JP3973310B2 - Detoxification method for incineration ash - Google Patents

Detoxification method for incineration ash Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3973310B2
JP3973310B2 JP35804898A JP35804898A JP3973310B2 JP 3973310 B2 JP3973310 B2 JP 3973310B2 JP 35804898 A JP35804898 A JP 35804898A JP 35804898 A JP35804898 A JP 35804898A JP 3973310 B2 JP3973310 B2 JP 3973310B2
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ash
mixture
sludge
pyrolysis
waste
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JP2000176431A (en
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誠三 藤田
玄博 山岡
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Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd
Mitsui E&S Co Ltd
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Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd
Mitsui E&S Holdings Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、家庭やオフィスなどから出される都市ごみなどの一般廃棄物や、廃プラスチックなどの産業廃棄物などを含む可燃性の廃棄物を焼却施設で焼却した焼却灰と汚泥と混合して灰混合物を生成し、この灰混合物を熱分解反応器により熱分解させ、更に、熱分解反応器に併設された溶融炉により溶融処理すると共に、前記焼却灰を再加熱処理により無害化する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
焼却灰を埋立地や焼却施設などへ移送する手段として、トラックによる輸送、ベルトコンベアによる輸送などがある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
一般に、廃棄物の焼却炉内における、燃焼温度の高低、酸素濃度の過不足あるいは燃焼の不均一などにより、焼却灰中に有害物質、例えばダイオキシンなどの芳香族系塩素化合物等が残存する。
したがって、トラックによる輸送では焼却灰のトラック荷台への積み込みやトラックからの積み卸しあるいはトラックで埋立地や処理施設へ搬送する途中に有害物質を含む焼却灰が飛散し、作業場内あるいは近隣の住宅地などが汚染される恐れがある。
【0004】
また、ベルトコンベアで輸送する場合においても、比較的短い搬送距離(10m程度)では問題とならないが、それ以上の距離(数十m以上)で搬送しようとすると複数台のコンベアで乗り継ぐ必要があり、コンベアの台数に比例してコンベアを支える構造物が大型化し、設置スペースや建設コストがかさむ。また、コンベアが多くなるために、故障頻度が相対的に増大し、メンテナンス頻度が多くなるなど、実用上、問題点が多い。これら機械的な問題点に加え、ケーシングを付けない一般のベルトコンベアは開放系の搬送手段であることから、有害物質を含む焼却灰が移送途中に飛散し、作業場内あるいは近隣の住宅地などが汚染されるという恐れがある一方で、ケーシングを付けた場合には設置スペースや建設コストを更に増大させる。
密閉系の移送手段、例えばピストンポンプなどの圧送手段によれば前記問題点は解決できるが、非粘着性の焼却灰はそのままの状態で流動性がなく移送することが難しい。
【0005】
また、焼却灰と水とを混合して移送する場合、水の混合割合を大きくする必要があり(焼却灰と水との混合比が1対5以上)、焼却灰の移送効率が著しく低下するばかりでなく、移送後に脱水処理する必要が生じ、脱水工程の追加、脱水施設の建設スペースや費用の増大などの問題が発生する。また、焼却灰を造粒等により固形化した水スラリーにして圧送する方法があるが、この場合も、造粒工程や搬送後の脱水工程に掛かる新たな費用や処理時間の増大が問題となる。本願発明者は、係る従来技術の問題に鑑み、焼却灰と汚泥を混合した灰混合物およびこの混合物の含水率に着目し、誠意研究を進めた結果、本発明に到達したものであって、その目的とするところは、焼却灰を移送する際に該焼却灰が飛散するのを防止すると共に、この焼却灰を熱分解処理と溶融処理とにより無害化する方法を提供するものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち、本発明は、焼却炉より排出された焼却灰汚泥を混合し含水が30重量%以上の灰混合物を生成し、この灰混合物をピストンポンプにより熱分解反応器へ供給する混合移送工程と、前記灰混合物と廃棄物とを前記熱分解反応器により乾留ガスと熱分解残留物とに熱分解させ、前記乾留ガスと前記熱分解残留物中の可燃性成分とを前記熱分解反応器に併設されている溶融炉へ供給し、該溶融炉で前記乾留ガスと前記可燃性成分とを前記可燃性成分中に含まれる灰分が溶融する温度で燃焼させる熱処理工程とにより、前記焼却灰を無害化する方法である。
【0007】
汚泥としては、例えば、下水汚泥、し尿汚泥、湖沼・河川・港湾等の浚渫により発生する汚泥がある。含水率が非常に高いし尿汚泥では、焼却灰の含水率にもよるが(特に焼却灰が湿灰の場合)、あらかじめ脱水処理した脱水汚泥(含水率は85重量%)として使用すれば、灰混合物の含水率の調整がより容易になる。灰混合物を熱分解反応器へ供給して熱分解させ、次いで溶融炉で溶融処理することにより、灰混合物の無害化及び減容化を行うことができる。前記熱分解反応器は、例えば、300℃〜700℃程度で灰混合物を加熱し、溶融炉は、例えば、1300℃程度で燃焼・溶融させるものである
【0008】
また、灰混合物の移送先として、廃棄物処理システムがある。このシステムは、都市ごみなどの一般廃棄物や汚泥や廃プラスチックなどの産業廃棄物の処理システムであり、廃棄物を熱分解工程、例えば熱分解反応器に入れて大気圧以下の低酸素雰囲気中で加熱し、乾留ガスと主として不揮発性成分からなる熱分解残留物とを生成し、この熱分解残留物を冷却した後、分離装置などの分離工程に供給して熱分解カーボンを主体とする可燃物と、不燃物、例えば金属類や陶器や砂利、あるいは、コンベア片等のガレキなどとに分離し、この分離された可燃物と前記乾留ガスとを燃焼器である溶融炉に導入し、この燃焼溶融炉で燃焼処理し、生じた燃焼灰を溶融スラグとなし、この溶融スラグを排出して冷却固化させるようにしたシステムである。
【0009】
また、灰混合物を廃棄物に対し1重量%〜20重量%の割合、好ましくは1重量%〜10重量%の割合で廃棄物とともに熱分解反応器に供給する焼却灰の無害化処理方法を提供する。これにより、既存及び新設のごみ熱分解溶融システムにおいて、廃棄物のみならず灰混合物を同時に焼却し、無害化処理を行うことができる。なお、上記の焼却灰として、湿(湿潤状態の焼却灰)を使用する場合は、焼却灰を湿潤させる工程を省くことができ経済的である。また、焼却灰を水処理により湿潤させた湿灰と汚泥とを混合した灰汚泥混合物としてもよい。この場合、例えば、焼却灰を排気ピットなどに一時的に貯留する場合でも、焼却灰の飛散をなくすことができ、環境汚染を防止することができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参酌しながら本発明の第1の実施の形態を説明する。
図1は、本発明の方法を実施するための系統図である。
焼却炉1で生じた焼却灰aは、分離装置2により金属類、陶器、砂利、コンクリート片などの大型不燃物cと分離され、焼却灰受入槽3に供給された後、定量切出し機4により混合供給機7に供給される。焼却灰aは乾灰(非湿潤状態の焼却灰)でもよいが、飛散を防ぐ目的などから、焼却炉1の出口近傍に備えた焼却灰押出装置や水噴霧装置などの水添加装置(図示せず)により、水を添加した湿灰にしてもよい。
【0011】
一方、汚泥bは汚泥受入槽5に供給され、この汚泥受入槽5の底部に備えられた定量切出し機6により混合供給機7に供給される。汚泥bは汚泥受入槽5に供給する前にあらかじめベルト式や遠心分離式などの脱水装置(図示せず)で脱水処理してもよい。混合供給機7に所定の割合(例えば、焼却灰と汚泥とを1対1)で供給された焼却灰aと汚泥bとは、混合供給機7に備えられている攪拌機8におり均一に攪拌混合され、灰混合物dとなる。なお、混合物dに適量の水eを補充して含水率を調整できるようになっている。また、混合供給機7は、脱臭設備10を備えていて、排ガスを脱臭処理した後、大気へ放出する。脱臭設備10は、例えば活性炭充填塔、脱臭燃焼炉などである。
【0012】
汚泥は、その種類により含水率が異なっているが一般的であり、焼却灰についても前述の如く、乾灰と湿灰の2種類があり、それぞれ含水率が異なっている。
これら被混合物の含水率は、通常、次のとおりとなる。
・乾灰:含水率0重量%
・湿灰:含水率22重量%〜35重量%
・し尿脱水汚泥:含水率83〜88重量%
・下水脱水汚泥:含水率75〜80重量%
前記含水率に加え、焼却灰と汚泥の混合割合によっても、灰混合物の含水率は異なってくる。
【0013】
例えば、乾灰(含水率0重量%)とし尿脱水汚泥(含水率85重量%)を1対1で混合した灰混合物の含水率は42.5重量%となる。
湿灰とし尿汚泥の混合比率については、1対0.14以上の範囲、好ましくは1対0.2以上であれば、灰混合物の移送は良好に行うことができる。
【0014】
均一に攪拌混合された灰混合物dは、混合供給機7の底部に備えられている押出機9、例えば少なくとも1軸以上のスクリューフィーダやプッシャーなどによってピストンポンプ11に供給される。ピストンポンプに送られた灰混合物dは、鋼管、塩ビ管などの輸送パイプ12により、処理設備、例えば流動床式焼却炉13へ圧送する。この流動床式焼却炉13において、灰混合物dはスプレッダ14から供給される。そして、昇温バーナ15から火炎が、散気管16を有する空気ヘッダー17から流動化空気tが、二次空気入口18から二次空気が、流動媒体入口19から流動媒体(例えば、砂など)がそれぞれ供給され、流動化空気tの作用により、灰混合物dは流動化媒体とともに流動層20を形成し燃焼する。燃焼排ガスは塔頂部の排ガス出口21から炉外へ排出される。灰混合物の燃焼後の不燃物は空気ヘッダー17の隙間から落下し、不燃物抜出機21により炉外へ抜き出し処理される。その他の付帯設備は、一般的な流動床式焼却炉に準ずる。
なお、ピストンポンプの能力にもよるが、灰混合物の移送が中長距離、例えば1km以上に渡る場合、混合供給機7から移送先(処理施設や埋立地など)の間に2以上の複数のピストンポンプを配置するのが好ましい。
【0015】
また、灰混合物の移送先を前記流動床式焼却炉に代えて燃焼溶融炉にすれば、灰混合物は溶融スラグ化され、さらに灰混合物の無害化および減容化を図ることができる。燃焼溶融炉は、通常、竪型筒状の炉本体に、被燃焼物の供給口、点火バーナ、一次空気ノズル、二次空気ノズルおよび必要に応じ三次空気ノズルなどが所定間隔をおいて配置され、炉本体下部に溶融スラグ排出口と炉本体上部又は下部に排ガス通路が設けられた構造になっている。そして、被燃焼物の供給口から供給された灰混合物は約1,300℃の高温域で燃焼され、この燃焼により生じた燃焼灰は溶融し、溶融スラグとなって炉本体の内壁に付着して流下し、前記溶融スラグ排出口から排出され、冷却装置により冷却固化される。
本実施例では、灰混合物の移送先を流動床式焼却炉および燃焼溶融炉の場合について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定するものではなく、ストーカー式焼却炉横型回転ドラム式の熱分解炉などの処理設備もしくは埋立処分地でもよい。
【0016】
以下では、本発明者らが行った上述のような構成の実験データについて示す。
1.焼却灰と汚泥(し尿汚泥)を、混合比1対1.2以上の範囲で混合して灰混合物を形成し、これをピストンポンプで配管長15m、配管径80A(外径89.1mm、鋼管厚7.6mm)、実吐出量2m/hで移送した。このときの配管1m当たりの圧力損失は0.6kg/cmであり、灰混合物の移送を良好に行うことができた。表1は、灰混合物の移送試験結果を示す表であり、焼却灰は乾灰(非湿潤状態の焼却灰)と湿灰(水を添加して湿潤させた焼却灰)の2種類を適宜選択して使用した。また、灰混合物の含水率を調整するために水添加を行ったものと水を添加していないものの区分についても、表示している。
【0017】
この表1を見ると、灰混合物の含水量が30重量%以上では移送が良好に行なえるが、30重量%未満になると移送不可もしくは移送に支障を来すことが分る。また、焼却灰と汚泥との混合比率は、1:0.14以上の範囲、好ましくは、1:0.2の範囲で良好に移送を行うことができる。
灰混合物dは、汚泥自体や脱水汚泥自体よりも臭気が低下しているが、その理由は、焼却灰自体に脱臭作用があるためではないかと思われる。このため、図1における混合供給機7に備えられている脱臭設備10の負荷は、し尿汚泥や下水汚泥の脱臭設備に比べ相対的に軽減される。
【0018】
【表1】

Figure 0003973310
【0019】
2.焼却灰と汚泥(し尿汚泥)とを、混合比1対0.33以上の範囲で混合し灰混合物とし、ピストンポンプで配管長15m、配管径100A(外径114.3mm、鋼管厚8.6mm)、実吐出量2.82m/hで移送した。ピストンポンプは必要揚程45kg/m程度のものを適宜選択した。このときの配管1m当たりの圧力損失は、図2に示すように、0.2〜0.3kg/cmであり、移送は良好に行うことができた。なお、図2は、焼却灰と汚泥との混合比と圧力損失の関係を示したもので、混合比は、し尿汚泥を1としたときの焼却灰の混合割合は、0〜3である。また、○印は1回目のテスト結果、●印は2回目のテスト結果をそれぞれ示している。
【0020】
図2から分かるように、焼却灰と汚泥との混合比に対する圧力損失はほとんど変わらないか、混合比が増加するに従ってやや圧力損失の低下が見られることは驚くべきことである。その理由は、灰混合物の圧送中に輸送パイプの内壁面に接している灰混合物の外表面に灰混合物に含まれている液状物がしみ出して潤滑剤の役目を果しているか、もしくは、固形物(焼却灰)に粘性体を混合させているので、高粘性流体のみの場合に比べ粘性が低下しているためではないかと思われる。
【0021】
次に、本発明の第2の実施例について説明する。図3は、本発明の第2の実施例であり、灰混合物の混合移送工程Aと熱処理工程Bの2系統から構成されている。なお、図1と同一符号の部材は図1を参照して説明した第1の実施例と同様の部材であり、詳細な説明は省略する。
【0022】
灰混合物の混合移送工程Aは、前述した実施例1と同様の構成からなり、ピストンポンプ11に供給送られた灰混合物dは、輸送パイプ12により、熱処理工程Bにおける熱分解反応器31のシュート32内に圧送される。前記シュート32には、例えば、少なくとも1軸によるスクリューコンベア、プッシャーなどによるごみ供給コンベア33によって一般家庭等から排出された都市ごみや産業廃棄物などの廃棄物fが供給されるが、灰混合物dは、廃棄物の量に対して所定の割合、例えば1重量%乃至20重量%となるように供給される。おな、廃棄物fは、予め、図示しない破砕機によって所定の時さ(例えば150mm以下の大きさ)に破砕されている。
【0023】
熱処理工程Bは、図2に示すように、熱分解反応器31の内部がラインL1により供給される加熱空気gにより300〜600℃、通常は、450℃に加熱される一方、誘引送風機34により大気圧以下の雰囲気に保持されている。しかして、熱分解ドラム31内に供給された廃棄物fと灰混合物dは、熱分解し、乾留ガスhと熱分解残留物iとになる。乾留ガスhは、熱分解ドラム31の出口に設置されている排出装置35内で熱分解残留物iから分離し、ラインL2を通って燃焼機である溶融炉36のバーナー37に供給される。
【0024】
一方、熱分解残留物iは、冷却装置38により発火の恐れがない温度(例えば、80℃程度)まで冷却された後、図示しない粉砕機にて粉砕される。粉砕された熱分解残留物iは、分離装置39に供給され、可燃性成分jと不燃焼性成分kとに分離される。不燃焼性成分kは、コンテナ40に貯溜され、可燃性成分jは、ラインL3を経て溶融炉36のバーナー37に供給される。
溶融炉36のバーナー37に供給された可燃性成分jは、ラインL2を経て供給される乾留ガスhや、送風機41からラインL4を経て供給される燃焼用空気mとを混合して激しく燃焼し(燃焼温度は約1300℃程度になる)、可燃性成分j中に含まれる灰分と集塵装置42から溶融炉36内に戻される燃焼灰は、溶融してスラグnとなって水槽43内に流下し、冷却固化される。
【0025】
溶融炉36から排出された燃焼排ガスpは、空気加熱器44及び廃熱ボイラ45にて熱回収された後、ラインL5を経て集塵装置42やガス洗浄装置46によって浄化され、比較的低温のクリーンな排ガスpとなって煙突47から大気中に放出される。なお、図2中、符号48は廃熱ボイラ45で発生した蒸気で発電する発電装置を示している。なお、熱処理工程は、前記実施例では1系統(熱処理工程B)の場合について説明したが、二つの系列の熱処理工程B,B′を備えてもよく、この場合、一方の熱処理工程Bの定期点検に入るときは、切り換えて他の一方の熱処理工程B′を運転するようになっている。他方の熱処理工程B′は、上記の熱処理工程Bと同構造のため、詳しい説明を省略する。
【0026】
以上の説明では、混合物dの圧送先が熱分解ドラム31を含む廃棄物処理設備30の場合について説明したが、これに限らず、混合物dの移送先は、例えば、通常の流動層焼却炉、流動床式熱分解反応器、燃焼溶融炉などの熱分解焼却処理手段、もしくは埋立地でもよい。
また、乾灰aと汚泥bとを混合させた混合物dを圧送する場合について説明したが、乾灰と脱水汚泥とを混合させた混合物、湿灰と汚泥とを混合させた混合物あるいは湿灰と脱水汚泥とを混合させた混合物でも同様に圧送できる。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
上記のように、本発明は、焼却炉から排出された焼却灰に汚泥を混合した灰混合物を熱分解反応器と溶融炉とによる再加熱処理により、この焼却灰を無害化することができる。また、前記灰混合物をピストンポンプにより輸送パイプを介して圧送することにより、灰混合物を中長距離(数百mから数km先まで)圧送することができる。さらには、汚泥自体の悪臭低減効果も生ずる。また、ピストンポンプと輸送パイプとを用いて圧送するため、故障頻度が相対的に低く、かつ、メンテナンス性に優れる上、定量安定供給が可能なため、焼却灰を効率よく無害化処理することができ、工業上、有利である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の方法の第1の実施の形態を示す系統図である。
【図2】混合比と圧力損失の関係を示す図である。
【図3】本発明の方法の第2の実施の形態を示す系統図である。
【符号の説明】
a 焼却灰
汚泥
c 不燃物
d 灰混合物
e 水
f 廃棄物
g 加熱空気
h 乾留ガス
i 熱分解残留物
j 可燃性成分
k 不燃焼性成分
p 燃焼排ガス
t 流動化空気
L1 加熱空気供給ライン
L2 乾留ガス供給ライン
L3 可燃性成分供給ライン
L4 燃焼用空気供給ライン
L5 燃焼排ガスライン
混合移送工程
熱処理工程
B′ 別系統の熱処理工程
1 焼却炉
2 分離装置
3 焼却灰受入槽
4,6 定量切出し機
5 汚泥受入槽
7 混合供給機
8 攪拌機
9 押出機
10 脱臭設備
11 ピストンポンプ
12 輸送パイプ
13 流動床式焼却炉
14 スプレッダ
15 昇温バーナ
16 散気管
17 空気ヘッダー
18 二次空気入口
19 流動媒体入口
20 流動層
21 不燃物抜出機
30 廃棄物処理設備
31 熱分解反応器
32 シュート
33 ごみ供給コンベア
34 誘引送風機
35 排出装置
36 溶融炉
37 バーナー
38 冷却装置
39 分離装置
40 コンテナ
41 送風機
42 集塵装置
43 水槽
44 空気加熱器
45 廃熱ボイラ
46 ガス洗浄装置
47 煙突
48 発電装置[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally waste and such as municipal waste, which is issued from, such as a home or office, the flammable waste was mixed with incineration the ash and sludge incineration facilities, including industrial waste, such as waste plastic how to generate the ash mixture, the ash mixture is thermally decomposed by the thermal decomposition reactor, further, the melt processed by melting furnace provided together in the pyrolysis reactor, to detoxify the reheating treatment the ash Te It is about.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As means for transferring incineration ash to landfills or incineration facilities, there are transportation by truck, transportation by belt conveyor, and the like.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In general, harmful substances such as aromatic chlorine compounds such as dioxin remain in the incineration ash due to high or low combustion temperature, excessive or insufficient oxygen concentration, or uneven combustion in a waste incinerator.
Therefore, in transport by truck, incineration ash containing hazardous substances is scattered on the way to loading / unloading of incineration ash onto a truck bed, loading / unloading from a truck, or transporting to a landfill or treatment facility by truck. There is a risk of contamination.
[0004]
Also, when transporting on a belt conveyor, there is no problem with a relatively short transport distance (about 10 m), but if it is transported over a distance (several tens of meters or more), it is necessary to transfer on multiple conveyors. The structure supporting the conveyor becomes larger in proportion to the number of conveyors, which increases installation space and construction cost. Further, since the number of conveyors increases, there are many practical problems such as a relatively increased failure frequency and increased maintenance frequency. In addition to these mechanical problems, a general belt conveyor without a casing is an open-type transport means, so incinerated ash containing harmful substances scatters during the transfer, leaving the workplace or nearby residential areas. While there is a risk of contamination, the installation space and construction costs are further increased when the casing is attached.
Although the above-mentioned problem can be solved by a closed-system transfer means, for example, a pressure-feed means such as a piston pump, the non-adhesive incineration ash is not fluid and is difficult to transfer.
[0005]
Moreover, when mixing and transferring incineration ash and water, it is necessary to increase the mixing ratio of water (the mixing ratio of incineration ash and water is 1 to 5 or more), and the transfer efficiency of incineration ash is significantly reduced. In addition, it is necessary to perform a dehydration process after the transfer, which causes problems such as addition of a dehydration process, increase in construction space and cost of the dehydration facility. In addition, there is a method of pumping incinerated ash into water slurry solidified by granulation or the like, but also in this case, new costs and increase in processing time in the granulation process and the dehydration process after transportation become a problem. . In view of the problems of the related art, the inventor of the present application focused on the ash mixture mixed with incinerated ash and sludge and the water content of this mixture, and as a result of conducting sincerity research, the present inventors reached the present invention, and The object is to provide a method for preventing the incineration ash from being scattered when the incineration ash is transferred and detoxifying the incineration ash by a thermal decomposition treatment and a melting treatment .
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention, the water content generates a 30% or more by weight of the ash mixture is mixed with ash and sludge discharged from the incinerator, supplied to Rinetsu decomposition reactor by the ash mixture to a piston pump The ash mixture and waste are pyrolyzed into dry distillation gas and pyrolysis residue by the pyrolysis reactor, and the dry distillation gas and combustible components in the pyrolysis residue are supplied to the melting furnace that are parallel in the pyrolysis reactor, by a heat treatment step of ash contained and said combustible component and the dry-distilled gas in the combustible components in the melting furnace is burned in a temperature for melting, This is a method for detoxifying the incineration ash.
[0007]
Examples of sludge include sewage sludge, human waste sludge, and sludge generated by dredging such as lakes, rivers, and harbors. For sewage sludge with a very high moisture content, depending on the moisture content of the incineration ash (especially when the incineration ash is wet ash), if used as dewatered sludge (water content is 85% by weight) that has been dehydrated in advance, It becomes easier to adjust the water content of the mixture. The ash mixture can be detoxified and reduced in volume by supplying the ash mixture to a pyrolysis reactor for thermal decomposition and then subjecting it to melting in a melting furnace. The pyrolysis reactor heats the ash mixture at about 300 ° C. to 700 ° C., for example, and the melting furnace burns and melts at about 1300 ° C., for example .
[0008]
There is a waste treatment system as a transfer destination of the ash mixture. This system is a treatment system for municipal waste and other general waste and industrial waste such as sludge and waste plastic, and puts the waste in a pyrolysis process, for example, in a pyrolysis reactor, in a low oxygen atmosphere below atmospheric pressure. Is heated to produce pyrolysis residue consisting of dry distillation gas and mainly non-volatile components, and after cooling this pyrolysis residue, it is supplied to a separation process such as a separation device and combustible mainly composed of pyrolysis carbon And incombustible material, such as metal, ceramics, gravel, or debris such as conveyor pieces, and the separated combustible material and the dry distillation gas are introduced into a melting furnace as a combustor. In this system, the combustion ash is burned in a combustion melting furnace, the resulting combustion ash is made into molten slag, and the molten slag is discharged and cooled and solidified.
[0009]
Also provided is a method for detoxifying incinerated ash that supplies an ash mixture to a pyrolysis reactor together with waste at a rate of 1% to 20% by weight, preferably 1% to 10% by weight. To do. Thereby, in the existing and new waste pyrolysis melting systems, not only the waste but also the ash mixture can be incinerated at the same time to perform the detoxification process. Incidentally, as the incineration ash, when using a wet ash (ash of humid state), it is economical it is possible to omit the step of wetting the ash. Moreover, it is good also as an ash sludge mixture which mixed the wet ash and sludge which moistened the incineration ash by water treatment. In this case, for example, even when the incineration ash is temporarily stored in an exhaust pit or the like, scattering of the incineration ash can be eliminated and environmental pollution can be prevented.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram for carrying out the method of the present invention.
The incineration ash a generated in the incinerator 1 is separated from a large incombustible material c such as metals, ceramics, gravel, concrete pieces, etc. by the separation device 2 and supplied to the incineration ash receiving tank 3. It is supplied to the mixing supply machine 7. The incineration ash a may be dry ash (non-wet incineration ash), but for the purpose of preventing scattering, a water addition device (not shown) such as an incineration ash extrusion device or a water spray device provided near the exit of the incinerator 1. To make wet ash with water added.
[0011]
On the other hand, the sludge b is supplied to the sludge receiving tank 5, and is supplied to the mixing / supplying machine 7 by the quantitative cutting machine 6 provided at the bottom of the sludge receiving tank 5. The sludge b may be dehydrated in advance by a belt-type or centrifugal-type dehydrator (not shown) before being supplied to the sludge receiving tank 5. The incineration ash a and sludge b supplied to the mixing supply machine 7 at a predetermined ratio (for example, incineration ash and sludge one-to-one) are stirred uniformly in the agitator 8 provided in the mixing supply machine 7. The mixture becomes an ash mixture d. The water content can be adjusted by supplementing the mixture d with an appropriate amount of water e. Moreover, the mixing supply machine 7 is provided with the deodorizing equipment 10, and discharge | releases it to air | atmosphere after deodorizing exhaust gas. The deodorizing equipment 10 is, for example, an activated carbon packed tower, a deodorizing combustion furnace, or the like.
[0012]
Sludge has a different moisture content depending on its type, and in general, there are two types of incinerated ash, dry ash and wet ash, as described above, each having a different moisture content.
The water content of these mixtures is usually as follows.
・ Dry ash: moisture content 0% by weight
-Wet ash: Moisture content 22 wt%-35 wt%
・ Human dehydrated sludge: moisture content 83-88 wt%
・ Sewage dewatered sludge: moisture content 75-80% by weight
In addition to the moisture content, the moisture content of the ash mixture varies depending on the mixing ratio of incinerated ash and sludge.
[0013]
For example, the moisture content of an ash mixture obtained by mixing dry ash (water content: 0% by weight) and urine dehydrated sludge (water content: 85% by weight) in a 1: 1 ratio is 42.5% by weight.
If the mixing ratio of wet ash and urine sludge is in the range of 1 to 0.14 or more, preferably 1 to 0.2 or more, the ash mixture can be transferred well.
[0014]
The ash mixture d that is uniformly stirred and mixed is supplied to the piston pump 11 by an extruder 9 provided at the bottom of the mixing and supplying machine 7, for example, a screw feeder or pusher having at least one shaft. The ash mixture d sent to the piston pump is pumped to a processing facility such as a fluidized bed incinerator 13 through a transport pipe 12 such as a steel pipe or a vinyl chloride pipe. In the fluidized bed incinerator 13, the ash mixture d is supplied from a spreader 14. A flame is generated from the temperature raising burner 15, fluidized air t is transmitted from the air header 17 having the diffuser pipe 16, secondary air is transmitted from the secondary air inlet 18, and fluidized medium (for example, sand) is transmitted from the fluidized medium inlet 19. The ash mixture d is supplied with the fluidized air t and forms a fluidized bed 20 together with the fluidized medium to burn. The combustion exhaust gas is discharged out of the furnace from the exhaust gas outlet 21 at the top of the tower. The incombustible material after burning of the ash mixture falls from the gap of the air header 17 and is extracted outside the furnace by the incombustible material extractor 21. Other ancillary equipment conforms to a general fluidized bed incinerator.
Depending on the capacity of the piston pump, when the ash mixture is transferred over a medium to long distance, for example, 1 km or more, a plurality of two or more plurals are provided between the mixing feeder 7 and the transfer destination (processing facility, landfill, etc.). A piston pump is preferably arranged.
[0015]
Further, if the ash mixture is transferred to a combustion melting furnace instead of the fluidized bed incinerator, the ash mixture is melted into slag, and the ash mixture can be made harmless and volume-reduced. Combustion and melting furnaces usually have a combustion chamber supply port, an ignition burner, a primary air nozzle, a secondary air nozzle, and a tertiary air nozzle, if necessary, arranged at predetermined intervals in a vertical cylindrical furnace body. The molten slag discharge port is provided at the lower part of the furnace body and the exhaust gas passage is provided at the upper or lower part of the furnace body. The ash mixture supplied from the supply port of the combusted material is burned in a high temperature range of about 1,300 ° C., and the combustion ash generated by this combustion is melted and becomes molten slag and adheres to the inner wall of the furnace body. The molten slag is discharged from the outlet and is solidified by a cooling device.
In the present embodiment, the transfer destination of the ash mixture has been described in the case of a fluidized bed incinerator and a combustion melting furnace, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a stalker type incinerator horizontal rotary drum type pyrolysis furnace It may be a processing facility such as a landfill site.
[0016]
Below, it shows about the experimental data of the above structures which the present inventors performed.
1. Incinerated ash and sludge (night soil sludge), are mixed in a mixing ratio of 1: 1.2 or more ranges to form ash mixture, pipe length 15m this piston pump, pipe diameter 80A (outer diameter 89.1Mm, steel It was transferred at a thickness of 7.6 mm) and an actual discharge rate of 2 m 3 / h. At this time, the pressure loss per 1 m of the pipe was 0.6 kg / cm 2 , and the ash mixture was successfully transferred. Table 1 is a table showing the results of the ash mixture transfer test, and two types of incineration ash are appropriately selected: dry ash (non-wet incineration ash) and wet ash (incineration ash moistened with water). Used. In addition, the classification of those with water added to adjust the moisture content of the ash mixture and those without water added are also shown.
[0017]
From Table 1, it can be seen that when the water content of the ash mixture is 30% by weight or more, the transfer can be performed satisfactorily, but when it is less than 30% by weight , the transfer cannot be performed or the transfer is hindered. In addition, the mixing ratio between the incinerated ash and the sludge can be favorably transferred within a range of 1: 0.14 or more, preferably within a range of 1: 0.2.
The ash mixture d has a lower odor than the sludge itself or the dehydrated sludge itself, but the reason seems to be that the incinerated ash itself has a deodorizing action. For this reason, the load of the deodorizing equipment 10 provided in the mixing and supplying machine 7 in FIG. 1 is relatively reduced as compared with the deodorizing equipment of human waste sludge and sewage sludge.
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003973310
[0019]
2. Incinerated ash and sludge (sewage sludge) are mixed in a mixture ratio of 1: 0.33 or more to make an ash mixture, and the piston pump has a pipe length of 15 m, a pipe diameter of 100 A (outer diameter of 114.3 mm, steel pipe thickness of 8.6 mm) ), And an actual discharge amount of 2.82 m 3 / h. Piston pump was selected as appropriate in order required lift 45 kg / m 2. At this time, the pressure loss per 1 m of the pipe was 0.2 to 0.3 kg / cm 2 as shown in FIG. 2 , and the transfer could be performed satisfactorily. FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the mixing ratio of incinerated ash and sludge and the pressure loss. The mixing ratio is 0 to 3 when the mixing ratio of human waste sludge is 1. Further, ◯ indicates the first test result, and ● indicates the second test result.
[0020]
As can be seen from FIG. 2, it is surprising that the pressure loss with respect to the mixing ratio of incinerated ash and sludge hardly changes, or that the pressure loss is slightly reduced as the mixing ratio increases. The reason is that during the pumping of the ash mixture, the liquid material contained in the ash mixture oozes out to the outer surface of the ash mixture that is in contact with the inner wall surface of the transport pipe, or the solid material It seems that the viscosity is reduced compared to the case of high viscosity fluid alone because the viscous material is mixed with (incineration ash).
[0021]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, which is composed of two systems of mixing and transferring step A and heat treatment step B of the ash mixture. 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0022]
The mixing and transferring step A of the ash mixture has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment described above, and the ash mixture d supplied to the piston pump 11 is sent to the chute of the thermal decomposition reactor 31 in the heat treatment step B by the transport pipe 12. 32 is pumped. The chute 32 is supplied with waste f such as municipal waste and industrial waste discharged from a general household by a dust supply conveyor 33 such as a screw conveyor or a pusher using at least one shaft. Is supplied at a predetermined ratio to the amount of waste, for example, 1 wt% to 20 wt%. The waste f is crushed in advance by a crusher (not shown) at a predetermined time (for example, a size of 150 mm or less).
[0023]
In the heat treatment step B, as shown in FIG. 2, the inside of the pyrolysis reactor 31 is heated to 300 to 600 ° C., usually 450 ° C. by the heated air g supplied by the line L 1. It is maintained in an atmosphere below atmospheric pressure. Thus, the waste f and the ash mixture d supplied into the pyrolysis drum 31 are pyrolyzed into a dry distillation gas h and a pyrolysis residue i. The dry distillation gas h is separated from the pyrolysis residue i in a discharge device 35 installed at the outlet of the pyrolysis drum 31, and is supplied to a burner 37 of a melting furnace 36 as a combustor through a line L2.
[0024]
On the other hand, the pyrolysis residue i is cooled to a temperature at which there is no risk of ignition (for example, about 80 ° C.) by the cooling device 38 and then pulverized by a pulverizer (not shown). The pulverized thermal decomposition residue i is supplied to the separation device 39 and separated into a combustible component j and an incombustible component k. The incombustible component k is stored in the container 40, and the combustible component j is supplied to the burner 37 of the melting furnace 36 via the line L3.
The combustible component j supplied to the burner 37 of the melting furnace 36 is vigorously burned by mixing the dry distillation gas h supplied via the line L2 and the combustion air m supplied from the blower 41 via the line L4. (The combustion temperature is about 1300 ° C.) The ash contained in the combustible component j and the combustion ash returned from the dust collector 42 into the melting furnace 36 are melted into slag n in the water tank 43. It flows down and is cooled and solidified.
[0025]
The combustion exhaust gas p discharged from the melting furnace 36 is recovered by the air heater 44 and the waste heat boiler 45, and then purified by the dust collector 42 and the gas cleaning device 46 via the line L5. Clean exhaust gas p is discharged from the chimney 47 into the atmosphere. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 48 indicates a power generation device that generates power with steam generated in the waste heat boiler 45. The heat treatment process, the case has been described in one system (heat treatment step B) in Example, the heat treatment step B of two series may comprise a B ', in this case, one of the heat treatment step B periodically When entering the inspection, the other one heat treatment step B ′ is operated by switching. Since the other heat treatment step B ′ has the same structure as the heat treatment step B, detailed description thereof is omitted.
[0026]
In the above description, the case where the pumping destination of the mixture d is the waste treatment facility 30 including the pyrolysis drum 31 is described. However, the transfer destination of the mixture d is not limited to this, for example, a normal fluidized bed incinerator, Pyrolysis incineration means such as a fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor or combustion melting furnace, or a landfill may be used.
Moreover, although the case where the mixture d which mixed dry ash a and sludge b was pumped was demonstrated, the mixture which mixed dry ash and dehydrated sludge, the mixture which mixed wet ash and sludge, or wet ash and A mixture obtained by mixing with dewatered sludge can be pumped in the same manner.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the incineration ash can be rendered harmless by reheating the ash mixture obtained by mixing the sludge with the incineration ash discharged from the incinerator using the thermal decomposition reactor and the melting furnace . Further, the ash mixture by pumping through a transport pipe by the piston pump, (up to several km away from a few hundred m) medium long distances ash mixture can be pumped. Furthermore, the bad smell reduction effect of sludge itself is also produced . In addition, because it is pumped using a piston pump and a transport pipe, the failure frequency is relatively low, maintenance is excellent, and quantitative stable supply is possible, so the incineration ash can be made harmless efficiently. This is industrially advantageous.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a first embodiment of a method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a relationship between a mixing ratio and a pressure loss.
FIG. 3 is a system diagram showing a second embodiment of the method of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
a incinerated ash b sludge c incombustible material d ash mixture e water f waste g heated air h dry distillation gas i pyrolysis residue j combustible component k incombustible component p combustion exhaust gas t fluidized air L1 heated air supply line L2 dry distillation Gas supply line L3 Combustible component supply line L4 Combustion air supply line L5 Combustion exhaust gas line A Mixing and transferring process B Heat treatment process B 'Separate heat treatment process 1 Incinerator 2 Separator 3 Incineration ash receiving tank 4, 6 5 Sludge Receiving Tank 7 Mixing Feeder 8 Stirrer 9 Extruder 10 Deodorizing Equipment 11 Piston Pump 12 Transport Pipe 13 Fluidized Bed Incinerator 14 Spreader 15 Heating Burner 16 Aeration Pipe 17 Air Header 18 Secondary Air Inlet 19 Fluid Medium Inlet 20 Fluidized bed 21 Incombustible material removal machine 30 Waste treatment facility 31 Pyrolysis reactor 32 Chute 33 Garbage supply conveyor 34 Induction fan 35 Out device 36 melting furnace 37 burner 38 cooler 39 separator 40 container 41 blower 42 dust collector 43 water tank 44 air heater 45 waste-heat boiler 46 gas scrubber 47 chimney 48 turbine generator

Claims (2)

焼却炉より排出された焼却灰汚泥を混合し含水が30重量%以上の灰混合物を生成し、この灰混合物をピストンポンプにより熱分解反応器へ供給する混合移送工程と、
前記灰混合物と廃棄物とを前記熱分解反応器により乾留ガスと熱分解残留物とに熱分解させ、前記乾留ガスと前記熱分解残留物中の可燃性成分とを前記熱分解反応器に併設されている溶融炉へ供給し、該溶融炉で前記乾留ガスと前記可燃性成分とを前記可燃性成分中に含まれる灰分が溶融する温度で燃焼させる熱処理工程とにより、前記焼却灰を無害化することを特徴とする焼却灰の無害化処理方法。
By mixing the been incinerated ash and sludge discharged from the incinerator moisture content produces a 30% or more by weight of the ash mixture, a mixed transfer step of feeding the ash mixture to Rinetsu decomposition reactor by the piston pump,
The ash mixture and waste are pyrolyzed into dry distillation gas and pyrolysis residue by the pyrolysis reactor, and the pyrolysis gas and combustible components in the pyrolysis residue are attached to the pyrolysis reactor. supplied to the melting furnace being, by a heat treatment step of ash contained and said combustible component and the dry-distilled gas in the combustible components in the melting furnace is burned in a temperature for melting, detoxifying the ash detoxification method of the baked却灰you characterized by.
前記熱分解反応器に供給される廃棄物の重量に対して1重量%乃至20重量%の割合で灰混合物前記熱分解反応器に供給することを特徴とする請求項1記載の焼却灰の無害化処理方法。Incineration it Motomeko 1 wherein you said supplying ash mixture in a proportion of 1 wt% to 20 wt% relative to the weight of the waste fed to the pyrolysis reactor to the pyrolysis reactor Ash detoxification method.
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