JPH09309042A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize excellent collection and discharge performance of chips and so on and to prevent conventional nest-state bank of chips from being formed. SOLUTION: A vertical or horizontal machining center is so constituted that a work and a tool are relatively moved in the directions of X axis, Y axis and Z axis so as to give desired machining on the work. In this case, a trough 53 whose width is larger than a cover 27 of feeding means 29 and 31 in the back and forth direction of a table 5 is provided in the back and forth direction of the table 5 at the center of a bed 3 immediately under the table, a telescopic cover 49 which can be telescopically moved along with movement of the table 5 in the back and forth direction is provided on both sides of the front and the rear of the table so that it covers a guide 21 for movement in the back and forth direction of the table 5 and an inclined tough shape is formed toward the trough 53, and a chip conveyer 65 for discharging chips fallen into the trough 53 to outside is arranged in the trough 53.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine tool that relatively moves a work and a tool in the directions of three axes of X, Y, and Z to perform desired processing on the work, and particularly has a good chip discharge property. Regarding machine tools.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a machine tool, one of the most important themes is how to efficiently discharge a large amount of chips generated when machining a workpiece out of the apparatus. Research and development. For example, Japanese Examination 6
JP-A-28835 and JP-A-58-93437 propose a structure in which troughs are provided on both sides of a table and chips are individually removed by the troughs on each side. That is,
FIG. 4 of Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei 6-28835 discloses a vertical machining center provided with tables moving in the X and Y axis directions, troughs provided on both sides of the table to receive chips, and chips in each trough. A configuration in which chips are discharged to the outside of the machine by a discharge means is disclosed. In addition, 58-934
In FIG. 3 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 37-304, a table which moves in the Z-axis direction is provided in a horizontal machining center, troughs are provided on both sides of the table to receive chips, and chip discharge means using fluid in each trough is provided. A configuration for discharging chips is disclosed.

[0003]

However, in the above-mentioned two conventional structures, the troughs are dispersed in two places, and each trough needs a chip discharging means, which complicates the structure. Also, the width of each trough is as small as bisecting the dimensions allocated for the trough, and when trying to make the whole machine compact, the width of each trough becomes narrower, so that each trough has chips. (A bird's nest-like chip pool) is likely to be formed.

[0004] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a compact machine tool which does not involve such inconvenience and has excellent performance for collecting and discharging chips and the like.

[0005]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a machine tool for relatively moving a workpiece and a tool in the three axial directions of X, Y and Z axes to perform the desired machining on the workpiece. A bed that serves as a base of the machine, a column that moves along a guide that is movably provided in the left and right directions at the rear of the bed, and a column that is movable in the front and rear directions at the front of the bed. And a table on which the work is placed, and a spindle head having a spindle on which the tool is mounted at the tip, which moves along a guide that is vertically movable in the column. , A tilted cover that is provided so as to cover the guide for the front-back movement of the table, tilts in a valley shape from the left and right toward the center, and has an opening for dropping chips in the center, and below the table. Directly below the inclined cover of A trough that is provided in the front-rear direction from the front to the rear in the center of the pad and is formed wider than the opening width of the inclined cover, and chips that are provided in the trough and that discharge the dropped chips to the outside of the machine. And a discharging means.

Preferably, a feed means for moving the table in the front-rear direction is attached to the rear side of the table, and the feed means for moving the front-rear direction does not project to the front side of the table. Further, preferably, the trough is formed of a thin plate member having a concave shape, and is fixed and attached at a plurality of positions with a space between the trough and the bed.

[0007]

[Operation] A wide trough is provided in the center of the bed below the table, and a valley-shaped inclined cover that is inclined toward the trough is provided. Therefore, when machining a workpiece on the table, the structure is simple and simple. The chips generated in the slab surely fall from the opening of the inclined cover directly into the trough or along the inclined cover.

In the case where the feeding means for moving the table in the front-rear direction exists only on the rear side of the table, on the rear side of the table, the chips are troughed through the gap space between the cover of the feeding means and the inclined cover. Inside, there is a large space corresponding to the trough on the front side of the table, and the chips fall into the trough without being caught.

In the case where the trough is attached to the bed with a space, the heat of the chips and cutting fluid is difficult to be directly conducted to the bed.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a right side view showing the overall schematic configuration of the machine tool of one embodiment of the present invention. This machine tool 1 is a vertical machining center that performs a desired machining (boring, milling, drilling, grinding, etc.) on a work by moving a work and a tool relative to each other in three directions orthogonal to the X, Y, and Z axes. For convenience of explanation, the front cover and the like are removed from the drawing.

The large bed 3 serving as the base of the illustrated machining center 1 is formed by, for example, a casting method in which a molten metal is poured into a mold to be cooled and solidified. When viewed from the side, the entire bed 3 has an L-shape. The bed core is so-called lightening-molded (structured by ribs) to reduce weight and increase strength. The bed 3 incorporates a chip collecting / discharging structure which is an essential part of the present invention, the details of which will be described later.

A table 5 for detachably fixing a work (not shown) is arranged at the front (worker side) on the bed, and the table 5 at the rear of the bed, which is higher than the front of the bed, is provided. A column 9 (moving body) having a spindle head 7 is arranged on the upper side. The column 9 is supported so as to be movable in the lateral direction of the bed (X-axis direction) when viewed from the operator side, and the spindle head 7 is moved in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) with respect to the operator-side column upright portion. It is supported as much as possible. A vertical spindle 11 is rotatably arranged in the spindle head, and a lower end of the spindle is partially exposed for mounting a tool holder holding a tool.

An auxiliary device 15 including a control device, a lubricating oil supply device, etc. is arranged on the back side of the bed, and a machining liquid tank 17 for accumulating the machining liquid collected from the bed 3 is provided below the auxiliary device 15. Is provided, and a receiving cover 19 for guiding the working fluid into the working fluid tank is provided near the upper side. Next, with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the bed internal structure forming the essential part of the present invention will be described in detail.

The table 5 for fixing the work is provided with a pair of mutually parallel Y-axis guide rails 21 fixed to the upper surface of the bed front (worker side) and extending in the bed front-rear direction (Y-axis direction). Via a guide device basically composed of four linear motion bearings 23 (only two can be seen in FIG. 1) fixed to the bottom surface of the table that engages with the Y-axis guide rail 21,
It is supported so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction (front-back direction of bed).

A nut bracket 27 protruding rearward is attached to the rear surface of the table 5 substantially at the center, and a feed screw nut 29 is attached to the tip of the nut bracket. The feed screw nut 29 is provided on both Y-axis guide rails. It is screwed onto a feed screw shaft 31 for driving the table, which is arranged in parallel with them on the upper side between them. The feed screw shaft 31 is rotatably supported by a support bearing 37 installed in a motor bracket 35 fixed to the bed rear side and a support bearing 41 installed in a bracket 39 fixed to the bed front side. The end of the feed screw shaft on the bed rear side is integrally rotatably connected to the motor shaft of the table-driving Y-axis feed motor 45 attached to the motor bracket 35. The nut bracket 27 includes the feed screw nut 29 and the feed screw shaft 31 on the bed front side of the feed screw nut 29.
It covers the parts in a chevron shape, and acts as a cover so that chips and cutting fluid do not directly contact them. Note that, instead of the chevron shape, the nut bracket may be formed in a half-cylindrical shape or a cylindrical or square tube shape, although not shown.

On both sides of the rear surface of the table, so-called telescopic covers (extensible covers) 49, which can be expanded and contracted in the front-rear direction of the bed as the table moves, are provided so as to cover the Y-axis guide rails 21 from above, respectively. The telescopic cover 49 is arranged so as to have a valley shape (in other words, an inverted C shape when viewed from the front or rear of the table) such that the telescopic cover 49 is inclined toward the center and becomes narrower.

Similarly, telescopic covers 49 are provided on both sides of the front surface of the table so as to cover the Y-axis guide rails 21 from above, and the telescopic covers 49 on both sides are inclined toward the center to become narrower. It is arranged and configured to have such a valley shape (in other words, an inverted C shape when viewed from the front or the rear of the table). The valley-shaped bottom portion has an opening through which chips and machining fluid fall downward. The telescopic cover 49 is an inclined cover referred to in the claims.

The bed surface portion of the bed 3 which is sandwiched by both Y-axis guide rails 21 and which is a step lower than the groove groove-shaped portion extending in the Y-axis direction forms the bottom surface of the bed surface portion. The trough 53 made of a thin metal plate is attached via a mounting seat (plate) 55 so as to have a predetermined gap (space) with respect to the bed surface portion mainly for heat insulation. At the front and rear ends of the trough 53 in the Y-axis direction, there are wall 53
a and 53b are provided, and a bottom opening 53c is provided in the bottom portion of the rear portion of the trough so that the working fluid can be dropped and collected in the working fluid tank 17 just below the trough.

Inside the trough 53, there is an endless chain 61.
A chip conveyor (chip discharging means) 65 having a scraper (scraping plate) 63 attached thereto is arranged on the upper surface of the trough 53, and the bottom surface of the trough 53 is forcibly scraped out of the chips and the working fluid that have fallen into the trough 53. The processing liquid tank 17 can be dropped through the opening 53c. In the vertical machining center 1 of the present embodiment having the above-described configuration, the single wide trough 53 is arranged below the center of the table 5, and the trough 53 along the moving direction (Y-axis direction) of the table 5 is arranged. Since a simple and simple structure is adopted in which the inclined cover (telescopic cover 49) is arranged so that the parts are formed, the chips generated during the machining of the work directly in the trough 53 directly below the table or in the valley-shaped telescopic cover 49. Can be reliably dropped and recovered along the. That is, on the front side of the table, there is a large space (the entrance width dimension A of the trough 53) defined by the valley-shaped telescopic cover 49 above the trough 53, and the chips are
It can fall into the trough 53 without being caught. On the other hand, on the rear side of the table, only the space occupied by the nut bracket (mountain-shaped cover) 27 that supports and covers the feed screw nut 29 is subtracted from the space corresponding to the large space on the front side of the table. Only the side space (total width of the entrance width of the trough 53 is 2B) is vacant, but it is still sufficient as a space for the passage of chips, and the chevron shape of the nut bracket 27 helps the table. As on the front side, the chips can fall into the trough 53 without stress. As a result, it is possible to completely eliminate the catching of chips and the formation of piles of chips (bird's nest-shaped chip pool).

Further, in the present embodiment, since only one chip conveyor (chip discharging means) is provided, compared with the conventional complicated structure in which a plurality of chip discharging means are provided in a plurality of troughs. It is very reasonable and economical. Incidentally, as a means for forcibly discharging the chips in the trough, instead of the device of the scraper system as in the above-mentioned embodiment, although not shown, it is possible to eject the machining liquid into the trough and push out the chips by the pressure or the screw conveyor system. A device can be employed.

Further, in this embodiment, the trough 53
Is formed separately from the bed 3, and the trough 53 is formed by bending and forming a thin plate member with high heat dissipation.
Since it is configured to be attached to the bed 3 with a gap (insulating space), it is difficult for heat held by chips and cutting fluid to be directly transmitted to the bed 3, and therefore, to those that may have occurred in the past. It is possible to reduce or eliminate inconveniences such as thermal deformation of the bed 3 and extension of processing accuracy.

The vertical machining center 1 of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has an offset structure in which the feed screw shaft 31 (Y-axis direction feed means) is always located on the rear side of the table. On the other hand, although not shown,
It is also possible to have a structure in which the feed screw shaft penetrates (crosses) the lower part of the table and extends to the front and back of the table. In this aspect, the cover is attached to the front side of the table for the same purpose as the nut bracket on the rear side of the table.
The chips can be reliably dropped and collected in the trough without being caught, as on the rear side of the table.

Next, as a second embodiment, a case where the present invention is applied to a horizontal machining center will be described with reference to FIG. The main difference from the vertical machining center in Fig. 3 is
Inside the spindle head 7, a column 9 is provided which can move the rear portion on the bed 3 in the left-right direction (X-axis direction), and the spindle head 7 is movable in the vertical Y-axis direction in the column 9. On which the main shaft 11 is horizontally supported, and the bed 3
The upper front part is provided with a table 5 that is movable in the front-rear Z-axis direction and is indexable. Below the table 5, a telescopic cover and a trough are provided, and the structure in which the chips that have fallen into the trough are discharged to the processing liquid tank by the chip conveyor is the same as in the above-described embodiment, so a detailed description is omitted. As described above, the present invention can be applied not only to a vertical spindle machine tool but also to a horizontal spindle machine tool.

[0024]

As explained above, according to the present invention, one is provided in the front-rear direction from the front part to the rear part in the central part on the bed just below the tilt cover below the table and is wider than the opening width of the tilt cover. A machine tool having a chip processing mechanism is provided by a trough, a valley-shaped inclined cover for guiding chips to drop in the trough, and one chip discharging means provided in the trough. Despite the configuration, chips can be reliably collected and discharged, and a compact machine tool can be realized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a bed of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the bed as seen from the direction of the arrow along the line II-II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a right side view showing the overall schematic configuration of the machine tool according to the embodiment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a right side view showing an overall schematic configuration of a machine tool according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ... Vertical machining center 3 ... Bed 5 ... Table 17 ... Processing liquid tank 21 ... Y-axis guide rail 27 ... Nut bracket 29 ... Feed screw nut 31 ... Feed screw shaft 49 ... Telescopic cover 53 ... Trough 55 ... Mounting seat 65 ... Chip conveyor

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued Front Page (72) Inventor Akihiro Mochizuki 3560-1, Katsuyama-mura, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi Prefecture Makino Milling Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A machine tool for performing desired machining on a workpiece by moving a workpiece and a tool relative to each other in three directions of X, Y, and Z axes, a bed serving as a base of the machine, and a bed on the bed. A column that moves along a guide that is movable in the left-right direction at the rear part, and a table that moves along a guide that is movable in the front-rear direction at the front part on the bed to place the work. And a spindle head that moves along a guide movably provided in the column in the vertical direction and has a spindle at the tip for mounting the tool, and a guide that is provided for covering the table in the longitudinal direction. An inclined cover which is inclined in a valley shape from the left and right toward the central portion and has an opening for dropping chips in the central portion, and a front portion in the central portion on the bed immediately below the inclined cover below the table. From front to rear A work provided with a trough that is formed in a direction wider than the opening width of the inclined cover, and a chip discharging unit that is provided in the trough and discharges the chips that have fallen out of the machine. machine. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the feeding means for moving the table in the front-back direction is attached to the rear side of the table, and the feeding means for moving the front-back direction does not project to the front side of the table. 3. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the trough is formed of a concave thin plate member, and is fixedly attached at a plurality of positions with a space between the trough and the bed.