JP3975920B2 - Low yield ratio high strength high toughness steel sheet and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Low yield ratio high strength high toughness steel sheet and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP3975920B2
JP3975920B2 JP2003005466A JP2003005466A JP3975920B2 JP 3975920 B2 JP3975920 B2 JP 3975920B2 JP 2003005466 A JP2003005466 A JP 2003005466A JP 2003005466 A JP2003005466 A JP 2003005466A JP 3975920 B2 JP3975920 B2 JP 3975920B2
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yield ratio
strength
steel sheet
toughness
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JP2004217981A (en
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隆二 村岡
茂 遠藤
信行 石川
豊久 新宮
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建築、海洋構造物、ラインパイプ、造船、土木、建設機械等の分野で使用される、低降伏比高強度高靱性鋼板とその製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
溶接鋼構造物の大型化、コスト削減の観点から、より高強度、高靭性を有する鋼板の需要が高まっている。通常、高強度高靭性鋼板は、焼入れ焼戻し処理や制御圧延・制御冷却を用いる、いわゆるTMCP法により製造されるが、焼入れ焼戻し処理は時間と手間を要し、製造コスト高である。また、TMCP法を用いて鋼材の高強度化を行なう際には、鋼材への多量の合金元素の添加が必要であり、合金元素添加によるコスト上昇、ならびに溶接熱影響部靭性の劣化が問題となる。さらに、建築、ラインパイプ等の分野においては耐震性の観点から、低降伏比が要求されている。
【0003】
焼入れ焼戻し処理の欠点を補うために、圧延後そのまま焼入れを行う直接焼入れ技術が知られている(例えば、特許文献1、特許文献2参照。)。しかし、焼戻し工程を圧延・冷却ラインと別のラインで行うため従来の形式と大差がなく、製造効率、製造コストの改善には至らない。
【0004】
一方、圧延から焼入れ焼戻し処理までを同一ラインで行い、かつ急速加熱で保持時間無しの焼戻し処理を行う技術が知られている(例えば、特許文献3、特許文献4参照。)。すべての工程を同一ラインで行うことで製造時間が短縮されるので、製造効率、製造コストが大幅に改善される。また、この技術で製造された鋼材は、急冷によってベイナイトまたはマルテンサイト組織とした後に、急速加熱焼戻しを行うことによって、過飽和に固溶した炭素が微細なセメンタイトとして析出し、さらに保持時間無しの焼戻し処理によりセメンタイトが粗大化しないため、強度靱性に優れている。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特公昭53−6616号公報
【0006】
【特許文献2】
特公昭58−3011号公報
【0007】
【特許文献3】
特許3015923号公報
【0008】
【特許文献4】
特許3015924号公報
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、特許文献3、特許文献4に記載の技術では、製造効率、製造コストを大幅に改善できるが、高強度の鋼を得るためには、その実施例が示すように、鋼材の炭素含有量を高めるか、あるいはその他の合金元素の添加量を増やす必要があるため、素材コストの上昇を招くだけでなく、溶接熱影響部靭性の劣化が問題となる。また、低降伏比化に関する記述もない。このように従来の技術では、多量の合金元素を添加することなく低降伏比高強度高靱性鋼板を製造することは困難である。
【0010】
したがって本発明の目的は、このような従来技術の課題を解決し、多量の合金元素を添加することなく、低コストで製造できる、低降伏比高強度高靱性鋼板及びその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
このような課題を解決するための本発明の特徴は以下の通りである。
(1)、質量%で、C:0.02以上、0.07%未満、Si:0.01〜0.5%、Mn:0.5〜2.0%、Al:0.01〜0.08%を含有し、Ti:0.005〜0.04%、Nb:0.005〜0.048%、V:0.005〜0.10%の中から選ばれる2種以上を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避不純物からなり、原子%でのC量とTi、Nb、Vの合計量の比であるC/(Ti+Nb+V)が0.5〜3.0であり、金属組織がフェライトとベイナイトの2相組織(体積分率で5%以下の他の金属組織を含有する場合を含む)であり、ベイナイト相中にTi、Nb、Vの中から選ばれる2種以上を含む炭化物が分散析出しており、降伏比が80%以下であることを特徴とする、低降伏比高強度高靱性鋼板。
(2)、さらに、質量%で、Cu:0.50%以下、Ni:0.50%以下、Cr:0.50%以下、B:0.005%以下、Ca:0.0005〜0.003%の中から選ばれる1種又は2種以上を含有することを特徴とする(1)に記載の低降伏比高強度高靱性鋼板。
(3)、(1)または(2)に記載の成分組成を有する鋼を、1000〜1300℃の温度に加熱し、650〜750℃の圧延終了温度で熱間圧延した後、5℃/s以上の冷却速度で300〜600℃まで加速冷却を行い、その後直ちに0.5℃/s以上の昇温速度で550〜700℃まで再加熱を行うことを特徴とする低降伏比高強度高靱性鋼板の製造方法。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者らは低降伏比高強度鋼板の溶接熱影響部靭性改善を目的に、鋼板の製造方法を鋭意検討し、2相域での制御圧延後の加速冷却とその後の再加熱という製造プロセスにおいて、ベイナイト変態途中で再加熱を行うことによって、加速冷却時のベイナイト変態による強化に加え、再加熱時にベイナイトを主体とする硬質相中に析出する微細析出物による析出強化によって、合金元素が少なく低成分系の鋼においてもフェライトと、ベイナイトを主体とする硬質相の2相組織の高強度化が可能になるという知見を得た。そして、Ti、Nb、Vを含有する微細な複合炭化物を分散析出させることによって2相組織中の硬質相の高強度化が達成できるという知見を得た。
【0013】
本発明は上記のような、2相域圧延時に生成したフェライトと、圧延後の加速冷却ならびにその後の再加熱によって生じるTi、Nb、Vを含有する微細な複合炭化物が分散析出したベイナイトを主体とする硬質相との2相組織を有する高強度鋼板の製造方法に関するものであり、変態強化に加え析出強化を最大限に活用するため、合金元素を多量に添加する必要がなく、溶接熱影響部靭性を損なうことなく高強度化が達成できるものである。さらに、本技術により製造した2相組織鋼は、硬質相の硬さが従来法に比べて高いため軟質相と硬質相の硬度差が大きく、さらなる低降伏比化が達成できる。
【0014】
以下、本発明の低降伏比高強度高靭性鋼板について詳しく説明する。まず、本発明の高強度鋼板の組織について説明する。
【0015】
本発明の鋼板の金属組織は実質的に軟質相と硬質相の2相組織であり、実質的にはフェライトとベイナイトの2相組織である。本発明では、加速冷却時のベイナイト変態による変態強化と、加速冷却後に再加熱してベイナイトを主体とする硬質相中に析出する微細析出物による析出強化を複合して活用することにより、合金元素を多量に添加することなく高強度化が可能である。一方、フェライトは軟質で延性に富んでいるが、より高強度の硬質相との2相組織とすることにより十分な強度を有するものとなる。さらに、軟質層と硬質層の硬度差が大きくなるため降伏比はさらに低いものとなる。2相組織の硬質相中はベイナイトが主体であり、マルテンサイトやパーライトなどの異なる金属組織が1種または2種以上混在する場合があるが、強度が低下するため、フェライト相とベイナイト相以外の組織分率は少ない程良い。しかし、フェライト相とベイナイト相以外の組織の体積分率が低い場合はその影響が無視できるため、トータルの体積分率で5%以下の他の金属組織を、すなわちマルテンサイト、パーライト等を1種または2種以上含有してもよい。また、強度確保の観点からベイナイト分率を10%以上に、母材の靭性確保の観点からフェライト分率を10%以上にする事が望ましい。
【0016】
次に、上記のベイナイト相(硬質相)内に分散析出する析出物について説明する。
本発明の鋼板では、硬質相中のTi、Nb、Vの中から選ばれる2種以上を含有する複合炭化物による析出強化を利用している。Ti、Nb、Vは鋼中で炭化物を形成する元素であり、個々の炭化物の析出により鋼を強化することは従来より行われているが、本発明ではTi、Nb、Vの中から選ばれる2種以上を含有する複合炭化物を微細に析出させることにより、より大きな強度向上効果が得られることが特徴である。この従来にない大きな強度向上効果は、Ti、Nb、Vの中から選ばれる2種以上を含有する複合炭化物が安定でかつ成長速度が遅いので、微細な析出物が得られることによるものである。
【0017】
本発明において鋼板内に分散析出する析出物である、Ti、Nb、Vの中から選ばれる2種以上を含有する複合炭化物は、以下に述べる成分の鋼に本発明の製造方法を用いて鋼板を製造することにより、硬質相中に分散させて得ることができる。
【0018】
次に、本発明の低降伏比高強度高靭性鋼板の化学成分について説明する。以下の説明において%で示す単位は全て質量%である。
【0019】
C:0.02%以上、0.07%未満とする。Cは炭化物として析出強化に寄与する元素であるが、0.02%未満では十分な強度が確保できず、0.07%以上では靭性を劣化させるため、C含有量を0.02以上、0.07%未満に規定する。
【0020】
Si:0.01〜0.5%とする。Siは脱酸のため添加するが、0.01%未満では脱酸効果が十分でなく、0.5%を超えると靭性や溶接性を劣化させるため、Si含有量を0.01〜0.5%に規定する。
【0021】
Mn:0.5〜2.0%とする。Mnは強度、靭性のため添加するが、0.5%未満ではその効果が十分でなく、2.0%を超えると靱性ならびに溶接性が劣化するため、Mn含有量を0.5〜2.0%に規定する。
【0022】
Al:0.01〜0.08%とする。Alは脱酸剤として添加されるが、0.01%未満では効果がなく、0.08%を超えると鋼の清浄度が低下し、靱性が劣化するため、Al含有量は0.01〜0.08%に規定する。
【0023】
本発明の鋼板は、Ti、Nb、Vのの中から選ばれる2種以上を含有する。
【0024】
Ti:0.005〜0.04%とする。Tiは本発明において重要な元素である。0.005%以上添加することで、Nbおよび/またはVと複合析出物を形成し、強度上昇に大きく寄与する。しかし、0.04%を超える添加は溶接熱影響部靭性の劣化を招くため、Ti含有量は0.005〜0.04%に規定する。
【0025】
Nb:0.005〜0.07%とする。Nbは組織の微細粒化により靭性を向上させるが、Tiと同様に、Tiおよび/またはVと共に微細な複合炭化物を形成し、強度上昇に寄与する。しかし、0.005%未満では効果がなく、0.07%を超えると溶接熱影響部の靭性が劣化するため、Nb含有量は0.005〜0.07%に規定する。
【0026】
V:0.005〜0.10%とする。VもTi、Nbと同様に、Tiおよび/またはNbと共に微細な複合炭化物を形成し、強度上昇に寄与する。しかし、0.005%未満では効果がなく、0.10%を超えると溶接熱影響部の靭性が劣化するため、V含有量は0.005〜0.10%に規定する。
【0027】
本発明の低降伏比高強度高靭性鋼板は上記の成分の鋼を用いることで、Ti、Nb、Vを含有する微細炭化物が得られるが、析出強化を最大限に利用するためには、炭化物を形成する元素の含有量の割合を以下のように制限することが望ましい。すなわち、原子%でのC量とTi、Nb、Vの合計量の比である、C/(Ti+Nb+V)は0.5〜3.0が好ましい。本発明による高強度化はTi、Nb、Vのいずれか2種以上を含む微細な複合炭化物によるものである。この微細な複合炭化物による析出強化を有効に利用するためには、C量と炭化物形成元素であるTi、Nb、V量の関係が重要であり、これらの元素を適正なバランスのもとで添加することによって、熱的に安定かつ非常に微細な複合炭化物を得ることが出来る。ただし、各元素記号は原子%での各元素の含有量である。なお、質量%の含有量を用いる場合には(C/12.01)/(Mo/95.9+Ti/47.9)で表される。
【0028】
本発明では鋼板の強度靱性をさらに改善する目的で、以下に示すCu、Ni、Cr、B、Caの1種又は2種以上を含有してもよい。
【0029】
Cu:0.50%以下とする。Cuは靭性の改善と強度の上昇に有効な元素であるが、多く添加すると溶接性が劣化するため、添加する場合は0.50%を上限とする。
【0030】
Ni:0.50%以下とする。Niは靭性の改善と強度の上昇に有効な元素であるが、多く添加するとコスト的に不利になり、また、溶接熱影響部靱性が劣化するため、添加する場合は0.50%を上限とする。
【0031】
Cr:0.50%以下とする。CrはMnと同様に低Cでも十分な強度を得るために有効な元素であるが、多く添加すると溶接性を劣化するため、添加する場合は0.50%を上限とする。
【0032】
B:0.005%以下とする。Bは強度上昇、HAZ靭性改善に寄与する元素であるが、0.005%を越えて添加すると溶接性を劣化させるため、添加する場合は0.005%以下とする。
【0033】
Ca:0.0005〜0.003%とする。Caは硫化物系介在物の形態を制御して靭性を改善する。0.0005%以上でその効果が現れ、0.003%を越えると効果が飽和し、逆に清浄度を低下させて靭性を劣化させるため、添加する場合には0.0005〜0.003%とする。
【0034】
上記以外の残部は実質的にFeからなる。残部が実質的にFeからなるとは、本発明の作用効果を無くさない限り、不可避不純物をはじめ、他の微量元素を含有するものが本発明の範囲に含まれ得ることを意味する。
【0035】
次に、本発明の低降伏比高強度高靭性鋼板の製造方法について説明する。
【0036】
本発明では、2相域圧延時に生成した軟質なフェライトと、加速冷却時の変態強化ならびに加速冷却後の再加熱時に析出する微細炭化物の析出強化によりさらに高強度化されたベイナイトを主体とする硬質相を組み合わせることにより、合金元素を多量に添加することなく鋼板の高強度化かつ低降伏比化を可能にする。
【0037】
本発明の高強度鋼板は上記の成分組成を有する鋼を用い、加熱温度:1000〜1300℃、圧延終了温度:650〜750℃で熱間圧延を行い、その後5℃/s以上の冷却速度で300〜600℃まで加速冷却を行い、その後直ちに0.5℃/s以上の昇温速度で550〜700℃の温度まで再加熱を行うことで、金属組織を実質的にフェライトとベイナイトの2相組織とし、Ti、Nb、Vを含有する微細炭化物をベイナイト相(ベイナイトを主体とする硬質相)中に分散析出させることができる。ここで、温度は鋼板の平均温度とする。以下、各製造条件について詳しく説明する。
【0038】
加熱温度:1000〜1300℃とする。加熱温度が1000℃未満では炭化物の固溶が不十分で必要な強度ならびに降伏比が得られず、1300℃を超えると母材靭性が劣化するため、1000〜1300℃とする。
【0039】
圧延終了温度:650〜750℃とする。このプロセスは本発明における重要な製造条件である。降伏比を低下させるためには軟質相と硬質相の2相組織化が有効であり軟質相と硬質相の硬度差が大きいほど降伏比は低下する。650〜750℃での圧延終了により軟質の初析フェライトを析出させた後、後述の加速冷却と再加熱処理での析出強化により高硬度のベイナイト相とし、軟質相と硬質相の硬度差が大きい2相組織が得られる。圧延終了温度が650℃未満ではフェライトが過剰に加工されるため軟質の初析フェライトが得られず降伏比の上昇と母材靱性の劣化を招き、750℃を越えるとフェライト変態が十分進行せず降伏比が上昇するため、圧延終了温度を650〜750℃とする。
【0040】
圧延終了後、直ちに5℃/s以上の冷却速度で冷却する。冷却速度が5℃/s未満では冷却時にパーライトを生成し、ベイナイトによる変態強化が得られないため、十分な強度が得られない。よって、圧延終了後の冷却速度を5℃/s以上に規定する。このときの冷却方法については製造プロセスによって任意の冷却設備を用いることが可能である。
【0041】
冷却停止温度:300〜600℃とする。冷却停止温度が300℃未満では、島状マルテンサイト(MA)が生成するため再加熱時の微細炭化物の析出が不十分となり十分な強度が得られないとともに母材靱性が劣化し、600℃を超えると冷却中にパーライトが析出するため微細炭化物の析出が不十分となり十分な強度が得られないため、加速冷却停止温度を300〜600℃に規定する。
【0042】
加速冷却後直ちに0.5℃/s以上の昇温速度で550〜700℃の温度まで再加熱を行う。このプロセスは本発明における重要な製造条件である。硬質相の強化に寄与する微細析出物は、再加熱時に析出する。このような微細析出物を得るためには、加速冷却後直ちに550〜700℃の温度域まで再加熱する必要がある。昇温速度が0.5℃/s未満では、目的の再加熱温度に達するまでに長時間を要するため製造効率が悪化し、またパーライト変態が生じるため、微細析出物の分散析出が得られず十分な強度を得ることができない。再加熱温度が550℃未満では十分な析出駆動力が得られず微細析出物の量が少ないため、十分な析出強化が図れず、700℃を超えると析出物が粗大化し十分な強度が得られないため、再加熱の温度域を550〜700℃に規定する。再加熱温度において、特に温度保持時間を設定する必要はない。本発明の製造方法を用いれば再加熱後直ちに冷却しても、十分な微細析出物が得られるため高い強度が得られる。しかし、十分な微細析出物を確保するために、30分以内の温度保持を行うことができる。30分を超えて温度保持を行うと、析出物の粗大化を生じ強度低下を招く場合がある。また、再加熱後の冷却過程において冷却速度によらず微細析出物は粗大化しないため、再加熱後の冷却速度は基本的には空冷とする。
【0043】
加速冷却後の再加熱を行うための設備として、加速冷却を行なうための冷却設備の下流側に加熱装置を設置することができる。加熱装置としては、鋼板の急速加熱が可能であるガス燃焼炉や誘導加熱装置を用いる事が好ましい。誘導加熱装置は均熱炉等に比べて温度制御が容易でありコストも比較的低く、冷却後の鋼板を迅速に加熱できるので特に好ましい。また複数の誘導加熱装置を直列に連続して配置することにより、ライン速度や鋼板の種類・寸法が異なる場合にも、通電する誘導加熱装置の数を任意に設定するだけで、昇温速度、再加熱温度を自在に操作することが可能である。
【0044】
また、本発明の製造方法を実施するための設備の一例を図1に示す。図1に示すように、圧延ライン1には上流から下流側に向かって熱間圧延機3、加速冷却装置4、インライン型誘導加熱装置5、ホットレベラー6が配置されている。インライン型誘導加熱装置5あるいは他の熱処理装置を、圧延設備である熱間圧延機3およびそれに引き続く冷却設備である加速冷却装置4と同一ライン上に設置する事によって、圧延、冷却終了後迅速に再加熱処理が行えるので、圧延冷却後の鋼板温度を過度に低下させることなく加熱することができる。
【0045】
【実施例】
表1に示す化学成分の鋼(鋼種〜R)を連続鋳造法によりスラブとし、これを用いて板厚18、26mmの厚鋼板(No.〜35)を製造した。
【0046】
【表1】

Figure 0003975920
【0047】
加熱したスラブを熱間圧延により圧延した後、直ちに水冷型の加速冷却設備を用いて冷却を行い、誘導加熱炉またはガス燃焼炉を用いて再加熱を行った。誘導加熱炉は加速冷却設備と同一ライン上に設置した。各鋼板(No.〜35)の製造条件を表2に示す。
【0048】
以上のようにして製造した鋼板の引張特性を測定した。測定結果を表2に併せて示す。引張特性は、圧延垂直方向の全厚試験片を引張試験片として引張試験を行い、引張強度を測定した。引張強度580MPa以上を本発明に必要な強度とし、降伏比80%以下を本発明に必要な低降伏比とした。母材靱性については、圧延方向と直角方向のシャルピー衝撃試験を行い、−10℃でのシャルピー吸収エネルギーが200J以上のものを良好とした。溶接熱影響部(HAZ)靭性については、再現熱サイクル装置によって入熱40kJ/cmに相当する熱履歴を加えた試験片を用いてシャルピー試験を行った。そして、−10℃でのシャルピー吸収エネルギーが100J以上のものを良好とした。
【0049】
【表2】
Figure 0003975920
【0050】
表2において、本発明例であるNo.〜16はいずれも、化学成分および製造方法が本発明の範囲内であり、引張強度580MPa以上の高強度で降伏比80%以下の低降伏比であり、母材ならびに溶接熱影響部の靭性は良好であった。
【0051】
No.17〜27は、化学成分は本発明の範囲内であるが、製造方法が本発明の範囲外であるため、強度、降伏比、靱性のうちいずれかが不十分であった。No.28〜35は化学成分が本発明の範囲外であるので、十分な強度が得られないか、靭性が劣っていた。
【0052】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明によれば、低降伏比高強度高靱性鋼板を、多量の合金元素を添加することなく、低コストで製造することができる。このため建築、海洋構造物、ラインパイプ、造船、土木、建設機械等の溶接構造物に使用する鋼板を、安価で大量に安定して製造することができ、生産性および経済性を著しく高めることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の製造方法を実施するための製造ラインの一例を示す概略図。
【符号の説明】
1:圧延ライン、
2:鋼板、
3:熱間圧延機、
4:加速冷却装置、
5:インライン型誘導加熱装置、
6:ホットレベラー[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a low yield ratio high strength high toughness steel sheet and a method for producing the same, which are used in the fields of architecture, offshore structures, line pipes, shipbuilding, civil engineering, construction machinery and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
From the viewpoint of increasing the size of welded steel structures and reducing costs, there is an increasing demand for steel sheets having higher strength and higher toughness. Usually, a high-strength and high-toughness steel sheet is manufactured by a so-called TMCP method using quenching and tempering treatment or controlled rolling / controlled cooling. However, the quenching and tempering treatment requires time and labor and is expensive to manufacture. Also, when increasing the strength of steel materials using the TMCP method, it is necessary to add a large amount of alloy elements to the steel materials, which raises costs due to the addition of alloy elements and deteriorates the toughness of weld heat affected zone. Become. Furthermore, in the fields of construction, line pipes, etc., a low yield ratio is required from the viewpoint of earthquake resistance.
[0003]
In order to compensate for the shortcomings of quenching and tempering, direct quenching techniques are known in which quenching is performed as it is after rolling (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). However, since the tempering process is performed on a separate line from the rolling / cooling line, there is no great difference from the conventional type, and the manufacturing efficiency and manufacturing cost are not improved.
[0004]
On the other hand, a technique is known in which rolling to quenching and tempering are performed on the same line, and rapid heating and tempering without a holding time are performed (see, for example, Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4). Since all the processes are performed on the same line, the manufacturing time is shortened, so that the manufacturing efficiency and the manufacturing cost are greatly improved. In addition, the steel produced by this technique is rapidly tempered to form a bainite or martensite structure, followed by rapid heating and tempering, so that supersaturated solid solution carbon precipitates as fine cementite, and further tempering without holding time. Since cementite does not become coarse due to the treatment, it has excellent strength and toughness.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 53-6616 [0006]
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 58-3011 [0007]
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent No. 3015923 [0008]
[Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent No. 3015924 [0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the techniques described in Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 can greatly improve the production efficiency and the production cost. However, in order to obtain high-strength steel, as shown in the examples, the carbon content of the steel material In addition to increasing the material cost, it is necessary to increase the amount of other alloying elements, which causes not only an increase in material cost but also a deterioration in the toughness of the weld heat affected zone. Moreover, there is no description about lowering the yield ratio. As described above, it is difficult to produce a low yield ratio, high strength, high toughness steel sheet without adding a large amount of alloy elements.
[0010]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve such problems of the prior art, and to provide a low yield ratio high strength high toughness steel sheet that can be manufactured at low cost without adding a large amount of alloying elements and a method for manufacturing the same. It is in.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The features of the present invention for solving such problems are as follows.
(1), by mass%, C: 0.02 % or more, less than 0.07%, Si: 0.01 to 0.5%, Mn: 0.5 to 2.0%, Al: 0.01 to containing 0.08%, Ti: 0.005~0.04%, Nb: 0.005~ 0.048%, V: containing 2 or more selected from among 0.005 to 0.10% and, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, a C content and Ti in atomic%, Nb, C / is the total amount of the ratio of V (Ti + Nb + V) is from 0.5 to 3.0, the metal structure canvas ferrite And a bainite two-phase structure (including the case of containing another metal structure of 5% or less in volume fraction) , and a carbide containing two or more selected from Ti, Nb, and V in the bainite phase. are dispersed precipitates, yield ratio, characterized in der Rukoto 80% or less, low yield ratio high-strength and high toughness steel plate.
(2) Furthermore, Cu: 0.50% or less, Ni: 0.50% or less, Cr: 0.50% or less, B: 0.005% or less, Ca: 0.0005-0. The low yield ratio high strength high toughness steel sheet according to (1), comprising one or more selected from 003%.
(3) After heating the steel having the component composition described in (1) or (2) to a temperature of 1000 to 1300 ° C. and hot rolling at a rolling end temperature of 650 to 750 ° C., 5 ° C./s Accelerated cooling to 300 to 600 ° C. at the above cooling rate, and then immediately reheating to 550 to 700 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 0.5 ° C./s or more. Low yield ratio, high strength, high toughness A method of manufacturing a steel sheet.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
For the purpose of improving the weld heat-affected zone toughness of low-yield ratio high-strength steel sheets, the present inventors diligently studied the steel sheet manufacturing method, and the manufacturing process of accelerated cooling after controlled rolling in the two-phase region and subsequent reheating. In addition to strengthening by bainite transformation during accelerated cooling by performing reheating in the middle of bainite transformation, the alloying elements are reduced by precipitation strengthening by fine precipitates precipitated in the hard phase mainly composed of bainite during reheating. It has been found that even in low-component steels, it is possible to increase the strength of a two-phase structure of a hard phase mainly composed of ferrite and bainite. And the knowledge that the high intensity | strength of the hard phase in a two-phase structure | tissue can be achieved by carrying out the precipitation of the fine composite carbide containing Ti, Nb, and V was acquired.
[0013]
The present invention is mainly composed of ferrite produced during two-phase rolling as described above, and bainite in which fine composite carbides containing Ti, Nb, and V generated by accelerated cooling after rolling and subsequent reheating are dispersed and precipitated. It relates to a method of manufacturing a high-strength steel sheet having a two-phase structure with a hard phase that does not require the addition of a large amount of alloying elements in order to make the most of precipitation strengthening in addition to transformation strengthening. High strength can be achieved without impairing toughness. Furthermore, since the duplex hardened steel produced by the present technology has a higher hardness of the hard phase than the conventional method, the hardness difference between the soft phase and the hard phase is large, and a further lower yield ratio can be achieved.
[0014]
Hereinafter, the low yield ratio high strength high toughness steel sheet of the present invention will be described in detail. First, the structure of the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention will be described.
[0015]
The metal structure of the steel sheet of the present invention is substantially a two-phase structure of a soft phase and a hard phase, and is substantially a two-phase structure of ferrite and bainite. In the present invention, alloy elements are combined by utilizing transformation strengthening by bainite transformation during accelerated cooling and precipitation strengthening by fine precipitates re-heated after accelerated cooling and precipitated in a hard phase mainly composed of bainite. The strength can be increased without adding a large amount of. On the other hand, ferrite is soft and rich in ductility, but has a sufficient strength by forming a two-phase structure with a harder phase having higher strength. Furthermore, since the difference in hardness between the soft layer and the hard layer is increased, the yield ratio is further reduced. The hard phase of the two-phase structure is mainly composed of bainite, and one or more different metal structures such as martensite and pearlite may be mixed, but the strength is reduced, so that other than ferrite phase and bainite phase. The smaller the tissue fraction, the better. However, if the volume fraction of the structure other than the ferrite phase and the bainite phase is low, the effect is negligible, so other metal structures with a total volume fraction of 5% or less, that is, one type of martensite, pearlite, etc. Or you may contain 2 or more types. Further, it is desirable that the bainite fraction is 10% or more from the viewpoint of securing strength, and the ferrite fraction is 10% or more from the viewpoint of securing toughness of the base material.
[0016]
Next, the deposit that is dispersed and precipitated in the bainite phase (hard phase) will be described.
In the steel sheet of the present invention, precipitation strengthening by a composite carbide containing two or more selected from Ti, Nb, and V in the hard phase is utilized. Ti, Nb, and V are elements that form carbides in steel, and strengthening of steel by precipitation of individual carbides has been conventionally performed, but in the present invention, it is selected from Ti, Nb, and V. It is characterized in that a greater strength improvement effect can be obtained by finely depositing composite carbide containing two or more kinds. This unprecedented strength improvement effect is due to the fact that a composite carbide containing two or more selected from Ti, Nb, and V is stable and has a slow growth rate, so that fine precipitates can be obtained. .
[0017]
In the present invention, a composite carbide containing two or more selected from Ti, Nb, and V, which is a precipitate that is dispersed and precipitated in the steel sheet, is obtained by using the manufacturing method of the present invention to steel having the components described below. Can be obtained by being dispersed in the hard phase.
[0018]
Next, chemical components of the low yield ratio high strength high toughness steel sheet of the present invention will be described. In the following description, all units represented by% are mass%.
[0019]
C: Not less than 0.02% and less than 0.07%. C is an element that contributes to precipitation strengthening as a carbide. However, if it is less than 0.02%, sufficient strength cannot be secured, and if it is 0.07% or more, the toughness is deteriorated, so the C content is 0.02 or more, 0 It is specified to be less than 0.07%.
[0020]
Si: 0.01 to 0.5%. Si is added for deoxidation, but if it is less than 0.01%, the deoxidation effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 0.5%, the toughness and weldability are deteriorated, so the Si content is 0.01 to 0.00. Specify 5%.
[0021]
Mn: 0.5 to 2.0%. Mn is added for strength and toughness, but if it is less than 0.5%, the effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 2.0%, the toughness and weldability deteriorate, so the Mn content is 0.5 to 2. Specify 0%.
[0022]
Al: 0.01 to 0.08%. Al is added as a deoxidizer, but if it is less than 0.01%, there is no effect, and if it exceeds 0.08%, the cleanliness of the steel decreases and the toughness deteriorates, so the Al content is 0.01 to It is specified as 0.08%.
[0023]
The steel sheet of the present invention contains two or more selected from Ti, Nb, and V.
[0024]
Ti: 0.005 to 0.04%. Ti is an important element in the present invention. Addition of 0.005% or more forms a composite precipitate with Nb and / or V, which greatly contributes to an increase in strength. However, since addition exceeding 0.04% causes deterioration of the weld heat affected zone toughness, the Ti content is specified to be 0.005 to 0.04%.
[0025]
Nb: 0.005 to 0.07%. Nb improves toughness by making the structure finer, but, like Ti, forms fine composite carbide together with Ti and / or V and contributes to an increase in strength. However, if it is less than 0.005%, there is no effect, and if it exceeds 0.07%, the toughness of the weld heat-affected zone deteriorates, so the Nb content is specified to be 0.005 to 0.07%.
[0026]
V: Set to 0.005 to 0.10%. V, like Ti and Nb, forms fine composite carbide with Ti and / or Nb and contributes to an increase in strength. However, if it is less than 0.005%, there is no effect, and if it exceeds 0.10%, the toughness of the weld heat-affected zone deteriorates, so the V content is specified to be 0.005 to 0.10%.
[0027]
The low yield ratio, high strength, high toughness steel sheet of the present invention can be obtained by using fine steels containing Ti, Nb, and V by using the steels of the above components. It is desirable to limit the content ratio of the elements that form the following. That is, C / (Ti + Nb + V), which is a ratio of the amount of C in atomic% and the total amount of Ti, Nb, and V, is preferably 0.5 to 3.0. The increase in strength according to the present invention is due to fine composite carbide containing any two or more of Ti, Nb, and V. In order to effectively use the precipitation strengthening by this fine composite carbide, the relationship between the amount of C and the amounts of Ti, Nb, and V which are carbide forming elements is important, and these elements are added in an appropriate balance. By doing so, a thermally stable and very fine composite carbide can be obtained. However, each element symbol is the content of each element in atomic%. In addition, when content of mass% is used, it is represented by (C / 12.01) / (Mo / 95.9 + Ti / 47.9).
[0028]
In the present invention, for the purpose of further improving the strength toughness of the steel sheet, one or more of Cu, Ni, Cr, B and Ca shown below may be contained.
[0029]
Cu: 0.55% or less. Cu is an element effective for improving toughness and increasing strength, but if added in a large amount, weldability deteriorates, so when added, the upper limit is 0.50%.
[0030]
Ni: It shall be 0.50% or less. Ni is an element effective for improving toughness and increasing strength. However, if added in a large amount, it is disadvantageous in terms of cost, and the weld heat affected zone toughness deteriorates, so when added, the upper limit is 0.50%. To do.
[0031]
Cr: 0.55% or less. Like Mn, Cr is an element effective for obtaining sufficient strength even at low C. However, if added in a large amount, the weldability deteriorates, so when added, the upper limit is 0.50%.
[0032]
B: Set to 0.005% or less. B is an element that contributes to strength increase and HAZ toughness improvement, but if added over 0.005%, weldability deteriorates, so when added, the content is made 0.005% or less.
[0033]
Ca: 0.0005 to 0.003%. Ca improves the toughness by controlling the form of sulfide inclusions. The effect appears at 0.0005% or more, and when it exceeds 0.003%, the effect is saturated, and conversely, the cleanliness is lowered and the toughness is deteriorated. And
[0034]
The remainder other than the above consists essentially of Fe. The balance substantially consisting of Fe means that an element containing an inevitable impurity and other trace elements can be included in the scope of the present invention unless the effects of the present invention are lost.
[0035]
Next, the manufacturing method of the low yield ratio high strength high toughness steel sheet of the present invention will be described.
[0036]
In the present invention, soft ferrite formed during two-phase rolling, and hardened mainly composed of bainite strengthened by precipitation strengthening of fine carbides precipitated during transformation strengthening during accelerated cooling and reheating after accelerated cooling. By combining the phases, it is possible to increase the strength and lower the yield ratio of the steel sheet without adding a large amount of alloying elements.
[0037]
The high-strength steel sheet of the present invention uses steel having the above-mentioned composition, and is hot-rolled at a heating temperature of 1000 to 1300 ° C. and a rolling end temperature of 650 to 750 ° C., and then at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./s or more. Accelerated cooling to 300 to 600 ° C., and then immediately reheating to a temperature of 550 to 700 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 0.5 ° C./s or more, so that the metal structure is substantially composed of two phases of ferrite and bainite. A fine carbide containing Ti, Nb, and V can be dispersed and precipitated in the bainite phase (hard phase mainly composed of bainite). Here, the temperature is the average temperature of the steel sheet. Hereinafter, each manufacturing condition will be described in detail.
[0038]
Heating temperature: 1000-1300 ° C. If the heating temperature is less than 1000 ° C, the solid solution of the carbide is insufficient and the required strength and yield ratio cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 1300 ° C, the base metal toughness deteriorates, so the temperature is set to 1000 to 1300 ° C.
[0039]
Rolling end temperature: 650 to 750 ° C. This process is an important manufacturing condition in the present invention. In order to reduce the yield ratio, two-phase organization of the soft phase and the hard phase is effective, and the yield ratio decreases as the hardness difference between the soft phase and the hard phase increases. After precipitation of soft pro-eutectoid ferrite at the end of rolling at 650 to 750 ° C., a high hardness bainite phase is obtained by accelerated cooling and precipitation strengthening by reheating treatment described later, and the hardness difference between the soft phase and the hard phase is large. A two-phase structure is obtained. If the rolling end temperature is less than 650 ° C., ferrite is processed excessively, so soft pro-eutectoid ferrite cannot be obtained, resulting in an increase in yield ratio and deterioration of base metal toughness, and if it exceeds 750 ° C., ferrite transformation does not proceed sufficiently. Since the yield ratio increases, the rolling end temperature is set to 650 to 750 ° C.
[0040]
Immediately after the end of rolling, it is cooled at a cooling rate of 5 ° C./s or more. When the cooling rate is less than 5 ° C./s, pearlite is generated during cooling and transformation strengthening by bainite cannot be obtained, so that sufficient strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, the cooling rate after the end of rolling is specified to be 5 ° C./s or more. About the cooling method at this time, it is possible to use arbitrary cooling equipment by a manufacturing process.
[0041]
Cooling stop temperature: 300 to 600 ° C. If the cooling stop temperature is less than 300 ° C., island-shaped martensite (MA) is generated, so that precipitation of fine carbides during reheating becomes insufficient and sufficient strength cannot be obtained, and the base material toughness deteriorates. If it exceeds, pearlite will precipitate during cooling, so that the precipitation of fine carbides becomes insufficient and sufficient strength cannot be obtained, so the accelerated cooling stop temperature is specified to be 300 to 600 ° C.
[0042]
Immediately after accelerated cooling, reheating is performed to a temperature of 550 to 700 ° C. at a heating rate of 0.5 ° C./s or more. This process is an important manufacturing condition in the present invention. Fine precipitates that contribute to the strengthening of the hard phase precipitate during reheating. In order to obtain such fine precipitates, it is necessary to reheat to a temperature range of 550 to 700 ° C. immediately after accelerated cooling. When the heating rate is less than 0.5 ° C./s, it takes a long time to reach the target reheating temperature, so that the production efficiency is deteriorated and pearlite transformation occurs, so that the fine precipitates cannot be dispersed and precipitated. A sufficient strength cannot be obtained. If the reheating temperature is less than 550 ° C., sufficient precipitation driving force cannot be obtained and the amount of fine precipitates is small, so that sufficient precipitation strengthening cannot be achieved, and if it exceeds 700 ° C., the precipitates become coarse and sufficient strength is obtained. Therefore, the reheating temperature range is specified to be 550 to 700 ° C. There is no need to set the temperature holding time at the reheating temperature. Even if it cools immediately after reheating if the manufacturing method of this invention is used, since a sufficient fine precipitate will be obtained, high intensity | strength will be obtained. However, in order to ensure sufficient fine precipitates, the temperature can be maintained within 30 minutes. If the temperature is maintained for more than 30 minutes, the precipitates may become coarse and the strength may be reduced. Further, in the cooling process after reheating, fine precipitates do not become coarse regardless of the cooling rate, so the cooling rate after reheating is basically air cooling.
[0043]
As equipment for performing reheating after accelerated cooling, a heating device can be installed on the downstream side of the cooling equipment for performing accelerated cooling. As the heating device, it is preferable to use a gas combustion furnace or induction heating device capable of rapid heating of the steel sheet. The induction heating device is particularly preferable because temperature control is easier than in a soaking furnace, the cost is relatively low, and the cooled steel sheet can be heated quickly. In addition, by arranging a plurality of induction heating devices continuously in series, even if the line speed and the type and dimensions of the steel sheet are different, the number of induction heating devices to be energized can be set arbitrarily, the heating rate, The reheating temperature can be freely controlled.
[0044]
Moreover, an example of the equipment for implementing the manufacturing method of this invention is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, a hot rolling mill 3, an acceleration cooling device 4, an in-line induction heating device 5, and a hot leveler 6 are arranged in the rolling line 1 from upstream to downstream. By installing the in-line type induction heating device 5 or other heat treatment device on the same line as the hot rolling mill 3 as a rolling facility and the accelerated cooling device 4 as a subsequent cooling facility, the rolling and cooling can be quickly performed. Since a reheating process can be performed, it can heat without reducing the steel plate temperature after rolling cooling too much.
[0045]
【Example】
Steels (steel types B to R) having chemical components shown in Table 1 were made into slabs by a continuous casting method, and thick steel plates (Nos. 2 to 35) having a thickness of 18 and 26 mm were produced using the slabs.
[0046]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003975920
[0047]
After the heated slab was rolled by hot rolling, it was immediately cooled using a water-cooled accelerated cooling facility and reheated using an induction heating furnace or a gas combustion furnace. The induction furnace was installed on the same line as the accelerated cooling equipment. Table 2 shows the production conditions of each steel plate (No. 2 to 35).
[0048]
The tensile properties of the steel sheet produced as described above were measured. The measurement results are also shown in Table 2. Tensile properties were measured by performing a tensile test using a full thickness test piece in the vertical direction of rolling as a tensile test piece, and measuring the tensile strength. The tensile strength of 580 MPa or more was set as the strength required for the present invention, and the yield ratio of 80% or less was set as the low yield ratio required for the present invention. As for the base metal toughness, a Charpy impact test in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction was conducted, and a Charpy absorbed energy at −10 ° C. of 200 J or more was considered good. For the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) toughness, a Charpy test was performed using a test piece to which a heat history corresponding to a heat input of 40 kJ / cm was added by a reproducible heat cycle apparatus. And the thing whose Charpy absorbed energy in -10 degreeC is 100 J or more was made favorable.
[0049]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003975920
[0050]
In Table 2, all of No. 2 to 16 as examples of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention in terms of chemical composition and production method, and have a high yield strength of 580 MPa or higher and a low yield ratio of 80% or less. The toughness of the base metal and the weld heat affected zone was good.
[0051]
In Nos. 17 to 27, the chemical components are within the scope of the present invention, but since the production method is outside the scope of the present invention, any of strength, yield ratio, and toughness is insufficient. Nos. 28 to 35 had chemical components outside the scope of the present invention, so that sufficient strength could not be obtained or toughness was poor.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a low yield ratio, high strength, high toughness steel sheet can be manufactured at a low cost without adding a large amount of alloy elements. For this reason, steel sheets used for welding structures such as architecture, offshore structures, line pipes, shipbuilding, civil engineering, construction machinery, etc. can be manufactured stably in a large amount at a low price, and the productivity and economy are significantly increased. Can do.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a production line for carrying out the production method of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: rolling line,
2: Steel plate,
3: Hot rolling mill,
4: Accelerated cooling device,
5: Inline type induction heating device,
6: Hot leveler

Claims (3)

質量%で、C:0.02以上、0.07%未満、Si:0.01〜0.5%、Mn:0.5〜2.0%、Al:0.01〜0.08%を含有し、Ti:0.005〜0.04%、Nb:0.005〜0.048%、V:0.005〜0.10%の中から選ばれる2種以上を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避不純物からなり、原子%でのC量とTi、Nb、Vの合計量の比であるC/(Ti+Nb+V)が0.5〜3.0であり、金属組織がフェライトとベイナイトの2相組織(体積分率で5%以下の他の金属組織を含有する場合を含む)であり、ベイナイト相中にTi、Nb、Vの中から選ばれる2種以上を含む炭化物が分散析出しており、降伏比が80%以下であることを特徴とする、低降伏比高強度高靱性鋼板。In mass%, C: 0.02 % or more, less than 0.07%, Si: 0.01 to 0.5%, Mn: 0.5 to 2.0%, Al: 0.01 to 0.08% containing, Ti: 0.005~0.04%, Nb: 0.005~ 0.048%, V: contains two or more selected from among 0.005 to 0.10%, the balance Fe and consists unavoidable impurities, a C content and Ti in atomic%, Nb, C / is the total amount of the ratio of V (Ti + Nb + V) is 0.5 to 3.0, 2 metallographic gaff ferrite and bainite It is a phase structure (including the case of containing another metal structure of 5% or less in volume fraction) , and carbides containing two or more selected from Ti, Nb, and V are dispersed and precipitated in the bainite phase. cage, yield ratio, characterized in der Rukoto 80% or less, low yield ratio high-strength and high toughness steel plate. さらに、質量%で、Cu:0.50%以下、Ni:0.50%以下、Cr:0.50%以下、B:0.005%以下、Ca:0.0005〜0.003%の中から選ばれる1種又は2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の低降伏比高強度高靱性鋼板。Furthermore, in mass%, Cu: 0.50% or less, Ni: 0.50% or less, Cr: 0.50% or less, B: 0.005% or less, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.003% The low yield ratio high strength high toughness steel sheet according to claim 1, comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of: 請求項1または請求項2に記載の成分組成を有する鋼を、1000〜1300℃の温度に加熱し、650〜750℃の圧延終了温度で熱間圧延した後、5℃/s以上の冷却速度で300〜600℃まで加速冷却を行い、その後直ちに0.5℃/s以上の昇温速度で550〜700℃まで再加熱を行うことを特徴とする低降伏比高強度高靱性鋼板の製造方法。A steel having the component composition according to claim 1 or 2 is heated to a temperature of 1000 to 1300 ° C and hot-rolled at a rolling finish temperature of 650 to 750 ° C, and then a cooling rate of 5 ° C / s or more. A method for producing a low yield ratio high strength high toughness steel sheet characterized by performing accelerated cooling to 300 to 600 ° C. and then immediately reheating to 550 to 700 ° C. at a heating rate of 0.5 ° C./s or higher. .
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