JP4024040B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a machine tool that processes a workpiece by relatively moving the workpiece and a tool in three axial directions of X, Y, and Z axes.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a machine tool, how to efficiently discharge a large amount of chips generated when machining a workpiece to the outside of the apparatus is one important theme, and various research and development have been conducted . For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-28835 and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-93437 propose a structure in which troughs are provided on both sides of the table and chips are individually removed by the troughs on each side. That is, in FIG. 4 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-28835, in the vertical machining center, a table that moves in the X and Y axis directions is provided, troughs are provided on both sides of the table to receive chips, A configuration is disclosed in which chips are discharged out of the machine by the chip discharging means. FIG. 3 of Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 58-93437 shows that a horizontal machining center is provided with tables that move in the Z-axis direction, troughs are provided on both sides of the table to receive chips, and fluid in each trough The structure by which chips are carried out by the used chip discharge means is disclosed.
[0003]
In addition, the prior art that the applicant of the present application has newly known after the filing of the present application, namely, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-91457, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-283041, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-103754, No. 124043 (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 64-30141), U.S. Pat.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-91457 discloses the overall configuration of a machine in which a spindle on which a tool is mounted moves in the X and Y axis directions and a table on which a workpiece is placed moves in the Z axis direction. And in the processing of chips, the chips are dropped by a cover inclined on one side or both sides of the table. Japanese Patent Application No. 4-283401 discloses a machine in which the column moves in the Z-axis direction and the spindle head moves in the Y-axis direction. And although it is not disclosed especially about the process of a chip, the groove | channel for receiving a chip is formed in the center part of a bed, and both right and left sides.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-103754 discloses a machine in which a concave opening for dropping chips is provided in the center of a bed and the dropped chips are discharged by a chip conveyor. However, since the opening for dropping chips is not provided over the entire movement stroke of the table, chips may accumulate on the bed. Japanese Patent Application No. 62-124043 (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 64-30141) discloses a machine in which the saddle moves in the Z-axis direction and the table moves in the X-axis direction. For chip disposal, a trough for a screw conveyor is attached with a heat insulating material or a space between the trough. However, since the trough is not provided over the entire Z-axis travel stroke, the chip treatment is incomplete. U.S. Pat. No. 5,181,898 discloses a configuration in which a machine provided with a splash guard is provided with an inclined part for dropping chips toward the chip receiving part at the lower part of the splash guard. However, a trough made of a thin plate member that receives chips is not provided.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-described prior art structure, the troughs are distributed at two locations on both sides of the table, so that each trough requires a chip discharging means, which complicates the structure. In addition, the width of each trough is as small as the size allocated to the trough, and when trying to make the entire machine compact, the width of each trough is narrowed. It is easy to accumulate . Even if the trough is provided in the center portion, the opening for dropping chips or the trough for receiving the chips is not provided over the entire range of movement in the front-rear direction of the table. There was a problem of accumulation.
Therefore, in the present invention, without being accompanied by such a disadvantage, and to provide a compact machine tool with excellent collection and discharge performance of the switching chips.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, the workpiece and the tool X, Y, a machine tool for machining the workpiece are relatively moved in three axes of Z-axis, the tool is mounted In a machine tool in which a spindle head having a main shaft is moved in the left-right direction and the vertical direction, and a table on which the work is placed is moved in the front-rear direction, a bed serving as a base of the machine, and a central portion of the bed wherein provided over the entire movement range of the front-rear direction of the table moves along the guidance and one recessed groove to pay trough for receiving the chip, at the rear on the bed provided extending in the lateral direction A column, a spindle for mounting the tool, and a spindle head that moves along a guide provided to extend in the vertical direction at the front of the column; and is provided across the recessed groove portion of the bed, Front and back at the front on the bed A table which moves along a guide provided in extension in direction, is mounted over the entire moving range of the longitudinal direction of the table in the groove portion of the bed, with concave sheet member for receiving the dropped chips A trough, a telescopic cover provided at the front and rear of the table to cover the guide of movement of the table in the front-rear direction, and guiding the dropped chips to the trough, and the dropped chips provided in the trough And a chip conveyor that discharges to the outside . A machine tool is provided in which chips fall within the trough provided in the center of the bed over the entire range of movement of the table in the front-rear direction .
[0007]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided a machine tool for machining a workpiece by relatively moving the workpiece and a tool in the three axial directions of the X, Y, and Z axes. A spindle head having a spindle on which the tool is mounted moves up and down in the vertical direction at the front part of the column, and a table on which the work is placed is a front part on the bed. In the machine tool that moves in the front-rear direction, the bed is provided with a groove formed in the central portion for receiving troughs for receiving chips over the entire range of movement of the table in the front-rear direction, and straddling the groove of the bed. , a table which moves along a guide which is provided extending in the longitudinal direction at the front on the bed, attached over the entire moving range of the longitudinal direction of the table in the groove portion of the bed, fallen off A trough made in concave sheet member for receiving, provided to cover the guide in the longitudinal direction of movement of the table front and the rear of the table, drop the chips over the entire movement range of the front-rear direction of the table A telescopic cover that guides the falling chips to the trough, a splash guard that surrounds a machining area and has a slope that is inclined in a valley shape from the left and right to guide the chips to the trough, and a rear wall of the splash guard. A flat cover provided to cover the guide of movement of the column and the spindle head, having an opening for forming and projecting the spindle to the processing region, and moving along with the column and the spindle head; provided in the trough, anda chip conveyor for discharging the dropped chips to the outside of the apparatus, the trough provided in the center of the bed Serial machine tool chips over the entire movement range of the front-rear direction of the table was made to fall is provided.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following describes implementation of the invention. Figure 1 is a sectional side view showing the overall structure of the implementation of the invention the machine tool (sectional view taken along line I-I in FIG. 2), the machine 1 includes a workpiece and the tool X, Y, Z This is a horizontal machining center in which a desired machining is performed on a workpiece by relative movement in the axial direction . Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of Figure 1, Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III. FIG. 4 is a side view of a vertical machining center according to another embodiment.
[0009]
In FIG. 1, the bed 3 as a base is formed in an L shape by raising the rear side one step, and is provided with a plurality of ribs on the inside in order to increase rigidity and maintain accuracy while achieving weight reduction. The box-shaped meat removal structure is adopted . The rear plane of the base head 3 is provided with a guide rail extending in the X-axis direction, assembled movably column 5 via the rails to the bed 3 in the X-axis direction, the front vertical plane of the column 5 Is provided with guide rails 7 and 7 extending in the Y-axis direction, and the spindle head 9 is assembled to the column 5 through the rails so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction. A main shaft 11 rotating around a parallel axis is assembled.
[0010]
The front part of the bed 3 (the left part of the bed in FIG. 1) is widely formed in a horizontal plane, and when viewed from the front side of the machine (see FIGS. 2 and 3), along each side of the plane, the Z axis Guide rails 13 and 13 extending in the direction are provided, and the table 21 is assembled so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction across the guide rails. A pallet 19 is fixed to the table 21 through a pallet positioning device 23 so as to be detachable.
[0011]
As described above, since the pallet positioning device 23 is installed between the table 21 and the pallet 19, a pallet changer (not shown) is automatically used while holding the work 15 and the scale 17. The pallet 19 can be detachably fixed to a predetermined position of the table 15. That is, the workpiece 15 before processing and the workpiece 15 after processing can be automatically exchanged from the table 21 while being attached to the pallet 19 . Of course the Lee scale 17 and the work 15 can be separately detachable.
[0012]
A pair of brackets 25 and 27 are provided side by side in the Z-axis direction at the upper center of the front portion of the bed 3, and both ends of a ball screw 29 that extends between the brackets and extends in the Z-axis direction, It is pivotally supported via support bearings 31, 31 fitted to the bracket. Among the brackets, a Z-axis feed motor 33 is attached to the front side of the motor bracket 25 disposed on the front side of the bed 3, thereby driving the ball screw 29.
[0013]
On the other hand, a nut bracket extended in a region intersecting with the ball screw 29 is provided at the lower center of the table 21, and a feed screw nut 37 that is screwed into the ball screw 29 is fitted into the nut bracket. The feeding means is configured . By driving and controlling the Z- axis feed motor 33, the Z-axis direction feed of the table 21 on the bed 3, and therefore the position of the workpiece 15 relative to the tool and the spindle 11 in the Z-axis direction can be controlled.
[0014]
Referring to FIG. 2, a mountain-shaped telescopic cover 35 that covers the ball screw 29 from the upper side and the side surface and that opens to the lower side is a cutting screw or the like that is exposed when the table 21 moves in the Z-axis direction. This is a movable cover that protects against damage and expands and contracts in the Z-axis direction without gaps . When looking at the front side of the front Symbol bed 3 from the front, between the pair of Z-axis guide rails 13 and 13, i.e., the recess formed in the front upper central portion of the bed 3, for installing the chip discharge means A trough 39 having a necessary width and depth is mounted via a mounting seat 41 . However, extended tip of the trough 39 is stopped in front of the rear-side step portion of the bed 3 (see FIG. 1).
[0015]
The chip discharging means is housed in the bottom surface of the trough 39. Referring to FIG. 1, sprockets are respectively attached to the front and rear ends of the trough 39, and an endless chain 43 is stretched between them. A plurality of scrapers 45 are attached at substantially equal intervals in parallel to the X-axis direction to form a chip conveyor 47. The scraper 45 is shaped so as to close a gap formed between the bottom surface on the trough 39 side and the chain 43.
[0016]
The mounting seat 41 that separates the bed 3 and the trough 39 forms a gap for preventing heat such as chips conveyed by the chip conveyor 47 from being conducted to the bed 3 during the conveyance and causing thermal expansion distortion . The width of Trough 39 includes a distance between the pair of telescopic cover 53 connected to the lower edge portion facing the pair of inclined plates 51, 51 mounted on both sides under side of the splash guard 49 to be described later, at approximately the same, the The length starts from the front of the rear side of the bed 3 and extends forward from the front end of the bed 3, and a chip discharge opening 55 is provided below the end.
[0017]
The trough 39 extends to a region for receiving all the chips collected by the inclined plate 51 and the telescopic cover 35, and the chip conveyor 47 is driven clockwise (see FIG. 1) and collected on the conveyor 47. The chips are moved to the discharge opening 55. A machining liquid tank 57 is disposed below the opening 55 so that chips that are carried by the chip conveyor 47 and fall from the opening 55 are received together with the machining liquid . Na us, the telescopic cover 53, respectively, so as to cover between the rear-side step portion and the table 21 of the bed 3, the space between the front side plate of the splash guard 49 to be described later table 21, The function of protecting the sliding surface of the table 21 from the workpiece chips, that is, the Z-axis guide rails 13 and 13 of the bed 3, guiding the chips falling on the inclined plate 51 surface, and collecting the chips on the chip conveyor 47. Is a movable cover.
[0018]
Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the splash guard 49 covers the machining portion of the workpiece 15 from the outside, guards the machining fluid and chips from scattering to the outside, and rotates the tool and scatters the chips. Responsible for protecting workers from danger caused by The inclined plates 51 and 51 described above are attached to the left and right lower sides of the splash guard 49 to prevent chips and machining fluid from falling on the Z-axis guide rails 13 and 13 of the bed 3. By increasing the inclination angle of the inclined plates 51, 51, chips do not adhere to or stay on the inclined surface.
The portion of the rear plate of the splash guard 49 through which the spindle head 9 penetrates has a double window structure of an XY cover 59, an X cover 61, and a Y cover 63 from the inside as shown in FIG.
[0019]
Referring to FIG. 3, the XY cover 59 is fixed to the rear portion of the splash guard 49 (which constitutes the main body of the splash guard 49), and has a substantially rectangular hole 59a. An X cover 61 is provided on the rear part of the XY cover 59 (the back side when viewed from the front of the machine) so as to cover the central part of the punched hole 59a from the rear, and a long hole shaped punched hole 61a is formed. Further, a Y cover 63 is provided at the rear part of the X cover 61 so as to cover the central part of the punched hole 61a from the rear side, and the spindle head 9 passes through the central part . Et al of the fixed plate 61c and right and left ends of the X cover 61, between the 61c, a movable cover 61b made of an elastic sealing member such as a telescopic cover, 61b are respectively attached. Similarly, movable covers 63a and 63a are attached between the upper and lower ends of the Y cover 63 and the fixed plates 63b and 63b, respectively.
[0020]
Therefore, the X cover 61 and the movable covers 61b and 61b always cover the punched hole 59a which is the movement range of the spindle head 9 in the X axis direction, and the Y cover 63 and the movable covers 63a and 63a move in the Y axis direction. The spindle head 9 can be relatively moved in the X and Y axis directions without covering the outer periphery of the spindle head 9 and the inner peripheral edges of the punch holes 59a and 61a.
[0021]
By adopting such a configuration, the spindle head 9 moves in the X and Y axis directions inside the punched hole 59a of the XY cover 59. Therefore, the XY cover 59 may be formed with a minimum punch hole 59a with respect to the range of movement of the spindle head 9 in the X and Y axis directions, and if the corner portion has an R shape, Its size can be further reduced. From this, the inclination angle of the inclined plates 51 and 51 of the splash guard 49 can be increased, which contributes to prevention of chip accumulation. Here, since the XY cover 59, the X cover 61, and the Y cover 63 have a thin plate shape, chips hardly accumulate on the inner peripheral edge of the punched holes 59a, 61a.
[0022]
Next, with reference to FIG. 4, the description attached to the vertical machining center. 4 is the same as the horizontal machining center in FIG. 1 except for the main shaft and the planar cover around the main shaft head, and is given the same reference numerals . L-shaped bed 30 front upper surface of the upright machining center, the bottom of the table 21, a trough 39 for assembling the chip discharge means horizontal machining centers and the same structure, is placed in the left-right direction in the figure, the chip discharge of the chip discharge means An opening is arranged at the front end of the bed 3. A driving means for moving the table 21 in the front-rear direction is also arranged at the front end of the bed 3. The explanation of the inclined plate for collecting chips, the telescopic cover, etc. is omitted, but it is almost the same as the horizontal machining center, so please refer to it . It is possible to apply the same technical means and horizontal machining center as this the vertical machining center, where exhibits action effect also becomes the same as the horizontal machining center described above.
[0023]
According to the embodiment of the present invention, since the splash guard having the inclined portion and the telescopic cover extending and contracting in the horizontal direction are provided, chips are not caught between the cover members. Moreover, since it is the structure which discharges chips from the front of the machine, it is not necessary to provide a hole in the rear part of the bed, and the rigidity of the bed can be maintained. Further, since feed moving means such as a ball screw and a drive motor for moving the table in the front-rear direction are provided in front of the machine, it is not necessary to provide a hole in the rear part of the bed, and the rigidity of the bed can be maintained.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
Provided a concave trough for receiving the chips to the central part of the bed over the entire movement range of the front-rear direction of the table, since chips over the entire area has enabled drop, chips produced when machining the workpiece, the trough Dropped directly into or along the cover and no longer deposited on the bed or around the table.
In addition , a chip conveyor is provided in the trough , and chips are automatically discharged out of the machine. Since only one wide trough is provided below the table at the center of the bed and it is not necessary to provide it on both sides of the table , the machine can be made compact.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a side sectional view of a horizontal machining center which is an embodiment of the machine tool of the present invention, and shows a section taken along line II in FIG.
FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of the horizontal machining center of the present embodiment taken along line II-II in FIG.
3 is a front sectional view of the horizontal machining center of the present embodiment taken along line III-III in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a side view showing an overall schematic configuration of a vertical machining center according to another embodiment of the present invention .
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Horizontal machining center 3 ... Bed 5 ... Column 9 ... Spindle head 11 ... Spindle head 15 ... Work 21 ... Table 39 ... Trough 47 ... Chip conveyor 49 ... Splash guard 51 ... Inclined plate 53 ... Telescopic cover 59 ... XY cover 61 ... X cover 63 ... Y cover

Claims (2)

A machine tool for machining a workpiece by moving a workpiece and a tool relative to each other in three directions of X, Y, and Z axes , wherein a spindle head having a spindle on which the tool is mounted has a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. In a machine tool that moves and a table on which the workpiece is placed moves in the front-rear direction,
A bed that is the base of the machine,
One concave groove portion that is provided in the central portion of the bed over the entire range of movement of the table in the front-rear direction, and stores a trough that receives chips;
A column that moves along a guide that extends in the left-right direction at the rear of the bed;
Has a spindle for mounting the tool, a spindle head that moves along a guide which is provided extending vertically at the front of the column,
A table that is provided across the recessed groove portion of the bed and moves along a guide provided by extending in the front-rear direction at the front portion on the bed;
A trough formed of a concave thin plate member that is attached to the entire groove of the bed in the forward and backward movement range of the table and receives the chips that fall.
A telescopic cover provided at the front and rear of the table to cover the guide of movement of the table in the front-rear direction, and for guiding the dropped chips to the trough;
A chip conveyor that is provided in the trough and discharges chips that have fallen out of the machine;
The machine tool is characterized in that chips fall in the trough provided at the center of the bed over the entire range of movement of the table in the front-rear direction . A machine tool for machining a workpiece by moving the workpiece and a tool relative to each other in the X, Y, and Z axes, and a column is moved in a horizontal direction at a rear portion on a bed, and the tool is mounted. In a machine tool in which a spindle head having a spindle moves in the vertical direction at the front part of the column, and a table on which the workpiece is placed moves in the front-rear direction at the front part on the bed,
A bed formed with a recessed groove part for receiving a trough for receiving chips over the entire range of movement in the front-rear direction of the table in the center part;
A table that is provided across the recessed groove portion of the bed and moves along a guide provided by extending in the front-rear direction at the front portion on the bed;
A trough made of a concave thin plate member that is attached in the concave groove portion of the bed over the entire range of movement of the table in the front-rear direction, and that receives dropped chips,
Telescopic that is provided at the front and rear of the table so as to cover the front and rear movement guide of the table, enables chips to fall over the entire range of movement of the table in the front and rear direction, and guides the dropped chips to the trough A cover,
A splash guard that surrounds the processing area and has an inclined portion inclined in a valley shape from the left and right to guide chips to the trough ;
Forming a rear wall of the splash guard, having an opening for projecting the main shaft to the processing region, moving along with the column and the head of the spindle, and covering a guide for the movement of the column and the head of the shaft A flat cover,
A chip conveyor that is provided in the trough and discharges chips that have fallen out of the machine ;
The machine tool is characterized in that chips fall in the trough provided at the center of the bed over the entire range of movement of the table in the front-rear direction.

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