JP4003072B2 - Alkaline ground improvement method - Google Patents

Alkaline ground improvement method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4003072B2
JP4003072B2 JP2003154785A JP2003154785A JP4003072B2 JP 4003072 B2 JP4003072 B2 JP 4003072B2 JP 2003154785 A JP2003154785 A JP 2003154785A JP 2003154785 A JP2003154785 A JP 2003154785A JP 4003072 B2 JP4003072 B2 JP 4003072B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
improved soil
lime
improving
alkaline ground
chemical
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JP2004059905A (en
Inventor
俊也 岡田
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Obayashi Corp
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Obayashi Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、セメント・石灰等で処理されたアルカリ地盤を、主として緑化用に改良する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
場所打ち杭や地中連続壁といった基礎工事あるいはシールドトンネル工事においては、建設泥土が多量に発生する。また、水質汚染を防止するため、その原因となるヘドロ層を浚渫によって除去することがあるが、かかる浚渫工事においても浚渫泥土が多量に発生する。
【0003】
このような発生土は、従来であれば脱水、pH処理といった処理を経た後、産業廃棄物として処分されることが多かったが、資源の有効利用や環境保護あるいは処分コストの低減といった観点から言えば、できるだけ再利用されることが望ましい。
【0004】
このような背景の下、最近では、発生土にセメント系材料または石灰系材料を添加混合して強度を改善し、かかる改良土を盛土材、斜面形成材、遮水壁の構築材あるいは裏込め等の空洞充填材として有効利用されることが多くなってきた。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平8−134444号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平8−157822号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平8−060155号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、かかる改良土が使用された箇所では、セメント系材料や石灰系材料が添加されている関係上、アルカリ性が強くて植物の生育に適さない環境となり、緑化することが非常に困難となるという問題を生じていた。
【0007】
なお、どうしても緑化が必要な場合には、健全な良質土を客土するか、硫酸、硫酸第一鉄、イオウ華といった薬剤を添加して中和する等の方法が考えられなくもないが、前者の方法ではコストがかかりすぎるという問題が生じ、後者の方法では、薬剤が危険物であるので取り扱いに十分な配慮が必要になるとともに作業にあたっては有資格者が必要となるという新たな問題が生じる。また、後者の方法では、適量を添加することが難しく、ややもすれば過剰添加となって酸性地盤になってしまうことも少なくなかった。
【0008】
本発明は、上述した事情を考慮してなされたもので、セメント系材料や石灰系材料が添加された改良土が使用された箇所においても確実に緑化を行うことが可能なアルカリ地盤の改良方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明のアルカリ地盤の改良方法は請求項1に記載したように、セメント系材料もしくは石灰系材料で処理された改良土に含まれる水酸化カルシウムと反応することによって難溶性の塩を形成する薬剤を前記改良土に添加することで、前記改良土のpHを低下させるとともに該改良土の電気伝導度ECの上昇を抑制するアルカリ地盤の改良方法であって、前記改良土のpHが10以下でかつ電気伝導度ECが2mS/cm以下となるように前記薬剤の添加量を調整する(前記薬剤を硫酸マグネシウムとし、かつその添加量を前記改良土の単位容積当たり、2〜5重量%とする場合を除く)ものである。
【0011】
また、本発明のアルカリ地盤の改良方法は、前記薬剤を燐酸系若しくは硫酸系化学肥料とするものである。
【0012】
また、本発明のアルカリ地盤の改良方法は、前記薬剤を過燐酸石灰、重過燐酸石灰若しくは硫酸マグネシウムとするものである。
【0013】
また、本発明のアルカリ地盤の改良方法は、前記薬剤の添加量を前記改良土の単位容積当たり、2〜5重量%とするものである。
【0014】
本発明に係るアルカリ地盤の改良方法においては、セメント系材料もしくは石灰系材料で処理された改良土に含まれる水酸化カルシウムと反応することによって難溶性の塩を形成する薬剤を該改良土に添加することで、前記改良土のpHを低下させるとともに該改良土の電気伝導度ECの上昇を抑制する。
【0015】
このようにすると、水酸化カルシウムの水酸化イオンは難溶性の塩に取り込まれあるいは水に変化し、改良土のアルカリ度は、緑化を行うのに十分な程度まで低下するとともに、電気伝導度(EC)の上昇が抑制されるため、植物の成長に適した環境を作り出すことができる。
【0016】
薬剤の添加量は、改良土のpHが10以下でかつ電気伝導度ECが2mS/cm以下となるように調整する。
【0017】
薬剤の添加の仕方としては、改良土を例えば覆土したり堤体材として使用する前に該改良土に添加するようにしてもよいし、覆土や堤体が施工された後で薬剤を散布し、必要に応じて適宜耕耘し改良土と混ぜるようにしてもよい。
【0018】
薬剤としては、改良土に含まれる水酸化カルシウムと反応して難溶性の塩を形成するものであればどのようなものでもよいが、該薬剤を燐酸系若しくは硫酸系化学肥料とするならば、比較的入手が容易で安全性も高く、過剰散布による影響も少ない。
【0019】
特に、前記薬剤を過燐酸石灰、重過燐酸石灰若しくは硫酸マグネシウムとするのが望ましい。この場合、前記薬剤の添加量を前記改良土の単位容積当たり、2〜5重量%とすると、植物の成長に適した環境を確実に作り出すことができる。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係るアルカリ地盤の改良方法の実施の形態について、添付図面を参照して説明する。なお、従来技術と実質的に同一の部品等については同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。
【0021】
図1は、本実施形態に係るアルカリ地盤の改良方法を示した略図である。同図でわかるように、本実施形態に係るアルカリ地盤の改良方法においては、まず、同図(a)に示すように、セメント系材料もしくは石灰系材料で処理された改良土1が堤体材の一部として使用されている斜面2上に薬剤、特に燐酸系若しくは硫酸系化学肥料としての過燐酸石灰、重過燐酸石灰若しくは硫酸マグネシウム4を散布管3を用いて散布する。
【0022】
次に、必要に応じて斜面2上を適宜耕耘し、これらの薬剤4と改良土1とを混ぜる。
【0023】
このようにすると、改良土1に含まれていた水酸化カルシウムは、過燐酸石灰、重過燐酸石灰若しくは硫酸マグネシウム4と反応して難溶性の塩を形成し、かくして、改良土1のアルカリ度は、緑化を行うのに十分な程度まで低下する。
【0024】
次に、このような化学反応が進行するのを待って、同図(b)に示すように斜面2に植物5を植栽し、緑化を行う。
【0025】
以上説明したように、本実施形態に係るアルカリ地盤の改良方法によれば、改良土1に含まれている水酸化カルシウムが過燐酸石灰、重過燐酸石灰若しくは硫酸マグネシウム3といった薬剤と反応して難溶性の塩を形成するので、改良土1を含む斜面2のアルカリ度が低下し、緑化に適した環境を作ることが可能となる。
【0026】
また、本実施形態によれば、薬剤として燐酸系若しくは硫酸系化学肥料を用いるようにしたので、入手が容易であるとともに、散布を行う作業員には特別な資格が必要とされない。また、散布時の安全性が高く、しかも過剰散布の場合の悪影響が少ない。
【0027】
また、本実施形態によれば、かかる化学肥料として、特に過燐酸石灰、重過燐酸石灰若しくは硫酸マグネシウムを使用するようにしたので、後述するように、電気伝導度ECをあまり上昇させることなく、pHを10程度に下げることが可能となり、ほとんどの植物を生育させる環境を作り出すことができる。
【0028】
図2は、本実施形態に係るアルカリ地盤の改良方法における作用効果を確認した実験の結果を示したグラフである。同グラフに示す実験は、過燐酸石灰、重過燐酸石灰、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸カリ苦土をそれぞれ改良土に添加してpHの低下状況を調べた結果であり、同グラフから、硫酸カリ苦土を除く上述の3つの薬剤については、単位容積当たりの添加量を2〜5重量%程度添加することによって、pHが10程度まで低下していることがわかる。
【0029】
また、同グラフ(b)に示す実験は、同じケースについて電気伝導度ECの増加状況を調べた結果であり、同グラフからは、上述した添加量の下では、電気伝導度ECが2ms/cm程度までしか上昇せず、植物の成長にはほとんど影響しないであろうことが考察される。
【0030】
これらのグラフから得られた結果の原因として、過燐酸石灰若しくは重過燐酸石灰の場合については、それらに含まれている燐酸成分と水酸化カルシウムとが
3PO4+Ca(OH)2 →CaHPO4+2H2
または
2H3PO4+3Ca(OH)2 →Ca3(PO4)2+6H2
という形で反応して、水酸化カルシウムが難溶性のCaHPO4あるいはCa3(PO4)2 と水に変化し、pHが低下したものと予想される。
【0031】
また、硫酸マグネシウムの場合については、
MgSO4 + Ca(OH)2 → Mg(OH)2 + CaSO4
という形で反応し、水酸化イオンが難溶性であるMg(OH)2に取り込まれることとなって、pHが低下したものと予想される。
【0032】
表1は、本実施形態に係るアルカリ地盤の改良方法における作用効果を実際の植物について確認した実験結果を示した表である。
【0033】
【表1】

Figure 0004003072
【0034】
同表に示す実験は、薬剤を添加しない場合をはじめ、過燐酸石灰、重過燐酸石灰、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸カリ苦土をそれぞれ添加した合計5ケースについてそれぞれ添加量を変化させてコマツナの生育状況を調べた結果であり、同表からは、過燐酸石灰、重過燐酸石灰及び硫酸マグネシウムを添加した改良土については、コマツナの生育状況について明らかな改善効果が見られる。なお、本実験では、改良土内のアルカリ成分が植物の成長にもっとも影響を与える結果となるよう、改良土の水分を飽和状態として行った。
【0035】
本実施形態では、堤体材に使用された改良土について本発明を適用した例を説明したが、本発明は、改良土の用途について限定するものではなく、堤体材以外にも盛土などにも適用することができることは言うまでもない。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明に係るアルカリ地盤の改良方法によれば、改良土のpHを低下させるとともに該改良土の電気伝導度ECの上昇を抑制することによって、ほとんどの植物を生育させる環境を作り出すことが可能となる。
【0037】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本実施形態に係るアルカリ地盤の改良方法の略図。
【図2】本実施形態に係るアルカリ地盤の改良方法の作用を示すグラフ。
【符号の説明】
1 改良土
4 過燐酸石灰、重過燐酸石灰若しくは硫酸マグネシウム(燐酸系若しくは硫酸系化学肥料、薬剤)[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for improving alkaline ground treated with cement, lime, etc. mainly for greening.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In foundation works such as cast-in-place piles and underground continuous walls or shield tunnel works, a large amount of construction mud is generated. In addition, in order to prevent water pollution, the sludge layer that causes it may be removed by dredging, but dredging mud is also generated in such dredging work.
[0003]
Conventionally, such generated soil is often disposed of as industrial waste after dehydration and pH treatment, but it can be said from the viewpoint of effective use of resources, environmental protection, or reduction of disposal costs. If possible, it should be reused as much as possible.
[0004]
Against this background, recently, cement-based materials or lime-based materials are added and mixed with the generated soil to improve the strength, and such improved soil is used as embankment material, slope forming material, construction material for impermeable walls or backfilling. It has been increasingly used effectively as a cavity filler.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-8-134444 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-8-157822 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-060155
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in places where such improved soil is used, it is said that it becomes an environment that is strongly alkaline and unsuitable for plant growth due to the addition of cement-based materials and lime-based materials, making it very difficult to green There was a problem.
[0007]
In addition, when greening is unavoidable, there is no way to think of a method of neutralizing by adding chemicals such as sulfuric acid, ferrous sulfate, sulfur flower, etc. The former method has a problem that it is too costly, and the latter method has a new problem that the drug is a dangerous substance, so that sufficient handling is required and a qualified person is required for the work. Arise. Further, in the latter method, it is difficult to add an appropriate amount, and there are many cases where it is excessively added and becomes acidic ground.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and is a method for improving an alkaline ground that can reliably perform greening even in a place where improved soil to which a cement-based material or a lime-based material is added is used. The purpose is to provide.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the alkaline ground improvement method of the present invention is difficult by reacting with calcium hydroxide contained in the improved soil treated with a cement-based material or a lime-based material as described in claim 1. A method for improving an alkaline ground, wherein a chemical that forms a soluble salt is added to the improved soil, thereby lowering the pH of the improved soil and suppressing an increase in electrical conductivity EC of the improved soil. The amount of the agent added is adjusted so that the pH of the soil is 10 or less and the electric conductivity EC is 2 mS / cm or less (the agent is magnesium sulfate, and the amount of addition per unit volume of the improved soil is Excluding the case of 2 to 5% by weight).
[0011]
Moreover, the improvement method of the alkaline ground of this invention uses the said chemical | medical agent as a phosphoric acid type or a sulfuric acid type chemical fertilizer.
[0012]
Moreover, the improvement method of the alkaline ground of this invention uses the said chemical | medical agent as lime superphosphate, lime heavy perphosphate, or magnesium sulfate.
[0013]
Moreover, the improvement method of the alkaline ground of this invention makes the addition amount of the said chemical | medical agent 2-5 weight% per unit volume of the said improved soil.
[0014]
In the method for improving alkaline ground according to the present invention, a chemical that forms a sparingly soluble salt by reacting with calcium hydroxide contained in the improved soil treated with a cement-based material or a lime-based material is added to the improved soil. As a result, the pH of the improved soil is lowered and an increase in the electrical conductivity EC of the improved soil is suppressed.
[0015]
In this way, the hydroxide ion of calcium hydroxide is taken into the sparingly soluble salt or converted to water, and the alkalinity of the improved soil is reduced to a level sufficient for greening and the electrical conductivity ( Since an increase in EC) is suppressed, an environment suitable for plant growth can be created.
[0016]
The addition amount of the chemical is adjusted so that the pH of the improved soil is 10 or less and the electrical conductivity EC is 2 mS / cm or less.
[0017]
As a method of adding the chemical, for example, the improved soil may be added to the improved soil before covering or using as a levee material, or the chemical may be sprayed after the covering soil or the dam body is constructed. If necessary, it may be appropriately cultivated and mixed with improved soil.
[0018]
The agent may be any agent that reacts with calcium hydroxide contained in the improved soil to form a poorly soluble salt, but if the agent is a phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid chemical fertilizer, Relatively easy to obtain, highly safe, and less affected by overspraying.
[0019]
In particular, it is desirable that the agent is lime perphosphate, lime heavy perphosphate or magnesium sulfate. In this case, when the amount of the agent added is 2 to 5% by weight per unit volume of the improved soil, an environment suitable for plant growth can be reliably created.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of a method for improving an alkaline ground according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that components that are substantially the same as those of the prior art are assigned the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
[0021]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a method for improving an alkaline ground according to the present embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, in the method for improving alkaline ground according to the present embodiment, first, as shown in the figure (a), the improved soil 1 treated with a cement-based material or a lime-based material is a dam body material. On the slope 2 used as a part of the liquid, chemicals, in particular, phosphoperphosphate, heavy perphosphate lime or magnesium sulfate 4 as a phosphate or sulfate chemical fertilizer is sprayed using a spray tube 3.
[0022]
Next, if necessary, the surface of the slope 2 is cultivated as appropriate, and these chemicals 4 and the improved soil 1 are mixed.
[0023]
In this way, the calcium hydroxide contained in the improved soil 1 reacts with lime perphosphate, lime heavy perphosphate, or magnesium sulfate 4 to form a hardly soluble salt, and thus the alkalinity of the improved soil 1. Is reduced to a degree sufficient for greening.
[0024]
Next, after waiting for such a chemical reaction to proceed, a plant 5 is planted on the slope 2 as shown in FIG.
[0025]
As described above, according to the method for improving an alkaline ground according to the present embodiment, calcium hydroxide contained in the improved soil 1 reacts with a chemical such as lime perphosphate, lime heavy superphosphate, or magnesium sulfate 3. Since the hardly soluble salt is formed, the alkalinity of the slope 2 including the improved soil 1 is lowered, and an environment suitable for greening can be created.
[0026]
Moreover, according to this embodiment, since the phosphoric acid type or sulfuric acid type chemical fertilizer was used as a chemical | medical agent, while obtaining easily, the special qualification is not required for the worker who sprays. Moreover, the safety at the time of spraying is high, and the adverse effects of excessive spraying are small.
[0027]
In addition, according to the present embodiment, since such a chemical fertilizer is used, in particular, lime superphosphate, lime heavy superphosphate or magnesium sulfate, without increasing the electrical conductivity EC so much as described later, The pH can be lowered to about 10, and an environment for growing most plants can be created.
[0028]
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of an experiment confirming the operational effects of the alkaline ground improvement method according to the present embodiment. The experiment shown in the graph is the result of investigating the decrease in pH by adding lime superphosphate, lime heavy superphosphate, magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate bitter soil to the improved soil. It can be seen that the pH is lowered to about 10 by adding about 2 to 5% by weight of the above-mentioned three drugs excluding.
[0029]
Further, the experiment shown in the graph (b) is a result of examining the increase state of the electrical conductivity EC for the same case. From the graph, the electrical conductivity EC is 2 ms / cm under the above-described addition amount. It is considered that it only rises to a degree and has little effect on plant growth.
[0030]
As a cause of the results obtained from these graphs, in the case of superphosphate or heavy superphosphate, the phosphoric acid component and calcium hydroxide contained therein are H 3 PO 4 + Ca (OH) 2 → CaHPO. 4 + 2H 2 O
Or 2H 3 PO 4 + 3Ca (OH) 2 → Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + 6H 2 O
It is expected that the pH of the calcium hydroxide is lowered due to the reaction in the form of calcium hydroxide being changed into poorly soluble CaHPO 4 or Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and water.
[0031]
In the case of magnesium sulfate,
MgSO 4 + Ca (OH) 2 → Mg (OH) 2 + CaSO 4
It is expected that the pH is lowered because the hydroxide ions are taken into Mg (OH) 2 which is hardly soluble.
[0032]
Table 1 is the table | surface which showed the experimental result which confirmed the effect in the improvement method of the alkaline ground which concerns on this embodiment about the actual plant.
[0033]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004003072
[0034]
The experiment shown in the table shows the growth of Komatsuna by changing the amount of addition for each of the total 5 cases in which no chemical was added and lime superphosphate, lime heavy perphosphate, magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate bitter earth were added. From the same table, it can be seen from the same table that the improved soil added with superphosphate, heavy superphosphate and magnesium sulfate has a clear improvement effect on the growth of Komatsuna. In this experiment, the moisture of the improved soil was saturated so that the alkaline component in the improved soil would most affect the growth of the plant.
[0035]
In the present embodiment, the example in which the present invention is applied to the improved soil used for the levee body material has been described, but the present invention is not limited to the use of the improved soil, and other than the dam body material, such as embankment It goes without saying that can also be applied.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the method for improving alkaline ground according to the present invention, the environment in which most plants are grown by lowering the pH of the improved soil and suppressing the increase in the electrical conductivity EC of the improved soil. Can be created.
[0037]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a method for improving an alkaline ground according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the operation of the alkaline ground improvement method according to the present embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 improved soil 4 Calcium superphosphate, lime heavy superphosphate or magnesium sulfate (phosphate or sulfate chemical fertilizer, chemical)

Claims (4)

セメント系材料もしくは石灰系材料で処理された改良土に含まれる水酸化カルシウムと反応することによって難溶性の塩を形成する薬剤を前記改良土に添加することで、前記改良土のpHを低下させるとともに該改良土の電気伝導度ECの上昇を抑制するアルカリ地盤の改良方法であって、前記改良土のpHが10以下でかつ電気伝導度ECが2mS/cm以下となるように前記薬剤の添加量を調整する(前記薬剤を硫酸マグネシウムとし、かつその添加量を前記改良土の単位容積当たり、2〜5重量%とする場合を除く)ことを特徴とするアルカリ地盤の改良方法。  The pH of the improved soil is lowered by adding an agent that forms a sparingly soluble salt by reacting with calcium hydroxide contained in the improved soil treated with a cement-based material or a lime-based material. A method for improving an alkaline ground that suppresses an increase in electrical conductivity EC of the improved soil, wherein the agent is added so that the pH of the improved soil is 10 or less and the electrical conductivity EC is 2 mS / cm or less. A method for improving an alkaline ground, wherein the amount is adjusted (except when the agent is magnesium sulfate and the amount added is 2 to 5% by weight per unit volume of the improved soil). 前記薬剤を燐酸系若しくは硫酸系化学肥料とする請求項1記載のアルカリ地盤の改良方法。  The method for improving an alkaline ground according to claim 1, wherein the chemical is a phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid chemical fertilizer. 前記薬剤を過燐酸石灰、重過燐酸石灰若しくは硫酸マグネシウムとする請求項2記載のアルカリ地盤の改良方法。  The method for improving an alkaline ground according to claim 2, wherein the chemical is lime perphosphate, lime heavy perphosphate or magnesium sulfate. 前記薬剤の添加量を前記改良土の単位容積当たり、2〜5重量%とする請求項3記載のアルカリ地盤の改良方法。  The method for improving an alkaline ground according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the chemical added is 2 to 5% by weight per unit volume of the improved soil.
JP2003154785A 2003-05-30 2003-05-30 Alkaline ground improvement method Expired - Fee Related JP4003072B2 (en)

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