JP4088248B2 - テトラフルオロエタンとペンタフルオロプロパンと水との共沸性組成物 - Google Patents
テトラフルオロエタンとペンタフルオロプロパンと水との共沸性組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4088248B2 JP4088248B2 JP2003503321A JP2003503321A JP4088248B2 JP 4088248 B2 JP4088248 B2 JP 4088248B2 JP 2003503321 A JP2003503321 A JP 2003503321A JP 2003503321 A JP2003503321 A JP 2003503321A JP 4088248 B2 JP4088248 B2 JP 4088248B2
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- CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZZYITDELCSZES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical class [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DHNUXDYAOVSGII-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCC(Cl)OP(=O)(OC(Cl)CCCl)OC(Cl)CCCl DHNUXDYAOVSGII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTRSAMFYSUBAGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(Cl)COP(=O)(OCC(C)Cl)OCC(C)Cl GTRSAMFYSUBAGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本出願は、仮出願第60/297,201号(2001年6月8日に米国特許商標局へ出願)に対し優先権を主張し、該仮出願の内容を参照により本明細書に含めるものとする。
(発明の分野)
本発明は、テトラフルオロエタンとペンタフルオロプロパンと水とからなる共沸性組成物およびその使用(uses)を提供する。
(背景)
フルオロカーボン(fluorocarbon)を主成分とする液体は、冷媒、エーロゾル噴射剤、発泡剤、熱媒、およびガス状誘電体を初めとする数多くの用途において、産業上広く使用されている。しかし、かかる液体の中には、その使用に際して環境的な問題が疑われているものがあり、オゾン層破壊係数(ozone depletion potential)が低いかゼロである液体(例えば、ハイドロフルオロカーボン類(「HFC類」))の使用が望ましい。したがって、クロロフルオロカーボン類(「CFC類」)やハイドロクロロフルオロカーボン類(「HCFC類」)を含まない液体を使用することが望ましい。また、単一成分からなる液体や共沸混合物(これらは、沸騰や蒸発により分離しない)が望ましい。しかし、環境的に安全で、分離しない(non-fractionating)新規な混合物を見出すことは、共沸物の生成を予測することが難しいため、困難だった。
(好適な実施態様の詳細な説明)
本発明の発明者らは、長期にわたり熱望されていた、CFC類およびHCFC類の代替物となり得る数種の組成物を開発した。1つの態様において、本発明により、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン(「HFC−134a」)と、1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン(「HFC−245fa」)と、水とを含んでなる共沸性組成物が提供される。本発明の好ましい組成物によって、現行のCFC類およびHCFC類を、環境的に望ましく、オゾン層破壊係数がゼロとなるように置換することができる。さらに、本発明の組成物は、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン、1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン、または水のいずれか単独の場合よりも、優れたCFC代替物およびHCFC代替物となる特徴を有する。
本発明の組成物
本発明の組成物は共沸性組成物である。本明細書で使用される「共沸性」という用語は、完全に共沸性の組成物と、共沸混合物のような挙動を示す組成物との両方を含む広い意味で用いられる。原理的には、ある液体の熱力学的状態は、圧力、温度、液体の組成、および蒸気の組成により決定される。共沸性混合物とは、一定の圧力および一定の温度において液体組成と蒸気組成とが同じになる、2以上の成分からなる系をいう。このため、共沸性混合物の成分は、実際に、一定の沸点を示し、相変化の間に各成分を分離することはできない。
本発明の共沸性組成物には、新規な共沸系を構成することのない他の成分や、第1の蒸留留分に含まれない他の成分が含まれていてもよい。第1の蒸留留分は、蒸留塔における全体の還流(reflux)状態が定常運転となってから採取した第1番目の留分である。この「他の成分」によって新規な共沸系(これは、本発明の範囲外である)が形成されるかどうかを確認する1つの方法は、非共沸混合物を個々の成分に分離するような条件で、他の成分を含んでなる組成物のサンプルを蒸留することである。他の成分を含む本発明の混合物が非共沸性である場合、この「他の成分」が本発明の共沸性成分から分離されるだろう。この混合物が共沸性である場合、第1の蒸留留分のいくらかが、混合物のすべての成分を含んだ形で得られるか、単一物質のような挙動を示すだろう。
本発明の組成物は、CFC類およびHCFC類の代替品として、幅広い用途に使用することができる。例えば、本発明の組成物は、溶媒、発泡剤、冷媒、洗浄剤、およびエーロゾルとして有用である。
(実施例)
本発明を以下の実施例によりさらに詳細に説明するが、この実施例は本発明を限定するものでは決してない。
(実施例1)
コンデンサーに連結された頂部の真空ジャケット付きチューブ(vacuum jacketed tube)からなる沸点上昇分子量計(ebulliometer)を使用する。HFC−134a(約20g)を沸点上昇分子量計に入れ、次いで、測定された小量の増加分だけHFC−245faを加え、さらに測定された少量の増加分だけ水を加える。HFC−245faと水とがHFC−134aに添加されると、温度の低下が測定され、3相の沸点が最低となる(minimum boiling)共沸性を示す。約0.1〜約30重量%のHFC−245faと、0.1から9ないし10重量%の水によって、組成物の沸点が約1℃以下だけ変化する。表2に示す3相混合物について実験したところ、この組成物の沸点が約1℃のみ変化する。それゆえ、この組成物は、この範囲において、共沸および/または共沸性の特性を示す。
(実施例2)
水酸価が380であるポリエーテル(100g)と、サッカロースとプロピレングリコールと水との溶液にプロピレンオキサイドを加えたものとを、泡安定化剤であるシロキサンポリエーテルコポリマー(2g)およびジメチルシクロヘキシルアミン(3g)とともに混合する。撹拌しながら、この混合物(100g)を、発泡剤である実施例1の共沸性組成物(15g)と混合する。その混合物を、未精製の4,4’−ジイソシアネートジフェニルメタン(152g)と発泡させる。その結果生じた硬質フォームを検査したところ、良好な品質であることが確認される。
(実施例3)
この実施例では、本発明の発泡剤組成物を用いて調製したフォーム類の熱的データを説明する。本実施例では以下の材料を使用した:
ポリオール:ポリエステルとポリエーテルポリオールとのブレンド。これは市販されている材料である。
HFC−245fa、HFC−134a:ハネウェル社から市販の1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン、1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタン。
界面活性剤A:ゴールドシュミット社(Goldschmidt)から市販のポリシロキサンポリエーテルコポリマー。
触媒処方(pkg.):エア・プロダクツ社(Air Products)から市販のアミン触媒をブレンドしたもの。
フォームが、標準的なスプレーフォーム(噴霧発泡)の条件でスプレーされ、ボール紙の上に押し出され、膨張する。HFC−134aを、スプレーガンの前に、供給管(supply line)を通してガス状で添加する。クリーム(Cream)、開始(initiation)、ゲル化時間およびタックフリー時間(gel and tack free times)を、個々のポリウレタンフォームサンプルについて測定した。
これらのフォームについてkファクター(k-factor)を測定した。測定したkファクターを表3に示す。
Claims (10)
- 1〜10重量%の水と、1〜10重量%のHFC−245fa(1,1,1,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロパン)と、98〜80重量%の1,1,1,2−テトラフルオロエタンとからなる共沸性組成物であって、
14.57psia(100456.43Pa)における沸点が−25.80℃±4℃である、上記共沸性組成物。 - 請求項1に記載の共沸性組成物を含んでなる発泡剤組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の共沸性組成物を含んでなる揮発性発泡剤の存在下で、反応してポリウレタンフォームおよびポリイソシアヌレートフォームを生成する成分を混合したものを、反応および発泡させることを含む、ポリウレタンフォームおよびポリイソシアヌレートフォームの製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の共沸性組成物を含んでなる発泡剤の存在下で、ポリイソシアネートまたはポリイソシアヌレートを発泡させることによって調製された独立気泡のフォーム組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の共沸性組成物を含んでなる発泡剤とポリオールとのプレミックス。
- 請求項1に記載の組成物を含んでなる噴射剤とスプレー用材料とを含んでなる、スプレー可能な組成物。
- 前記スプレー可能な組成物がエーロゾルである、請求項6に記載のスプレー可能な組成物。
- 前記スプレー可能な組成物が化粧品材料である、請求項6に記載のスプレー可能な組成物。
- 前記スプレー用材料が医薬材料である、請求項6に記載のスプレー可能な組成物。
- 請求項2に記載の発泡剤から調製される気泡内ガスを含む独立気泡のフォーム。
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US29720101P | 2001-06-08 | 2001-06-08 | |
PCT/US2002/018189 WO2002100506A1 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2002-06-10 | Azeotrope-like compositions of tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoropropane and water |
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JP2004536906A JP2004536906A (ja) | 2004-12-09 |
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EP (1) | EP1425077B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4088248B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100885760B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1266096C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE482756T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002314988B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60237831D1 (ja) |
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US20040097604A1 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-05-20 | Schilling Steven L. | Rigid foams with improved insulation properties and a process for the production of such foams |
US7479477B2 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2009-01-20 | Honeywell International Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of difluoromethane and trifluoroiodomethane |
US7265082B2 (en) * | 2004-08-04 | 2007-09-04 | Honeywell International Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane and carbon tetrachloride |
CN101039994A (zh) * | 2004-10-12 | 2007-09-19 | 陶氏环球技术公司 | 发泡剂组合物和由此生产的多异氰酸酯基泡沫体 |
US20060179852A1 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-17 | Honeywell International Inc. | Compositions and methods for cleaning vapor compression systems |
US20070210276A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-09-13 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method for generating pollution credits |
US20090049856A1 (en) * | 2007-08-20 | 2009-02-26 | Honeywell International Inc. | Working fluid of a blend of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and method and apparatus for using |
US8044015B2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-10-25 | Honeywell International Inc. | 3-chloro 1,1,1,6,6,6-hexafluoro-2,4-hexadiene and solvent compositions containing the same |
US8951431B2 (en) | 2010-05-06 | 2015-02-10 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotrope-like compositions of pentafluoropropene and water |
US10029964B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2018-07-24 | Honeywell International Inc. | Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne and water |
US9950973B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2018-04-24 | Honeywell International Inc. | Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of 1,3-dichloro-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene (HCFO-1232zd) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) |
US9950974B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2018-04-24 | Honeywell International Inc. | Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of 1,3,3-trichloro-3-fluoro-1-ene (HCFO-1231zd) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) |
CN107603567A (zh) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-01-19 | 青岛理工大学 | HFC‑245fa/HFC‑134a混合制冷剂在高温热泵中的应用 |
CN107603568A (zh) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-19 | 青岛理工大学 | 一种适用于高温热泵的环保型非共沸混合制冷剂 |
CN114350321B (zh) * | 2021-12-03 | 2024-02-09 | 湖北瑞能华辉能源管理有限公司 | 一种节能环保型热泵工质及其应用 |
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US6043291A (en) | 1997-06-03 | 2000-03-28 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Method for producing foamed synthetic resin |
JP3909536B2 (ja) * | 1997-06-03 | 2007-04-25 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 硬質発泡合成樹脂の製造方法 |
US6218443B1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 2001-04-17 | Basf Corporation | Pentafluoropropane blowing agent-containing resin blend for use in making integral skin foams |
US6100230A (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2000-08-08 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Azeotrope-like compositions of pentafluoropropane, hydrocarbons and water |
JP2000302832A (ja) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-31 | Bridgestone Corp | 硬質ポリウレタンフォーム |
US6774069B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2004-08-10 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Hot-melt adhesive for non-woven elastic composite bonding |
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CN1541129A (zh) | 2004-10-27 |
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