JP3967956B2 - How to collect surface soil - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for collecting surface soil.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a planting method using a plant has been implemented as a slope protection method. This is to protect the slope from raindrops and water flow and to green the slope.
Although it is very useful and can be planted early, it has not necessarily adapted to the surrounding ecosystem.
[0003]
Therefore, in recent years, due to considerations such as biodiversity and prevention of genetic disturbance, there is an increasing demand for using plants around the development site. There is a growing tendency to collect forest surface soil containing seeds of plants growing there from the surface soil in the site and the forest around the development site, and to use this forest surface soil for the revegetation method, It is being implemented.
[0004]
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a slope planting method using a local plant. In FIG. 7, N is a greening target surface generated by development (slope in this example), W is a forest adjacent to the greening target surface N, A is a fallen seed and a buried seed (hereinafter referred to as a buried seed a ), A vacuum collection means for collecting the surface soil 21 in the collection area A, 23 a storage tank for storing the collected surface soil 21, 24 a transporter, 25 a spraying machine , 26 is a net laid on the greening target surface N, and 27 is a greening material.
[0005]
That is, by collecting the surface soil 21 in the region A in the forest W adjacent to the greening target surface N by using the vacuum collecting means 22 or the like, for example, the old fallen leaves on the slope surface and the local plants included therein are buried. The soil seed a is collected as a vegetation material. Then, a vegetation base material is mixed with this vegetation material to form a greening material 27, and this greening material 27 is sprayed on the slope N as a guest soil material. Thus, the slope N can be greened by utilizing the buried seed a in the adjacent area (surface fallen leaf collection area) A. This greening using local plants is attracting attention as a desirable construction method from the viewpoint of quickly adapting the greening target surface N generated by development to the surrounding environment and recovering it.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the forest surface soil 21 used for the use of buried seeds is fertilized soil that has been formed over the years, and is rich in nutrients and provides natural nutrients to increase the strength of trees to cover the nutrients of trees. Is. In particular, since trees absorb nutrients in the vicinity of the topsoil at the roots, the forest surface soil 21 supplies nutrients to the trees in the forest W, maintains the ecosystem in the forest W, and maintains forest plants such as trees. It plays an important role in fulfilling forest-specific functions such as renewal and transition (hereinafter referred to as forest function). For this reason, there is a concern that removing a large amount of the surface soil 21 from the forest W adversely affects the tree vigor of existing trees and triggers forest collapse.
[0007]
On the other hand, if the area to be planted N of the development site is large, it is necessary to use a large number of buried seeds a to perform planting using local plants. The surface soil 21 had to be collected from A. And the larger the area of the sampling region A from which the surface soil 21 is sampled, the more likely the sampling region A will inhibit the forest function.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned matters, and its purpose is to collect and use surface soil from the forest surface soil around the construction site in order to green the planting target surface using local plants. Furthermore, it is to provide a method for collecting surface soil that can restore the ground surface after collection to the condition before collection as soon as possible.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the method for collecting surface soil according to the present invention is characterized in that surface soil is collected from a plurality of collection regions and an organic material is seeded or sprayed on each collection region (claims). Item 1).
[0010]
[0011]
[0012]
[0013]
Therefore, since the amount of surface soil collected from each collection area is small, the influence on the ecosystem due to the collection of surface soil can be minimized. In addition, since there are many existing trees and herbs in the forest, raindrops rarely reach the ground surface directly, and the water flow caused by rain is weakened by the surface soil around the sampling area. Therefore, in the present invention, by collecting surface soil from a plurality of collection areas and reducing each collection area, it is possible to accelerate the restoration of the surface soil in each collection area. Can be reduced.
[0014]
In addition, by sowing or spraying an organic material on each sampling region, it is possible to cover the ground surface with raindrops and running water by covering with the organic material in place of the surface soil. In addition, the organic material in the collection region is decomposed by microorganisms and the like to form a good humus, and supplies nutrients necessary for the successful growth of seeds sequentially released from existing trees and herbs. In addition, the life of animals in the forest and the rain and wind will gradually diffuse, release leaves, and release seeds to restore the original surface soil.
[0015]
In the case where the collection region is a substantially contour line and a belt-like region (Claim 2 ), the flow velocity of running water caused by rainfall or the like can be effectively suppressed by the existing surface soil. And since the spreading | diffusion of the soil microorganisms from the surface layer soil located up and down of a collection area | region tends to arise, a collection area | region can return to an original state easily. In addition, work efficiency can be improved by collecting the surface soil while moving in a substantially contour line. The width of the strip-shaped sampling region is preferably 1 m or less, and may be about 1 to 2 m, but is preferably 4 m or less.
[0016]
When the collection regions are small-area regions arranged in a staggered manner (claim 3 ), the intervals between the collection regions are the same in all directions. Spreading easily occurs, and the impact on the ecosystem can be reduced accordingly.
[0017]
In the zigzag arrangement, it is desirable that the intervals between adjacent sampling regions be approximately the same and the area of each sampling region is kept small. Therefore, a checkered pattern may be drawn depending on the collection area. In addition, each sampling region may be provided in a dotted manner to widen the interval. In any case, each sampling region is preferably a quadrangle having a side of about 1 to 4 m square, and more preferably a quadrangle having a side of 1 to 2 m square or other shape having an area corresponding to these.
[0018]
When the collection area is a small area that is randomly arranged (claim 4 ), soil microorganisms can easily diffuse from the surrounding area into the collection area, and the impact on the ecosystem can be reduced. The area layout can be changed flexibly according to the forest situation. For example, it is possible to reduce the impact on the ecosystem as much as possible according to the situation of the place by randomly selecting the part where fallen leaves and flying seed pools occur and selecting this as the collection area It is. In addition, each sampling region is preferably a quadrangle having a side of about 1 to 4 m square, and more preferably a quadrangle having a side of 1 to 2 m square or another shape having an area corresponding to these.
[0019]
When mixing the above-mentioned organic material with chips from local plant waste, the local plant waste resulting from development is not disposed of as industrial waste, but effectively used as organic material. Desirable to return to nature. In addition, since these waste chips are eventually corroded by microorganisms and the like, the nutrients necessary for the growth of the next growing plant in the collection area can be obtained.
[0020]
When mixing at least one of bark compost, wood chips, rice straw, peat moss, etc. to the organic material, use organic material that is more easily decomposed by microorganisms, etc. Is preferable because it is easy to use as a fertilizer and can supply nutrients more reliably. In addition, although the said wood piece generate | occur | produced, for example in a sawmill etc., and was conventionally discarded as industrial waste, it can be utilized as an organic material by this invention.
[0021]
When an inorganic material such as soil and / or fertilizer is mixed with the organic material, it does not need to be decomposed by microorganisms or the like, and can help the plants in the collection area to grow.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 show an example of a method for collecting surface soil. In addition, in this example, since the part which attached | subjected the same code | symbol as FIG. 7 is the same or equivalent part, the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.
[0023]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall flow of construction. In FIG. 1, in a plurality of collection areas A in a forest W adjacent to a greening target surface (slope in this embodiment) N, old fallen leaves on the slope surface, soil contained in this, and buried seeds of local vegetation The surface soil 1 containing a is sampled, a vegetation base material is mixed with the surface soil 1 to obtain a greening material 2, and the greening material 2 is sprayed on the slope N as a guest soil material to greenen the slope N. Is.
[0024]
In the case of this example, the sampling area A is a band-like area in which the slope extends in a substantially contour line, and the width thereof is, for example, 1 m. In other words, instead of concentrating the collection area A in one place, the area of each collection area A can be reduced by dispersing the collection area A in a plurality, and the forest floor portion of the collection area A can be made as fast as a day. It is possible to recover to the condition before collection. The narrower the width of the collection area A in this example, the smaller the impact on the ecosystem of the forest W can be made. On the other hand, if the width is too wide, it takes a long time for the collection area A to return to its original fertile state. Therefore, the width of the collection area A in this example is set to 1 to 2 m. In addition, it is desirable that it is within 4 m at the maximum.
[0025]
3 is an organic material for replenishment sprayed on the sampling area A of the surface soil 1, for example, local plants such as trees and herbs that have been cut down due to slope N or other partial development (eg road construction) It is made by mixing waste wood into chips, bark compost, wood chips generated at sawmills, chips, rice straw, peat moss and so on.
[0026]
In other words, as in this example, the replenished organic material 3 is made by chipping the waste material of local plants such as felled trees and herbs that are produced along with the development, so that the waste material of the local plants is used as industrial waste. Instead of disposal, it can be effectively used as a replenishing organic material, and the construction cost can be reduced. In addition, since these waste chips are eventually corroded by microorganisms and the like, the waste materials of the local plants generated from the forest W can be returned naturally, and the nutrients necessary for the growth of the plants that will grow in the next stage can be obtained. .
[0027]
Moreover, the wood which is normally disposed of such as landfill can be effectively used by chipping the organic material for replenishment into a piece of wood generated in bark compost, lumber mill or the like. On the other hand, by mixing at least one of rice straw and peat moss as a replenishing organic material, the replenishing organic material is more easily decomposed by microorganisms and the like. Can supply nutrients.
[0028]
The replenishing organic material 3 may be mixed with inorganic materials such as soil and / or fertilizer. The nutrients contained in the inorganic material need not be decomposed by microorganisms and can be absorbed by the plants in the collection area, so that the overgrowth of the collection area can be further promoted.
[0029]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a pretreatment for collecting the surface soil 1, wherein 1a is a lower plant (for example, a small shrub, a kaya, a cocoon, etc.) in the collection region A of the surface soil 1, Organic materials such as new fallen leaves and branches. These organic substances 1a are roughly removed using a rake or the like, and leave the surface soil 1 including old fallen leaves and buried seeds a suitable for use in revegetation.
[0030]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an outline of an apparatus for collecting the surface soil 1 in the collection region A. In FIG. 3, 4 is a vacuum suction means for collecting the surface soil 1 by suction, 5 is a container-like air case opened at the bottom, 6 to 8 are nozzles provided around the air case 5, and 9 is these nozzles An air hose for supplying high pressure air to 6, 10 is a duct communicating with the air case 5, 11 is a circumferential ejector device provided at an appropriate position of the duct 10, and 12 accommodates the surface soil 1 sucked through the duct 10. A high-pressure air supply device, 14 is a spraying device for spraying the replenishing organic material 3 to the sampling region A where the surface soil 1 is sampled, and 15 is a spray nozzle. .
[0031]
The nozzle 6 is formed so that the jet direction of the high-pressure air can be changed. In this example, the nozzle 6 is tilted slightly forward. As a result, new fallen leaves L (A ₀₀ layer) that have fallen in front of the air case 5 can be first removed by wind pressure. Further, the surface soil 1 is unraveled over a depth of, for example, about 5 to 10 cm by blowing high pressure air in the case 5. Then, the surface soil 1 (A ₀ layer including fallen leaves that have been decomposed) in the collected region A is sucked by the vacuum suction means 4 (see FIG. 1) and collected in the storage tank 12.
[0032]
The circumferential ejector device 11 is a device that vigorously feeds the surface soil 1 fed into the duct 10 to the storage tank 12 side by placing it in the flow of high-pressure air, and is provided at at least one location in the duct 10. Yes. As the circumferential ejector device 11, one disclosed in the specification and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-396751 can be used.
[0033]
Since the replenishing organic material 3 is sprayed to the sampling region A after the surface soil 1 is sampled using the spraying device 14, the layer 3 of the replenishing organic material 3 is coated on the sampling region A so as to cover it. '(Hereinafter referred to as organic layer 3') is formed. That is, even if the surface soil 1 is removed, the organic layer 3 ′ formed here covers the ground surface firmly, so that erosion does not occur on the ground surface due to rain and wind.
[0034]
In addition, the soil microorganisms that play an important role in the forest W move and diffuse into the organic layer 3 ′, whereby the organic layer 3 ′ can be converted into nutrients. In other words, the harvested area A is restored relatively early, and the forest can be restored to a fertile state. The diffusion is caused by the movement of soil microorganisms, but not only that, but also by the life activity of animals or the like living in the forest W, or by the natural diffusion such as rainfall or wind, and by mixing and diffusing with the surrounding surface soil 1. Arise.
[0035]
In any case, the smaller the area of the collection area A (in this example, the width), the easier the surrounding soil microorganisms diffuse into the collection area A, and the inside of the collection area A becomes faster and the original surface soil. Return to the same fertile state as 1. In particular, the sampling area A of the present example is substantially contoured (a state extending in a direction substantially parallel to the contour line) and is a band-shaped area, so that the water flow caused by the rain moves the sampling area A in the width direction. since they produce in a direction transverse, diffusion of soil microorganisms occur much earlier.
[0036]
Moreover, since each collection area | region A is continuously formed in a substantially contour line, an operator can collect | recover comparatively a large amount of surface soil 1 easily only by moving to a substantially contour line, and work efficiency so much. Will improve. Furthermore, since the existing surface soil 1 is left in a substantially contour line after construction, the flow rate of running water can be slowed down by the existing surface soil 1, and the organic layer 3 'can be prevented from running away.
[0037]
Although the above-mentioned example shows an example for carrying out the present invention, the present invention can be variously modified. For example, the sampling of the surface soil 1 is not limited to vacuum sampling, and other sampling devices may be used. Similarly, it is not necessary to limit the supply of the replenishing organic material 3 to the collection region A, and the organic layer 3 ′ may be formed by a separate method such as seeding. In addition, the replenishment organic material 3 may be sprayed or sown in a series of steps following the collection of the surface soil 1 or separately after the surface soil 1 has been collected from each collection region A. .
[0038]
Furthermore, in this example, as an example of the surface soil 1, an example in which the A0 layer including the fallen leaves that have been decomposed is vacuum collected using the vacuum suction means 4, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration.
[0039]
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example in which the surface soil 1 is unwound. In the example shown in FIG. 4, when the surface soil 1 is unwound, a small cultivator (only a cultivating claw is shown) 16 and other rakes are used. Each layer in this case, including the A00 layer litter is accumulated, and A ₀ layer humus accumulated a humus and A ₁ layer and is mixed soil, intended for the A ₂ layers of omission of nutrients, the deciduous A ₀₀ , A ₀ , A ₁ , A ₂ may be solved by the cultivator 16, and this may be vacuum collected as the surface soil 1.
[0040]
Moreover, further down the B ₂ layer, i.e., the B ₂ layer components missing nutrients and other soil accumulated in the target well, the surface soil 1 may be vacuum harvested as vegetation material. That is, the surface soil 1 in the present invention includes the A ₁ layer, the A ₂ layer, the B ₂ layer, and the like as long as it includes at least the A ₀₀ layer in which fallen leaves are accumulated or the A ₀ layer in which humus is accumulated. There may be.
[0041]
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a modification of how to obtain the collection region A where the surface soil 1 is collected. In the example of FIG. 5, the plurality of collection areas A are arranged so as to be small-area areas arranged in a staggered manner. The shape of the sampling area A in this example is, for example, a square of 1 to 2 m square on one side, and the corners of each sampling area A are adjacent to each other so as to form a checkered pattern as a whole. is doing.
[0042]
In addition, each collection area | region A ... may be arrange | positioned at some intervals at some intervals. In any case, by arranging the collection areas A in a zigzag pattern, it is possible to prevent the collection areas A from sticking to each other, and to place the existing surface soil 1 between the collection areas A and A. it can. In other words, the interval between the collection areas is the same in all directions, up, down, left, and right, and the area of each collection area can be kept small, so that soil microorganisms can easily diffuse from the surroundings into the collection area, and the ecosystem Can be less affected.
[0043]
Moreover, the shape of each collection area | region A is not restricted to what was mentioned above, For example, the magnitude | size may be a magnitude | size about a quadrangle whose 1 side is 1-4m square. Further, the shape is not limited to a quadrangle, and various shapes such as a circle, a triangle, a pentagon or more polygon can be considered.
[0044]
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another modification of the method of obtaining the collection region A where the surface soil 1 is collected. In the example of FIG. 6, an example is shown in which the collection areas A are small-area areas arranged at random. From among the collection area A ... the land surface in the forest W, forest harvested area A ... disposed of and lower reservoir is for example valleys and trees as likely part resulting litter or dropping seed by selected randomly It can be changed flexibly according to the situation of W. Further, it is desirable areas of the collection area is at least 16m ² or less, more desirably about ² 1 to 4 m.
[0045]
In each of the above-described examples, it has been described that the greening target surface N formed mainly by development is greened, but the present invention is not limited to this point. That is, even when the greening target surface is lost due to a disaster or devastation, the same surface soil sampling method as that described above can be implemented. Furthermore, in the above-described example, an example in which the greening target surface and the surface soil collection region are both slopes is shown, but the surface soil can be collected in a similar manner even in a flat collection region.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention having the structure as described above, the sampling region where the surface soil is sampled can be replenished with organic material, and even if the surface soil is sampled to the extent that the ground surface is exposed, this is covered with the organic material. Can do. This prevents erosion of the surface soil and contributes to promoting precipitation infiltration into the underlying soil. In addition, since the fine roots of trees exposed by surface soil collection are covered and protected with organic materials, it is possible to prevent the death of the trees from the decline of the trees caused by damage caused by drying of the fine roots. In addition, the soil microorganisms in the surface soil left around move to the organic material, and the organic material is decomposed by the soil microorganisms, so that the part covered with the organic material also has the same natural ecosystem as the surroundings at an early stage. Can be formed. In other words, it is possible to reliably prevent forest collapse.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the entire method for collecting surface soil according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the undercutting of a lower plant and the removal status of new leaves and branches.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of vacuum suction collection of surface soil.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of solving surface soil.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an arrangement example of a sampling region of surface soil.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another example of arrangement of the surface soil collection region.
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a conventional method for collecting surface soil.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Surface soil, 3 ... Organic material, A ... Collection area | region, N ... Greening object surface.

Claims (4)

  A method for collecting surface soil, wherein surface soil is collected from a plurality of collection areas, and an organic material is seeded or sprayed on each collection area. The method for collecting surface soil according to claim 1 , wherein the collection region is a substantially contour line and a band-like region. The method for collecting surface soil according to claim 1 , wherein the collection regions are small-area regions arranged in a staggered manner. The method for collecting surface soil according to claim 1 , wherein the collection region is a small-area region arranged at random.

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