JP3977470B2 - Amphiphilic chitosan derivative and skin external preparation containing the same - Google Patents

Amphiphilic chitosan derivative and skin external preparation containing the same Download PDF

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JP3977470B2
JP3977470B2 JP35485496A JP35485496A JP3977470B2 JP 3977470 B2 JP3977470 B2 JP 3977470B2 JP 35485496 A JP35485496 A JP 35485496A JP 35485496 A JP35485496 A JP 35485496A JP 3977470 B2 JP3977470 B2 JP 3977470B2
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sugar
chitosan
chitosan derivative
amphiphilic
skin
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JPH10182332A (en
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泰三 関
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Noevir Co Ltd
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Noevir Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、両親媒性を有し、乳化剤として有用な両親媒性キトサン誘導体、及びそれらの1種又は2種以上を含有して成る、保湿性,抗菌性及び安定性に優れる皮膚外用剤に関する。さらに詳しくは、キトサン又は部分脱アセチル化キチンのアミノ基にN-アシルアミノ糖,N-アルキルアミノ糖,N-アルケニルアミノ糖又は糖エステルを導入して成る両親媒性キトサン誘導体、及びこれらの1種又は2種以上を含有する皮膚外用剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
キトサンは、甲殻類や節足動物の甲殻,腱等に豊富に存在するキチンを脱アセチル化して得られる、アミノ基を含有する多糖類である。キトサンについては、抗菌性を有することが知られており、抗菌剤としての利用が開示されている(特公平1−56755)。また、う蝕や歯槽膿漏等の防止効果を目的とした口腔用組成物への応用(特公平3−15604,同7−72123)も提案されている。その他、毛髪用組成物や浴用剤への応用もなされている(特公平4−60570,同4−53844,同7−68114)。
【0003】
一方、種々のキトサン誘導体が合成され、ヒドロキシプロピル基,ヒドロキシブチル基,アルキルヒドロキシプロピル基等を導入したもの(特公平4−17928,同6−67966)や、4級化キトサン誘導体(特公平6−27121,同6−67965)の毛髪或いは皮膚用組成物への応用が知られている。
【0004】
さらには、乳化剤としての利用も検討され、キトサン又はキトサングリコール誘導体を用いた乳化組成物も開示されている(特公平4−5489)。また、キトサンのアミノ基に還元糖を導入して成る誘導体について、増粘剤及びゲル化剤としての利用が検討されており、皮膚化粧料,皮膚洗浄料,毛髪用洗浄料に応用されている(特開平2−133401,同2−134308,同2−134310,同2−134312)。
【0005】
しかしながら、キトサンはそのままでは水溶性に乏しく、また種々の誘導体が合成されているが、それらの多くは水溶性又は親油性を付与したり、陽電荷を付与するものであり、皮膚外用剤において安定な乳化物を得るのに十分な両親媒性を有するキトサン誘導体は知られていない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで本発明においては、十分な両親媒性を有し、皮膚外用剤において分散安定化剤又は乳化剤として好適に使用でき、安全で抗菌性及び保湿性も期待できる新規な両親媒性キトサン誘導体を得ること、及びその利用により、安定性及び安全性が高く、良好な抗菌性及び保湿性を有する皮膚外用剤を得ることを目的とした。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するため、本発明においては、キトサン又は部分脱アセチル化キチンのアミノ基に親油性基を有する糖類を導入することを試みた。その結果、本発明の目的に適う両親媒性キトサン誘導体を得ることができた。
【0008】
すなわち本発明における両親媒性キトサン誘導体は、N-アシルアミノ糖,N-アルキルアミノ糖,N-アルケニルアミノ糖又は糖エステルを、キトサン又は部分脱アセチル化キチンのアミノ基に導入して成り、それぞれ次の式で表される。
(RCO-NH-X-NH)n-Y
(R-NH-X-NH)n-Y
(RCO-X-NH)n-Y
(式中Rは炭素数2〜22のアルキル又はアルケニル基,Xは糖,Yはキトサン又は部分脱アセチル化キチン,nは1以上の整数を示す)
【0009】
そして、本発明に係る皮膚外用剤は、上記の両親媒性キトサン誘導体より選択された1種又は2種以上を含有して成る。
【0010】
【作用】
本発明に係る両親媒性キトサン誘導体は、高い水溶性と親油性を示し、油性物質の可溶化能に優れ、乳化安定化剤として有用である。また、皮膚親和性が高く且つ低刺激性で、さらに高分子であるため経皮吸収性が低く、皮膚に対する一次刺激反応,感作反応を示さない。さらに良好な抗菌性,保湿性を有する。
【0011】
そして、本発明に係る両親媒性キトサン誘導体の1種又は2種以上を含有して成る皮膚外用剤は、安定性及び安全性に優れ、良好な抗菌性,皮膚親和性及び保湿性を有する。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、両親媒性キトサン誘導体を調製するのに用いるキトサンは、キチンを脱アセチル化して得られる。また完全に脱アセチル化して得られるキトサンの他、脱アセチル化度が45%以上の部分脱アセチル化キチンをも用いることができる。これらキトサン又は部分脱アセチル化キチンとしては、分子量1,000〜1,000,000程度のものが物性等の面で好適である。
【0013】
本発明においてキトサン等に導入するN-アシルアミノ糖を調製するのに用いるアミノ糖としては、D-グリセルアルデヒドといったアルドトリオース、D-エリスロース,D-トレオース等のアルドテトロース、D-及びL-アラビノース,D-キシロース,D-リキソース,D-リボース等のアルドペントース、D-グルコース,D-及びL-ガラクトース,D-マンノース,D-タロース等のアルドヘキソース、ジヒドロキシアセトンといったケトトリオース、D-及びL-エリスロロースといったケトテトロース、D-及びL-リブロース,D-及びL-キシルロースといったケトペントース、D-フルクトース,D-プシコース,L-ソルボース,D-タガトース等のケトヘキソース、セドヘプツロース等のケトヘプトースといった単糖類及びこれらの誘導体のアミノ化生成物、前記単糖類及びその誘導体のアミノ化生成物より成る二糖類,三糖類といったオリゴ糖類、前記単糖類及びその誘導体のアミノ化生成物を1種以上含む二糖類,三糖類といったオリゴ糖類などで、還元性を有するものが使用される。
【0014】
たとえば、D-グルコサミン,D-ガラクトサミン,3-アミノ-3-デオキシ-D-リボース,カノサミン,D-グロサミン,D-タロサミン,ノイモサミン,D-フコサミン,L-フコサミン,D-マンノサミン,ミコサミン,D-ムラミン酸,D-ガラクトサミヌロン酸,D-グルコサミヌロン酸,D-マンノサミヌロン酸,ノイラミン酸,キトビオース,キトトリオース,ヒアロビオウロン酸,ヘパロシン,コンドロシン,ラクトサミン,ラクトビオース,ラクトトリオース,ラクトテトラオース,ラクトフコペンタオース等が挙げられる。
【0015】
上記アミノ糖のアミノ基に導入するアシル基としては、プロピオニル,ブチリル,ペンタノイル(バレリル),オクタノイル,デカノイル,ヘキサデカノイル(パルミトイル),オクタデカノイル(ステアロイル),エイコサノイル,ドコサノイル,トリコサノイル等の炭素数3〜23の直鎖アルキロイル基、イソプロピオニル,イソブチリル,イソペンタノイル,イソパルミトイル,イソステアロイル等の炭素数3〜23の分岐鎖を有するアルキロイル基、プロペノイル,ヘキセノイル,デセノイル,ウンデセノイル,オレオイル等の炭素数3〜23のアルケノイル基が、アルキル基としては、エチル,プロピル,ブチル,オクチル,デシル,ドデシル(ラウリル),テトラデシル(ミリスチル),ヘプタデシル(パルミチル),オクタデシル(ステアリル),エイコシル,ドコセニル(ベヘニル),イソプロピル,イソブチル,イソパルミチル,イソステアリル等の炭素数2〜22の直鎖又は分岐鎖アルキル基が、アルケニル基としては、エテニル(ビニル),プロペニル,ブテニル,オクテニル,デセニル,オクタデセニル(オレイル),ドコセニル等の炭素数2〜22のアルケニル基が挙げられる。
【0016】
アミノ糖のアミノ基へのアシル基の導入は、酸塩化物,酸無水物等のアシル化試薬を用いて行うことができ、アルキル基及びアルケニル基の導入は、シアノ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム等の還元剤の存在下に、アルデヒドと反応させることにより容易に行うことができる。
【0017】
また、本発明においてキトサン等に導入する糖エステルとしては、D-グリセルアルデヒドといったアルドトリオース、D-エリスロース,D-トレオース等のアルドテトロース、D-及びL-アラビノース,D-キシロース,D-リキソース,D-リボース等のアルドペントース、D-グルコース,D-及びL-ガラクトース,D-マンノース,D-タロース,L-ラムノース等のアルドヘキソース、ジヒドロキシアセトンといったケトトリオース、D-及びL-エリスロロースといったケトテトロース、D-及びL-リブロース,D-及びL-キシルロースといったケトペントース、D-フルクトース,D-プシコース,L-ソルボース,D-タガトース等のケトヘキソース、セドヘプツロース等のケトヘプトース、D-アピオース,D-ハマメロース等の分枝糖類といった単糖類、キシロビオース,キシロトリオース,キシロテトラオース,キシロペンタオース,アガロビオース,カラビオース,マルトース,マルトトリオース,マルトテトラオース,マルトペンタオース,マルトヘキサオース,ソホロース,ソホロトリオース,セロビオース,セロトリオース,セロテトラオース,マンノビオース,マンノトリオース,イヌロビオース,イヌロトリオース,ラクトース,マルツロース,ラクツロース等のホモ又はヘテロオリゴ糖で還元性を有するものと、炭素数3〜23の直鎖又は分岐鎖飽和もしくは不飽和脂肪酸とのエステルを用いることができる。
【0018】
かかる糖エステルは、アノメリック炭素上の水酸基をベンジル基等で保護した後、酸塩化物,酸無水物等を用いてエステル化する方法や、エステル交換法等により合成することができる。
【0019】
本発明においては、上記したN-アシル,N-アルキル又はN-アルケニルアミノ糖、或いは糖エステルをキトサン又は部分脱アセチル化キチンの遊離アミノ基に導入する。これらN-アシルアミノ糖,N-アルキルアミノ糖,N-アルケニルアミノ糖及び糖エステルは還元性を有し、シアノ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム等の還元剤の存在下に、一段階でキトサン等に導入することができる。キトサン又は部分脱アセチル化キチンに対するこれら還元糖の導入は、置換度が0.1〜1.0の範囲で行うことができる。導入する糖鎖の種類,長さ、アシル,アルキル又はアルケニル基の鎖長及びキトサン等における置換度により、両親媒性キトサン誘導体の親水性及び親油性(HLB値),増粘性,レオロジー的挙動等を制御できる。
【0020】
また本発明においては、上記のようにして調製される両親媒性キトサン誘導体より選択される1種又は2種以上を含有させ、皮膚外用剤とする。本発明は、油性成分や粉体等の不溶性成分、難溶性成分を乳化或いは分散して成る皮膚外用剤、又は適度な粘性を必要とする皮膚外用剤に好適に応用でき、ローション剤,乳剤,ゲル剤,クリーム剤,軟膏剤等の剤型で提供し得る。さらに、化粧水,乳液,ゲル,クリーム,パック等の皮膚用化粧料、メイクアップベースローション又はクリーム,乳液状又はクリーム状ファンデーション,乳化型アイカラー,乳化型チークカラー,乳化型口紅等のメイクアップ化粧料、ヘアーシャンプー,ヘアーリンス,ヘアートリートメント等の毛髪用化粧料,クレンジングローション,ゲル,クリーム等の洗浄用化粧料などの形態で提供することができる。かかる皮膚外用剤への両親媒性キトサン誘導体の配合量としては、0.01〜10.0重量%程度が適当である。
【0021】
なお、本発明に係る皮膚外用剤には、補助的に他の界面活性剤や分散安定化剤、水溶性高分子化合物等の増粘剤を含有させることもできる。その他、油脂類,ロウ類,炭化水素類,脂肪酸類,低級アルコール類,高級アルコール類,多価アルコール類,エステル類,皮膚細胞賦活剤,抗炎症剤,抗酸化剤,美白剤,保湿剤,紫外線吸収剤,防腐防黴剤,香料等、通常皮膚外用剤に用いられる成分を含有させることができる。
【0022】
【実施例】
さらに本発明について、実施例により詳細に説明する。
【0023】
本発明に係る両親媒性キトサン誘導体として、実施例1〜実施例10を調製した。主鎖として用いたキトサン類,導入した糖鎖及び置換度について、表1に示した。なお、表1中のキトサンとしては、分子量10,000程度のものを、部分脱アセチル化キチンとしては、分子量30,000程度のキチンを脱アセチル化したものを用いた。これらは、1容量%の酢酸・メタノール1:1混合溶液中において、シアノ水素化ホウ素ナトリウムの存在下に、室温で48時間〜144時間反応させて生成させた。これら両親媒性キトサン誘導体の化学構造の一例として、実施例1について化学式1に示した。
【表1】

Figure 0003977470
【化1】
Figure 0003977470
(化学式1中、m及びnは1以上の整数で、m+n=60〜65,n/(m+n)=0.68である。)
【0024】
表1に示した実施例1〜実施例10について、各1.0重量%水溶液の25℃における粘度をブルックフィールド型粘度計により測定した。また、実施例1〜実施例10のそれぞれについて1.0重量%と、流動パラフィン25.0重量%及び精製水74.0重量%を含有する乳化組成物を調製し、−5℃,25℃及び50℃で3カ月間保存した際の状態変化を観察した。結果は、「○;良好な乳化物が得られ、保存期間中状態の変化が見られない」,「△;乳化物は得られたが、保存期間中に若干の分離等の状態変化が見られた」,「×;乳化物が得られない、或いは保存期間中の分離等の状態変化が著しい」として表した。なお、本発明の実施例の替わりにキトサン塩酸塩を用いた比較例についても、同時に前記測定及び評価を行った。結果は表2に示した。
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0003977470
表2において明らかなように、表1に示す本発明の実施例1〜実施例10の水溶液はいずれも良好な増粘性を示し、また良好な両親媒性を有しており、流動パラフィンを安定に乳化することができた。これに対し、本発明に係る両親媒性キトサン誘導体の替わりにキトサン塩酸塩を用いた比較例では、増粘効果は認められるものの、流動パラフィンの乳化安定化作用は十分ではなく、−5℃及び50℃に保存した場合は著しい分離を呈した。
【0026】
次に、本発明に係る皮膚外用剤について、実施例の処方を示す。
【0027】
[実施例11] 皮膚用ローション剤
(1)エタノール 5.00(重量%)
(2)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例3) 1.00
(3)クエン酸 0.05
(4)精製水 93.95
製法:(1)〜(3)を順次(4)に添加し、均一に溶解させる。
【0028】
[実施例12] 皮膚用乳剤
(1)セタノール 1.50(重量%)
(2)ワセリン 3.00
(3)流動パラフィン 7.00
(4)酢酸トコフェロール 1.00
(5)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例2) 0.60
(6)グリセリン 5.00
(7)パラオキシ安息香酸メチル 0.05
(8)精製水 81.85
製法:(1)〜(4)の油相成分を混合,加熱して均一に溶解し、70℃に保つ。一方、(5)〜(8)の水相成分を混合,加熱して均一とし、70℃とする。この水相成分に前記油相成分を攪拌しながら徐々に添加して乳化し、冷却する。
【0029】
[実施例13] 皮膚用ゲル剤
(1)ジプロピレングリコール 10.00(重量%)
(2)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例1) 1.50
(3)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例5) 0.50
(4)乳酸 0.50
(5)パラオキシ安息香酸メチル 0.02
(6)精製水 87.48
製法:(6)に(2),(3)を均一に溶解させた後、(4)を加え、さらに(1)に(5)を溶解させて添加する。
【0030】
[実施例14] 皮膚用クリーム
(1)ミツロウ 6.00(重量%)
(2)セタノール 5.00
(3)還元ラノリン 8.00
(4)スクワラン 27.50
(5)グリセリル脂肪酸エステル 4.00
(6)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例4) 2.00
(7)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例6) 2.00
(8)1,3-ブチレングリコール 5.00
(9)2-ヒドロキシ酢酸 0.20
(10)パラオキシ安息香酸メチル 0.01
(11)精製水 40.29
製法:(1)〜(5)の油相成分を混合,溶解して75℃に加熱する。一方、(6)〜(11)の水相成分を混合,溶解して75℃に加熱する。次いで、上記水相成分に油相成分を添加して予備乳化した後、ホモミキサーにて均一に乳化し、冷却する。
【0031】
[実施例15] 水中油型乳剤性軟膏
(1)白色ワセリン 25.0(重量%)
(2)ステアリルアルコール 25.0
(3)グリセリン 12.0
(4)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例7) 1.5
(5)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例9) 2.0
(6)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例10) 2.0
(7)精製水 32.0
(8)グリチルリチン酸ジカリウム 0.5
製法:(1),(2)の油相成分を混合,加熱して均一に溶解し、75℃に保つ。一方、(3)〜(7)の水相成分を混合,加熱して均一とし、75℃とする。この水相成分に前記油相成分を攪拌しながら徐々に添加して乳化し、冷却後40℃にて(8)を添加,溶解する。
【0032】
[実施例16] 美容液
(1)エタノール 10.00(重量%)
(2)プロピレングリコール 4.00
(3)1,3-ブチレングリコール 2.00
(4)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例8) 0.80
(5)コハク酸 0.50
(6)パラオキシ安息香酸メチル 0.02
(7)香料 0.10
(8)精製水 82.58
製法:(8)に(4),(5)を添加し均一として十分増粘させた後、(1)〜(3)に(6),(7)を溶解して添加,混合する。
【0033】
[実施例17] ゼリー状パック剤
(1)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例2) 1.00(重量%)
(2)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例7) 1.00
(3)グリセリン 5.00
(4)エタノール 5.00
(5)パラオキシ安息香酸メチル 0.02
(6)香料 0.10
(7)精製水 87.88
製法:(7)に(1),(2)を加えて溶解し、増粘させる。これに、(5),(6)を(3),(4)に溶解して添加,混合する。
【0034】
[実施例18] クレンジングローション
(1)グリセリン 2.00(重量%)
(2)プロピレングリコール 6.00
(3)ジプロピレングリコール 2.00
(4)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例10) 1.20
(5)ポリオキシエチレン(20E.O.)ソルビタン 0.50
モノオレイン酸エステル
(6)エタノール 10.00
(7)パラオキシ安息香酸メチル 0.02
(8)香料 0.10
(9)精製水 78.18
製法:(1)〜(5)を順次(9)に添加して溶解,均一化し、これに(7),(8)を(6)に溶解させて添加,混合する。
【0035】
[実施例19] メイクアップベースクリーム
(1)スクワラン 12.0(重量%)
(2)セタノール 2.0
(3)自己乳化型グリセリルモノステアリン酸エステル 2.0
(4)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例3) 1.0
(5)プロピレングリコール 3.0
(6)グリセリン 3.0
(7)精製水 75.4
(8)香料 0.1
(9)二酸化チタン 1.0
(10)ベンガラ 0.1
(11)黄酸化鉄 0.4
製法:(4)を(7)に溶解し、これに(9)〜(11)を(5)及び(6)で練って添加,混合し、70℃に加熱する。一方、(1)〜(3)の油相成分を混合,加熱して70℃とし、これを前記水相に攪拌しながら添加して乳化する。乳化後冷却して40℃にて(8)を添加,混合する。
【0036】
[実施例20] 乳液状ファンデーション
(1)ホホバ油 2.40(重量%)
(2)モノステアリン酸プロピレングリコール 2.00
(3)セトステアリルアルコール 0.20
(4)液状ラノリン 2.00
(5)流動パラフィン 3.00
(6)ミリスチン酸イソプロピル 8.50
(7)グリセリルモノステアリルエーテル 3.50
(8)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例5) 1.20
(9)ベントナイト 0.50
(10)イソプレングリコール 4.00
(11)パラオキシ安息香酸メチル 0.02
(12)精製水 54.58
(13)香料 0.10
(14)酸化チタン 8.00
(15)タルク 4.00
(16)ベンガラ 3.00
(17)黄酸化鉄 2.50
(18)黒酸化鉄 0.50
製法:(14)〜(18)の顔料を混合後、粉砕機により粉砕する。(12)を70℃に加熱し、(9)を加えてよく膨潤させ、これに(8)を加え、さらに(10),(11)を添加し、溶解させる。(1)〜(7)の油相は混合し、加熱,融解して80℃とする。前記顔料を水相に攪拌しながら加え、コロイドミルを通して75℃とし、前記油相を攪拌しながら加えて乳化し、冷却後40℃にて(13)を添加する。
【0037】
[実施例21] ヘアーシャンプー
(1)アルキルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム 15.00(重量%)
(2)ヤシ油脂肪酸ジエタノールアミド 2.00
(3)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例4) 1.50
(4)パラオキシ安息香酸メチル 0.10
(5)青色1号1.0重量%水溶液 0.01
(6)香料 0.10
(7)精製水 81.29
製法:(1)〜(6)を順次(7)に添加し、均一に混合,溶解させる。
【0038】
[実施例22] ヘアーリンス
(1)セタノール 2.00(重量%)
(2)塩化ステアリルトリメチルアンモニウム 2.00
(3)シリコーン油 3.00
(4)両親媒性キトサン誘導体(実施例9) 0.50
(5)グリセリン 5.00
(6)緑色3号1.0重量%水液 0.01
(7)香料 0.10
(8)精製水 87.39
製法:(8)に(4)〜(6)を加え、70℃に加熱する。一方、(1)〜(3)を混合,溶解し、70℃に加熱する。この油相を攪拌しながら先に調製した水相に徐々に加えて予備乳化し、ホモミキサーを加えて均一とした後冷却し、40℃にて(7)を添加,混合する。
【0039】
上記の実施例11〜実施例22について、まず乳化安定性及び抗菌活性を評価した。その際、各実施例において、両親媒性キトサン誘導体を、表3に示すようにそれぞれキトサン塩,非イオン性又は陰イオン性界面活性剤或いは陽イオン性ポリマーに代替して調製した比較例11〜比較例22についても、同時に評価した。
【表3】
Figure 0003977470
【0040】
(1)乳化安定性の評価 実施例及び比較例の各試料を−5℃,25℃及び50℃で3カ月間保存し、状態の変化を観察した。評価結果は、「○;状態の変化を認めない」,「△;配合成分の分離,凝集,析出等がわずかに認められる」,「×;配合成分の分離,凝集,析出等が顕著に認められる」として表し、表4に示した。
【0041】
(2)抗菌活性の評価 細菌として、大腸菌(Escherichia coli),黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus),緑濃菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)及びアクネ菌(Propionibacterium acnes)を、真菌としてカンジダ菌(Candida albicans),黒カビ(Aspergillus niger)及びフケ菌(Pityrosporum ovale)を用い、試料1g当たり細菌は1×106個,真菌は1×105個を植菌し、37℃及び25℃でそれぞれ培養して、2週間後の生菌数を測定した。結果は表5において、細菌については生菌が認められなかった場合を○、真菌については生菌が植菌数の1/1000に相当する102個以下となった場合を○として示した。
【0042】
【表4】
Figure 0003977470
表4において明らかなように、本発明の実施例11〜実施例22は、−5℃,25℃及び50℃の各試験温度において、すべて良好な安定性を示した。これに対し、本発明に係る両親媒性キトサン誘導体をキトサン塩に代替して調製した乳化組成物である比較例12及び比較例20では、各試験温度において顕著な状態変化を認め、安定性は悪かった。また、両親媒性キトサン誘導体の替わりにキトサン塩を用いて調製したゲル剤である比較例13では、−5℃及び50℃において若干の状態変化を認めており、同じくキトサン塩で増粘させた比較例16及び比較例17では、−5℃において若干の状態変化を示していた。
【0043】
【表5】
Figure 0003977470
表5より明らかなように、本発明の実施例11〜実施例22は、一般の防腐剤を全く含有しないか、或いは低濃度含有するのみであるにもかかわらず、いずれもすべての試験菌に対して十分な抗菌活性を示していた。これに対し、本発明に係る両親媒性キトサン誘導体を従来の非イオン性又は陰イオン性界面活性剤に代替した比較例14,比較例15,比較例18,比較例19,比較例22、及び陽イオン性ポリマーに代替した比較例21では、一部の試験菌或いはすべての試験菌について十分な抗菌活性が認められていなかった。
【0044】
続いて、実施例11〜実施例15及び比較例11〜比較例15について使用試験を行い、保湿性,皮膚との馴染み,皮膚刺激性及び皮膚の異常症状発生状況について評価した。使用試験は20才〜50才代の女性パネラー20名を1群とし、各群に実施例及び比較例のそれぞれをブラインドにて1週間使用させて行った。保湿性については「高い;5点」,「やや高い;4点」,「普通;3点」,「やや低い;2点」,「低い;1点」、皮膚との馴染みについては「良い;5点」,「やや良い;4点」,「普通;3点」,「やや悪い;2点」,「悪い;1点」として官能評価させて点数化し、20名の平均値を求めた。また皮膚刺激性は、使用試験期間中に痛みやかゆみ、或いはヒリヒリ感,チクチク感といった不快感を感じたか否かを回答させ、その程度を表6に示す基準に従って点数化させて20名の平均値を求めて評価した。皮膚の異常症状についても、使用試験期間中に発赤,発疹,浮腫等の異常症状が生じたか否かを回答させ、その程度を表7に示す基準に従って点数化させ、各パネラーの合計点の平均値を算出して評価した。以上の結果は表8にまとめて示した。
【表6】
Figure 0003977470
【表7】
Figure 0003977470
【0045】
【表8】
Figure 0003977470
表8より明らかなように、本発明の実施例においては、いずれも保湿性及び皮膚との馴染みについて非常に高い評価が得られている。各実施例は両親媒性キトサン誘導体をキトサン塩又は非イオン性或いは陰イオン性界面活性剤に代替した各比較例に比べて有意に高い評価を得ていた。また、本発明の実施例については、いずれにおいても明確な皮膚刺激性や皮膚異常は認められていない。これに対し、両親媒性キトサン誘導体を非イオン性或いは陰イオン性界面活性剤に代替した比較例14及び比較例15では、若干の皮膚刺激性及び皮膚異常症状の発生を認めていた。
【0046】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、本発明により、十分な両親媒性を有し、皮膚外用剤において分散安定化剤又は乳化剤として好適に使用でき、安全で抗菌性及び保湿性も期待できる新規な両親媒性キトサン誘導体を得ることができ、さらにそれらを含有させることにより、安定性及び安全性が高く、良好な抗菌性及び保湿性を有する皮膚外用剤を得ることができた。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an amphiphilic chitosan derivative having amphipathic properties and useful as an emulsifier, and a skin external preparation excellent in moisturizing property, antibacterial property and stability, comprising one or more of them. . More specifically, an amphiphilic chitosan derivative obtained by introducing an N-acylamino sugar, N-alkylamino sugar, N-alkenylamino sugar or sugar ester into the amino group of chitosan or partially deacetylated chitin, and one kind thereof Or it is related with the skin external preparation containing 2 or more types.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Chitosan is an amino group-containing polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin, which is abundant in crustaceans and crusts of arthropods and tendons. Chitosan is known to have antibacterial properties, and its use as an antibacterial agent is disclosed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-56755). In addition, an application to oral compositions for the purpose of preventing caries, alveolar pus leakage, etc. (Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 3-15604 and 7-72123) has also been proposed. In addition, it is also applied to hair compositions and bath preparations (Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 4-60570, 4-53844, and 7-68114).
[0003]
On the other hand, various chitosan derivatives were synthesized and introduced with hydroxypropyl group, hydroxybutyl group, alkylhydroxypropyl group, etc. (Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 4-17928 and 6-67966) and quaternized chitosan derivatives (Japanese Patent Publication No. 6). -27121, 6-67965) are known to be applied to hair or skin compositions.
[0004]
Furthermore, use as an emulsifier has been studied, and an emulsified composition using chitosan or a chitosan glycol derivative has been disclosed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-5489). Derivatives made by introducing a reducing sugar into the amino group of chitosan are being investigated for use as thickeners and gelling agents, and are applied to skin cosmetics, skin cleansers, and hair cleansers. (JP-A-2-133401, 2-134308, 2-134310, 2-134312).
[0005]
However, chitosan is poor in water solubility as it is, and various derivatives have been synthesized, but most of them are water-soluble or lipophilic or impart a positive charge and are stable in skin external preparations. Chitosan derivatives having sufficient amphiphilic properties to obtain a simple emulsion are not known.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in the present invention, a novel amphiphilic chitosan derivative that has sufficient amphipathic properties, can be suitably used as a dispersion stabilizer or emulsifier in skin external preparations, and can be expected to be safe, antibacterial, and moisturizing is obtained. It was aimed to obtain an external preparation for skin having high stability and safety, and good antibacterial and moisturizing properties.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, an attempt was made to introduce a saccharide having a lipophilic group in the amino group of chitosan or partially deacetylated chitin. As a result, an amphiphilic chitosan derivative suitable for the purpose of the present invention could be obtained.
[0008]
That is, the amphiphilic chitosan derivative in the present invention is formed by introducing N-acylamino sugar, N-alkylamino sugar, N-alkenylamino sugar or sugar ester into the amino group of chitosan or partially deacetylated chitin. It is expressed by the following formula.
(RCO-NH-X-NH) n -Y
(R-NH-X-NH) n -Y
(RCO-X-NH) n -Y
(Wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, X is a sugar, Y is chitosan or partially deacetylated chitin, and n is an integer of 1 or more)
[0009]
And the skin external preparation which concerns on this invention contains 1 type (s) or 2 or more types selected from said amphiphilic chitosan derivative.
[0010]
[Action]
The amphiphilic chitosan derivative according to the present invention exhibits high water solubility and lipophilicity, is excellent in solubilizing ability of oily substances, and is useful as an emulsion stabilizer. In addition, it has high skin affinity, low irritation, and is a polymer, so that it has low percutaneous absorption and does not show primary irritation or sensitization to the skin. Furthermore, it has good antibacterial and moisturizing properties.
[0011]
The external preparation for skin comprising one or more amphiphilic chitosan derivatives according to the present invention is excellent in stability and safety, and has good antibacterial properties, skin affinity and moisture retention.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, chitosan used for preparing an amphiphilic chitosan derivative is obtained by deacetylating chitin. In addition to chitosan obtained by complete deacetylation, partially deacetylated chitin having a deacetylation degree of 45% or more can also be used. As these chitosan or partially deacetylated chitin, those having a molecular weight of about 1,000 to 1,000,000 are suitable in terms of physical properties and the like.
[0013]
In the present invention, the amino sugar used to prepare the N-acylamino sugar to be introduced into chitosan and the like includes aldotrioses such as D-glyceraldehyde, aldotetoses such as D-erythrose and D-threose, D- and Aldopentoses such as L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-lyxose, D-ribose, D-glucose, D- and L-galactose, D-mannose, aldohexoses such as D-talose, ketotriose such as dihydroxyacetone, D- And ketotetrose such as L-erythrorose, ketopentose such as D- and L-ribulose, ketopentose such as D- and L-xylulose, D-fructose, D-psicose, L-sorbose, D-tagatose, and ketoheptose such as cedoheptulose Amination products of saccharides and their derivatives, said monosaccharides and derivatives thereof Oligosaccharides such as disaccharides and trisaccharides composed of body amination products, disaccharides including one or more amination products of the above monosaccharides and their derivatives, oligosaccharides such as trisaccharides, etc., which have reducing properties used.
[0014]
For example, D-glucosamine, D-galactosamine, 3-amino-3-deoxy-D-ribose, canosamine, D-grosamine, D-tarosamine, neumosamine, D-fucosamine, L-fucosamine, D-mannosamine, mycosamine, D- Muramic acid, D-galactosaminuronic acid, D-glucosaminuronic acid, D-mannosaminuronic acid, neuraminic acid, chitobiose, chitotriose, hyarobiouronic acid, heparosin, chondrosin, lactosamine, lactobiose, lactotriose, lactotetraose, lactofocenta Oose and the like.
[0015]
Examples of the acyl group to be introduced into the amino group of the amino sugar include carbon numbers such as propionyl, butyryl, pentanoyl (valeryl), octanoyl, decanoyl, hexadecanoyl (palmitoyl), octadecanoyl (stearoyl), eicosanoyl, docosanoyl, tricosanoyl, etc. 3 to 23 straight chain alkyloyl groups, isopropionyl, isobutyryl, isopentanoyl, isopalmitoyl, isostearoyl, etc. having a branched chain of 3 to 23 carbon atoms, propenoyl, hexenoyl, decenoyl, undecenoyl, oleoyl, etc. The alkenoyl group having 3 to 23 carbon atoms is an alkyl group such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl (lauryl), tetradecyl (myristyl), heptadecyl (palmityl), octade. C2-C22 linear or branched alkyl groups such as ru (stearyl), eicosyl, dococenyl (behenyl), isopropyl, isobutyl, isopalmityl, isostearyl, etc., and alkenyl groups include ethenyl (vinyl), propenyl, butenyl Alkenyl groups having 2 to 22 carbon atoms such as octenyl, decenyl, octadecenyl (oleyl), dococenyl and the like.
[0016]
An acyl group can be introduced into an amino group of an amino sugar using an acylating reagent such as an acid chloride or an acid anhydride, and an alkyl group or an alkenyl group can be introduced by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride or the like. It can be easily carried out by reacting with an aldehyde in the presence of an agent.
[0017]
In the present invention, sugar esters to be introduced into chitosan and the like include aldotrioses such as D-glyceraldehyde, aldotetoses such as D-erythrose and D-threose, D- and L-arabinose, D-xylose, Aldopentoses such as D-lyxose, D-ribose, D-glucose, D- and L-galactose, D-mannose, D-talose, L-rhamnose and other aldohexoses, dihydroxyacetone such as ketotriose, D- and L-erythro Keto tetroses such as loth, ketopentoses such as D- and L-ribulose, ketopentoses such as D- and L-xylulose, D-fructose, D-psicose, L-sorbose and D-tagatose, ketoheptose such as sedheptulose, D-apiose, D -Monosaccharides such as branched sugars such as hamamelose, xylobiose, xylotrio , Xylotetraose, xylopentaose, agarobiose, carabiose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, sophorose, sophorotriose, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, mannotriose, mannotriose , Inulobiose, Inulotriose, Lactose, Maltulose, Lactulose, or other homo- or hetero-oligosaccharides having reducing properties and esters of 3 to 23 carbon linear or branched saturated or unsaturated fatty acids can be used.
[0018]
Such a sugar ester can be synthesized by a method in which a hydroxyl group on an anomeric carbon is protected with a benzyl group or the like and then esterified with an acid chloride, an acid anhydride or the like, or a transesterification method.
[0019]
In the present invention, the aforementioned N-acyl, N-alkyl or N-alkenylamino sugar, or sugar ester is introduced into the free amino group of chitosan or partially deacetylated chitin. These N-acylamino sugars, N-alkylamino sugars, N-alkenylamino sugars and sugar esters are reducible and should be introduced into chitosan etc. in one step in the presence of a reducing agent such as sodium cyanoborohydride. Can do. Introduction of these reducing sugars into chitosan or partially deacetylated chitin can be carried out in a range of substitution degree of 0.1 to 1.0. The hydrophilicity and lipophilicity (HLB value), thickening, rheological behavior, etc. of amphiphilic chitosan derivatives, depending on the type and length of sugar chain to be introduced, the chain length of acyl, alkyl or alkenyl groups and the degree of substitution in chitosan etc. Can be controlled.
[0020]
Moreover, in this invention, 1 type (s) or 2 or more types selected from the amphiphilic chitosan derivative prepared as mentioned above are contained, and it is set as a skin external preparation. The present invention can be suitably applied to an external preparation for skin obtained by emulsifying or dispersing an insoluble component such as an oily component or powder, or a hardly soluble component, or an external preparation for skin requiring an appropriate viscosity. It can be provided in dosage forms such as gels, creams, ointments and the like. In addition, skin cosmetics such as lotions, emulsions, gels, creams, packs, makeup base lotions or creams, emulsions or cream foundations, emulsified eye colors, emulsified teak colors, emulsified lipsticks, and other makeup It can be provided in the form of cosmetics, hair shampoos, hair rinses, hair cosmetics such as hair treatments, and cleaning cosmetics such as cleansing lotions, gels and creams. The blending amount of the amphiphilic chitosan derivative in such an external preparation for skin is suitably about 0.01 to 10.0% by weight.
[0021]
In addition, the external preparation for skin according to the present invention may additionally contain a thickener such as another surfactant, a dispersion stabilizer, or a water-soluble polymer compound. Other oils, waxes, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, lower alcohols, higher alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, esters, skin cell activators, anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, whitening agents, moisturizers, Components such as ultraviolet absorbers, antiseptic / antifungal agents, and fragrances that are usually used in external preparations for skin can be contained.
[0022]
【Example】
Further, the present invention will be described in detail by examples.
[0023]
Examples 1 to 10 were prepared as amphiphilic chitosan derivatives according to the present invention. Table 1 shows the chitosans used as the main chain, the introduced sugar chain and the degree of substitution. In Table 1, chitosan having a molecular weight of about 10,000 was used, and as partially deacetylated chitin, chitin having a molecular weight of about 30,000 was deacetylated. These were produced by reacting in a 1% by volume acetic acid / methanol 1: 1 mixed solution in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride at room temperature for 48 hours to 144 hours. As an example of the chemical structure of these amphiphilic chitosan derivatives, Example 1 is shown in Chemical Formula 1.
[Table 1]
Figure 0003977470
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003977470
(In Chemical Formula 1, m and n are integers of 1 or more, and m + n = 60 to 65, n / (m + n) = 0.68.)
[0024]
About Example 1- Example 10 shown in Table 1, the viscosity in 25 degreeC of each 1.0 weight% aqueous solution was measured with the Brookfield type viscometer. In addition, an emulsion composition containing 1.0% by weight, liquid paraffin 25.0% by weight and purified water 74.0% by weight for each of Examples 1 to 10, was prepared at −5 ° C. and 25 ° C. And the state change when preserve | saved at 50 degreeC for 3 months was observed. The results are as follows: “◯: A good emulsion was obtained and no change in state was observed during storage”, “Δ: An emulsion was obtained, but a slight change in state such as separation was observed during the storage period. ”,“ ×: An emulsion cannot be obtained, or a state change such as separation during storage is significant ”. In addition, about the comparative example using chitosan hydrochloride instead of the Example of this invention, the said measurement and evaluation were performed simultaneously. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003977470
As is apparent from Table 2, all of the aqueous solutions of Examples 1 to 10 of the present invention shown in Table 1 exhibit good thickening properties and have good amphipathic properties, which stabilize liquid paraffin. Could be emulsified. On the other hand, in the comparative example using chitosan hydrochloride instead of the amphiphilic chitosan derivative according to the present invention, the thickening effect is recognized, but the emulsion stabilizing action of liquid paraffin is not sufficient, and -5 ° C and When stored at 50 ° C., significant separation was observed.
[0026]
Next, the prescription of an Example is shown about the skin external preparation which concerns on this invention.
[0027]
[Example 11] Lotion for skin
(1) Ethanol 5.00 (wt%)
(2) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 3) 1.00
(3) Citric acid 0.05
(4) Purified water 93.95
Manufacturing method: (1) to (3) are sequentially added to (4) and dissolved uniformly.
[0028]
[Example 12] Emulsion for skin
(1) Cetanol 1.50 (wt%)
(2) Petrolatum 3.00
(3) Liquid paraffin 7.00
(4) Tocopherol acetate 1.00
(5) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 2) 0.60
(6) Glycerin 5.00
(7) Methyl paraoxybenzoate 0.05
(8) Purified water 81.85
Production method: The oil phase components (1) to (4) are mixed, heated and uniformly dissolved, and kept at 70 ° C. On the other hand, the aqueous phase components (5) to (8) are mixed and heated to be uniform, and set to 70 ° C. The oil phase component is gradually added to the aqueous phase component with stirring, emulsified, and cooled.
[0029]
[Example 13] Gel for skin
(1) Dipropylene glycol 10.00 (wt%)
(2) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 1) 1.50
(3) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 5) 0.50
(4) Lactic acid 0.50
(5) Methyl paraoxybenzoate 0.02
(6) Purified water 87.48
Manufacturing method: (2) and (3) are uniformly dissolved in (6), then (4) is added, and (5) is further dissolved in (1) and added.
[0030]
[Example 14] Skin cream
(1) Beeswah 6.00 (wt%)
(2) Cetanol 5.00
(3) Reduced lanolin 8.00
(4) Squalane 27.50
(5) Glyceryl fatty acid ester 4.00
(6) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 4) 2.00
(7) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 6) 2.00
(8) 1,3-butylene glycol 5.00
(9) 2-hydroxyacetic acid 0.20
(10) Methyl paraoxybenzoate 0.01
(11) Purified water 40.29
Production method: The oil phase components (1) to (5) are mixed, dissolved, and heated to 75 ° C. On the other hand, the water phase components (6) to (11) are mixed and dissolved and heated to 75 ° C. Subsequently, after adding an oil phase component to the said water phase component and pre-emulsifying, it emulsifies uniformly with a homomixer and it cools.
[0031]
Example 15 Oil-in-water emulsion ointment
(1) White petrolatum 25.0 (wt%)
(2) Stearyl alcohol 25.0
(3) Glycerin 12.0
(4) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 7) 1.5
(5) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 9) 2.0
(6) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 10) 2.0
(7) Purified water 32.0
(8) Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate 0.5
Production method: The oil phase components (1) and (2) are mixed and heated to dissolve uniformly and kept at 75 ° C. On the other hand, the water phase components (3) to (7) are mixed and heated to be uniform, and set to 75 ° C. The oil phase component is gradually added to the aqueous phase component while stirring to emulsify, and after cooling, (8) is added and dissolved at 40 ° C.
[0032]
[Example 16] Cosmetic liquid
(1) Ethanol 10.00 (wt%)
(2) Propylene glycol 4.00
(3) 1,3-Butylene glycol 2.00
(4) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 8) 0.80
(5) Succinic acid 0.50
(6) Methyl paraoxybenzoate 0.02
(7) Fragrance 0.10
(8) Purified water 82.58
Manufacturing method: (4) and (5) are added to (8) and thickened sufficiently and uniformly, then (6) and (7) are dissolved and added to (1) to (3) and mixed.
[0033]
[Example 17] Jelly-like pack
(1) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 2) 1.00 (% by weight)
(2) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 7) 1.00
(3) Glycerin 5.00
(4) Ethanol 5.00
(5) Methyl paraoxybenzoate 0.02
(6) Fragrance 0.10
(7) Purified water 87.88
Manufacturing method: Add (1) and (2) to (7), dissolve and thicken. (5) and (6) are dissolved in (3) and (4) and added and mixed.
[0034]
[Example 18] Cleansing lotion
(1) Glycerin 2.00 (wt%)
(2) Propylene glycol 6.00
(3) Dipropylene glycol 2.00
(4) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 10) 1.20
(5) Polyoxyethylene (20E.O.) sorbitan 0.50
Monooleate
(6) Ethanol 10.00
(7) Methyl paraoxybenzoate 0.02
(8) Fragrance 0.10
(9) Purified water 78.18
Manufacturing method: (1) to (5) are added to (9) sequentially to dissolve and homogenize, and (7) and (8) are dissolved in (6) and added and mixed.
[0035]
[Example 19] Makeup base cream
(1) Squalane 12.0 (wt%)
(2) Cetanol 2.0
(3) Self-emulsifying glyceryl monostearate 2.0
(4) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 3) 1.0
(5) Propylene glycol 3.0
(6) Glycerin 3.0
(7) Purified water 75.4
(8) Fragrance 0.1
(9) Titanium dioxide 1.0
(10) Bengala 0.1
(11) Yellow iron oxide 0.4
Production method: (4) is dissolved in (7), (9) to (11) are kneaded with (5) and (6), added, mixed, and heated to 70 ° C. On the other hand, the oil phase components (1) to (3) are mixed and heated to 70 ° C. and added to the aqueous phase with stirring to emulsify. After emulsification, cool and add (8) at 40 ° C and mix.
[0036]
Example 20 Emulsion Foundation
(1) Jojoba oil 2.40 (wt%)
(2) Propylene glycol monostearate 2.00
(3) Cetostearyl alcohol 0.20
(4) Liquid lanolin 2.00
(5) Liquid paraffin 3.00
(6) Isopropyl myristate 8.50
(7) Glyceryl monostearyl ether 3.50
(8) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 5) 1.20
(9) Bentonite 0.50
(10) Isoprene glycol 4.00
(11) Methyl paraoxybenzoate 0.02
(12) Purified water 54.58
(13) Fragrance 0.10
(14) Titanium oxide 8.00
(15) Talc 4.00
(16) Bengala 3.00
(17) Yellow iron oxide 2.50
(18) Black iron oxide 0.50
Production method: The pigments (14) to (18) are mixed and then pulverized by a pulverizer. (12) is heated to 70 ° C., (9) is added to swell well, (8) is added thereto, and (10) and (11) are further added and dissolved. The oil phases (1) to (7) are mixed, heated and melted to 80 ° C. The pigment is added to the aqueous phase with stirring, and the mixture is brought to 75 ° C. through a colloid mill, and the oil phase is added with stirring to emulsify. After cooling, (13) is added at 40 ° C.
[0037]
[Example 21] Hair shampoo
(1) Sodium alkyl ether sulfate 15.00 (wt%)
(2) Palm oil fatty acid diethanolamide 2.00
(3) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 4) 1.50
(4) Methyl paraoxybenzoate 0.10
(5) Blue No. 1 1.0 wt% aqueous solution 0.01
(6) Fragrance 0.10
(7) Purified water 81.29
Production method: Add (1) to (6) to (7) sequentially, and mix and dissolve uniformly.
[0038]
[Example 22] Hair rinse
(1) Cetanol 2.00 (wt%)
(2) Stearyltrimethylammonium chloride 2.00
(3) Silicone oil 3.00
(4) Amphiphilic chitosan derivative (Example 9) 0.50
(5) Glycerin 5.00
(6) Green No. 3 1.0 wt% aqueous solution 0.01
(7) Fragrance 0.10
(8) Purified water 87.39
Production method: (4) to (6) are added to (8) and heated to 70 ° C. On the other hand, (1) to (3) are mixed and dissolved, and heated to 70 ° C. The oil phase is gradually added to the previously prepared aqueous phase with stirring and pre-emulsified. The mixture is homogenized by adding a homomixer and cooled, and (7) is added and mixed at 40 ° C.
[0039]
For the above Examples 11 to 22, the emulsion stability and antibacterial activity were first evaluated. At that time, in each Example, the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives were replaced with chitosan salts, nonionic or anionic surfactants or cationic polymers as shown in Table 3, respectively. Comparative Example 22 was also evaluated at the same time.
[Table 3]
Figure 0003977470
[0040]
(1) Evaluation of emulsion stability Each sample of Examples and Comparative Examples was stored at -5 ° C, 25 ° C and 50 ° C for 3 months, and changes in the state were observed. As a result of the evaluation, “○: No change in state”, “△: Separation, aggregation, precipitation, etc. of compounding components are slightly observed”, “×: Separation, aggregation, precipitation, etc. of compounding components are remarkably recognized. And are shown in Table 4.
[0041]
(2) Evaluation of antibacterial activity As bacteria, Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Propionibacterium acnes are used as fungi, and Candida albicans and black mold are used as fungi. ( Aspergillus niger ) and dandruff fungus ( Pityrosporum ovale ), 1 × 10 6 bacteria and 1 × 10 5 fungi per 1 g of the sample were inoculated and cultured at 37 ° C. and 25 ° C., respectively, for 2 weeks. The number of later viable bacteria was measured. The results are shown in Table 5 as ◯ when no viable bacteria were observed for the bacteria, and ◯ when the viable bacteria were 10 2 or less corresponding to 1/1000 of the number of inoculated bacteria.
[0042]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003977470
As is apparent from Table 4, Examples 11 to 22 of the present invention all showed good stability at the test temperatures of −5 ° C., 25 ° C. and 50 ° C. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 12 and Comparative Example 20, which are emulsified compositions prepared by substituting the amphiphilic chitosan derivative according to the present invention with a chitosan salt, a remarkable change in state was observed at each test temperature, and the stability was It was bad. Moreover, in Comparative Example 13 which is a gel prepared using a chitosan salt instead of an amphiphilic chitosan derivative, a slight state change was observed at −5 ° C. and 50 ° C., and the viscosity was also increased with the chitosan salt. Comparative Example 16 and Comparative Example 17 showed a slight change in state at −5 ° C.
[0043]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003977470
As is apparent from Table 5, Examples 11 to 22 of the present invention do not contain any general preservatives or contain only a low concentration, but all of them are included in all test bacteria. It showed sufficient antibacterial activity. In contrast, Comparative Example 14, Comparative Example 15, Comparative Example 18, Comparative Example 19, Comparative Example 22, and Comparative Example 22 in which the amphiphilic chitosan derivative according to the present invention was replaced with a conventional nonionic or anionic surfactant, and In Comparative Example 21, which was replaced with a cationic polymer, sufficient antibacterial activity was not recognized for some test bacteria or all test bacteria.
[0044]
Subsequently, a use test was conducted for Examples 11 to 15 and Comparative Examples 11 to 15, and the moisture retention, familiarity with the skin, skin irritation, and the occurrence of abnormal skin symptoms were evaluated. In the use test, 20 female panelists in the 20s to 50s grouped into one group, and each of the examples and comparative examples was used blindly for 1 week in each group. “High; 5 points”, “Slightly high; 4 points”, “Normal; 3 points”, “Slightly low; 2 points”, “Low; 1 point”, and “Good; Sensory evaluation was made and scored as “5 points”, “slightly good; 4 points”, “ordinary; 3 points”, “slightly bad; 2 points”, “bad; 1 point”, and the average value of 20 people was obtained. Skin irritation is an average of 20 people who answered whether or not they felt pain or itching or discomfort such as tingling or tingling during the test period, and scored the degree according to the criteria shown in Table 6. Values were determined and evaluated. Regarding abnormal skin symptoms, whether or not abnormal symptoms such as redness, rash, and edema occurred during the use test period, was scored according to the criteria shown in Table 7, and the average of the total points of each panelist Values were calculated and evaluated. The above results are summarized in Table 8.
[Table 6]
Figure 0003977470
[Table 7]
Figure 0003977470
[0045]
[Table 8]
Figure 0003977470
As is clear from Table 8, in the examples of the present invention, very high evaluations were obtained with respect to moisture retention and familiarity with the skin. Each example obtained a significantly higher evaluation than each comparative example in which the amphiphilic chitosan derivative was replaced with a chitosan salt or a nonionic or anionic surfactant. In addition, no clear skin irritation or skin abnormality was observed in any of the examples of the present invention. In contrast, in Comparative Examples 14 and 15 in which the amphiphilic chitosan derivative was replaced with a nonionic or anionic surfactant, some skin irritation and abnormal skin symptoms were observed.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, a novel amphiphile that has sufficient amphipathic properties, can be suitably used as a dispersion stabilizer or emulsifier in external preparations for skin, and can be expected to be safe, antibacterial, and moisturizing. Active chitosan derivatives can be obtained, and by incorporating them, a skin external preparation having high stability and safety, and good antibacterial and moisturizing properties can be obtained.

Claims (5)

式 (RCO-NH-X-NH)n-Y (式中Rは炭素数2〜22のアルキル又はアルケニル基,Xは糖,Yはキトサン又は部分脱アセチル化キチン,nは1以上の整数を示す) で表されるN-アシルアミノ糖をアミノ基に導入して成る両親媒性キトサン誘導体。Formula (RCO-NH-X-NH) n -Y (wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, X is a sugar, Y is chitosan or partially deacetylated chitin, and n is an integer of 1 or more) An amphiphilic chitosan derivative obtained by introducing an N-acylamino sugar represented by the formula: 式 (R-NH-X-NH)n-Y (式中Rは炭素数2〜22のアルキル又はアルケニル基,Xは糖,Yはキトサン又は部分脱アセチル化キチン,nは1以上の整数を示す) で表されるN-アルキルアミノ糖又はN-アルケニルアミノ糖をアミノ基に導入して成る両親媒性キトサン誘導体。Formula (R—NH—X—NH) n —Y (wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, X is a sugar, Y is chitosan or partially deacetylated chitin, and n is an integer of 1 or more) An amphiphilic chitosan derivative obtained by introducing an N-alkylamino sugar or an N-alkenylamino sugar represented by the formula: 式 (RCO-X-NH)n-Y (式中Rは炭素数2〜22のアルキル又はアルケニル基,Xは糖,Yはキトサン又は部分脱アセチル化キチン,nは1以上の整数を示す) で示される糖エステルをアミノ基に導入して成る両親媒性キトサン誘導体。Formula (RCO-X-NH) n -Y (wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, X is a sugar, Y is chitosan or partially deacetylated chitin, and n is an integer of 1 or more) An amphiphilic chitosan derivative obtained by introducing a sugar ester represented by 請求項1のN-アシルアミノ糖をアミノ基に導入して成る両親媒性キトサン誘導体,請求項2のN-アルキルアミノ糖又はN-アルケニルアミノ糖をアミノ基に導入して成る両親媒性キトサン誘導体及び請求項3の糖エステルをアミノ基に導入して成る両親媒性キトサン誘導体より成る群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上を含有して成る、皮膚外用剤。  An amphiphilic chitosan derivative formed by introducing the N-acylamino sugar of claim 1 into an amino group, and an amphiphilic chitosan derivative formed by introducing the N-alkylamino sugar or N-alkenylamino sugar of claim 2 into an amino group. And a skin external preparation comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of amphiphilic chitosan derivatives obtained by introducing the sugar ester of claim 3 into an amino group. 皮膚外用剤が化粧料であることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の皮膚外用剤。  The external skin preparation according to claim 4, wherein the external skin preparation is a cosmetic.
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