JP4033417B2 - Bonding structure of dissimilar metal materials - Google Patents
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【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、異なる特性を有する異種金属材料の接合構造に関し、さらに詳しくは電力用遮断器に使用される通電接触子、あるいはアーク接触子のアルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金と、銅もしくは銅合金の摩擦圧接による接合構造に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、棒状または管状の異材継手の接合には、摩擦圧接や拡散接合などが行われる。摩擦圧接の例を、図１を用いて説明する。図１（１）に示すように、材料特性の異なる同径の金属材料１（アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金）および２（銅もしくは銅合金）を、圧接装置のチャックで掴み、一方を回転させて接合すべき部分を摩擦エネルギーで加熱し、軸方向の加圧力Ｐによりアプセット加圧して行う。接合後の軸方向断面は、図１（２）に示すように、同径の金属材料１と２が接合され、それぞれの材料強度に応じてバリ５の量と形状が異なった状況を呈する。
【０００３】
従来の継手の接合においては、接合部材の衝撃強度が小さいため、接合部の信頼性が低いことが問題である。この傾向は、摩擦圧接に限らず、冷間圧接、熱間圧接、拡散接合、爆発圧接、鍛接、超音波接合、ろう付け、はんだ付け、抵抗溶接、接着剤を用いる接合のいずれの方法の異種材料間の接合構造においても同様である。
【０００４】
そこで、従来、異種材料の摩擦圧接においては、熱膨張係数の大きな材料の直径を他の材料のそれよりも大きくして接合することにより、接合界面に発生する残留応力を緩和して接合強度を向上させている（特開平６−４７５７０号公報）。また、アルミニウム材と銅材の熱間圧接においては、アルミニウム材に開先角１５度〜４５度の凸状にした銅材を突き合わせて通電加熱により接合し、引張り強度を向上させている（特開平４−１４３０８５号公報）。また、セラミックスと金属との接合においては、熱応力緩和のためにセラミックス部材の接合界面の周縁部における一部と接合体表面とのなすセラミックス構成角度を８０度以下又は、１００度以上に設定する（特開平１−２８２１６６号公報）。さらに，熱膨張率の異なる部材同士の接合においては、熱応力緩和のために、熱膨張率の小さい部材の接合界面縁部を接合界面方向に見て所定値以上の半径を有する曲面状に形成している（特開平１−２８２１６７号公報）。
【０００５】
上述した従来の方法は、いずれも残留応力緩和、熱応力緩和、引張り強度向上を目的にした方法であって、接合部材の衝撃強度を高め、接合部の信頼性を高める方法ではない。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
以上述べたように、材料特性の異なる異種材料の接合においては、接合条件の最適化により、静的な継手強度については、問題は無い。すなわち、異種金属接合部材の引張り強度は、中心部と接合端部では変化がない。しかし、衝撃強度については、接合端部で著しく低下し、継手全体として低いことが明らかであり、接合部材の低い衝撃強度が問題であった。
【０００７】
そこで、本発明は、材料特性の異なる異種金属材料の接合において、接合部材の衝撃強度を高め、信頼性の高い接合構造を得ることを目的としている。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、下記の事項をその特徴としている。
（１）摩擦圧接により接合した棒状のアルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金と、棒状の銅もしくは銅合金の接合構造において、
アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金側の接合面であってこの接合面の外縁部を形成する面と、前記アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金側の自由縁と、がなす角度、および、
銅もしくは銅合金側の接合面であってこの接合面の外縁部を形成する面と、前記銅もしくは銅合金側の自由縁と、がなす角度、
が共に９０度未満となるように設定したことを特徴とする異種金属材料の接合構造。（２）摩擦圧接により接合したパイプ状のアルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金と、パイプ状の銅もしくは銅合金の接合構造において、
アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金側の接合面であってこの接合面の外縁部を形成する面と、前記アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金側のパイプ外側の自由縁と、がなす角度、
アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金側の接合面であってこの接合面の内縁部を形成する面と、前記アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金側のパイプ内側の自由縁と、がなす角度、
銅もしくは銅合金側の接合面であってこの接合面の外縁部を形成する面と、前記銅もしくは銅合金側のパイプ外側の自由縁と、がなす角度、
および
銅もしくは銅合金側の接合面であってこの接合面の内縁部を形成する面と、前記銅もしくは銅合金側のパイプ内側の自由縁と、がなす角度、
が共に９０度未満となるように設定したことを特徴とする異種金属材料の接合構造。
【００１１】
本発明を用いると、摩擦圧接により接合したアルミニウム材（アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金）と銅材（銅もしくは銅合金）から成る接合構造において、衝撃強度を高め、信頼性の高い接合構造を得ることができる。
【００１２】
このような傾向は、摩擦圧接のみならず、冷間圧接、熱間圧接、拡散接合、爆発圧接、超音波接合、ろう付け、はんだ付け、抵抗溶接、溶融金属注入、鋳継ぎ、接着剤を用いた接合のいずれの方法においても、従来の９０度の値よりも高い値を示し、これにより銅−アルミニウム部材の信頼性は大幅に向上した。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明を実施例および参考例によりさらに説明する。
参考例１
異種金属材料の摩擦圧接による接合の例として、銅材とアルミニウム材の接合について説明する。図２は棒状の異種金属材料の継手の接合構造、また図３はパイプ状の異種金属材料の継手の接合構造を示した図である。図２（１）および図３（１）は、それぞれ、棒状およびパイプ状の接合構造の従来例であって、アルミニウム材１と銅材２の接合面のなす角度が９０度である。
【００１４】
図２および図３に示すように、アルミニウム材１と銅材２の接合面端部で自由縁となす角度を変えた接合部材を作製し、両部材を摩擦圧接により接合して接合構造を作成する。すなわち、図２（２）および（４）、および図３（２）に示すように、アルミニウム材１と銅材２の接合面端部で自由縁Ｘとなす角度θ１を１２０度以上になるように設定する。また、図２（３）および（５）、および図３（３）に示すように、アルミニウム材１と銅材２の接合面端部で自由縁Ｘとなす角度θ２を５５度から８５度の範囲内になるように設定する。
【００１５】
また、銅材とアルミニウム材の接合面端部で自由縁となす角度を４０度から１４０度の範囲に変化させた接合部材を作製し、引張り試験と衝撃試験を行った。引張り試験の結果を、図４に、また衝撃試験の結果を、図５に示す。なお、引張り強度比および衝撃強度比は、いずれも９０度における強度を１とした場合の割合を示した。
【００１６】
図４から分るように、引張り強度は、接合面端部で自由縁となす角度に関係なく一定の値を示した。しかし、衝撃強度については、図５から分るように、銅材の接合面端部で自由縁となす角度が５０度から８５度の間、または１２０度以上のとき、従来の９０度の値よりも高い値を示している。
【００１７】
実施例１
図６は棒状の異種金属材料の継手の接合構造、また図７はパイプ状の異種金属材料の継手の接合構造を示した図である。図６（１）および図７（１）は接合構造の従来例であって、アルミニウム材１と銅材２の接合面のなす角度が９０度である。
【００１８】
参考例２
アルミニウム材（アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金）と銅材（銅または銅合金）を摩擦圧接により接合すると、摩擦熱で高温になり両元素が拡散して、Ａｌ２Ｃｕ、ＡｌＣｕ、ＡｌＣｕ２などの金属間化合物からなる反応層が形成される。このような反応層を有する接合構造について、反応層の厚さと、引張強度あるいは衝撃強度との関係を調べるため引張試験と衝撃試験を行った。
【００１９】
アルミニウム材と銅材の接合面端部で自由縁となす角度４０度から１４０度の範囲に変化させた接合材を作製し、これを供試材として引張試験と衝撃試験を行った。引張試験の結果を図８および図９に、また衝撃試験の結果を図１０および図１１に示す。なお、引張強度比および衝撃強度比は、いずれも９０度における強度を１としたときの割合を示した。
【００２０】
図８および図９から分るように、引張強度については、両材料の接合面端部で自由縁となす角度に関係なく一定の値を示した。しかし、衝撃強度については、図１０および図１１から分るように、アルミニウム材と銅材の接合面端部で自由縁となす角度がともに９０度未満、またはどちらか一方が９０度の場合は、残りの材料の接合面端部が自由縁となす角度が９０度未満であると、従来例よりも高い値を示している。
【００２１】
実施例３
アルミニウム材（アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金）と銅材（銅または銅合金）を摩擦圧接により接合すると、摩擦熱で高温になり両元素が拡散して、Ａｌ２Ｃｕ、ＡｌＣｕ、ＡｌＣｕ２などの金属間化合物からなる反応層が形成される。このような反応層を有する接合構造について、反応層の厚さと、引張強度あるいは衝撃強度との関係を調べるため引張試験と衝撃試験を行った。
【００２２】
図１２に引張試験の結果を示す。引張強度比はアルミニウムの合金の引張強度を１００としたときの割合で示した。
また、図１３に衝撃試験の結果を示す。衝撃強度比は反応層の厚さが１５μｍの衝撃強度を１としたときの割合で示した。
【００２３】
図１２および図１３から分るように、反応層の厚さが２０μｍ以下では、引張強度も衝撃強度も高い値を示している。しかし、反応層の厚さが２０μｍ以上になると引張強度は変化しないが、衝撃強度は低下の傾向を示す。
【００２４】
参考例３
異種金属材料の接合構造を電力用遮断器の通電接触子材料とに使用した例について述べる。通電接触子は閉時の場合、固定側と可動側は接触しているが、開時の場合、可動側の通電接触子が操作機構部に連結して固定側から離れる。一般的に可動側の通電接触子は、軽量で導電率の高いアルミニウム材から構成されており、可動側と固定側の接触子が離れるときに生じる微小のアークによって接点部付近が溶損する。この溶損部分は開閉操作回数の増加とともに大きくなり、開時のときの電流手段特性が低下する。通電接触子の形状が小さくなると、さらにこの傾向は大きくなる。
【００２５】
可動側の通電接触子の接点部分をアルミニウム材よりも融点および導電率が高い銅材、それ以外の部分をアルミニウム材とし、接合界面を異種金属材料の接合構造とした。すなわち、図１４に示すように、銅材とアルミニウム材を摩擦圧接して接合界面を、銅材において接合面端部で自由縁Ｘとなす角度θ２が５０度から８５度の間、または１２０度以上に設定する。または、図１５および図１６に示すように、銅材とアルミニウム材を摩擦圧接して接合界面を、接合面端部で自由縁Ｘとなす角度θ４を銅材とアルミニウム材共に９０度未満、または、どちらか一方が９０度の場合は、残りの材料の接合面端部で自由縁となす角度θ４が９０度未満となるように設定する。
【００２６】
従来の銅材とアルミニウム材の摩擦圧接部材は、衝撃強度が低く、接合構造の信頼性が低かったため、高導電率の銅−アルミニウム通電接触子は適用できなかった。しかし、本発明の接合構造とすることで、アルミニウム材の通電接触子に変えて使用できるようになった。可動側の通電接触子の接点部分を銅材に置き換えそれ以外の部分を従来の軽量のアルミニウム材とすることで導電性が高く、溶損が小さく、軽量で、また形状が従来径の半分に小さくなっても良好に大電流の開閉が行える通電接触子とできた。この効果は、接触子接点部が銅、銅合金で、接点部以外が、アルミニウム材またはアルミニウム合金から構成された場合、同様の傾向を示す。
【００２７】
また接合面が、接点部に近いと開閉時におけるアークの熱により、接合面がダメージを受け、衝撃強度の低下となるため、接合面は接点部から離すことが望ましい。また、接合部での電気抵抗が高いと通電時に接合部が加熱し、拡散接合層が成長して強度が低下するため、接合部の電気抵抗は、母材の電気抵抗と同等である事が望ましい。
【００２８】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、摩擦圧接により接合したアルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金と、銅もしくは銅合金の接合構造において、銅もしくは銅合金の接合面端部で自由縁となす角度を接合部での応力集中を小さくするように設定することで、衝撃強度が高く、信頼性の高い異種材料間の接合構造が達成できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 従来の摩擦圧接による異種金属材料の接合の説明図である。
【図２】 棒状の異種金属材料の継手の接合構造の参考例を示す図である。
【図３】 パイプ状の異種金属材料の継手の接合構造の参考例を示す図である。
【図４】 異種金属材料の接合構造における接合面端部で自由縁となす角度と引張強度との関係を示すグラフである。
【図５】 異種金属材料の接合構造における接合面端部で自由縁となす角度と衝撃強度との関係を示すグラフである。
【図６】 棒状の異種金属材料の継手の接合構造の実施例を示す図である。
【図７】 パイプ状の異種金属材料の継手の接合構造の他の実施例を示す図である。
【図８】 図６、図７に係る異種金属材料の接合構造における接合面端部で自由縁となす角度と、引張強度との関係を示すグラフである。
【図９】 図６、図７に係る異種金属材料の接合構造における接合面端部で自由縁となす角度の一方が９０度で、残りの材料の接合面端部で自由縁となす角度と、引張強度との関係を示すグラフである。
【図１０】 図６、図７に係る異種金属材料の接合構造における接合面端部で自由縁となす角度と、衝撃強度との関係を示すグラフである。
【図１１】 図６、図７に係る異種金属材料の接合構造における接合面端部で自由縁となす角度の一方が９０度で、残りの材料の接合面端部で自由縁となす角度と、衝撃強度との関係を示すグラフである。
【図１２】 異種金属材料の接合面における金属間化合物の反応層の厚さと、引張強度との関係を示すグラフである。
【図１３】 異種金属材料の接合面における金属間化合物の反応層の厚さと、衝撃強度との関係を示すグラフである。
【図１４】 本発明の異種金属材料の接合構造（接合面端部で自由縁となす角度が５５度から８５度）を採用した電力用遮断器の通電接触子の概略構造を示す図である。
【図１５】 本発明の異種金属材料の接合構造（接合面端部で自由縁となす角度の一方が９０度で、残りの材料の接合面端部で自由縁となす角度が９０度未満）を採用した電力用遮断器の通電接触子の概略構造を示す図である。
【図１６】 本発明の異種金属材料の接合構造の参考例を採用した電力用遮断器の通電接触子の概略構造を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
１ アルミニウム材（アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金）
２ 銅材（銅または銅合金）
３ 摩擦圧接装置のチャックの固定軸
４ 回転軸
５ バリ
Ｐ 加圧力
Ｘ 自由縁
θ１ 接合面端部で自由縁となす角度が１２０度以上
θ２ 接合面端部で自由縁となす角度が５５度から８５度
θ３ 接合面端部で自由縁となす角度が９０度未満
θ４ 接合面端部で自由縁となす角度の一方が９０度で、他の金属材料の自由縁となす角度が９０度未満[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a joining structure of dissimilar metal materials having different characteristics. More specifically, the present invention is based on friction contact between aluminum or aluminum alloy as an electric contactor or arc contactor used in a power circuit breaker and copper or copper alloy. It relates to the joint structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, friction welding, diffusion bonding, or the like is performed for joining rod-like or tubular dissimilar joints. An example of friction welding will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 1 (1), metal materials 1 (aluminum or aluminum alloy) and 2 (copper or copper alloy) having the same diameter and different material characteristics are gripped by a chuck of a pressure welding apparatus, and one of them is rotated and joined. The power portion is heated with friction energy, and upset pressurization is performed with an axial pressure P. As shown in FIG. 1 (2), the cross-section in the axial direction after joining presents a situation in which the
[0003]
In joining conventional joints, since the impact strength of the joining member is small, the reliability of the joint is low. This tendency is not limited to friction welding, but different from cold welding, hot welding, diffusion bonding, explosion welding, forging welding, ultrasonic welding, brazing, soldering, resistance welding, and bonding using adhesives. The same applies to the joint structure between materials.
[0004]
Therefore, conventionally, in friction welding of dissimilar materials, by joining with a material having a large thermal expansion coefficient larger than that of other materials, the residual stress generated at the joint interface is alleviated and the joint strength is increased. (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-47570). Also, in hot welding of aluminum material and copper material, a copper material made into a convex shape with a groove angle of 15 to 45 degrees is abutted against the aluminum material and joined by current heating to improve the tensile strength (special (Kaihei 1438305). Further, in the bonding of ceramics and metal, in order to reduce thermal stress, the ceramic constituting angle formed by a part of the peripheral portion of the bonding interface of the ceramic member and the surface of the bonded body is set to 80 degrees or less or 100 degrees or more. (JP-A-1-282166). Furthermore, when joining members with different coefficients of thermal expansion, in order to mitigate thermal stress, the joint interface edge of a member with a low coefficient of thermal expansion is formed in a curved shape having a radius greater than a predetermined value when viewed in the direction of the bond interface. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-282167).
[0005]
The conventional methods described above are methods aimed at alleviating residual stress, thermal stress, and tensile strength, and are not methods that increase the impact strength of the joining member and increase the reliability of the joint.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in joining different kinds of materials having different material characteristics, there is no problem with respect to static joint strength due to optimization of joining conditions. That is, the tensile strength of the dissimilar metal joining member does not change between the center portion and the joining end portion. However, the impact strength is remarkably lowered at the joint end, and it is clear that the joint as a whole is low, and the low impact strength of the joining member has been a problem.
[0007]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to increase the impact strength of a joining member and obtain a highly reliable joining structure when joining dissimilar metal materials having different material characteristics.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has the following features.
(1) In a joining structure of rod-shaped aluminum or aluminum alloy joined by friction welding and rod-like copper or copper alloy,
An angle formed by a joining surface on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side and forming the outer edge of the joining surface, and a free edge on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side, and
An angle formed by a bonding surface on the copper or copper alloy side and forming the outer edge of the bonding surface, and the free edge on the copper or copper alloy side,
Both are set so that it may become less than 90 degree | times, The joining structure of the dissimilar metal material characterized by the above-mentioned. (2) In the joint structure of pipe-like aluminum or aluminum alloy joined by friction welding and pipe-like copper or copper alloy,
An angle formed by a joint surface on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side and a surface forming the outer edge of the joint surface, and a free edge on the outer side of the pipe on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side,
An angle formed by a joint surface on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side and a surface forming the inner edge of the joint surface, and a free edge inside the pipe on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side,
An angle formed between a copper or copper alloy side joining surface and a surface forming the outer edge of the joining surface, and a free edge outside the pipe on the copper or copper alloy side,
and
An angle formed by a surface that forms the inner edge of the joint surface on the copper or copper alloy side and a free edge inside the pipe on the copper or copper alloy side,
Both are set so that it may become less than 90 degree | times, The joining structure of the dissimilar metal material characterized by the above-mentioned.
[0011]
According to the present invention, in a joint structure composed of an aluminum material (aluminum or aluminum alloy) and a copper material (copper or copper alloy) joined by friction welding, impact strength can be increased and a highly reliable joint structure can be obtained. .
[0012]
Such a tendency is not limited to friction welding, cold welding, hot welding, diffusion welding, explosive welding, ultrasonic welding, brazing, soldering, resistance welding, molten metal injection, casting, and adhesives are used. In any of the joining methods, a value higher than the conventional 90 ° value was exhibited, thereby greatly improving the reliability of the copper-aluminum member.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to Examples and Reference Examples .
Reference example 1
As an example of joining by friction welding of dissimilar metal materials, joining of a copper material and an aluminum material will be described. FIG. 2 is a view showing a joint structure of joints made of rod-like dissimilar metal materials, and FIG. 3 is a view showing a joint structure of joints made of pipe-like dissimilar metal materials. FIGS. 2 (1) and 3 (1) are conventional examples of rod-like and pipe-like joining structures, respectively, and the angle formed by the joining surfaces of the
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, a joining member is produced by changing the angle formed by the free edge at the joining surface end of the
[0015]
Moreover, the joining member which produced the angle which makes a free edge in the joint surface edge part of a copper material and an aluminum material from 40 degree to 140 degree range was produced, and the tension test and the impact test were done. The result of the tensile test is shown in FIG. 4, and the result of the impact test is shown in FIG. Note that the tensile strength ratio and the impact strength ratio are ratios when the strength at 90 degrees is 1.
[0016]
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the tensile strength showed a constant value irrespective of the angle between the free edge at the joint surface end. However, as can be seen from FIG. 5, the impact strength is 90 degrees when the angle formed with the free edge at the end of the copper joint surface is between 50 degrees and 85 degrees, or 120 degrees or more. Higher value.
[0017]
Example 1
FIG. 6 is a view showing a joint structure of a joint of rod-like dissimilar metal materials, and FIG. 7 is a view showing a joint structure of a joint of pipe-like dissimilar metal materials. FIGS. 6 (1) and 7 (1) are conventional examples of the joining structure, and the angle formed by the joining surfaces of the
[0018]
Reference example 2
When an aluminum material (aluminum or aluminum alloy) and a copper material (copper or copper alloy) are joined by friction welding, both elements are diffused by frictional heat and the reaction is made of an intermetallic compound such as Al2Cu, AlCu, AlCu2. A layer is formed. For the bonded structure having such a reaction layer, a tensile test and an impact test were conducted in order to investigate the relationship between the thickness of the reaction layer and the tensile strength or impact strength.
[0019]
To produce aluminum material and copper material bonding material was varied in a range from an
[0020]
As can be seen from FIGS. 8 and 9, the tensile strength showed a constant value regardless of the angle formed with the free edge at the end of the joint surface of both materials. However, for the impact strength, 10 and as can be seen from FIG. 11, when the aluminum material and copper material free edge and such an angle formed are both less than 90 degrees at the joining surfaces the end of, or either of 90 degrees Shows a higher value than the conventional example when the angle formed by the edge of the joining surface of the remaining material with the free edge is less than 90 degrees.
[0021]
Example 3
When an aluminum material (aluminum or aluminum alloy) and a copper material (copper or copper alloy) are joined by friction welding, the frictional heat causes a high temperature and both elements diffuse, intermetallic compounds such as Al 2 Cu, AlCu, AlCu 2 A reaction layer is formed. For the bonded structure having such a reaction layer, a tensile test and an impact test were conducted in order to investigate the relationship between the thickness of the reaction layer and the tensile strength or impact strength.
[0022]
FIG. 12 shows the result of the tensile test. The tensile strength ratio is shown as a ratio when the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy is 100.
FIG. 13 shows the result of the impact test. The impact strength ratio is shown as a ratio when the impact strength when the thickness of the reaction layer is 15 μm is 1.
[0023]
As can be seen from FIGS. 12 and 13, when the thickness of the reaction layer is 20 μm or less, both the tensile strength and the impact strength are high. However, when the thickness of the reaction layer is 20 μm or more, the tensile strength does not change, but the impact strength tends to decrease.
[0024]
Reference example 3
An example in which a joining structure of dissimilar metal materials is used as a current-carrying contact material for a power circuit breaker will be described. When the energizing contact is closed, the fixed side and the movable side are in contact with each other. However, when the energizing contact is open, the movable energizing contact is connected to the operation mechanism unit and moves away from the fixed side. Generally, the movable-side energizing contact is made of an aluminum material that is lightweight and has high conductivity, and the vicinity of the contact portion is melted by a minute arc generated when the movable-side and fixed-side contacts are separated. The melted portion becomes larger as the number of opening / closing operations increases, and the current means characteristics at the time of opening deteriorate. This tendency is further increased when the shape of the energizing contact is reduced.
[0025]
The contact portion of the movable-side energizing contact was made of a copper material having a melting point and conductivity higher than that of an aluminum material, the other portion was made of an aluminum material, and the joining interface was a joining structure of dissimilar metal materials. That is, as shown in FIG. 14, the angle θ 2 between the copper material and the aluminum material by friction welding to form a joining interface between the copper material and the free edge X at the joining surface end is between 50 degrees and 85 degrees, or 120 Set at more than degree. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, an angle θ 4 between the copper material and the aluminum material is friction-welded to form a joining interface and a free edge X at the end of the joining surface is less than 90 degrees for both the copper material and the aluminum material. or, one or the other in the case of 90 degrees, the angle theta 4 formed by the free edge at the joint surface end of the remaining material is set to be less than 90 degrees.
[0026]
Conventional friction-welded members made of copper and aluminum have low impact strength and the reliability of the joint structure, so that a high-conductivity copper-aluminum conducting contact cannot be applied. However, by using the joining structure of the present invention, it can be used instead of an aluminum-made conductive contact. Replacing the contact part of the current-carrying contact on the movable side with copper material, and replacing the other parts with conventional lightweight aluminum material, it has high conductivity, low erosion, light weight, and the shape is half the conventional diameter. Even if it became smaller, it was possible to make a current-carrying contactor that could switch large currents well. This effect shows the same tendency when the contact portion of the contact is made of copper or a copper alloy and the portion other than the contact portion is made of an aluminum material or an aluminum alloy.
[0027]
Further, if the joint surface is close to the contact portion, the joint surface is damaged by the heat of the arc at the time of opening and closing and the impact strength is lowered. Therefore, it is desirable to separate the joint surface from the contact portion. Also, if the electrical resistance at the joint is high, the joint will be heated when energized, and the diffusion junction layer will grow and the strength will decrease, so the electrical resistance at the joint may be equivalent to the electrical resistance of the base material. desirable.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in the joint structure of aluminum or aluminum alloy joined by friction welding and copper or copper alloy, the angle formed by the free edge at the joint surface end of copper or copper alloy is reduced to reduce the stress concentration at the joint. By setting so, it is possible to achieve a joint structure between different materials with high impact strength and high reliability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of joining of different kinds of metal materials by conventional friction welding.
FIG. 2 is a view showing a reference example of a joint structure of a joint of rod-shaped dissimilar metal materials.
FIG. 3 is a view showing a reference example of a joint structure of a joint of pipe-like dissimilar metal materials.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between an angle formed by a free edge at a joining surface end portion and a tensile strength in a joining structure of dissimilar metal materials.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between an impact strength and an angle formed by a free edge at a joint surface end portion in a joint structure of dissimilar metal materials.
FIG. 6 is a view showing an embodiment of a joint structure for joints of rod-shaped dissimilar metal materials.
FIG. 7 is a view showing another embodiment of a joint structure for joints of pipe-like dissimilar metal materials.
8 is a graph showing a relationship between an angle formed by a free edge at a joint surface end portion and a tensile strength in the joint structure of different metal materials according to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG.
9 is a diagram showing an example in which one of the angles formed with the free edge at the end portion of the joint surface in the joint structure of dissimilar metal materials according to FIGS. It is a graph which shows the relationship with tensile strength.
10 is a graph showing the relationship between the impact strength and the angle formed by the free edge at the joint surface end in the joint structure of dissimilar metal materials according to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG.
11 is a diagram illustrating an example in which one of the angles formed with the free edge at the end of the joint surface in the joint structure of dissimilar metal materials according to FIGS. 6 and 7 is 90 degrees and the angle formed with the free edge at the end of the remaining joint surface of the material It is a graph which shows the relationship with impact strength.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the reaction layer of the intermetallic compound at the joint surface of different metal materials and the tensile strength.
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the reaction layer of the intermetallic compound at the joint surface of different metal materials and the impact strength.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of a current-carrying contactor for a power circuit breaker adopting a joining structure of dissimilar metal materials according to the present invention (an angle between a free edge at an end of a joining surface is 55 to 85 degrees). .
FIG. 15 shows a joining structure of dissimilar metal materials according to the present invention (one of the angles forming the free edge at the end of the joining surface is 90 degrees, and the angle forming the free edge at the joining edge of the remaining material is less than 90 degrees). It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the electricity supply contactor of the circuit breaker for electric power which employ | adopted.
FIG. 16 is a view showing a schematic structure of a current-carrying contactor of a power circuit breaker adopting a reference example of a joining structure of dissimilar metal materials according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Aluminum material (aluminum or aluminum alloy)
2 Copper material (copper or copper alloy)
3
Claims (2)
アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金側の接合面であってこの接合面の外縁部を形成する面と、前記アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金側の自由縁と、がなす角度、An angle formed by a surface which is a joining surface on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side and which forms the outer edge of the joining surface, and a free edge on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side,
および、and,
銅もしくは銅合金側の接合面であってこの接合面の外縁部を形成する面と、前記銅もしくは銅合金側の自由縁と、がなす角度、An angle formed by a bonding surface on the copper or copper alloy side and forming the outer edge of the bonding surface, and the free edge on the copper or copper alloy side,
が共に９０度未満となるように設定したことを特徴とする異種金属材料の接合構造。Both are set so that it may become less than 90 degree | times, The joining structure of the dissimilar metal material characterized by the above-mentioned.
アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金側の接合面であってこの接合面の外縁部を形成する面と、前記アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金側のパイプ外側の自由縁と、がなす角度、An angle formed by a joint surface on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side and a surface forming the outer edge of the joint surface, and a free edge on the outer side of the pipe on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side,
アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金側の接合面であってこの接合面の内縁部を形成する面と、前記アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金側のパイプ内側の自由縁と、がなす角度、An angle formed by a joint surface on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side and a surface forming the inner edge of the joint surface, and a free edge inside the pipe on the aluminum or aluminum alloy side,
銅もしくは銅合金側の接合面であってこの接合面の外縁部を形成する面と、前記銅もしくは銅合金側のパイプ外側の自由縁と、がなす角度、An angle formed between a copper or copper alloy side joining surface and a surface forming the outer edge of the joining surface, and a free edge outside the pipe on the copper or copper alloy side,
およびand
銅もしくは銅合金側の接合面であってこの接合面の内縁部を形成する面と、前記銅もしくは銅合金側のパイプ内側の自由縁と、がなす角度、An angle formed by a surface that forms the inner edge of the joint surface on the copper or copper alloy side and a free edge inside the pipe on the copper or copper alloy side,
が共に９０度未満となるように設定したことを特徴とする異種金属材料の接合構造。Both are set so that it may become less than 90 degree | times, The joining structure of the dissimilar metal material characterized by the above-mentioned.
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11084798A JP4033417B2 (en) | 1998-04-21 | 1998-04-21 | Bonding structure of dissimilar metal materials |
| US09/193,845 US6492037B2 (en) | 1997-07-11 | 1998-11-18 | Joined structure of dissimilar metallic materials |
| KR1019980049402A KR100315590B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-18 | Joint structure of dissimilar metal materials |
| CA002432944A CA2432944C (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-18 | Joined structure of dissimilar metallic materials |
| CA002254349A CA2254349C (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-18 | Joined structure of dissimilar metallic materials |
| EP08010598A EP1962353A3 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-19 | Joined structure of dissimilar metallic materials |
| CNB981249485A CN1187160C (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-19 | Binding structure for different kinds of metal |
| EP98121581A EP0923145A3 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-19 | Joined structure of dissimilar metallic materials |
| US10/270,156 US6692841B2 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 2002-10-15 | Joined structure of dissimilar metallic materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11084798A JP4033417B2 (en) | 1998-04-21 | 1998-04-21 | Bonding structure of dissimilar metal materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11300483A JPH11300483A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
| JP4033417B2 true JP4033417B2 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
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| JP11084798A Expired - Fee Related JP4033417B2 (en) | 1997-07-11 | 1998-04-21 | Bonding structure of dissimilar metal materials |
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| DE102010049872A1 (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2012-05-03 | Otto Bock Healthcare Gmbh | friction weld |
| JP6120476B2 (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2017-04-26 | 旭化成株式会社 | Welding joint material |
| CN108025389B (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2020-06-23 | 株式会社小松制作所 | Machine component and method for manufacturing same |
| KR102055908B1 (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2019-12-13 | 동해금속(주) | Manufacturing method of package tray module |
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