JP3982877B2 - Drainage system and drainage method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a drainage system (or planting system) useful for planting an inclined surface such as a roof of a concrete building to produce a garden or a garden, and a drainage method using the drainage system.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to suppress heat islands in large cities and enhance aesthetics, it has been proposed to plant on the rooftops of concrete buildings and form a rooftop garden to rejuvenate. A roof garden is usually formed by waterproofing the roof of a concrete building and planting artificial soil (customer soil) on this waterproof surface. In such a roof garden (planting system), heat insulation can be imparted to the building by the soil layer and the planted trees, but the heat insulation varies depending on the amount and composition of the soil layer, the type and density of the trees. Arise. For this reason, as a method of heat insulation on the roof, an outer heat insulation method is generally employed in which the concrete body is waterproofed, foamed boards are provided, and the concrete mortar is used for pressing. However, in this method, not only the weight load of the mortar is large, but also the drainage property of water in soil and the root resistance against invasion of tree roots are inferior.
[0003]
It is also possible to lay the waterproof protection sheet directly on the concrete surface of the roof without applying mortar. However, not only is the cost high, but if the sheet is thin, there is a possibility of breakage due to concentrated load. Also, drainage and root resistance are not sufficient.
[0004]
Further, at least one waterproof root-resistant layer (for example, a laminated sheet, a thick polyethylene film, and the like, which is disposed in a waterproof layer formed on the concrete surface and prevents plant roots from entering or penetrating. A root-resistant layer composed of a combination of a non-woven fabric mat, a nonwoven fabric mat disposed on the waterproof root-resistant layer, and a plurality of recesses disposed on the nonwoven fabric mat and imparting water retention and drainage. Formed on the panel material, a non-woven fabric filter disposed on the panel material to prevent outflow of the soil, and on the non-woven fabric filter There has been proposed a planting system comprising a metal mesh for supporting plant roots in the soil and the soil (artificial soil). However, this system requires a large number of members, and the construction work becomes complicated.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a drainage (or planting) system and a drainage (or planting) method that can be applied easily and efficiently, have high heat insulating properties, waterproof properties, drainage properties, and can be reduced in weight. is there.
Another object of the present invention is drainage (or planting), which has high root resistance and is effective for forming artificial soil (such as a rooftop garden) by planting artificial soil on the rooftop of a concrete building. It is to provide a system and drainage (or planting) method.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a drainage (or planting) system and drainage (or planting) method that are useful for forming an artificial garden of a light and thin guest soil layer (artificial soil layer). There is.
[0006]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that a waterproofing surface of concrete is provided with a heat insulating material, a waterproof sheet that may be unevenly processed, a mesh body, and a mesh-like water-permeable hollow tube. The present invention has been completed by finding that when the combination is sequentially arranged and artificial soil is added, the heat insulating property, waterproof property and drainage property can be greatly improved and the weight can be reduced.
That is, the drainage system or planting system of the present invention is a system for draining water in the soil, and includes a heat insulating layer that can be disposed on the waterproof surface and a waterproof sheet that can be disposed on the heat insulating layer. A drainage system comprising: a water-permeable hollow tube that can be disposed on the waterproof sheet; and a net-like body interposed between the waterproof sheet and the water-permeable hollow tube. Has a concavo-convex portion composed of a convex portion on the front surface side and a concave portion on the back surface side , and a flow path is secured between the convex portion and the convex portion on the front surface side . The heat insulating layer can be composed of a hard foam having closed cells, and the waterproof sheet can be composed of, for example, an olefin-based resin sheet embossed so that a convex portion on the front surface side and a concave portion on the back surface side can be fitted to each other. . The water-permeable hollow tube may be a net or mesh-shaped hollow tube made of plastic.
In the drainage method or the construction method of the present invention, the water in the soil is obtained by sequentially disposing the heat-insulating layer, the waterproof sheet, the net-like body, and the water-permeable hollow tube on the waterproof surface. Spill.
Furthermore, the present invention also includes a planting method in which soil is placed after sequentially disposing a heat insulating layer, the waterproof sheet, a net-like body, and a water-permeable hollow tube on a waterproof surface.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings as necessary.
1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a roof garden constructed using the drainage system (or planting system) of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the waterproof sheet of FIG. 1, and FIG. It is a schematic perspective view of this water-permeable hollow tube.
In the example shown in FIG. 1, the drainage system and the planting system include a heat insulating material (heat insulating layer) 1 disposed on a waterproof layer of waterproofed concrete C, and a waterproof material disposed on the heat insulating material. A sheet 2, a net 9 disposed on the waterproof sheet, and a water-permeable hollow tube 10 disposed laterally on the net are provided.
[0008]
Examples of the heat insulating material (heat insulating layer) 1 include a fibrous heat insulating material (glass wool, rock wool, etc.), and a foam heat insulating material (foamed polystyrene resin, foamed polyurethane resin, foamed polypropylene, foamed polyethylene, etc.) Etc.). The heat insulating material may be a composite heat insulating material composed of different types of heat insulating layers. Preferable heat insulating materials include hard foams (for example, foamed polystyrene-based resin by extrusion foaming, bead foaming, hard foamed polyurethane-based resin, etc.), and foams having closed cells (particularly foamed polystyrene-based resin) are preferable. . The foam is usually used in the form of a board such as a foamed polystyrene board. As the rigid foam resin board, a foam having a compressive strength of 1 kg / cm ³ or more can be used when the compression strain is 5%.
[0009]
Examples of the polystyrene resin of the expanded polystyrene resin include polystyrene, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer, styrene- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer ( AS resin), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS resin), and the like.
[0010]
The thickness of the heat insulating material (particularly the foamed resin board) can be selected from a range of about 5 to 150 mm (preferably 10 to 100 mm, particularly 25 to 75 mm), for example, depending on the required heat insulating performance. Moreover, the density of a foamed resin board is 15-60 kg / m < ³ >, for example, Preferably it is about 25-45 kg / m < ³ >.
When using a plurality of heat insulating materials, the adjacent heat insulating materials may be capable of being fitted to each other at a fitting site such as an uneven fitting site.
[0011]
When the heat insulating material 1 is disposed on the waterproof surface, not only the heat insulating property against the concrete body can be improved, but also the damage of the waterproof layer can be greatly improved by the buffer property of the heat insulating material 1. In particular, it is not necessary to use a mortar, and the use of foam makes it possible to reduce the weight and reduce the load on the construction site such as the rooftop.
[0012]
The waterproof sheet 2 has flexibility, and is a soft resin, for example, an olefin resin (polyethylene such as high-density polyethylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, etc.), ethylene such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, etc. It can be formed from a base resin, a soft vinyl chloride resin, or the like. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the waterproof sheet 2 has uneven portions 3, 4, and 5 formed by embossing in order to not only ensure water retention and drainage but also improve root resistance. is doing. More specifically, the waterproof sheet 2 includes a circular concavo-convex portion 3 having a flat top portion, a circular concavo-convex portion 4 having a bulged top portion, and a circular concavo-convex portion 5 having a flat top portion and a small diameter, Of the concavo-convex portions 3, 4, and 5, the height of the convex portion on the front surface side and the depth of the concave portion on the back surface side are formed substantially the same. When a waterproof sheet having such uneven portions 3, 4, 5 is used, a channel for water retention or drainage can be secured between the uneven portions 3, 4, 5, and the roots of plants are bent by the uneven portions. Root resistance can be greatly improved.
[0013]
And in the said uneven | corrugated | grooved part 3 or 4, the convex part 3a or 4a of the surface side and the recessed part 3b or 4b of the back side are each formed so that fitting is possible. Therefore, in the overlapping part of two adjacent waterproof sheets 2, by fitting the uneven portions 3 or 4 to each other, it is possible to connect the waterproof sheet 2 in accordance with the width of the construction site. Moreover, in the overlapping part of the waterproof sheet 1, the lower end part of the upstream waterproof sheet is disposed so as to overlap the upper end part of the downstream waterproof sheet.
In order to improve waterproofness, the overlapping part of the adjacent waterproof sheet 2 is adhesively sealed with a soft adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive 6. Examples of the soft adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive include rubber adhesives such as butyl rubber and isoprene rubber, urethane adhesives, and the like.
[0014]
In particular, as shown in FIG. 2, the first fitting region 7a formed by the plurality of uneven portions 3 and 4 and the second fitting region 7b formed by the plurality of uneven portions 3 and 4 are bonded. It is preferable to use the waterproof sheet 2 adjacent through the region 8. When such a waterproof sheet is used, in the overlapping portion of the two waterproof sheets 2 and 2, the concave and convex portions 3 and 4 are respectively fitted in the first fitting area 7 a and the second fitting area 7 b and bonded. The region 8 can be sealed with a soft adhesive 6. Therefore, even if a plurality of waterproof sheets are connected and used, high waterproofness and root resistance can be secured.
[0015]
In addition, at least the peripheral part of the waterproof sheet 2 is adhesively sealed to the surface of the concrete C with the same soft adhesive as described above in order to ensure sealing performance.
[0016]
The shape of the uneven portion of the waterproof sheet is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a plane polygon (triangle, quadrangle, hexagon, etc.), a plane ellipse, and the like. It may be curved as well as out. The size of the concavo-convex portion can also be selected appropriately, and can be selected from a range of, for example, an average diameter of about 5 to 30 mm (particularly 10 to 25 mm) and a height of about 3 to 20 mm (particularly 5 to 15 mm). In the plurality of concave and convex portions, the height of the convex portion and the depth of the concave portion may be the same or different.
Furthermore, in the waterproof sheet, the convex portion on the front surface side and the concave portion on the back surface side are not necessarily fitable, and the waterproof sheet only needs to have a convex portion and / or a convex portion on at least the front surface side.
In addition, the thickness of a waterproof sheet can be selected from the range which does not impair waterproofness, root resistance, etc., for example, 0.1-5 mm (for example, 0.1-3 mm), especially about 0.2-1 mm. Compressive strength of the waterproof sheet having a concavo-convex portion is, for example, 100~1000KN / m ² (e.g., 100~500KN / m ^2), in particular 200~500KN / m ² approximately. The water retention amount of the waterproof sheet can be adjusted by the density and size of the uneven portions, and is usually about 1 to 10 L / m ² (preferably 3 to 8, particularly 5 to 8 L / m ² ). Furthermore, the sound reduction is, for example, about 1 to 50 db, preferably about 5 to 20 db at a frequency of 500 Hz. The waterproof sheet may be colored.
[0017]
As the net 9 on the waterproof sheet 2, any net can be used as long as it functions as a support for plant roots. Examples of the network 9 include plastics (polyethylene such as high-density polyethylene, olefinic resins such as ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-based resins such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), metal (stainless steel, etc.). Examples thereof include a mesh body or a net body formed with high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and durability.
The thickness of the mesh body can be selected within a range that does not impair the mechanical strength, workability, and the like. For a plastic mesh body, the thickness can be selected from a range of, for example, about 2 to 10 mm, particularly about 3 to 10 mm. Moreover, the open area ratio of a mesh body can be selected from the range of about 50 to 95%, preferably about 60 to 90%, for example, and may be about 50 to 80% for a plastic mesh body. Further, the breaking strength of the mesh body is, for example, 10 kgf or more (for example, 10 to 50 kgf for a plastic mesh body), particularly 20 kgf or more (for example, 20 to 50 kgf for a plastic mesh body).
[0018]
The water-permeable hollow tube 10 has a cylindrical cross-section, and flows out excess water in the soil (customer soil) 14, so that the opening end surface is oriented in the lateral direction (that is, the axial direction is substantially the construction surface). Embedded in the soil 14 (towards parallel). In this example, the water-permeable hollow tube 10 has a net-like or mesh-like opening 11 formed of plastic (olefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polystyrene resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, etc.). It is a hollow tube, and water can be discharged through the opening 11 and the hollow portion while restricting passage of the soil 14.
The opening diameter of the water-permeable hollow tube 10 can be selected from a range of, for example, an average pore diameter of 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably about 0.2 to 5 mm, depending on the inflow efficiency of surplus water in the soil 14. The aperture ratio of the aqueous hollow tube 10 is, for example, about 10% or more (10 to 70%), preferably about 25 to 50%.
[0019]
The inner diameter of the water-permeable hollow tube 10 can be selected from a range of, for example, about 10 to 200 mm (for example, 20 to 100 mm), preferably about 30 to 100 mm. The length of the water-permeable hollow tube 10 can be selected according to the length and width of the construction site, and can be selected from a range of about 50 cm to 50 m (for example, 1 to 20 mm in the case of a rooftop garden or the like).
[0020]
The material of the water-permeable hollow tube is not limited to plastic but may be metal or ceramics. Further, the opening of the water-permeable hollow tube is not limited to a net or mesh shape, and may be a punching hole or a fine hole having an appropriate shape such as a circle. Furthermore, the water-permeable hollow tube may be composed of a net-like or mesh-like hollow body and a water-permeable sheet (nonwoven fabric or the like) disposed on the inner surface or the outer surface of the hollow body. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the water-permeable hollow tube is not limited to a cylindrical shape, but may be a polygonal shape (triangle or octagonal shape), an elliptical shape, or an irregular shape (such as a bowl shape or a star shape).
[0021]
A plurality of water-permeable hollow tubes may be arranged in parallel or intersecting in the soil of the construction site. The arrangement form of the water-permeable hollow tube is not particularly limited, and may be arranged at predetermined intervals, may be arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions or in an oblique direction, or may be arranged in a multilayered manner by polymerization. Good. Furthermore, the plurality of water-permeable hollow tubes may be connected or bound over the whole or a part thereof by connecting means (strings, hook members, etc.).
[0022]
When the water-permeable hollow tube 10 having such a structure is disposed at the construction site and the soil 14 is inserted, surplus water in the soil 14 caused by rain or water spray is hollowed through the opening 11 of the water-permeable hollow tube 10. Since it flows into a part, excess water can be drained efficiently. Therefore, even if a rooftop garden is formed on the waterproof surface, it is well drained, prevents root decay of trees, etc., and is combined with a waterproof sheet 2 with high water retention, water collection / drainage and root resistance. Water supply and air supply can be performed effectively, and a landscape by planting can be maintained for a long period of time.
[0023]
Furthermore, in this example, in order to make it possible to plant a high tree even in a thin soil layer, at least a water-permeable sheet 12 is provided between the waterproof sheet 2 and the water-permeable hollow tube 10 extending in the lateral direction. It may be partially interposed. The water-permeable sheet 12 is disposed at least near the tree. A rope (falling prevention rope) 13 that penetrates the water-permeable sheet 12 and is locked or connected to the mesh body 9 is connected to a tree. Since the weight of the wide water-permeable hollow tube 10 and the soil 14 acts on such a water-permeable sheet 12, it resists greatly with respect to the inclination of a tree, and can prevent the fall and inclination of a tree effectively.
[0024]
As the water-permeable sheet, for example, a nonwoven fabric can be used. The size of the water-permeable sheet can be selected according to the size of trees and plants, the thickness of the soil layer, etc., for example, 0.1 to 30 m ² as a unit, preferably about 0.2 to ²⁰ m ^2. You can choose from a range of
The water-permeable sheet only needs to be at least partially interposed between the waterproof sheet and the water-permeable hollow tube, and may be laid and interposed throughout.
[0025]
A drain means 15 is attached to the downstream side (collection area) of the concrete C for collecting and draining water. This drain means 15 is wound around the outer periphery of the hollow cylinder through a hollow cylinder whose side wall is formed in the form of a slit or mesh, and if necessary, a corrosion-resistant net or mesh. And a bottom portion of the hollow cylinder communicates with the drainage channel.
[0026]
The drainage system and the planting system of the present invention may be composed of at least the heat insulating material, the waterproof sheet and the water-permeable hollow tube, and the net-like body and the water-permeable sheet are not necessarily required. In the system of the present invention, another waterproof sheet (for example, a flat waterproof sheet) may be used instead of the waterproof sheet having the concavo-convex portion, and a water-permeable sheet (nonwoven fabric) may be used instead of the net-like body. Etc.) may be used.
Further, if necessary, a water-permeable sheet (nonwoven fabric or the like) may be disposed between the heat insulating layer and the waterproof sheet, and a water-permeable sheet may be disposed on the water-permeable hollow tube. Good.
As the soil 14, it is advantageous to use artificial soil in order to reduce the weight and to make a low load system. As the artificial soil, for example, coarse particles such as pearlite may be used in the lower layer, and lightweight artificial soil (such as porous lightweight artificial soil) may be used.
Further, in order to prevent the soil layer from drying, an automatic or manual watering system may be attached to the system of the present invention. This watering system is useful for a system for forming a soil layer that is thin and easy to dry.
[0027]
In the method of the present invention, the heat insulating layer 1, the waterproof sheet 2, and the water-permeable hollow tube 10 are sequentially disposed on the waterproof processing surface on the roof of a concrete building or the like, and soil (especially artificial soil) 14 It is constructed by being buried inside. If necessary, may be laid meshwork 9 between the waterproof sheet 2 and the water-permeable hollow tube 10, the water permeability sheet 12 between the mesh-like body 9 and the water-permeable hollow tube 10 distribution You may set up. Such a construction method can efficiently drain excess water in the soil and is useful as a planting method.
[0028]
In the drainage system of the present invention, heat insulation, waterproofness, water retention and water collection / drainage are high, and water supply and air supply can be effectively performed. Moreover, when the waterproof sheet which has an uneven | corrugated | grooved part is used, in addition to waterproofness, root resistance can be improved significantly. Therefore, the drainage system of the present invention can be applied to both a flat surface and an inclined surface (for example, an inclined surface having an angle of about 3 to 60 ° (particularly 5 to 30 °)).
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is useful for various types of greening such as amenity spaces in hospitals, public facilities, etc. in addition to buildings, rooftops of buildings, verandas, and the like.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, a simple operation of disposing the heat insulating layer, the waterproof sheet, and the water-permeable hollow tube can efficiently provide a drainage system or a planting system that has high heat insulating properties, waterproof properties, drainage properties, and can be reduced in weight. Can be constructed. It is also possible to reduce the thickness of the customer soil layer (soil layer). Furthermore , when a waterproof sheet having an uneven portion is used, root resistance can be greatly improved even when planted. Therefore, it is effective to form artificial gardens (such as rooftop gardens) by putting customer soil (artificial soil) on the rooftops of concrete buildings and planting them.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rooftop garden constructed using the drainage system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the waterproof sheet of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the water-permeable hollow tube of FIG. 1;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Heat insulating material 2 ... Waterproof sheet 3, 4 ... Uneven part 9 ... Reticulated body 10 ... Water-permeable hollow tube 11 ... Opening part 12 ... Water-permeable sheet 13 ... Rope 14 ... Soil

Claims (7)

  A system for draining water in soil, a heat insulating layer that can be disposed on a waterproof surface, a waterproof sheet that can be disposed on the heat insulating layer, and a water permeability that can be disposed on the waterproof sheet A drainage system composed of a hollow tube and a net-like body interposed between the waterproof sheet and the water-permeable hollow tube, wherein the waterproof sheet includes a convex portion on the front surface side and a concave portion on the back surface side. A drainage system having a configured concavo-convex portion and having a flow path secured between a convex portion and a convex portion on the surface side.   The drainage system according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating layer is formed of a hard foam having closed cells.   The drainage system according to claim 1, wherein the waterproof sheet having the concavo-convex portion is an olefin-based resin sheet embossed so that the convex portion on the front surface side and the concave portion on the back surface side can be fitted to each other.   The drainage system according to claim 1, wherein the water-permeable hollow tube is a net or mesh-shaped hollow tube made of plastic.   It is a system for draining water in soil on a waterproof surface of concrete, and has a foamed polystyrene board on the waterproof surface of concrete, and an uneven portion that can be fitted with a convex portion on the front side and a concave portion on the back side. The drainage system according to claim 1, wherein the waterproof sheet, the net-like body, and the water-permeable hollow tube whose opening end face faces in the lateral direction are sequentially arranged and embedded in the soil. The waterproofing surfaces, the heat insulating layer, waterproof sheets, are sequentially arranged mesh-like body, and a water-permeable hollow tube, a drainage method for outflow of water in the soil, as the waterproof sheet, and the convex portions of the surface A drainage method using a sheet having a concavo-convex portion constituted by a concave portion on the back surface side and having a flow path secured between the convex portion and the convex portion on the front surface side . The waterproofing surfaces, the heat insulating layer, waterproof sheet, mesh-like body, and after sequentially disposed water-permeable hollow tube, a planting method to put the soil, as the waterproof sheet, the convex portion of the front and rear The planting method using the sheet | seat which has the uneven | corrugated | grooved part comprised by the recessed part of the side, and the flow path was ensured between the convex part and convex part of the surface side .

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