple charcoal machine, if the temperature detection means 35, 36, 37 are installed in the same manner as the charcoal pot 1, the detection means 35, 37 is used for the carbonization chamber 3 or the combustion chamber 26 associated with carbonization of the carbonaceous material. The detection means 36 detects the time when carbonization combustion has reached the installation position, instructs the start of time measurement until extinguishing the fire, and extinguishes after the charcoal material is completely carbonized Thus, it is possible to achieve coal production with no uncarbonized portion and almost no decrease in charcoal combustion by any charcoal baking apparatus.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
Effect of Claim 1 When the carbonization combustion of the carbon material reaches the fixed position on the terminal side, the carbonizer according to the present invention detects this by the detecting means and starts measuring time, from the detection position to the carbon material end. After the time required for carbonization combustion has passed, the fire can be extinguished and the carbonaceous material can be carbonized in a state where there is no uncarbonized part and there is almost no decrease in the rate due to charcoal combustion. Easy to do.
The effect of claim 2 Since the combustible gas is released before the carbonized carbonized material is extinguished by water injection or steam injection, gas explosion does not occur when fire extinguishing by water injection or steam injection is safe.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing an embodiment of a coal producing apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view of the above.
FIG. 3 is a partial longitudinal front view showing a modification of the opening / closing part of the above.
FIG. 4 is a partially longitudinal front view showing the bottom of the same in an enlarged manner.
FIG. 5 is a front view of a part of an example in which an exhaust combustion purifying means is combined with a charcoal producing apparatus according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Charcoal grill 17 Air supply means 30 Fire extinguishing means 36 Temperature detection means 38 Combustible gas escape means

Claims (2)

The charcoal material is stored in the charcoal kiln, gradually burned part by part by adjusting the combustion air, and pyrolysis is progressed. Is a charcoal producing device that is taken out after it has been carbonized and extinguished and cooled,
A temperature detection means is provided on the carbonization end side of the charcoal in the charcoal grill,
When the carbonized combustion of the carbon material reaches the installation position by this temperature detection means, a detection signal is issued,
A charcoal-producing apparatus characterized in that the timing is started based on the detection signal, and the fire extinguishing is performed after a time when the carbonization combustion reaches the end of the carbonaceous material from the position of the temperature detection means. The charcoal producing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the charcoal grill is extinguished by water injection, steam injection, or the like, combustible gas is released from the charcoal grill.

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