JP4010398B2 - Submersible drilling device and method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to excavation work for excavating a vertical hole using a submerged excavator, and more specifically, an improvement of the submerged excavator that enables the excavation work to be efficient, and the submerged excavation. The present invention relates to a submerged excavation method executed using an apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A part of process in the case of using a bucket as a submerged excavator in the prior art is shown in FIGS.
In FIG. 14, excavation of the vertical hole H proceeds to a certain depth, and in order to further excavate the next one shot, the bucket 20 consisting of the right bucket 20R and the left bucket 20L of the excavator B is opened, and the bottom of the vertical hole H is opened. It shows the state of trying to dig.
FIG. 15 shows a state in which one shot of excavation is completed, the earth and sand excavated by the bucket 20 (20R, 20L) is loaded inside the bucket 20, and the left and right buckets 20R, 20L are closed.
FIG. 16 shows a state where the bucket 20 is lifted up to a certain height by the lifting cable 8 in order to discharge (collect) the earth and sand loaded in the bucket 20 out of the vertical hole H.
FIG. 17 shows a process in which the bucket 20 is further lifted upward in order to collect the earth and sand in the bucket 20 out of the vertical hole.
[0003]
Here, from the end of excavation in FIG. 15 to the recovery of excavated earth and sand in FIG. 16, the bottom portion (20Rb, 20Lb) of the bucket 20 and the bottom portion hb of the new excavation hole h formed by excavation are formed below the bucket 20. A region (space) C is closed in the vicinity of the hinge portion 24 of the opening / closing link 40 of the bucket 20, and in the state where the bucket 20 remains closed, a negative pressure is generated as the bucket 20 rises.
[0004]
Due to the negative pressure generated in the space C, even if the bucket 20 is lifted to collect excavated earth and sand, the downward force acts as a resistance and the bucket cannot be lifted at a high speed.
[0005]
Further, there is a problem that the negative pressure generated in the space C sucks and collapses the soil around the new excavation hole h (in FIG. 17, symbol M indicates the collapsed earth and sand). It was.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and it is possible to increase the ascending speed of the submersible excavator when collecting excavated soil, and the surrounding area of the excavated area collapses. The purpose is to provide a submersible excavator and a submerged excavation method.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The submersible excavator (bucket 2, 2R, 2L) of the present invention transmits pressure of the liquid above the excavation site to the excavation claw portion 22 to the region (C) below the excavation site (pipe 3). , Communication holes 24, grooves 26, 26E, 26F, etc.), and the pressure transmission means is provided with a sediment intrusion prevention mechanism (check valves 24V, 26V) for preventing the intrusion of excavated sediment. (Claim 1).
[0008]
Moreover, the submerged excavation method of the present invention includes a submerged excavator (bucket 2, 2R, 2L) for excavating using the submerged excavator (buckets 2, 2R, 2L) and a submerged excavator (bucket 2, 2R, 2L), and in the submerged excavation process, the excavation earth and sand are connected to the pressure transmission means (pipe 3, communication hole 24, grooves 26, 26E, 26F, etc.) provided in the excavation claw part (22). The soil and sand intrusion prevention mechanism (check valves 24V and 26V) is closed so as not to enter, and in the recovery process, the earth and sand intrusion prevention mechanism (check valve 24V) is opened and pressure transmitting means provided in the claw portion 22 for excavation The pressure of the liquid above the excavation site is transmitted to the region (C) below the excavation site via the pipe 3, the communication hole 24, the grooves 26, 26E, and 26F (Claim 3).
[0009]
According to the present invention having such a configuration, even when a negative pressure is generated in the region “C” (FIG. 3) below the submerged excavator 2 when the submerged excavator 2 is lifted to collect excavated sediment. The pressure transmission means (the pipe 3, the communication hole 24, the grooves 26, 26E, 26F, etc.) transmits the pressure above the excavation site to the negative pressure generation region, so that the region above the submerged excavator 2 (G ) And the lower region (C) no longer exists. As a result, no downward force (resistance) acts on the submerged excavator (2) when collecting excavated earth and sand, and the submerged excavator (2) can be pulled up at high speed.
[0010]
Further, since the pressure above the excavation site is transmitted to the negative pressure generation region, the negative pressure in the region (C) below the bucket disappears, and no force for sucking the surrounding ground is generated. Therefore, the risk of collapsing surrounding soil is also eliminated.
[0011]
In carrying out the present invention, the earth and sand intrusion prevention mechanism (check valves 24V and 26V) is preferably provided at the lower end of the pressure transmission means (pipe 3, communication hole 24, grooves 26, 26E, 26F, etc.). This is to prevent the earth and sand excavated by the bucket claws 22 from entering the pressure transmission means (pipe 3, communication hole 24, grooves 26, 26D, 26F, etc.).
[0012]
Here, there is no problem with respect to resistance due to the pipe 3 during excavation when the pipe 3 is provided on the bucket claw 22 as the pressure transmission means, because the present method is intended for removing soft ground and deposits. .
[0013]
In the present invention, the submerged excavator includes excavation reaction force support means (14A) for supporting excavation reaction force, and the excavation reaction force support means (14A) has a rod-like body (15) having a screw-like protrusion. ), A driving device (13) for rotating the rod-like body (15) around the axis, and a stretching means (11) for stretching the rod-like body (15) in the axial direction ( Claim 2).
[0014]
By the excavation reaction force support means, the rod-like body is screwed into the excavation site to support and excavate the excavation reaction force at the time of excavation, and the submersible excavator is prevented from being lifted, thereby allowing efficient excavation.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0016]
First, a first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 showing steps of discharging (collecting) earth and sand excavated from excavation of a hole.
In FIG. 1, excavation of the vertical hole H proceeds to a certain depth, and the bucket 2 (2R, 2L) of the excavator A is opened to further excavate the next one shot, and the bottom of the vertical hole H is to be excavated. Indicates the state.
[0017]
The bucket 2 (2R, 2L) has a bucket bottom 2b (FIGS. 1 to 2) from above (in a state where the left and right buckets 2R, 2L are closed) of the hinge mounting portion 4a of the opening / closing link 4 that opens and closes the bucket 2. The pipe 3 is provided along the profile of the bottom portion 2b of the bucket over the hatched portion in FIG.
A check valve (not shown) is provided in the vicinity of the opening 3 a on the bucket bottom 2 b side of the pipe 3.
[0018]
FIG. 2 shows a state in which one shot of excavation is completed, and the earth and sand excavated by the bucket 2 (2R, 2L) are loaded inside the bucket 2 and closed.
3, the state in which the bucket 2 is lifted to a certain height via the lifting / lowering cable 8 of the excavator A in order to discharge (collect) the earth and sand loaded in the bucket 2 out of the vertical hole H. Show.
In the above state, a region (space) C is formed below the bucket 2 by the bottom 2b of the bucket and the bottom hb of the new excavation hole h created by excavation.
The region (space) C is in a state of being closed in the vicinity of the hinge portion 4 a of the opening / closing link 4 of the bucket 2 except for the pipe 3 provided in the bucket 2.
[0019]
FIG. 4 shows a process in which the bucket 2 is further lifted upward in order to discharge (collect) the excavated earth and sand out of the vertical hole H.
[0020]
According to the submerged excavation apparatus and submerged excavation method of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a region (space) generated by the bottom 2 b of the bucket 2 and the bottom hb of a new excavation hole h created by excavation. ) Since C communicates with the region G above the bucket 2 by the pipe 3 provided in the bucket 2, negative pressure cannot be generated as in the prior art, and the rising speed of the bucket 2 is increased and the negative pressure is increased. Can prevent collapse of the hole around.
[0021]
Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
5 and 6, the bottom of the bucket 2R (the bucket 2 is composed of buckets 2R and 2L of different right and left, but will be described here on the right side 2R), that is, the claw portion 22 has a substantially intermediate thickness position. A communication hole 24 having an inlet 24a and an outlet 24b is formed.
[0022]
The inlet 24a is positioned at the side end 22e of the lower portion (claw portion) 22 of the bucket that is curved and warped, and the outlet 24b is positioned near the central portion (below the bucket 2) when the bucket 2 is closed. is doing.
[0023]
A check valve 24V is provided in the vicinity of the outlet 24b of the communication hole 24 so as to block the air flow from the outlet 24b toward the inlet 24a.
That is, when air is about to flow from the outlet 24b toward the inlet 24a, a flat surface 24c perpendicular to the communication hole 24 is formed in the vicinity of the outlet 24b as shown in FIG. 24V is configured to be closed by the flat surface 24c.
[0024]
Further, as shown in FIG. 6, when air flows from the inlet 24a to the outlet 24b, the check valve 24V is automatically opened by the air pressure flowing through the communication hole, or when the bucket 2 collects sediment. The check valve 24V is configured to be opened by means (not shown) in conjunction with the operation of lifting the valve.
[0025]
According to the submerged excavation apparatus and submerged excavation method of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the space formed by the bottom of the bucket 2 and the bottom of a new excavation hole made by excavation (see FIG. 3). 3 corresponds to the region above the bucket 2 (refer to FIG. 3 and corresponds to the symbol G in FIG. 3) through a communication hole 24 provided in the bottom (claw portion) 22 of the bucket 2. Therefore, as indicated by the white arrow in FIG. 6, the atmospheric pressure can flow from the region above the bucket 2 through the communication hole 24 into the space generated at the bottom of the bucket.
Accordingly, no negative pressure is generated in the space generated at the bottom of the bucket 2, and the rising speed of the bucket 2 can be increased, and collapse of the hole periphery due to the negative pressure can be prevented.
[0026]
Intrusion of earth and sand into the communication hole 24 during excavation is also prevented by the check valve 24V as shown in FIG.
[0027]
Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
In FIG. 7, a plurality of grooves 26 having a cross section shown in FIG. 8 are formed along the back surface 22a up to the bottom position 22b of the claw portion 22 at the bottom of the bucket 2R, that is, the back surface 22a of the claw portion 22. .
In FIG. 7, reference numeral 26V denotes a check valve provided at the lower end of the groove.
[0028]
The cross-sectional shape of the groove 26 is semicircular, and the opening of the groove is covered so as to form a pipe line by the lid 28 and the groove 26 over substantially the entire length of the groove.
[0029]
Further, the shape of the groove may be a triangle (26E) as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the opening of the groove 26E is covered with a lid 28E so as to form a pipe line.
[0030]
Further, the shape of the groove may be a trapezoid (26F or square) as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the opening of the groove 26F is covered with a lid 28F so as to form a pipe line.
[0031]
According to the submerged excavation apparatus and submerged excavation method of the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, the groove 26 extends from the region above the bucket 2 according to the same principle as that of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. , 26E and 26F allow atmospheric pressure to flow into the space created at the bottom of the bucket.
Accordingly, no negative pressure is generated in the space generated at the bottom of the bucket 2, so that the rising speed of the bucket 2 can be increased and the collapse of the excavation hole due to the negative pressure can be prevented.
[0032]
Further, infiltration of earth and sand into the grooves 26, 26E, and 26F during the excavation process is blocked by the lids 28, 28E, 28F provided in the grooves and the check valve 26V as shown in FIG.
[0033]
Next, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the present embodiment, the excavator A including the bucket 2 is accommodated in the cover member 30 to reduce interference resistance of the vertical movement of the bucket 2 in the vertical hole H, and the excavation reaction force during excavation by the bucket 2 It is configured to allow efficient excavation by preventing floating.
[0034]
11 shows a state in which the bucket 2 is housed in the cover member 30, FIG. 12 shows a state in which the bucket 2 jumps out from the cover member 30 and starts excavation, and FIG. 13 shows a configuration of the bucket 2.
[0035]
11 and 12, the cover member 30 includes an integrally formed upper capsule 32 and divided lower capsules 34L and 34R, and is connected by hinges 33 and 33 provided on both sides of the lower end portion of the upper capsule 32. .
[0036]
The upper capsule 32 is formed in a cylindrical shape with an apex at the top, and is lifted up and down by a pair of suspension wires 16 and 16 connected to a support member 17 fixed inside the peak. It is connected to the hoist freely.
[0037]
The lower capsules 34L and 34R are configured to be combined into a cylindrical shape having a pointed bottom at the bottom when the bucket 2 is in the retracted state as shown in FIG. 11, and the bucket 2 is in the excavated state as shown in FIG. In some cases, it is constructed so as to expand left and right around the hinges 33 and 33.
[0038]
The bucket 2 in the cover member 30 is connected to an upper and lower lifting mechanism by a thick plate-shaped slide guide 36 connected to the lifting wire 8 so as to be movable up and down.
[0039]
An upper stopper 32a provided so as to protrude into the upper capsule 32 is provided so as to determine the highest position of the bucket 2, and lower stoppers 34a, 34a provided so as to protrude into the lower capsules 34L, 34R It is provided to determine the lowest position.
[0040]
Referring to FIG. 13 showing the bucket configuration, excavation reaction force support means 14A for supporting the excavation reaction force is attached to a mounting bracket 10 that fixes the opening / closing hinge 6 serving as the opening / closing center of the buckets 2L, 2R.
[0041]
The excavation reaction force support means 14A includes a rod-shaped auger screw 15 having screw-like projections, a hydraulic cylinder 11 as an extension means for extending the auger screw 15 in the axial excavation direction, and a drive device for rotating the auger screw 15. And a hydraulic motor 10.
[0042]
Reference numeral 8 in FIG. 13 denotes a sheave that winds the wire 8 and moves the excavator A up and down, and the link hinges 4 a and 4 a are connected to the links 4 and 4 that open and close the bucket 2. The links 4 and 4 are connected to the slide guide 36.
[0043]
First, the submersible excavation method according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13. The excavator A is lowered toward the excavation ground GL in the liquid. In FIG. 11, the bucket 2 of the excavator A is in a contracted state, and the slide guide 36 is lifted by the stopper 32 a and is housed in the cover member 30. At this time, the lower capsules 34L and 34R are joined at the lowermost end 35, and, for example, if the vertical hole H is being re-descent after excavating the excavated soil while excavating the vertical hole H, the excavator A will not have descent resistance. The bottom is pointed.
[0044]
Next, referring to FIG. 12, when the descent of the excavator A reaches the vicinity of the excavation ground GL, the descent is stopped and the capsules 34L and 34R are deployed, and then the slide guide 36 is lowered by the lower stopper 34a. The drilling rig A is lowered until it stops.
[0045]
Next, the bucket 2 is expanded.
Next, the auger screw 15 is extended toward the excavation ground GL by the hydraulic cylinder 11 and further rotated by the hydraulic motor 13 to screw the auger screw 15 to an appropriate depth in the excavation ground GL.
[0046]
In a state where the auger screw 15 is screwed into the excavation ground GL, excavation is performed within a range that does not interfere with the auger screw 15 while closing the buckets 2L and 2R. The bucket 2 can be excavated without being lifted by holding the excavation reaction force of the auger screw 15.
[0047]
Next, the auger screw 15 is pulled out, the bucket 2 containing the excavated soil is further closed and stored in the cover member 30, and the capsules 34L and 34R are contracted to bring the excavated soil upward in the same posture as in FIG. Pull up.
As described above, due to the reduction in interference resistance when the cover member 30 is raised and lowered, the lifting time of the excavator A is shortened and the working time is shortened.
[0048]
It should be noted that the illustrated embodiment is merely an example, and is not a description to limit the technical contents of the present invention.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
The effects of the present invention are listed below.
(1) Since the pressure above the excavation point is transmitted to the space formed by the bucket bottom and the excavation hole by the pressure transmission means such as the pipe, the communication hole, and the groove, the pressure between the region above the bucket and the space The difference no longer exists. As a result, no downward force (resistance) acts on the bucket when collecting excavated earth and sand, and the bucket can be pulled up at high speed.
(2) Since the pressure above the excavation site is transmitted to the space formed by the bucket bottom and the excavation hole, the negative pressure in the space disappears and no force for sucking the surrounding ground is generated. Therefore, the risk of collapsing surrounding soil is also eliminated.
(3) Since the pressure transmission means is provided with a check valve, the excavated earth and sand can be prevented from flowing into the pressure transmission means.
(4) The excavation reaction force support means enables reliable excavation without lifting the bucket during excavation.
(5) If the excavator is housed in the cover member, the interference resistance can be reduced when the excavator is lifted, and the lift time can be shortened.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process diagram in a first embodiment of the present invention, showing a state of starting excavation.
FIG. 2 is a process diagram in the first embodiment of the present invention, showing a state immediately after completion of excavation.
FIG. 3 is a process diagram according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and shows a state where a certain amount of buckets are lifted for earth and sand recovery.
FIG. 4 is a process chart according to the first embodiment of the present invention, showing a state in which a bucket is further lifted upward for earth and sand recovery.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a bucket according to a second embodiment of the present invention, showing a state where a check valve is activated (closed).
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a bucket according to a second embodiment of the present invention, showing a state where a check valve does not operate (open).
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a bucket according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the XX cross section in FIG. 7;
9 is a cross-sectional view showing another example (triangular cross section) in the XX cross section of FIG. 7; FIG.
10 is a cross-sectional view showing another example (trapezoidal cross section) in the XX cross section of FIG. 7; FIG.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a bucket is stored in a capsule according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the lower capsule portion is opened and the bucket starts excavation in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a front view showing details of a bucket according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a process diagram in the prior art, showing a state of starting excavation.
FIG. 15 is a process diagram in the prior art, showing a state immediately after the excavation is completed.
FIG. 16 is a process diagram in the prior art, and shows a state where a certain amount of buckets are lifted for earth and sand recovery.
FIG. 17 is a process diagram in the prior art, and shows a state in which the bucket is further lifted upward in order to collect earth and sand.
[Brief description of symbols]
A ... excavator C ... space H ... vertical hole G ... upper region 2, 2R, 2L ... bucket 3 ... pipe 4 ... opening / closing link 8 ... Elevating cable 22 ... claw portion 24 ... communication holes 24V, 26V ... check valves 26, 26E, 26F ... grooves 28, 28E, 28F ... lid

Claims (3)

The claw portion for excavation is provided with a pressure transmission means for transmitting the pressure of the liquid above the excavation site to the area below the excavation site, and the pressure transmission means has a sediment intrusion prevention mechanism for preventing the intrusion of excavated soil A submersible excavator characterized by that.   The submerged excavator includes excavation reaction force support means for supporting excavation reaction force, the excavation reaction force support means includes a rod-like body having a screw-like protrusion, and a drive device that rotates the rod-like body; The submerged excavator according to claim 1, further comprising an extending means for extending the rod-like body in the axial direction. A submerged excavation step for excavating using the submerged excavator according to claim 1 and a recovering step for lifting the submerged excavator for recovering excavated earth and sand. The sediment intrusion prevention mechanism is closed so that the excavation sediment does not enter the pressure transmission means, and in the recovery process, the sediment intrusion prevention mechanism is opened, and the liquid above the excavation site is removed via the pressure transmission means provided in the claw for excavation. A submerged excavation method characterized in that pressure is transmitted to an area below the excavation site.

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