JPH09328687A - Simple apparatus for producing charcoal - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simple apparatus for producing charcoal capable of simply and surely carbonizing a material treated by incineration as a waste due to the noncarbonizability thereof in the present state in spite of a useful resource, affording active carbon therefrom and utilizing the active carbon as an industrially useful material. SOLUTION: This simple apparatus for producing charcoal is composed so as to house a carbonizable material in a carbonizing furnace 1, slowly burn the carbonizable material by portions according to the regulation of combustion air, make the pyrolysis proceed, gradually convert the carbonizable material into the charcoal of a carbon solid material by discharging useless components caused by the pyrolysis, wholly carbonize the carbonizable material, then extinguish fire, quench the material, subsequently take out the carbon solid material from a carbonization chamber 3 and afford a charcoal which is a product. Furthermore, the carbonizing furnace 1 is composed so as to enable the relocation and is capable of igniting the carbonizable material from one side thereof, feeding combustion air in a quantity suitable for burning the carbonizable material by portions from the other side with an air supplying means 17, discharging a discharge gas from a discharge gas cylinder 22, further make the carbonization of the carbonizable material proceed according to the pyrolysis caused by the combustion of the carbonizable material therein and extinguishing fire with a fire extinguishing means 30 when the whole is carbonized, taking out the carbonized material from the carbonization furnace 1 after extinguishing the fire and providing the product.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a simple coal-making apparatus for easily pyrolyzing a carbonaceous material which can be carbonized to obtain charcoal.

[0002]

Carbonaceous materials such as wood and bamboo that can be carbonized are pyrolyzed into charcoal, and activated carbon is activated by activation treatment to recover solvents, desulfurize flue gas, remove odors, decolorize articles, It is a useful resource that can exert excellent effects in wastewater treatment, improvement of tap water, and so on.

However, now that convenient liquid fuels and gas fuels have become widespread, the coal-making equipment has disappeared and it is not possible to produce charcoal from the above-mentioned carbonaceous materials, so useful resources are also incinerated as waste. Is.

[0004]

Therefore, the present inventor has proposed:
While searching for an existing device that can produce charcoal from carbon materials, we focused on a carbonization furnace that gasifies and burns industrial waste to improve low-pollution processing. Wood chips were stored in the inside as carbonaceous material, and combustion was continued by sending an amount of combustion air suitable for igniting from the upper side and burning the material from the lower side one by one. Then, the material burned sequentially from the upper side to the lower side, so when the combustion reached the lower end, stop the supply of combustion air,
Water was put on the charcoal material that remained on the fire to extinguish it, and it was taken out from the carbonization furnace and viewed. Then, the carbonaceous material was a carbon solid material that retained the shape of the original chip, that is, charcoal. From this result, the present inventor has invented the present device by confirming that it is possible to obtain a device capable of easily making coal by partially improving the existing carbonization furnace, and the present invention is useful. It is a simple coal-making device that can easily and surely carbonize materials that have been incinerated as wastes because they are various resources but cannot be carbonized at present, and can be utilized as industrially useful materials. It is a technical subject to provide.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a simple coal-making apparatus according to the present invention stores a carbonaceous material in a carbonization furnace and gradually burns each part by adjusting combustion air to generate heat. A coal-making device that proceeds with decomposition to gradually turn carbonaceous materials into carbon solid carbon by discharging unnecessary components due to thermal decomposition, and when the whole is carbonized, extinguishes and cools, and then removes it from the carbonization furnace to obtain product charcoal. In the above, the carbonization furnace is configured so that it can be relocated, and the carbonaceous material accommodated therein is ignited from one side, and an amount suitable for decompressing the carbonaceous material one by one from the other side by the air supply means. When combustion air is supplied and exhaust gas is exhausted from an exhaust stack, the carbonization furnace further includes carbonization of the carbonaceous material due to thermal decomposition caused by combustion of the carbonaceous material in the carbonization furnace. Extinguish the fire with a fire extinguishing means, and take out the carbide from the carbonization furnace after the fire is extinguished. Characterized in configuration to obtain a product, in the exhaust pipe of the carbonizing furnace of the apparatus allowed an exhaust combustion means for purifying the exhaust by burning combustible components in the exhaust,
Further, a structure is provided in which the carbonization furnace, the exhaust combustion means, or both are equipped with temperature detection means for detecting the internal temperature and confirming the end of carbonization of the carbonaceous material based on this display. Is preferred.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of a simple coal-making apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In the drawings, reference numeral 1 indicates a carbonization furnace of a simple coal making apparatus, and as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, a water chamber 2 for flowing cooling water is provided between an inner wall and an outer wall of a steel plate. A water-cooled structure or a structure in which a refractory material is attached to the inside of the outer wall not shown in the drawing, and it is transferred after forming a circular cross section as shown in FIG. 2 or a square or polygonal shape not shown in the drawing. Can be freely configured, and the interior of the carbonizing chamber 3 can be carbonized, bamboo,
When other carbonaceous materials are accommodated and ignited from the upper side, combustion air is sent from the lower side by the air supply means described later,
The air is exhausted from the upper side by the exhaust pipe to be described later, the amount of this supply air and the exhaust gas is adjusted as described later, and the carbonaceous material is gradually combusted from the upper side to the lower side to cause thermal decomposition, resulting in wood acetic acid, tar. Etc. are discharged to leave carbon solid carbon. It should be noted that the same charcoal-making result can be obtained by igniting the carbonaceous material from the lower side opposite to the above and supplying the combustion air from the upper side.

Reference numeral 4 indicates an opening / closing portion for charging carbonaceous material into the carbonization chamber 3, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, a little less than half of the top surface of the carbonization chamber 3 is designated as the opening / closing portion 4. 1 and 5, the central part of the hinge 5 is taken out and attached to the rest of the top surface by the hinge 5, and when the raw material is put in, the hinge 6 is rotated about the shaft 6 so that the chain line in FIG. Open it as shown, and after placing the carbonaceous material, close it as shown by the solid line.
Further, when the entire top surface is used as the opening / closing part 4 as shown in FIG. 3, the opening / closing part 4 is attached to the lifting arm 7 as shown in FIG. The pair of rollers 9 are supported, the rollers 9 are engaged with the vertical guides 10 standing on both sides of the carbonization furnace 1, and the elevating arms 7 are moved up and down by a known lifting mechanism (not shown) such as a winch. By doing so, the opening / closing part 4 can be opened as shown by a chain line or closed as shown by a solid line.

Reference numeral 11 indicates the bottom of the carbonization furnace 1. One end of the carbonization furnace 1 is taken out and attached to the carbonization furnace 1 by a hinge 12 so that the carbonization furnace 1 can be opened at the time of charcoal removal.
As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, a water chamber 13 is placed on the upper side of the first carbonization chamber 3 and the inside is divided into two chambers which are partially connected by a partition 14 shown by a dotted line in FIG. By connecting the water supply pipe 15 to one chamber and the return water pipe 16 to the other chamber, the cooling water flows in the water chamber 13 as shown by the dotted arrow in FIG. However, although not shown in the drawing, the structure shall be such that a fireproof material is attached.

Reference numeral 17 indicates an air supply means for supplying combustion air to the carbonaceous material in the carbonization chamber 1, and is shown in the drawing as the water chamber 13 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4. A large number of air supply pipes, which penetrate the non-refractory material and are opened at a predetermined interval in the lower part of the carbonization chamber 3, are used to communicate the air supply pipes 17 with the water chamber 13 or the air chamber 18 provided under the refractory material. Let this wind chamber 1
8 is connected to a blower pipe 21 of a blower 20 having an opening adjustment damper 19, so that the combustion air is supplied from the blower 20 to the air supply means 17, and the supply amount of the combustion air is the above-mentioned value. When the carbonaceous material is ignited by adjusting the opening degree of the degree adjustment damper 19, the amount is increased so as to quickly ignite, and after ignition, the carbonic material is gradually burned in portions to a degree suitable for promoting carbonization by thermal decomposition. If the thermal decomposition due to combustion reaches the terminal, stop the supply and extinguish the fire immediately. When the combustion air is supplied to the carbonaceous material from the upper side, the air supply means 17 is provided on the opening / closing section 4 side of the carbonization furnace 1 although not shown.

Reference numeral 22 denotes an exhaust stack that discharges the exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber 3 to the chimney 23. When the exhaust gas is discharged as it is, the stack 2 is sent to the exhaust stack 22 as shown in FIG.
3 is directly connected to the exhaust pipe 22, and an opening adjustment damper 24 is provided in the exhaust tube 22. The opening adjustment damper 24 is opened at an appropriate opening until the carbonization is finished until the carbonization is finished, and the carbonaceous material is burned. The carbonization is smoothly carried out by the thermal decomposition by the above, and the opening may be substantially constant, but the opening may be slightly adjusted according to the adjustment of the supply amount of the combustion air. When the carbonization of the carbonaceous material is completed, the opening degree adjustment damper 24 is closed to quickly extinguish the combustion of the carbides.

When the exhaust gas is burned and then discharged, the gas combustor 25 and a combustion chamber 26 such as a boiler or a water heater are interposed between the exhaust stack 22 and the chimney 23. 25 is provided with a blower 27 and an ignition burner 28, and a connecting pipe 29 between the blower 27 and the gas combustor 25
Is equipped with an opening adjustment damper 24, and the opening adjustment damper 24 is opened at an appropriate opening after ignition of the carbonaceous material until the end of carbonization, and the carbonization is smoothly performed by thermal decomposition due to combustion of the carbonaceous material. The exhaust gas generated by the gas combustor 2
5 and the combustion chamber 26 to combust the combustible components to make the exhaust gas as smokeless as possible, and thus the gas combustor 25 and the combustion chamber 26 such as the boiler and the water heater are interposed. When this is done, the carbonization device can be used as a carbonization furnace for gasifying industrial waste and the like for combustion treatment, and the exhaust pipe 22 in which the gas combustor 25 and the combustion chamber 26 such as the boiler and the water heater are interposed. When the combustion air is also supplied to the carbon material from the upper side of the exhaust stack 22 which directly connects the chimney 23, it is connected to the lower side of the carbonization chamber 3 although not shown in the drawing.

Reference numeral 30 indicates a fire extinguishing means for stopping the combustion of the carbide when the charcoal-making is completed in the carbonization chamber 3, and is a sprinkler which opens on the top surface of the carbonization furnace 1 into the carbonization chamber 3. By using a steam injector or the like to spray water into the carbonization chamber 3 or to inject steam to quickly extinguish the carbides, the product charcoal can be taken out from the carbonization chamber 3 quickly. You will be appreciated. However, even if the fire extinguishing of the carbide is not forcibly carried out by applying water or steam as described above, if the supply of combustion air is shut off, the fire will extinguish naturally and the temperature will gradually drop, allowing the product to be released. Therefore, when it is not necessary to expedite product delivery, fire is extinguished by this method. In this fire extinguishing method, the opening adjustment dampers 19 and 24 serve as fire extinguishing means.

Reference numeral 31 indicates the surface of the layer deposited in the carbonization chamber 3 when the carbonaceous material stored in the carbonization chamber 3 is block-shaped, lump-shaped, flaky, linear, granular or a mixture thereof. When unevenness occurs, it shows a leveling member that scrapes and evens out the unevenness. It is attached horizontally to the lower end of a shaft 32 that is vertically installed in the center of the carbonization chamber 3, and the outer end portion that approaches the inner wall of the carbonization chamber 3 is A centering roller 33 for rolling the wall surface to keep the leveling member 31 at the center of the carbonization chamber 3 is attached, and a large number of scraping rods 34 are attached at predetermined intervals on the lower side corresponding to the carbonaceous material. 34 is lowered by an elevating mechanism (not shown) linked to the shaft 32 so as to come into contact with the surface of the carbonaceous material deposit layer, and is rotated by a rotating mechanism (not shown) linked to the shaft 32 to make the carbonaceous material of the convex portion. If you scrape into the recess and level the surface evenly,
The leveling member 27 is returned to the standby position. (For the details of the structure of the leveling member 27, the supporting mechanism, the elevating mechanism, and the rotating mechanism, see the detailed description of Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-16224).

Reference numeral 35 denotes a sensor for detecting the temperature in the carbonization chamber 3, which is attached to the top surface of the carbonization chamber 3 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, and the carbonaceous material burns inside. The temperature in the process of being carbonized by thermal decomposition is detected and displayed on the display unit. The temperature in the carbonization chamber 3 rises as the carbonization of the carbonaceous material progresses as shown in Table 1, When the carbonization ends, the rise stops and there is almost no change in temperature. Therefore, by checking this state, the fire extinguishing process is performed artificially, or the control means is operated to automatically perform the fire extinguishing process.

Reference numeral 36 is a combustion chamber 2 such as a boiler or a water heater.
6 shows a sensor of a detection means for detecting the temperature inside 6, and detects the exhaust temperature when the exhaust gas from the carbonization chamber 3 reaches the combustion chamber 26 after combustible components are combusted in the gas combustor 25 and the display unit As shown in Table 1, the temperature inside the combustion chamber 26 decreases as the carbonization of the carbonaceous material progresses, and when the carbonization ends, the temperature stops decreasing and there is almost no change in temperature. Since this time coincides with the time when the temperature change in the carbonization chamber 3 disappears as shown in Table 1, both the sensor 36 and the sensor 35 of the carbonization chamber 3 are used to confirm the end of the carbonization and the artificial extinguishing process is performed. Alternatively, automatic fire extinguishing processing may be performed by the control means.

Next, a gas combustor 25 and a combustion chamber 2 such as a boiler or a water heater are provided between the exhaust stack 22 and the chimney 23 of the carbonization furnace 1.
In the case where the construction waste wood chips are used as the carbonaceous material in the embodiment, the carbonaceous material is accommodated and deposited so that the coarser material is on the lower side and the finer material is on the upper side, and the opening / closing section 4 is closed. The surface layer is leveled with 31. Then, with the opening degree of the opening degree adjustment damper 24 of the exhaust pipe 22 set to 40% and the opening degree of the opening degree adjustment damper 19 of the air supply means 17 set to 40%, the carbonaceous material is ignited from above and combustion is started. After that, in order to gradually proceed the thermal decomposition of the carbonaceous material from the upper side to the lower side, the opening adjustment damper 19 of the air supply means 17 is squeezed to remove the combustion, and the carbonization chamber 3
The temperature inside was detected by the sensor 35, and the temperature inside the combustion chamber 26 was detected and displayed by the sensor 36, and the state of change was monitored. Table 1 shows the result.

[0018]

[Table 1]

As is clear from Table 1, as the carbonaceous material is carbonized by thermal decomposition due to combustion and the carbonization proceeds, the temperature of the carbonization chamber 3 rises, and conversely, the temperature of the combustion chamber 26 lowers. By the end of the process, the temperature in the carbonization chamber 3 will not rise and the temperature in the combustion chamber 26 will not fall, and the temperature will be constant. Therefore, the opening adjustment damper 19 of the air supply means 17 and the opening adjustment damper 24 of the combustion chamber 26 are fully closed to stop the supply and exhaust of combustion air, and to see the result of the charcoal production quickly, it is necessary to remove the carbide. Then, water was sprayed by a water sprinkler 30 to extinguish the water compulsorily, the bottom 11 of the carbonization furnace 1 was opened, and the product charcoal was taken out. Then, it was confirmed that although the product charcoal was wet with water, it was completely carbon solid charcoal and could be easily and reliably manufactured by this device.

Further, in the carbonization apparatus of the above-described embodiment, the timbers of construction waste materials and the timbers to be discarded of mountains are cut into appropriate lengths and arranged in the carbonization furnace 3 and the fine materials easily ignited thereon If you put branches etc. and ignite them and transfer the fire to the carbon material, it is possible to easily and reliably produce rod-shaped charcoal like the conventional charcoal kiln, and when using cut wood as carbon material, If this charcoal-making device is transported and installed in the mountains, it is not necessary to consider the influence of exhaust gas to the neighborhood. Therefore, a chimney 23 is connected to the exhaust pipe 22 and a combustor 26 such as a gas combustor 25, a boiler, a water heater or the like.
By omitting, it can be made inexpensive and excellent in portability.

Incidentally, the gas combustion device 25 of this simple carbonization device and the combustion chamber 26 such as a boiler and a water heater are attached as follows.
When not making coal, it can be used as a carbonization furnace that gasifies and burns industrial waste to prevent exhaust pollution, and when carbonaceous material and industrial waste are mixed and difficult to separate. It is possible to obtain charcoal even in the mixture treatment by performing the carbonization treatment with the mixture of both, leaving the carbonaceous material as the charcoal, and ashing the industrial waste.

The simple coal-making apparatus shown in the above-mentioned embodiment is a useful resource, but it cannot be carbonized at present, and therefore the carbonaceous material which has been incinerated as a waste material is simply carbonized to obtain activated carbon from the carbonized material. It can be utilized and the equipment can be relocated, so charcoal can be made anytime and anywhere if there is carbonaceous material. According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the exhaust gas is purified by passing the exhaust gas through the combustion means to burn the combustible components and then discharging the exhaust gas, there is a house in the vicinity and the device is manufactured without causing inconvenience due to the exhaust gas. It can be used in a dry distillation furnace that gasifies industrial waste and burns it when charcoal is produced but does not perform charcoal making. Also, if necessary, a mixture of carbonaceous material and industrial waste is carbonized. Then, the industrial waste can be ashed to obtain charcoal from the carbonaceous material. Further, according to claim 3, since it is possible to detect and display the temperature change in the carbonization chamber and confirm that the time when this change disappears is the end time of the carbonization, it is possible to extinguish the fire in a timely manner and to obtain good quality charcoal with good yield even for an amateur. Can be easily obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional front view showing an embodiment of a simple coal-making apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a transverse plan view of the above.

FIG. 3 is a partial vertical sectional front view showing a modification of the above-mentioned opening / closing part.

FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional front view of a part of the above-mentioned bottom portion in an enlarged manner.

FIG. 5 is a front view in which a part of an embodiment in which a means for purifying exhaust gas of a simple coal-making apparatus is provided in the present invention is longitudinally cut.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Carbonization Furnace 3 Carbonization Chamber 11 Bottom 17 Air Supply Means 19 Opening Adjustment Damper 22 Exhaust Cylinder 24 Opening Adjustment Damper 30 Fire Extinguishing Means 35, 36 Temperature Detection Means

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A carbonaceous material is housed in a carbonization furnace, and by gradually adjusting the combustion air, the carbonaceous material is gradually burned to promote thermal decomposition.
In the coal-making apparatus for gradually producing carbon as a solid carbon by discharging unnecessary components due to thermal decomposition, and extinguishing and cooling when the whole is carbonized and then taking out from the carbonizing furnace to obtain product carbon, The furnace is configured so that it can be relocated, and the carbonaceous material contained in it is ignited from one side, and from the other side, an amount of combustion air suitable for decompressing the carbonaceous material one by one by the air supply means is supplied. However, in the carbonization furnace, carbonization of the carbonaceous material proceeds due to thermal decomposition caused by combustion of the carbonaceous material in the carbonizing furnace, and when the entire carbonized material is extinguished by a fire extinguishing means. A simple coal-making apparatus characterized in that a product is obtained by extinguishing a fire and then taking out a carbide from a carbonization furnace. 2. The simple coal-making apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust stack of the carbonization furnace is provided with an exhaust combustion means for purifying the exhaust by burning a combustible component in the exhaust. 3. The carbonization furnace or the exhaust combustion means,
Alternatively, the simple coal-making apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising temperature detecting means for detecting the internal temperature of both of them and confirming the end of carbonization of the carbonaceous material based on this display.