JP4050024B2 - Electrode material and manufacturing method thereof, electrode and battery - Google Patents

Electrode material and manufacturing method thereof, electrode and battery Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4050024B2
JP4050024B2 JP2001294817A JP2001294817A JP4050024B2 JP 4050024 B2 JP4050024 B2 JP 4050024B2 JP 2001294817 A JP2001294817 A JP 2001294817A JP 2001294817 A JP2001294817 A JP 2001294817A JP 4050024 B2 JP4050024 B2 JP 4050024B2
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electrode
water
binder
electrode material
active material
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JP2003109597A (en
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恵子 松原
利章 津野
輝 高椋
揆允 沈
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Samsung SDI Co Ltd
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Samsung SDI Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2001294817A priority Critical patent/JP4050024B2/en
Priority to KR10-2002-0014073A priority patent/KR100441525B1/en
Priority to CNB021414491A priority patent/CN100438142C/en
Priority to US10/251,671 priority patent/US6869730B2/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621Binders
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1393Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621Binders
    • H01M4/622Binders being polymers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、リチウム二次電池等に好適に使用できる電極材料及びその製造方法、電極並びに電池に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
小型軽量化及び高性能化が進んでいる携帯電子機器のニーズに応えるため、リチウム二次電池の高容量化が急務となっている。
リチウム二次電池の高容量化のためには活物質の単位重量あたりの容量を増加させることはもちろん重要であるが、極板内の活物質以外の割合を極力減らし、活物質をより多く入れることができるようにすることも重要である。
【0003】
現在負極板の結着剤として広く用いられているポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)は、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンのような有機溶剤に溶解する樹脂である。PVdFは、本来は接着剤ではないが、黒鉛材料との相性が良く、これを概ね黒鉛の8〜10%程度添加することによって高い結着力をもった極板を作成することが可能となる。
しかし、PVdFは繊維が密に詰まったような状態で活物質を覆うため、容量、効率ともに活物質が本来持っている電池性能を低下させる要因となる。また、活物質へのリチウムイオンの円滑な挿入・脱離が行われるためには、電極のインピーダンスを極力低下させることが有用な手段であるが、一般的に結着剤は非導電性物質であるため、出来る限り結着剤の量を減らすとともに、結着剤そのものの導電性を向上させる必要がある。導電性高分子を結着剤に組み入れることができれば、従来の結着剤では得られない電池特性を得ることができる可能性がある。
また、PVdFは高い接着力を有するものの柔軟性に乏しい。そのため、天然黒鉛のように面間隔が狭く、充放電による膨張収縮率が高い材料を活物質として用いると、結合が破壊されてサイクル特性が低下しやすい傾向がある。そこで、結着剤に弾性を付与し、充放電にともなう膨脹収縮を柔軟に吸収するさせる必要がある。
さらに、PVdFのように溶剤系結着剤の場合は、安全性や製造時の溶剤回収などの問題点があるため、水系の結着剤であることが望まれている。
【0004】
一方、リチウム電池用に使用されている水系結着剤としては、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)のようなゴム系ラテックスがある。SBRは弾性が高く、セルロースなどの増粘剤とともに使用することにより、充放電にともなう電極の膨脹収縮を緩和することが期待されているが、これらゴム系ラテックス結着剤は点接着であり、PVdFに比べ活物質との接触面積が狭い。そのため、接着力が弱く、極板からの活物質の脱落や活物質同士の結着性の低下を招やすく、サイクル特性がPVdFに比べ劣る傾向がある。
特に、人造黒鉛は一般的に比表面積が小さい上に濡れ性が悪く、人造黒鉛の結着剤としてゴム系ラテックスと増粘剤のみの合材を用いた場合、数100回以上の充放電に耐える十分な接着性を得ることは難しい。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、活物質間あるいは活物質と集電体の結着性に優れ、柔軟性を備え、高い充放電容量と優れたサイクル特性を備えると共に安全性や溶剤回収の問題もない電極材料及びその製造方法を提供し、またこの電極材料を有する負極電極及びリチウム二次電池を提供することを課題とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を検討した結果、水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子と水溶性高分子とを含む結着剤が、従来の結着剤に代わる有効な結着剤であることを見出した。
また、本発明者らはさらに検討を進めた結果、水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子及び水溶性高分子に、さらにゴム系ラテックスを加えると、充放電に伴う活物質の膨張収縮を吸収する柔軟性も兼ね備え、サイクル特性に優れた電極を作成できる結着剤となることを見出した。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明の電極材料は、活物質と結着剤とを含む電極材料であって、前記結着剤が、水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子とゴム系ラテックスと水溶性高分子とを含むことを特徴とする。
水系結着剤は一般的にセルロースなどの水溶性高分子を増粘剤として使用するが、本発明では、水溶性高分子は単なる増粘剤としての役割だけでなく、水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子と併用することにより高い接着性を生み出す結着剤としての役割を担っている。さらにゴム系ラテックスを併用することにより、柔軟性を向上させることができる。
係る電極材料においては、従来の結着剤を使用する場合と比較して、半分以下の結着剤の使用で充分な結着性を持たせることができる。そのため、活物質が有効に機能し、単位重量あたりの充放電容量が増加するとともに、結着剤が少ない分、より多くの活物質を電極に使用することができるために、電池全体の容量が増加する。また、ゴム系ラテックスを併用することにより、結着剤が柔軟性に富むため、充放電に伴う活物質の膨張収縮を吸収することができ、優れたサイクル特性を備える電極材料とすることができる。また、水系の結着剤であるので、安全性や溶剤回収の問題を解消することができる。
【0008】
また、本発明の電極材料の製造方法は、活物質と、水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子、ゴム系ラテックス及び水溶性高分子を含む結着剤と、水とを混練した後、乾燥させることを特徴とする。
係る電極材料の製造方法によれば、従来の結着剤を使用する場合と比較して、半分以下の結着剤の使用で充分な結着性を持たせることができる。また、結着剤が柔軟性に富むため、充放電に伴う活物質の膨張収縮を吸収することができる。また、導電性高分子ポリアニリンを含有しているため、リチウムイオンの挿入・脱離が円滑に行われ、高い電流密度での充放電においてもサイクル劣化を抑制できる。そのため、高い充放電容量と優れたサイクル特性を備える電極材料とすることができる。また、溶媒として水を使用するので、安全性や溶剤回収の問題を解消することができる。
【0009】
次に、本発明の電極は、先のいずれかの電極材料を備えたことを特徴とする。この場合、エネルギー密度が高く、サイクル特性に優れた電極とすることができる。特に、これを負極電極として構成した場合に、高い電池特性を得ることができる。
また、本発明の電池は、かかる電極を、正極及び/又は負極として備えたことを特徴とする。係る電池によれば、エネルギー密度が高く、サイクル特性に優れた電池とすることができる。本発明の電池は、リチウム二次電池やニッケル水素電池等として構成できるが、特にリチウム二次電池として構成した場合に高い電池特性を得ることができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
本実施形態の電極材料は、活物質を結着剤で結着したものである。本実施形態に用いる活物質としては、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、膨脹黒鉛、炭素繊維、フェノール樹脂焼成品のような難黒鉛炭素類、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラックなどのカーボンブラック類、カーボンナノチューブ、フラーレン、活性炭、などの炭素および黒鉛材料、さらにはLiと合金可能なAl, Si, Sn, Ag, Bi, Mg, Zn, In, Ge, Pb, Pd, Pt, Tiなどの金属、およびこれらの元素を含む化合物、またはこれらの金属および化合物と炭素および黒鉛材料との複合化物、リチウム含有窒化物がリチウム二次電池の負極材そして使用可能な材料があげられるが、正極活物質に対しても本発明の材料を結着剤として使用しても差し支えない。
【0011】
本実施形態に用いる結着剤は、水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子と水溶性高分子およびゴム系ラテックスとをすべて含むものである。
水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子としては、ポリアニリンスルフォン酸、ポリアニリンスルフォン酸、ポリアニリンカルボン酸等を採用することができるが、ポリアニリンスルフォン酸とすることが好ましい。ポリアニリンスルフォン酸はリチウム二次電池の負極材として一般的に用いられている炭素材料との相互作用が強く、高い決着性を生み出すことができる。
また、これら水溶性アニリン系高分子に含まれるポリアニリンは導電性の高分子であり、これを使用した電極のインピーダンスを他の高分子結着剤を用いた場合に比べ低減させることができる。ポリアニリンを含有した水溶性高分子の作成方法はたとえば特開2000-219739に示されている。
水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子と活物質だけでは十分な接着力を得ることができないが、これと水溶性高分子を混合することにより、活物質間および活物質と集電体間の高い接着力を得ると同時に、均一な電極を作成するために必要な粘度および塗工性を与えることができる。水溶性高分子を導入することにより接着性は向上するが、電極の柔軟性は損なわれる。そこで、ゴム系ラテックスを水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子および水溶性高分子と併用することにより、電極の柔軟性が非常に向上し、充放電に伴う電極の膨脹収縮を柔軟に吸収し、その結果優れたサイクル特性を達成することができる。また、上記結着剤は従来の結着剤に比べて少ない量で十分な接着性をもつため、活物質を有効に活用することによって高い電池容量をえることができる。
【0012】
この水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子は、電極材料全体に対して0.1〜10重量%の比率で含まれることが好ましい。0.1重量%より少ないと活物質間および活物質と集電体の間の決着力が低下するため好ましくなく、10重量%より多い電池容量の低下およびインピーダンス増加による高電流特性の劣化を招くので好ましくない。また、結着剤と活物質および水から構成される塗料の集電体への塗工性も低下するので好ましくない。
また、より好ましい比率は、0.3〜2重量%である。
【0013】
また、水溶性高分子としては、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリメタクリル酸、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリ−N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド、ポリ−N,N−ジメチルアクリルアミド、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリオキシエチレン、ポリ(2−メトキシエトキシエチレン)、ポリ(3−モルフィリニルエチレン)、ポリビニルスルホン酸、ポリビニリデンフルオライド、アミロース、等が挙げられるが、ポリビニルアルコールとすることが好ましい。ポリビニルアルコールは充放電に伴う劣化や析出物がなく、安定した充放電が行われ、高い充放電容量と優れたサイクル特性を達成することができる。
【0014】
この水溶性高分子は、前記電極材料に対して0.1〜10重量%の比率で含まれることが好ましい。0.1重量%より少ないと結着剤と活物質および水からなる塗料の粘度が低すぎて均一な電極を作成することが難しく、結着性も低下する。また10重量%より多いと逆に粘度が上がりすぎて塗工性が著しく低下するとともに、電極の柔軟性も低下し、さらに電極内の活物質の割合が減少することによる電池容量の低減を招くので好ましくない。
より好ましい比率は、0.3〜3重量%である。
【0015】
また、ゴム系ラテックスとしては、スチレンブタジエンゴム、ニトリルブタジエンゴム、メチルメタクリレートブタジエンゴム、クロロブレンゴム等を採用することかできるが、スチレンブタジエンゴムとすることが好ましい。
これにより、高い柔軟性の電極が作成でき、優れたサイクル特性を達成することができる。
【0016】
このゴム系ラテックスは、前記電極材料に対して0.1〜10重量%の比率で含まれることが好ましい。0.1重量%より少ないと十分な柔軟性を得ることができず、10重量%より多いと逆に電極が固くなってしまう。また結着剤の合計量が増えるために電池容量の低下を招くので好ましくない
【0017】
また、水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子と水溶性高分子とゴム系ラテックスの合計量は、前記電極材料に対して10重量%以下の比率、より好ましくは5%以下の比率で含まれることが好ましい。10重量%より多いと電極インピーダンスの増大、電池容量の低下を招くとともに、電極の柔軟性も損なわれるので好ましくない。
【0018】
また、本実施形態の電極材料には、活物質と結着剤との他に、カーボンブラック、気相成長炭素繊維などの導電剤、および電池特性向上のため金属、金属化合物、酸化物等他の成分を必要に応じて加えても差し支えない。
【0019】
本実施形態の電極材料は、電極材料と水とを混練したペーストを乾燥することにより製造できる。
この乾燥は、実際上は負極電極の集電体上でなされる。すなわち、電極材料と水とを混練りしたペーストを金属箔若しくは金属網からなる集電体に塗布して乾燥することにより、負極電極が構成できる。
この乾燥にあたり、結着剤に用いる水溶性高分子がポリビニルアルコールである場合は、乾燥温度を150℃以下とすることが好ましい。150℃より高い温度で乾燥すると、ポリビニルアルコールが分解してしまうとともに、水溶性アニリン系高分子由来の電気抵抗が増加するために好ましくない。
【0020】
本実施形態の電極材料によれば、従来の結着剤を使用する場合と比較して、半分以下の結着剤の使用で充分な結着性を持たせることができる。そのため、高い電池容量を得ることが出来る。また柔軟性に富んでいるため、優れたサイクル特性を備える電極材料とすることができる。また、導電性高分子ポリアニリンを含有しているため、リチウムイオンの挿入・脱離が円滑に行われ、高い電流密度での充放電においてもサイクル劣化を抑制できる。また、水系の結着剤であるので、安全性や溶剤回収の問題を解消することができる。
なお、上記実施形態の電極材料は、負極材料として説明したが、上記結着剤を使用して正極材料として構成できることはもちろんである。
【0021】
次に、本実施形態の負極電極は、上述のように、集電体上に本実施形態の電極材料を塗布乾燥したものである。負極電極は、特に限定されないが、負極端子も兼ねる負極缶の底部に着設されている。
【0022】
また、本実施形態のリチウム二次電池は、この負極電極と、リチウムの吸蔵・放出が可能な正極電極、及び有機電解質とにより構成することができる。
正極電極としては、例えば、LiMn24、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiFeO2、V25、TiS、MoS等のリチウムの吸蔵、放出が可能な正極電極材料や、有機ジスルフィド化合物または有機ポリスルフィド化合物等の正極電極材料を含むものが例示できる。
正極電極も、特に限定されないが、正極端子も兼ねる正極缶の底部に着設されている。
【0023】
有機電解質としては、例えば、非プロトン性溶媒にリチウム塩が溶解されてなる有機電解液を例示できる。
非プロトン性溶媒としては、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、ベンゾニトリル、アセトニトリル、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、γ−ブチロラクトン、ジオキソラン、4−メチルジオキソラン、N、N−ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジオキサン、1,2−ジメトキシエタン、スルホラン、ジクロロエタン、クロロベンゼン、ニトロベンゼン、ジメチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルプロピルカーボネート、メチルイソプロピルカーボネート、エチルブチルカーボネート、ジプロピルカーボネート、ジイソプロピルカーボネート、ジブチルカーボネート、ジエチレングリコール、ジメチルエーテル等の非プロトン性溶媒、あるいはこれらの溶媒のうちの二種以上を混合した混合溶媒を例示でき、特にプロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネートのいずれか1つを必ず含むとともにジメチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネートのいずれか1つを必ず含むことが好ましい。
【0024】
また、リチウム塩としては、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSbF6、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO22N、LiC49SO3、LiSbF6、LiAlO4、LiAlCl4、LiN(Cx2x+1SO2)(Cy2y 1SO2)(ただしx、yは自然数)、LiCl、LiI等のうちの1種または2種以上のリチウム塩を混合させてなるものを例示でき、特にLiPF6、LiBF4のいずれか1つを含むものが好ましい。
またこの他に、リチウム二次電池の有機電解液として従来から知られているものを用いることもできる。
【0025】
また有機電解質は、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリビニルアルコール等のポリマーに上記記載のリチウム塩のいずれかを混合させたものや、膨潤性の高いポリマーに有機電解液を含浸させたもの等、いわゆるポリマー電解質を用いても良い。
【0026】
本実施形態のリチウム二次電池は、上記の正極電極と負極電極の何れか、あるいは双方にリチウムを吸蔵させる電解処理を行った後、上記の正極電池が着設された正極缶と、負極電極が着設された負極缶とを、有機電解質を封入しつつ、絶縁パッキンを介して合わせることにより組み立てられる。
【0027】
本実施形態の負極電極及びリチウム二次電池によれば、本実施形態の電極材料をリチウムの担持体として用いているので、エネルギー密度が高く、サイクル特性に優れたリチウム二次電池を構成することができる。
【0028】
なお、上記実施形態ではコイン型のリチウム二次電池としたが、例えば、円筒形、角形、あるいはシート型等の種々の形状に構成することができる。
【0029】
【実施例】
[実施例1]
96重量%の天然黒鉛と、2重量%のポリビニルアルコール(PVA)と、ポリアニリンスルフォン酸(PASA)として、1重量%の三菱レイヨン製導電性塗工液aquaPASS(以下PASSと略称する。)と、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)と、水とを混合し、攪拌機を用いて15分攪拌し、ペースト状負極用合剤を調製し銅箔に塗布した。これを60℃で30分予備乾燥後、120℃で24時間真空乾燥した。このようにして、厚さ100μmの電極材料を銅箔上に積層した。
そして、電極材料を積層させた銅箔を直径13mmの円形に打ち抜いて1ton/cm2の圧力で圧延し、負極電極とした。この負極電極を作用極とし、円形に打ち抜いた金属リチウム箔(正極電極)を対極とし、作用極と対極との間に多孔質ポリプロピレンフィルムからなるセパレータを挿入し、電解液としてジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)及びエチレンカーボネート(EC)の混合溶媒に溶質としてLiPF6が1(モル/L)の濃度となるように溶解させたものを用いて、コイン型のテストセルを作成した。
【0030】
このテストセルを用いて充放電試験を行った。まず、充放電電流密度を0.2Cとし、充電終止電圧を0V(L i/L i+)、放電終止電圧を1.5V(L i/ Li+)とした充放電試験を4回行った。次いで、充放電電流密度を1Cとし、充電終止電圧を0V(L i/L i+)、放電終止電圧を1.5V(L i/Li+)とした充放電試験を50回行った。なお、すべての充電は定電流/定電圧で行い、定電圧充電の終止電流は0.01Cとした。
そして、電極材料の1サイクル目(0.2C)における放電容量及び充放電効率を求めた。また、5サイクル目(1Cの1サイクル目)の放電容量を求めた。さらに、また、54サイクル目(1Cの50サイクル目)の放電容量を1サイクル目の放電容量で除した容量比(54th/1st)を求めた。これらの結果を表1に示す。
【0031】
[実施例2]
95重量%の天然黒鉛と、2重量%のPVAと、1重量%のPASSと、2重量%のSBRと、水とを混合してペースト状負極用合剤を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして、コイン型のテストセルを作成した。
そして、このコイン型テストセルについて、実施例1と同様の充放電試験を行った。結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0032】
[実施例3]
94重量%の天然黒鉛と、2重量%のPVAと、1重量%のPASSと、3重量%のSBRと、水とを混合してペースト状負極用合剤を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして、コイン型のテストセルを作成した。
そして、このコイン型テストセルについて、実施例1と同様の充放電試験を行った。結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0033】
[比較例1]
90重量%の天然黒鉛と、10重量%のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)と、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)とを混合してペースト状負極用合剤を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして、コイン型のテストセルを作成した。
そして、このコイン型テストセルについて、実施例1と同様の充放電試験を行った。結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0034】
[比較例2]
96重量%の天然黒鉛と、2重量%のPVAと、2重量%のPASSと、水とを混合してペースト状負極用合剤を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして、コイン型のテストセルを作成した。
そして、このコイン型テストセルについて、実施例1と同様の充放電試験を行った。結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0035】
[実施例4]
96重量%の人造黒鉛と、2重量%のPVAと、1重量%のPASSと、1重量%のSBRと、水とを混合してペースト状負極用合剤を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして、コイン型のテストセルを作成した。
そして、このコイン型テストセルについて、実施例1と同様の充放電試験を行った。結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0036】
[比較例3]
96重量%の人造黒鉛と、3重量%のSBRと、1重量%のCMCと、水とを混合してペースト状負極用合剤を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして、コイン型のテストセルを作成した。
そして、このコイン型テストセルについて、実施例1と同様の充放電試験を行った。結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0037】
[比較例4]
90重量%の人造黒鉛と、10重量%のPVdFと、NMPとを混合してペースト状負極用合剤を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして、コイン型のテストセルを作成した。
そして、このコイン型テストセルについて、実施例1と同様の充放電試験を行った。結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0038】
[比較例5]
96重量%の人造黒鉛と、2重量%のPVAと、2重量%のPASSと、水とを混合してペースト状負極用合剤を調製した以外は実施例1と同様にして、コイン型のテストセルを作成した。
そして、このコイン型テストセルについて、実施例1と同様の充放電試験を行った。結果を表1に併せて示す。
【0039】
【表1】

Figure 0004050024
【0040】
表1に示すように、活物質として天然黒鉛、結着剤としてPVA2%ととPASS、SBRを各1%使用した実施例1では、結着剤としてPVdFを使用した比較例1と比較して高い放電容量と充放電効率が得られた。また、容量維持率については、著しい向上が認められた。
また、これらの電池特性の向上は、PVAとPASSを各2%使用した比較例2よりも顕著であった。これは、SBRの添加により、結着剤に柔軟性が付与され、充放電に伴う活物質の膨張収縮を吸収できるためと考えられる。
【0041】
実施例2、3は、結着剤としてPVA、PASS、SBRを使用しているが、SBRの使用量を変えたものである。いずれも、実施例1程は、電池特性の向上が得られなかった。これは、SBRの量が多いと、PASSの有する導電性が若干低下するためと考えられる。
【0042】
次に、活物質として人造黒鉛を使用する場合であるが、人造黒鉛は天然黒鉛と比較して一般的に比表面積が小さい上、濡れ性が悪い場合が多いので、SBRのような点接触の結着剤のみでは十分結着性を得ることは困難である。実際、SBRとCMCとを用いた比較例3をPVdFを使用した比較例4と比較すると何れの特性も大きく下がっており、このことを裏付けている。
ところが、水系であっても、実施例4のようにPVAとPASSとSBRとを使用すると、PVdFを用いた比較例4と同等の放電容量と充放電効率が得られると共に、比較例4よりも高い容量維持率が得られた。
これは、PASSが電極内で活物質をコーティングすることにより高い接着性が得られると共に、表面の濡れ性も向上して、活物質と結着剤とが良くなじんでいるためと考えられる。
また、これらの電池特性の向上は、PVAとPASSを各2%使用した比較例5よりも顕著であった。これは、SBRの添加により、結着剤に柔軟性が付与され、充放電に伴う活物質の膨張収縮を吸収できるためと考えられる。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳細に説明したように、本発明の電極材料及びその製造方法によれば、充来の結着剤を使用する場合と比較して、半分以下の結着剤の使用で充分な結着性を持たせることができる。また、結着剤が柔軟性に富むため、充放電に伴う活物質の膨張収縮を吸収することができる。そのため、高い充放電容量と優れたサイクル特性を備える電極材料とすることができる。また、導電性高分子ポリアニリンを含有しているため、リチウムイオンの挿入・脱離が円滑に行われ、高い電流密度での充放電においてもサイクル劣化を抑制できる。また、水系の結着剤であるので、安全性や溶剤回収の問題を解消することができる。
また、本発明の電極及び電池によれば、エネルギー密度が高く、サイクル特性に優れた電池を構成することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrode material that can be suitably used for a lithium secondary battery and the like, a manufacturing method thereof, an electrode, and a battery.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to meet the needs of portable electronic devices that are becoming smaller, lighter, and higher in performance, there is an urgent need to increase the capacity of lithium secondary batteries.
It is of course important to increase the capacity per unit weight of the active material in order to increase the capacity of the lithium secondary battery, but the proportion of materials other than the active material in the electrode plate is reduced as much as possible and more active material is added. It is also important to be able to do that.
[0003]
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), which is currently widely used as a binder for negative electrode plates, is a resin that dissolves in an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Although PVdF is not originally an adhesive, it has good compatibility with graphite materials, and by adding approximately 8 to 10% of graphite, it is possible to produce an electrode plate having a high binding force.
However, PVdF covers the active material in a state in which the fibers are tightly packed, which causes a reduction in battery performance inherent in the active material in both capacity and efficiency. In order to smoothly insert and desorb lithium ions into the active material, it is a useful means to reduce the impedance of the electrode as much as possible, but generally the binder is a non-conductive material. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount of the binder as much as possible and improve the conductivity of the binder itself. If a conductive polymer can be incorporated into the binder, battery characteristics that cannot be obtained with conventional binders may be obtained.
Moreover, although PVdF has high adhesive force, it has poor flexibility. Therefore, when a material having a narrow face spacing and a high expansion / contraction rate due to charge / discharge, such as natural graphite, is used as an active material, the bond tends to be broken and the cycle characteristics tend to deteriorate. Therefore, it is necessary to impart elasticity to the binder and to flexibly absorb expansion and contraction associated with charge / discharge.
Furthermore, in the case of solvent-based binders such as PVdF, there are problems such as safety and solvent recovery at the time of manufacture, and therefore, water-based binders are desired.
[0004]
On the other hand, as a water-based binder used for lithium batteries, there is a rubber latex such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). SBR is highly elastic and is expected to reduce the expansion and contraction of the electrode accompanying charging and discharging when used with a thickener such as cellulose. However, these rubber-based latex binders are point adhesives, The contact area with the active material is narrower than PVdF. For this reason, the adhesive strength is weak, the active material is likely to fall off the electrode plate, and the binding property between the active materials is easily lowered, and the cycle characteristics tend to be inferior to that of PVdF.
In particular, artificial graphite generally has a small specific surface area and poor wettability, and when a mixture of only a rubber latex and a thickener is used as a binder for artificial graphite, it can be charged and discharged several hundred times or more. It is difficult to obtain sufficient adhesion to withstand.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has excellent binding properties between active materials or between an active material and a current collector, flexibility, high charge / discharge capacity, and excellent cycle characteristics. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrode material having no safety and solvent recovery problems and a method for producing the same, and to provide a negative electrode and a lithium secondary battery having the electrode material.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of examining the above problems, the present inventors have found that a binder containing a water-soluble aniline-based conductive polymer and a water-soluble polymer is an effective binder in place of the conventional binder. I found it.
Further, as a result of further investigations, the present inventors have found that when a rubber latex is further added to the water-soluble aniline conductive polymer and the water-soluble polymer, the flexible material absorbs the expansion and contraction of the active material accompanying charge / discharge. It has also been found that the binder is capable of producing an electrode having excellent cycle characteristics and excellent cycle characteristics.
[0007]
That is, the electrode material of the present invention is an electrode material containing an active material and a binder, and the binder contains a water-soluble aniline conductive polymer, a rubber latex, and a water-soluble polymer. It is characterized by that.
A water-based binder generally uses a water-soluble polymer such as cellulose as a thickener. However, in the present invention, the water-soluble polymer not only serves as a thickener, but also includes a water-soluble aniline-based conductive material. It plays a role as a binder that produces high adhesion when used in combination with a polymer. Furthermore, the flexibility can be improved by using rubber latex together.
In such an electrode material, sufficient binding properties can be obtained by using less than half of the binder as compared with the case of using a conventional binder. Therefore, the active material functions effectively, the charge / discharge capacity per unit weight is increased, and the amount of the active material can be used for the electrode because the amount of the binder is small. To increase. Moreover, since the binder is rich in flexibility by using rubber latex together, it can absorb the expansion and contraction of the active material accompanying charge / discharge, and can be an electrode material having excellent cycle characteristics. . Moreover, since it is an aqueous binder, the problem of safety and solvent recovery can be solved.
[0008]
In the method for producing an electrode material of the present invention, an active material, a water-soluble aniline-based conductive polymer, a rubber latex and a binder containing a water-soluble polymer, and water are kneaded and then dried. It is characterized by.
According to such a method for producing an electrode material, sufficient binding properties can be obtained by using half or less of the binder as compared with the case of using a conventional binder. Further, since the binder is rich in flexibility, the expansion and contraction of the active material accompanying charge / discharge can be absorbed. In addition, since it contains the conductive polymer polyaniline, lithium ions can be smoothly inserted and removed, and cycle deterioration can be suppressed even during charge and discharge at a high current density. Therefore, an electrode material having a high charge / discharge capacity and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. Moreover, since water is used as a solvent, the problem of safety and solvent recovery can be solved.
[0009]
Next, the electrode of the present invention is characterized by including any of the above electrode materials. In this case, an electrode having high energy density and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. In particular, when this is configured as a negative electrode, high battery characteristics can be obtained.
In addition, the battery of the present invention is characterized in that such an electrode is provided as a positive electrode and / or a negative electrode. According to such a battery, a battery having high energy density and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. The battery of the present invention can be configured as a lithium secondary battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or the like, but high battery characteristics can be obtained particularly when configured as a lithium secondary battery.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
The electrode material of this embodiment is obtained by binding an active material with a binder. Examples of the active material used in the present embodiment include natural graphite, artificial graphite, natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, carbon fiber, non-graphite carbon such as a phenol resin fired product, carbon black such as acetylene black and ketjen black Carbon, graphite materials such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, activated carbon, etc., and also Al, Si, Sn, Ag, Bi, Mg, Zn, In, Ge, Pb, Pd, Pt, Ti, etc. that can be alloyed with Li Metals and compounds containing these elements, or composites of these metals and compounds with carbon and graphite materials, and lithium-containing nitrides include negative electrode materials and usable materials for lithium secondary batteries. The material of the present invention can be used as a binder for substances.
[0011]
The binder used in the present embodiment includes all of the water-soluble aniline conductive polymer, the water-soluble polymer, and the rubber latex.
As the water-soluble aniline-based conductive polymer, polyaniline sulfonic acid, polyaniline sulfonic acid, polyaniline carboxylic acid and the like can be adopted, and polyaniline sulfonic acid is preferable. Polyaniline sulfonic acid has a strong interaction with a carbon material generally used as a negative electrode material of a lithium secondary battery, and can produce high determinability.
Further, polyaniline contained in these water-soluble aniline polymers is a conductive polymer, and the impedance of an electrode using the polyaniline can be reduced as compared with the case of using another polymer binder. A method for producing a water-soluble polymer containing polyaniline is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-219739.
A water-soluble aniline-based conductive polymer and an active material alone cannot provide sufficient adhesion, but by mixing this with a water-soluble polymer, high adhesion between the active material and between the active material and the current collector is achieved. At the same time that the force is obtained, the viscosity and coatability necessary to produce a uniform electrode can be provided. By introducing the water-soluble polymer, the adhesion is improved, but the flexibility of the electrode is impaired. Therefore, by using rubber latex in combination with water-soluble aniline conductive polymer and water-soluble polymer, the flexibility of the electrode is greatly improved, and the expansion and contraction of the electrode accompanying charging and discharging is flexibly absorbed. As a result, excellent cycle characteristics can be achieved. Moreover, since the said binder has sufficient adhesiveness in a small quantity compared with the conventional binder, a high battery capacity can be obtained by utilizing an active material effectively.
[0012]
The water-soluble aniline-based conductive polymer is preferably contained at a ratio of 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to the entire electrode material. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, it is not preferable because the fixing power between the active materials and between the active material and the current collector is reduced, which is not preferable. Therefore, it is not preferable. Moreover, since the coating property to the electrical power collector of the coating material comprised from a binder, an active material, and water also falls, it is unpreferable.
Moreover, a more preferable ratio is 0.3 to 2 weight%.
[0013]
Examples of the water-soluble polymer include polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylamide, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide, poly-N, N-dimethylacrylamide, and polyethyleneimine. , Polyoxyethylene, poly (2-methoxyethoxyethylene), poly (3-morpholinylethylene), polyvinyl sulfonic acid, polyvinylidene fluoride, amylose, and the like, preferably polyvinyl alcohol. Polyvinyl alcohol is free from deterioration and deposits associated with charge and discharge, and is stably charged and discharged, and can achieve high charge and discharge capacity and excellent cycle characteristics.
[0014]
This water-soluble polymer is preferably contained at a ratio of 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to the electrode material. When the amount is less than 0.1% by weight, the viscosity of the coating material composed of the binder, the active material, and water is too low to make a uniform electrode, and the binding property is also lowered. On the other hand, when the amount is more than 10% by weight, the viscosity is excessively increased, the coating property is remarkably lowered, the flexibility of the electrode is also lowered, and the ratio of the active material in the electrode is further reduced, thereby reducing the battery capacity. Therefore, it is not preferable.
A more preferred ratio is 0.3 to 3% by weight.
[0015]
As the rubber latex, styrene butadiene rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, methyl methacrylate butadiene rubber, chlorobrene rubber or the like can be adopted, and styrene butadiene rubber is preferable.
Thereby, a highly flexible electrode can be produced and excellent cycle characteristics can be achieved.
[0016]
This rubber-based latex is preferably contained at a ratio of 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to the electrode material. If the amount is less than 0.1% by weight, sufficient flexibility cannot be obtained, and if it is more than 10% by weight, the electrode becomes hard. Further, since the total amount of the binder is increased, the battery capacity is reduced, which is not preferable.
The total amount of the water-soluble aniline-based conductive polymer, the water-soluble polymer, and the rubber-based latex may be included in a ratio of 10% by weight or less, more preferably 5% or less with respect to the electrode material. preferable. If it exceeds 10% by weight, the electrode impedance is increased, the battery capacity is decreased, and the flexibility of the electrode is also impaired, which is not preferable.
[0018]
In addition to the active material and the binder, the electrode material of the present embodiment includes a conductive agent such as carbon black and vapor grown carbon fiber, and a metal, a metal compound, an oxide, etc. for improving battery characteristics. These ingredients may be added as needed.
[0019]
The electrode material of this embodiment can be manufactured by drying a paste obtained by kneading the electrode material and water.
This drying is actually performed on the current collector of the negative electrode. That is, a negative electrode can be formed by applying a paste prepared by kneading an electrode material and water to a current collector made of a metal foil or a metal net and drying.
In this drying, when the water-soluble polymer used for the binder is polyvinyl alcohol, the drying temperature is preferably 150 ° C. or lower. Drying at a temperature higher than 150 ° C. is not preferable because polyvinyl alcohol is decomposed and electric resistance derived from the water-soluble aniline polymer is increased.
[0020]
According to the electrode material of the present embodiment, sufficient binding properties can be obtained by using half or less of the binder as compared with the case of using the conventional binder. Therefore, a high battery capacity can be obtained. Moreover, since it is rich in flexibility, an electrode material having excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. In addition, since it contains the conductive polymer polyaniline, lithium ions can be smoothly inserted and removed, and cycle deterioration can be suppressed even during charge and discharge at a high current density. Moreover, since it is an aqueous binder, the problem of safety and solvent recovery can be solved.
In addition, although the electrode material of the said embodiment was demonstrated as a negative electrode material, of course, it can be comprised as a positive electrode material using the said binder.
[0021]
Next, the negative electrode of this embodiment is obtained by applying and drying the electrode material of this embodiment on a current collector as described above. The negative electrode is not particularly limited, but is attached to the bottom of a negative electrode can that also serves as a negative electrode terminal.
[0022]
Moreover, the lithium secondary battery of this embodiment can be comprised by this negative electrode, the positive electrode which can occlude / release lithium, and an organic electrolyte.
Examples of the positive electrode include a positive electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, such as LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiFeO 2 , V 2 O 5 , TiS, and MoS, an organic disulfide compound, or an organic polysulfide. The thing containing positive electrode material, such as a compound, can be illustrated.
The positive electrode is not particularly limited, but is attached to the bottom of the positive electrode can which also serves as the positive electrode terminal.
[0023]
As the organic electrolyte, for example, an organic electrolytic solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved in an aprotic solvent can be exemplified.
As aprotic solvents, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, benzonitrile, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, γ-butyrolactone, dioxolane, 4-methyldioxolane, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl Sulfoxide, dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, sulfolane, dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, diisopropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate , Diethylene glycol, dimethyl An aprotic solvent such as ether, or a mixed solvent in which two or more of these solvents are mixed can be exemplified. In particular, any one of propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate must be included, and dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl It is preferable that any one of carbonate and diethyl carbonate is necessarily contained.
[0024]
As the lithium salt, LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiSbF 6, LiAsF 6, LiClO 4, LiCF 3 SO 3, Li (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N, LiC 4 F 9 SO 3, LiSbF 6, LiAlO 4, LiAlCl 4, LiN (C x F 2x + 1 SO 2) (C y F 2y tens 1 SO 2) (provided that x, y are natural numbers), LiCl, one or more lithium salts of such LiI the mixed was able to illustrate what comprising, preferably specifically including any one of LiPF 6, LiBF 4.
In addition to this, a conventionally known organic electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery may be used.
[0025]
The organic electrolyte is a so-called polymer electrolyte, such as a polymer obtained by mixing any of the above lithium salts with a polymer such as polyethylene oxide or polyvinyl alcohol, or a polymer having a highly swellable impregnated with an organic electrolyte. May be.
[0026]
The lithium secondary battery according to the present embodiment includes a positive electrode can in which the positive electrode battery is attached, and a negative electrode after electrolytic treatment for occluding lithium in either or both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is performed. Is assembled by combining the negative electrode can attached with a via an insulating packing while enclosing the organic electrolyte.
[0027]
According to the negative electrode and the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment, since the electrode material of the present embodiment is used as a lithium carrier, a lithium secondary battery having high energy density and excellent cycle characteristics is configured. Can do.
[0028]
In the above embodiment, the coin-type lithium secondary battery is used. However, it can be formed in various shapes such as a cylindrical shape, a square shape, or a sheet shape.
[0029]
【Example】
[Example 1]
96% by weight of natural graphite, 2% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 1% by weight of Mitsubishi Rayon conductive coating solution AquaPASS (hereinafter abbreviated as PASS) as polyaniline sulfonic acid (PASA), Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and water were mixed and stirred for 15 minutes using a stirrer to prepare a paste-like negative electrode mixture and applied to the copper foil. This was pre-dried at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes and then vacuum-dried at 120 ° C. for 24 hours. In this way, an electrode material having a thickness of 100 μm was laminated on the copper foil.
And the copper foil which laminated | stacked the electrode material was punched in the circle | round | yen of diameter 13mm, and it rolled with the pressure of 1 ton / cm < 2 >, and set it as the negative electrode. This negative electrode is used as a working electrode, a metal lithium foil (positive electrode) punched in a circle is used as a counter electrode, a separator made of a porous polypropylene film is inserted between the working electrode and the counter electrode, and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is used as an electrolyte. A coin-type test cell was prepared using a solution obtained by dissolving LiPF 6 as a solute in a mixed solvent of diethyl carbonate (DEC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) to a concentration of 1 (mol / L).
[0030]
A charge / discharge test was performed using this test cell. First, a charge / discharge test was performed four times with a charge / discharge current density of 0.2 C, a charge end voltage of 0 V (L i / L i + ), and a discharge end voltage of 1.5 V (L i / Li + ). . Next, a charge / discharge test was performed 50 times with a charge / discharge current density of 1 C, a charge end voltage of 0 V (L i / L i + ), and a discharge end voltage of 1.5 V (L i / Li + ). All the charging was performed at a constant current / constant voltage, and the end current of the constant voltage charging was 0.01C.
And the discharge capacity and charging / discharging efficiency in the 1st cycle (0.2C) of electrode material were calculated | required. Further, the discharge capacity at the fifth cycle (1C first cycle) was determined. Furthermore, the capacity ratio (54th / 1st) obtained by dividing the discharge capacity at the 54th cycle (50th cycle of 1C) by the discharge capacity at the first cycle was obtained. These results are shown in Table 1.
[0031]
[Example 2]
Example 1 except that a paste-like negative electrode mixture was prepared by mixing 95% by weight of natural graphite, 2% by weight of PVA, 1% by weight of PASS, 2% by weight of SBR, and water. Similarly, a coin-type test cell was created.
Then, the same charge / discharge test as in Example 1 was performed on this coin type test cell. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0032]
[Example 3]
Example 1 except that a paste-like negative electrode mixture was prepared by mixing 94% by weight of natural graphite, 2% by weight of PVA, 1% by weight of PASS, 3% by weight of SBR, and water. Similarly, a coin-type test cell was created.
Then, the same charge / discharge test as in Example 1 was performed on this coin type test cell. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0033]
[Comparative Example 1]
Example 1 except that 90% by weight of natural graphite, 10% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) were mixed to prepare a paste-like negative electrode mixture. Similarly, a coin-type test cell was created.
Then, the same charge / discharge test as in Example 1 was performed on this coin type test cell. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0034]
[Comparative Example 2]
In the same manner as in Example 1, except that 96 wt% natural graphite, 2 wt% PVA, 2 wt% PASS, and water were mixed to prepare a paste-like negative electrode mixture, A test cell was created.
Then, the same charge / discharge test as in Example 1 was performed on this coin type test cell. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0035]
[Example 4]
Example 1 except that 96 wt% artificial graphite, 2 wt% PVA, 1 wt% PASS, 1 wt% SBR, and water were mixed to prepare a paste-like negative electrode mixture. Similarly, a coin-type test cell was created.
Then, the same charge / discharge test as in Example 1 was performed on this coin type test cell. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0036]
[Comparative Example 3]
In the same manner as in Example 1, except that 96 wt% artificial graphite, 3 wt% SBR, 1 wt% CMC, and water were mixed to prepare a paste negative electrode mixture, A test cell was created.
Then, the same charge / discharge test as in Example 1 was performed on this coin type test cell. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0037]
[Comparative Example 4]
A coin type test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 90 wt% artificial graphite, 10 wt% PVdF, and NMP were mixed to prepare a paste-like negative electrode mixture.
Then, the same charge / discharge test as in Example 1 was performed on this coin type test cell. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0038]
[Comparative Example 5]
In the same manner as in Example 1, except that 96 wt% artificial graphite, 2 wt% PVA, 2 wt% PASS, and water were mixed to prepare a paste-like negative electrode mixture, A test cell was created.
Then, the same charge / discharge test as in Example 1 was performed on this coin type test cell. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004050024
[0040]
As shown in Table 1, in Example 1 using natural graphite as an active material, 2% PVA as a binder, and 1% each of PASS and SBR, compared with Comparative Example 1 using PVdF as a binder. High discharge capacity and charge / discharge efficiency were obtained. In addition, the capacity maintenance rate was remarkably improved.
Moreover, the improvement of these battery characteristics was more remarkable than the comparative example 2 which used PVA and PASS 2% each. This is presumably because the addition of SBR imparts flexibility to the binder and can absorb the expansion and contraction of the active material accompanying charge and discharge.
[0041]
In Examples 2 and 3, PVA, PASS, and SBR are used as the binder, but the amount of SBR used is changed. In all cases, the battery characteristics were not improved as much as in Example 1. This is presumably because the conductivity of PASS is slightly lowered when the amount of SBR is large.
[0042]
Next, when artificial graphite is used as the active material, artificial graphite generally has a small specific surface area compared to natural graphite and often has poor wettability. It is difficult to obtain sufficient binding properties only with the binder. In fact, when Comparative Example 3 using SBR and CMC is compared with Comparative Example 4 using PVdF, all the characteristics are greatly reduced, which confirms this.
However, even in an aqueous system, when PVA, PASS, and SBR are used as in Example 4, a discharge capacity and charge / discharge efficiency equivalent to that of Comparative Example 4 using PVdF can be obtained, and compared with Comparative Example 4 A high capacity retention rate was obtained.
This is presumably because PASS coats the active material in the electrode to obtain high adhesion and also improves the wettability of the surface so that the active material and the binder are well compatible.
Moreover, the improvement of these battery characteristics was more remarkable than the comparative example 5 which used PVA and PASS 2% each. This is presumably because the addition of SBR imparts flexibility to the binder and can absorb the expansion and contraction of the active material accompanying charge and discharge.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the electrode material of the present invention and the method for producing the same, it is sufficient to use less than half of the binder as compared with the case of using the conventional binder. Can have sex. Further, since the binder is rich in flexibility, the expansion and contraction of the active material accompanying charge / discharge can be absorbed. Therefore, an electrode material having a high charge / discharge capacity and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained. In addition, since it contains the conductive polymer polyaniline, lithium ions can be smoothly inserted and removed, and cycle deterioration can be suppressed even during charge and discharge at a high current density. Moreover, since it is an aqueous binder, the problem of safety and solvent recovery can be solved.
Further, according to the electrode and battery of the present invention, a battery having high energy density and excellent cycle characteristics can be configured.

Claims (11)

活物質と結着剤とを含む電極材料であって、前記結着剤が、水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子とゴム系ラテックスと水溶性高分子とを含むことを特徴とする電極材料。An electrode material comprising an active material and a binder, wherein the binder comprises a water-soluble aniline conductive polymer, a rubber latex, and a water-soluble polymer. 前記水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子が、ポリアニリンスルフォン酸であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電極材料。The electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble aniline-based conductive polymer is polyaniline sulfonic acid. 前記水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子が、前記電極材料に対して0.1〜10重量%の比率で含まれることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の電極材料。The electrode material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water-soluble aniline-based conductive polymer is contained at a ratio of 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to the electrode material. 前記ゴム系ラテックスが、前記電極材料に対して0.1〜10重量%の比率で含まれることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3の何れかに記載の電極材料。The electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rubber-based latex is contained at a ratio of 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to the electrode material. 前記水溶性高分子が、ポリビニルアルコールであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4の何れかに記載の電極材料。The electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble polymer is polyvinyl alcohol. 前記水溶性高分子が、前記電極材料に対して0.1〜10重量%の比率で含まれることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5の何れかに記載の電極材料。The electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water-soluble polymer is contained in a ratio of 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to the electrode material. 活物質と、水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子、ゴム系ラテックス及び水溶性高分子を含む結着剤と、水とを混練した後、乾燥させることを特徴とする電極材料の製造方法。A method for producing an electrode material, which comprises kneading an active material, a binder containing a water-soluble aniline-based conductive polymer, a rubber-based latex and a water-soluble polymer, and water, and then drying. 前記水溶性アニリン系導電性高分子が、ポリアニリンスルフォン酸であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の電極材料の製造方法。The method for producing an electrode material according to claim 7, wherein the water-soluble aniline-based conductive polymer is polyaniline sulfonic acid. 前記水溶性高分子が、ポリビニルアルコールであることを特徴とする請求項7又は請求項8に記載の電極材料の製造方法。The method for producing an electrode material according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the water-soluble polymer is polyvinyl alcohol. 請求項1から請求項6の何れかに記載の電極材料を備えたことを特徴とする電極。An electrode comprising the electrode material according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 請求項10に記載の電極を備えたことを特徴とする電池。A battery comprising the electrode according to claim 10.
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