JP4049975B2 - Extraction method of Monacolin K - Google Patents

Extraction method of Monacolin K Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4049975B2
JP4049975B2 JP2000212079A JP2000212079A JP4049975B2 JP 4049975 B2 JP4049975 B2 JP 4049975B2 JP 2000212079 A JP2000212079 A JP 2000212079A JP 2000212079 A JP2000212079 A JP 2000212079A JP 4049975 B2 JP4049975 B2 JP 4049975B2
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Prior art keywords
ethanol
monacolin
red yeast
extraction
yeast rice
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JP2000212079A
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JP2002027996A (en
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巧 廉屋
伸和 田邊
稔 西村
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Gunze Ltd
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Gunze Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、コレステロールの低下作用を有するモナコリンKを、これを含む紅麹から効率的に抽出する方法を提供するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
紅麹は穀類にモナスカス属の菌株を繁殖させて得た麹であり、中国、台湾などでは紅酒、老酒、紅腐乳などの醸造原料として利用されており、また、消化を助け、血行を良くする漢方生薬としても古くから用いられている。
かかる紅麹のある種の菌がコレステロール低下物質であるモナコリンKを生産することが知られ(特公昭59−25599号公報)、また、紅麹自体にもコレステロール低下作用があることが示されている(特公昭60−44914号公報)ことから、紅麹の上記した作用は主にモナコリンKによるものと考えられる。よって、モナコリンKを紅麹より抽出濃縮したエキスは、紅麹のコレステロール作用を濃縮したものとなり、紅麹以上の作用を有し、食品素材として用いる場合は少量の使用で効果が期待でき、紅麹以上に食品への使用範囲が広がる素材となり得る。
【0003】
モナコリンKはメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、アセトン、酢酸エチル、ベンゼンに可溶であり、水、ヘキサン、石油エーテルに不溶な物質であることは知られている。よって、紅麹からのモナコリンK抽出に用いる溶媒は、食品としての安全性も考慮した場合、エタノールが最も優れるといえる。
しかしながら、単にエタノールを用いても効率良くモナコリンKを得ることができなかった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明はかかる点、ある特定条件によって効率良くモナコリンKを抽出することが可能であることを見出し、その結果、高濃度のモナコリンKを含むエキスを得ることを可能としたものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
しかるに、本発明は抽出溶媒として、エタノール含量が40〜80%(v/v)の範囲内にある含水エタノールを用いることに特徴を有するモナコリンKの抽出方法の提供に関する。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で用いることができる紅麹は、モナコリンKを含む紅麹であれば如何なるものでも良く、従って、その製造に用いた紅麹菌、麹原料、製造方法(固体培養法、液体培養法)、製造後の処理(熱処理、乾燥、粉末化)等、種類、条件等を問わないが、特に好ましい紅麹を例示するなら、紅麹菌にモナスカス・ピローサス(Monascus pilosus)IFO4520、IFO4480、モナスカス・プビゲレス(Monascus pubigerus)IFO4521、モナスカス・パープレウス(Monascus purpureus)ATCC16385、あるいはモナスカス・エスピー(Monascus sp.)ATCC16370を用い、麹原料に米や胚芽を使用し、無菌的に7日以上静置培養した紅麹が挙げられる。しかしながら、これに限定されるものではない。
また、抽出に際し、他の抽出原料、例えば、モナコリンKは含まないが、モナスカス・アンカ(Monascus anka)を麹菌に用い、モナスカス色素を多く含有した紅麹とともに抽出を行ってもよい。
【0007】
モナコリンKの抽出に用いる溶媒はエタノール含量が40〜80%(v/v)の含水エタノールであり、水にエタノールを加えたり、エタノールに水を加えることにより調整を行なう。また、既に何かのために使用した含水アルコールを回収するなどの方法もある。
上記した濃度は、その範囲を下回っても、上回っても共に抽出効率が悪くなるため好ましくない。
モナコリンKを含む麹が40〜80%(v/v)の含水エタノールに接触している時間は、1分以上であれば良く、望ましくは15分以上である。
かかる点から、全抽出時間中必ずしも40%(v/v)から80%(v/v)のエタノール含量である必要はなく、例えば、エタノールで抽出した後、40%(v/v)から80%(v/v)の含水エタノールで再抽出しても、また、原料に水を添加後、撹拌しながらエタノールを少しずつ加えてエタノール含量を上げ、最終的には80%(v/v)以上としてもよい。
即ち、本発明は抽出操作中、何れかの過程において、40%〜80%(v/v)の含水エタノールで処理すれば、目的を達成することが可能である。
なお、液体培養物の場合においては、培養物に対し0.67倍から4倍量のエタノールを添加すればよい。即ち、液体培養の場合、基本的には培地全体が水であり、よって、水(培養物)1に対して0.67倍のエタノールを添加すると、液全体はエタノール含量40%(v/v)になり、同様に4倍量のエタノールを添加すると80%(v/v)になる。
【0008】
抽出時の温度は室温でよいが、40〜80゜Cに加熱することにより効率を上げることができる。即ち、抽出に用いる紅麹全体に、仮に100のMKがあった場合、室温でその回収率が70%であったとすれば、加熱により80%以上が可能となる。また、溶媒の量は特に制限はないが、紅麹が充分に抽出溶媒に浸かることが好ましい。よって、原料に対し5倍量以上の溶媒を加えることが好ましい。さらに、撹拌の有無、液循環の有無などは、管理面、生産性、コスト等を考慮し、適宜の方法を選択すればよい。
抽出後の液と残渣との分離方法、抽出液の濃縮方法、抽出液または濃縮液の粉末化方法も通常よく知られている如何なる方法も用いてもよい。
以下、具体的に本発明の実施例をあげて説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。
【0009】
【実施例1】
精白米を12時間水に浸漬した後、30分間水切りし、それに浸漬米に対し7%重量%の割合で米胚芽粉末を添加し、121゜C,1時間蒸煮滅菌し、蒸し米を得た。これにモナスカス・ピローサスIFO4520を無菌的に植菌し、水分率を35〜42%に維持しつつ、30゜Cで4日間、続いて25゜Cで3日間、計7日間静置培養した。こうして得られた紅麹を110゜C,20分間の熱処理により菌および酵素を失活させた後、60゜Cで送風乾燥し、粉砕機にて粉末化した。
この米紅麹粉末を用いてエタノール含量が異なる含水エタノール7種により抽出試験を実施した。
紅麹5gに対し含水エタノールを50ml添加し、室温にてマグネットスターラーで撹拌しながら30分間抽出した。抽出後、抽出液3mlをサンプリングし、遠心分離機にかけ、その上清をメンブランフィルターで濾過し、その濾液のモナコリンK含量を高速液体クロマトグラフィーにかけて計測した。その結果、50%または60%のエタノール含量でモナコリンK濃度が最も高く、その含量は79μg/mlであった。この濃度を100とし、その他の溶媒での濃度比を図1に示す。
かかる図より明らかなように、100%エタノールに比べ50%(v/v)および60%(v/v)のエタノール含量ではモナコリンKが2.6倍抽出されていた。
【0010】
【実施例2】
粒状焙煎米胚芽1kgに水を460ml添加し、121゜C,1時間蒸煮滅菌した。これにモナスカス・ピローサスIFO4520を無菌的に植菌し、34゜Cで4日間、続いて23.5゜Cで24日間、計28日間培養した。なお、培養3日目に86mlの補水を行った。培養後、紅麹を60゜Cで送風乾燥し、粒状の乾燥米胚芽紅麹を得た。この紅麹のモナコリンK含量を高速液体クロマトグラフを用いて測定した結果、912mg/100gであった。
この粒状紅麹を用いてエタノール含量が異なる含水エタノール8種を用い、抽出試験を実施した。
紅麹20gに対し含水エタノールを1リットル添加し、室温にてマグネットスターラーで撹拌しながら30分間抽出した。抽出液と残渣を吸引濾過により分離し、抽出液をエバポレーターにて濃縮し、さらに一晩吸引乾燥した。こうして得られたエキスのモナコリンK含量を測定し、得られたモナコリンKの収率を求めた。その結果を図2に示す。
かかる結果より、50%(v/v)エタノール含量での収率が83%で最も高く、これに対し、30%(v/v)エタノール含量では17%、100%エタノールでは僅かに6%であった。
【0011】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、紅麹より効率よくモナコリンKが得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例1におけるエタノール含量とモナコリンKの相対濃度の関係を示した図。
【図2】実施例2における各エタノール含量とモナコリンKの収率の関係を示した図。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method for efficiently extracting monacolin K having a cholesterol-lowering action from red yeast rice containing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Red rice cake is a rice cake obtained by breeding Monascus strains on cereals, and is used as a raw material for brewing red wine, old sake, and red curd milk in China, Taiwan, etc., and it helps digestion and improves blood circulation. It has long been used as a herbal medicine.
It is known that certain strains of red potato produce monacolin K, which is a cholesterol-lowering substance (Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-25599), and that red potato itself has a cholesterol-lowering action. (Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 60-44914), it is considered that the above-mentioned action of red yeast rice is mainly due to Monacolin K. Therefore, an extract obtained by extracting and concentrating Monacholine K from red yeast rice is a concentrate obtained by concentrating the cholesterol action of red yeast rice, and has an effect higher than that of red yeast rice. It can be a material with a wider range of use for food than candy.
[0003]
Monacholine K is known to be soluble in methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and benzene, and insoluble in water, hexane and petroleum ether. Therefore, it can be said that ethanol is the most excellent solvent used for the extraction of monacolin K from red yeast rice, considering food safety.
However, it was not possible to efficiently obtain monacolin K by simply using ethanol.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has found that it is possible to efficiently extract monacolin K under certain specific conditions, and as a result, it is possible to obtain an extract containing a high concentration of monacolin K.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
However, the present invention relates to the provision of a method for extracting Monacolin K, which is characterized by using water-containing ethanol having an ethanol content in the range of 40 to 80% (v / v) as the extraction solvent.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The red yeast rice which can be used in the present invention may be any red yeast rice containing monacolin K, and therefore, the red yeast koji used in the production thereof, the raw material of the silkworm, the manufacturing method (solid culture method, liquid culture method), Regardless of type, conditions, etc., such as post-manufacture treatment (heat treatment, drying, pulverization), etc. If a particularly preferred red potato is illustrated, Monascus pilosus IFO4520, IFO4480, Monascus puigeres ( Monascus pubigerus IFO4521, Monascus purpureus ATCC16385, or Monascus sp. Can be mentioned. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
In addition, other extraction raw materials, for example, monacolin K, may be used for extraction, but Monascus anka may be used as a koji mold and may be extracted together with red yeast rice containing a large amount of monascus pigment.
[0007]
The solvent used for the extraction of monacolin K is hydrous ethanol having an ethanol content of 40 to 80% (v / v), and adjustment is performed by adding ethanol to water or adding water to ethanol. There is also a method of recovering hydrous alcohol that has already been used for something.
The concentration described above is not preferable because the extraction efficiency deteriorates both below and above the range.
The time during which the soot containing monacolin K is in contact with 40 to 80% (v / v) water-containing ethanol may be 1 minute or longer, and preferably 15 minutes or longer.
From this point, it is not always necessary to have an ethanol content of 40% (v / v) to 80% (v / v) during the entire extraction time. For example, after extraction with ethanol, 40% (v / v) to 80% (v / v) % (V / v) with water-containing ethanol, or after adding water to the raw material, ethanol is gradually added with stirring to increase the ethanol content. Finally, 80% (v / v) It is good also as above.
That is, the present invention can achieve the object by treating with 40% to 80% (v / v) hydrous ethanol in any process during the extraction operation.
In the case of a liquid culture, 0.67 to 4 times the amount of ethanol may be added to the culture. That is, in the case of liquid culture, the whole medium is basically water. Therefore, when 0.67 times ethanol is added to water (culture) 1, the whole liquid has an ethanol content of 40% (v / v). Similarly, when 4 times the amount of ethanol is added, it becomes 80% (v / v).
[0008]
The temperature at the time of extraction may be room temperature, but the efficiency can be increased by heating to 40 to 80 ° C. That is, if there is 100 MK in the whole red yeast rice used for extraction, if the recovery rate is 70% at room temperature, it can be 80% or more by heating. The amount of the solvent is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the red yeast rice is sufficiently immersed in the extraction solvent. Therefore, it is preferable to add 5 times or more of the solvent to the raw material. Furthermore, the presence / absence of stirring, the presence / absence of liquid circulation, and the like may be selected appropriately in consideration of management, productivity, cost, and the like.
Any method that is usually well known may be used as a method for separating the liquid after the extraction from the residue, a method for concentrating the extract, and a method for pulverizing the extract or concentrate.
Examples of the present invention will be specifically described below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0009]
[Example 1]
Polished rice was soaked in water for 12 hours, then drained for 30 minutes, and rice germ powder was added to the soaked rice at a rate of 7% by weight and sterilized by steaming at 121 ° C for 1 hour to obtain steamed rice. . Monascus pilosus IFO4520 was inoculated aseptically and statically cultured for 7 days at 30 ° C. for 4 days and then at 25 ° C. for 3 days while maintaining the moisture content at 35 to 42%. The soy sauce obtained was inactivated by heat treatment at 110 ° C. for 20 minutes, blown and dried at 60 ° C., and pulverized with a pulverizer.
Using this rice red koji powder, an extraction test was conducted with seven kinds of hydrous ethanol having different ethanol contents.
50 ml of water-containing ethanol was added to 5 g of red yeast rice and extracted for 30 minutes while stirring with a magnetic stirrer at room temperature. After extraction, 3 ml of the extract was sampled, centrifuged, the supernatant was filtered through a membrane filter, and the monacolin K content of the filtrate was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. As a result, the monacolin K concentration was the highest at an ethanol content of 50% or 60%, and the content was 79 μg / ml. This concentration is taken as 100, and the concentration ratio in other solvents is shown in FIG.
As is clear from this figure, monacolin K was extracted 2.6 times with ethanol content of 50% (v / v) and 60% (v / v) compared to 100% ethanol.
[0010]
[Example 2]
460 ml of water was added to 1 kg of granular roasted rice germ and sterilized by steaming at 121 ° C. for 1 hour. This was inoculated aseptically with Monascus pilosus IFO4520 and cultured at 34 ° C for 4 days, then at 23.5 ° C for 24 days for a total of 28 days. On the third day of culture, 86 ml of water was replenished. After the cultivation, the red yeast rice was blown and dried at 60 ° C. to obtain granular dried rice germ red yeast rice. As a result of measuring the monacholine K content of this red yeast rice using a high performance liquid chromatograph, it was found to be 912 mg / 100 g.
An extraction test was carried out using 8 kinds of hydrous ethanol having different ethanol contents using the granular red yeast rice.
One liter of hydrous ethanol was added to 20 g of red yeast rice and extracted for 30 minutes while stirring with a magnetic stirrer at room temperature. The extract and the residue were separated by suction filtration, and the extract was concentrated with an evaporator and further dried by suction overnight. The extract thus obtained was measured for the monacolin K content, and the yield of the obtained monacolin K was determined. The result is shown in FIG.
From these results, the yield at 50% (v / v) ethanol content was the highest at 83%, compared to 17% at 30% (v / v) ethanol content and only 6% at 100% ethanol. there were.
[0011]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, monacolin K can be obtained more efficiently than red yeast rice.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a graph showing the relationship between the ethanol content and the relative concentration of monacolin K in Example 1. FIG.
2 is a graph showing the relationship between each ethanol content and the yield of monacolin K in Example 2. FIG.

Claims (1)

モナスカス属に属する菌株を培養して得た紅麹からモナコリンKを抽出する方法であって、抽出溶媒としてエタノール含量が40〜80%(v/v)の含水エタノールを用いて行なうことを特徴とするモナコリンKの抽出方法。A method for extracting Monacolin K from red yeast rice obtained by culturing a strain belonging to the genus Monascus, characterized in that it is carried out using hydrous ethanol having an ethanol content of 40 to 80% (v / v) as an extraction solvent. To extract Monacolin K.
JP2000212079A 2000-07-13 2000-07-13 Extraction method of Monacolin K Expired - Lifetime JP4049975B2 (en)

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US20100119600A1 (en) 2007-06-01 2010-05-13 Joar Opheim Substances for reducing occurrence of major cardiac events comprising red yeast rice extract and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid or derivative thereof
US20120172425A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2012-07-05 Opheim Joar A Red yeast rice extract high in monacolin k content
JP4974031B2 (en) * 2007-12-26 2012-07-11 サンウェイ バイオテック シーオー エルティディ Medicament for treating Alzheimer's disease and method for producing the same

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