JP3954749B2 - Precoated metal plate with excellent interlayer adhesion - Google Patents
Precoated metal plate with excellent interlayer adhesion Download PDFInfo
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- JP3954749B2 JP3954749B2 JP08164899A JP8164899A JP3954749B2 JP 3954749 B2 JP3954749 B2 JP 3954749B2 JP 08164899 A JP08164899 A JP 08164899A JP 8164899 A JP8164899 A JP 8164899A JP 3954749 B2 JP3954749 B2 JP 3954749B2
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- melamine
- interlayer adhesion
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、家電製品や建材等に使用される際に成形加工されても塗膜の層間剥離が発生することのない、層間密着性に優れるプレコート金属板に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
建材、家電、雑貨、自動車などの分野においては、金属板を成形加工後に組立・塗装するという従来のポストコート方式に代わって、あらかじめ塗装された金属板(プレコート金属板:PCMと略す)を成形加工し、接合して製品とするプレコート方式が多く採用されるようになってきた。その使用により、需要家での塗装工程が省略でき、塗装廃棄物等による公害・環境問題の解決が図れ、さらに塗装のためのスペースを他の用途に転活用できるなどのメリットがあることから、その需要量は着実にのびてきている。PCMの表面塗装は、2コート2ベーク以上の仕様が一般的であり、2コート2ベーク仕様では、主に原板との密着性や耐食性を司るプライマー層と、硬度や加工性、耐汚染性等の表層機能を司るトップコート層からなる。PCMを需要家にて成形加工する際、金型により塗膜が擦れ、最も層間密着性の低い界面にて塗膜が剥離することがある。2コート2ベークの仕様では、プライマー−トップコート層界面で剥離することがある。しかしこれまで、この界面剥離を起こさないための塗料設計の定量的な指針は存在しなかったため、経験や勘に頼った塗料設計や製造条件の設定を行わざるを得なかった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、層間密着性を確保する方法を確立し、それに基づき層間密着性に優れるPCMを安定的に提供しようとするものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するためには、層間での密着機能を明らかにする必要があると考え、先ずポリエステル/メラミン系プライマー及びトップコートによる、2コート2ベーク仕様のプレコート鋼板におけるプライマー・トップコート間でのメラミンの移動現象について検証した。ポリエステル/メラミン系プライマー(クリアー)を塗布・乾燥した上に、メラミンフリーポリエステル樹脂(クリアー)を塗布・乾燥したモデルサンプルについて、トップコート塗膜中へのプライマー層からのメラミンの移動の有無を調べたところ、XPSによりトップコート塗膜表面にメラミン起因のNが検出され、トップコート塗膜の粘着性も失われたことから、遊離メラミンのトップコート塗膜中への移動及びポリエステルとの硬化反応が起こっていることがわかった。つまり、下層塗料へメラミンを添加した系では、界面の密着には下層メラミンの上層への拡散及び反応が寄与していることがわかった。この知見から、下層塗膜へメラミンを添加し、有効的に上層との反応を起こさせることが層間密着性の向上に役立つと考え、メラミンの添加量、反応条件等について種々検討することにより本発明を完成させた。
【0005】
本発明は、2層以上の塗膜を有し、接しあう2層の界面から下層側へ3μmの範囲の塗膜の、C,O,NのXPS強度の合計に対するNのXPS強度比が7〜25%でかつ、この範囲の塗膜のメラミン反応率が40〜90%であることを特徴とする、層間密着性に優れるプレコート金属板である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
層間密着性を確保するためには、下層塗膜中の上層塗膜と接する近傍に、十分なメラミンが存在し、かつそのメラミンが十分な反応性を有していることが有用である。メラミンの存在量はXPSにより規定される。界面から下層側へ3μmの範囲の塗膜の、C,O,NのXPS強度の合計に対するNのXPS強度比が7〜25%であれば、十分なメラミンが存在しているといえる。XPSの測定は、下層のこの範囲内の塗膜が表面にでるまで塗膜を上層側から研削してから行えばよい。XPSでのNの強度比は、塗膜中のメラミン存在量の指標であり、XPSでのNの強度比が高いほど、メラミンの存在率が高いといえる。存在率が100%のとき、Nの強度比は約25%となる。
【0007】
次に、この範囲内の塗膜のメラミン反応率の測定方法について説明する。この範囲内の塗膜をヤスリで削りとり粉末を採取し、13C固体NMRの測定(デカップリング法)によりメラミン反応率を以下のように算出する。メラミン中のメチル基の信号(55ppm の位置に出る)強度S2′及びポリエステルのアルキル基の信号(15〜45ppm の位置に出る)強度S1′の強度比S2′/S1′を測定する。通常、硬化前の塗料のメラミン中のメチル基の信号強度S2及びポリエステルのアルキル基の信号強度S1についてはS2/S1=0.15であるので、成膜後の塗膜のメラミン反応率は、1−(S2′/S1′)/(S2/S1)で計算できる。下層のこの範囲の塗膜中のメラミン反応率が90%を越えている場合、硬化がすすみすぎており、上層の樹脂との反応に供されるメラミン量が不足するため、仮にメラミン存在率が十分に高くても層間密着性は良くない。本来、層間密着性に寄与するのは、上層を塗布、加熱する前の下層内でのメラミン反応率であるが、加熱前のメラミン反応率の層間密着性を失わない上限が、加熱後のメラミン反応率の90%に相当するため、上層形成後の塗膜解析でも層間密着性は推定できる。メラミン反応率が40%未満の場合は、上層を塗布、加熱する前にはそれ未満であり、下層の硬化が不十分で、上層塗料を塗布したときに溶解するため好ましくない。
【0008】
本発明の基材としての金属板は、冷延鋼板、熱延鋼板、各種めっき鋼板(例えば亜鉛めっき、亜鉛合金めっき、錫めっき、鉛めっき、アルミニウムめっき、クロムめっき鋼板など)、ステンレス板、チタン板、アルミニウム板などが使用でき、これらをそのままあるいは通常の化成処理を施して使用すればよい。また、金属板と塗膜との密着性を向上させるために、金属板の下塗り塗料として、例えば、ナイロン、ポリアクリル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、エポキシ、ポリアミド、フェノール、ポリオレフィン等を塗布したものを使用してもよい。
金属板上に形成する塗膜の樹脂としては、エポキシ系樹脂、高分子ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ変成ポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂などが使用でき、硬化剤としてメラミンを使用する場合は、このメラミン量及び反応率を条件内に制御すればよく、またメラミンを硬化剤として使用しない場合には、これらの樹脂にメラミンを添加して使用すれば良い。
【0009】
本発明のPCMを製造する方法としては、通常のPCMを製造するラインにおいて、通常と同様の方法で製造することができる。
【0010】
例えば、樹脂被覆の金属板表面への形成方法としては、浸漬法、カーテンフロー法、ロールコート法、バーコート法、静電法、刷毛塗り法、T−ダイ法、ラミネート法などが用いられる。
【0011】
焼き付け方法としては、熱風、常温、近赤外線、遠赤外線、誘導加熱等が挙げられる。下層皮膜の焼き付け温度(到達板温度:PMT)は、本発明の条件を満たす温度に設定する必要がある。なお、本条件を満たすには、単なる温度設定によるだけでなく、加熱方式の適切な選択によっても達成しうる。たとえば、原板側から加熱される誘導加熱方式を使用することによって、同一のPMTであっても塗膜の表層側のメラミン反応率を比較的低く抑えることができ、上層塗膜との層間密着性が確保しやすいことがわかっている。
【0012】
【実施例】
以下、本発明について、実施例及び比較例にて説明する。
評価したPCMはすべて、原板として、0.6mm厚の溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(YP:19kg/mm2 ,TS:34kg/mm2 ,EL:45%)を使用した。前処理としては、塗布型クロメート処理を施した。
【0013】
塗膜構成は、プライマー(下層)、トップコート(上層)の2コート2ベークとした。プライマーとしてポリエステル系塗料及びウレタン系塗料に、メラミンとしてヘキサメトキシメチロール化メラミンを添加し、乾燥膜厚で5μm、バーコートにて塗布し、熱風オーブン及び誘導加熱オーブンで表1に示す温度で焼き付けた後、その上にトップコートとして表1に示す各種の塗料を、乾燥膜厚で20μm、バーコートにて塗布し、熱風オーブンにてPMT230℃で焼き付けた。プライマー塗料については、メラミン量、乾燥温度、及び加熱方式を種々変化させて、N比率、メラミン反応率の異なるサンプルを作製した。
【0014】
層間密着性の評価は以下のようにして行った。サンプルを、30×300mmの短冊状に切断し、裏面同士が接するように2枚重ね合わせ、2個の金型で挟む。金型は、一方は平板、他方は8mmφの半円柱型の凸部を有するビード金型を使用し、押し付け荷重は900kgとする。その後、2枚重ねのサンプルを、200mm/分の速度で引き抜き、そのときの凸型金型で擦れた部分の塗膜剥離状況を観察する。層間剥離の生じているものを×、生じていないものを○と評価して、表1に示した結果を得た。この評価方法は、実際の金型擦れによる塗膜の層間剥離をよく再現できることがわかっている。
【0015】
外観は、上層の塗装を行ったあとの評価を行った。美麗なものを○、むらが見られるものを×と評価して、表1に示した結果を得た。
【0016】
【表1】
【0017】
実施例1〜18は、N%及びメラミン反応率が条件を満たしているため、良好な層間密着性が得られている。これらのなかで、実施例4は、メラミン添加量が20重量部と少なく、比較例2に見られるように熱風加熱ではN%が低いため層間密着性が得られないところが、誘導加熱にすると若干N%が上がり、層間密着性が得られるようになっている。これは、誘導加熱方式によるほうが、若干メラミンが下層の表層に濃縮する傾向があるためと考えられる。また、実施例11及び12は、下層のPMTが240℃と高く、比較例5及び6に見られるように熱風加熱ではメラミン反応率が高いため層間密着性が得られないところが、誘導加熱にするとメラミン反応率が下がり、層間密着性が得られるようになっている。これは、誘導加熱方式では原板側から加熱されるため、塗膜の表層付近の温度が比較的低いためであると考えられる。
【0018】
一方、比較例1〜13は層間密着性が劣っている。比較例1〜3,9,10、及び12は下層や上層の樹脂種類に関わりなく、メラミン添加量が少ないためN%が足りず、層間密着性が得られていない。比較例4,7、及び8は、PMTが低いためメラミン反応率が低く、上層塗膜中への溶解が起こるため、上層塗装後の外観が良くない。比較例5,6,11、及び13は、下層PMTが高いためメラミン反応率が90%を越え、上層の樹脂種類に関わりなく層間密着性が得られていない。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
以上示したように、本発明により層間密着性に優れるプレコート金属板の提供が可能となった。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a precoated metal sheet that is excellent in interlayer adhesion and does not cause delamination of a coating film even when it is molded when used in home appliances, building materials, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In fields such as building materials, home appliances, miscellaneous goods, and automobiles, pre-coated metal plates (pre-coated metal plates: abbreviated as PCM) are formed in place of the conventional post-coating method in which metal plates are assembled and painted after molding. Many pre-coating methods that have been processed and joined to produce products have been adopted. Because of its use, the painting process at the customer can be omitted, the pollution and environmental problems caused by painting waste can be solved, and the space for painting can be reused for other purposes. The demand is growing steadily. The surface coating of PCM generally has a specification of 2 coats or 2 bake or more. In the 2 coats and 2 bake specifications, the primer layer mainly controls adhesion and corrosion resistance with the original plate, hardness, workability, stain resistance, etc. It consists of a top coat layer that controls the surface layer function. When PCM is molded by a customer, the coating film may be rubbed by the mold, and the coating film may be peeled off at the interface having the lowest interlayer adhesion. In the 2-coat 2-bake specification, peeling may occur at the primer-topcoat layer interface. However, until now, there has been no quantitative guideline for designing paints to prevent such interface peeling, and it has been necessary to set the paint design and manufacturing conditions depending on experience and intuition.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention establishes a method for ensuring interlayer adhesion and intends to stably provide PCM having excellent interlayer adhesion based on the method.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above objectives, it is necessary to clarify the adhesion function between the layers. First, between the primer and topcoat in a 2-coat 2-bake precoated steel sheet with a polyester / melamine primer and topcoat The movement phenomenon of melamine was examined. A model sample with a polyester / melamine primer (clear) applied and dried, and then with a melamine-free polyester resin (clear) applied and dried, was examined for melamine migration from the primer layer into the topcoat film. As a result, XPS detected N due to melamine on the surface of the top coat film, and the adhesiveness of the top coat film was also lost, so the movement of free melamine into the top coat film and the curing reaction with polyester I know that is happening. That is, in the system in which melamine was added to the lower layer coating, it was found that diffusion and reaction to the upper layer of the lower layer melamine contributed to the adhesion at the interface. Based on this finding, it is considered that adding melamine to the lower layer coating and effectively causing the reaction with the upper layer will help improve the interlayer adhesion, and by examining various additions of melamine, reaction conditions, etc. Completed the invention.
[0005]
In the present invention, the XPS intensity ratio of N to the total of XPS intensities of C, O, and N of a coating film in the range of 3 μm from the interface of two layers that are in contact with each other to the lower layer side is 7 The precoated metal sheet having excellent interlayer adhesion, characterized in that the coating film in this range has a melamine reaction rate of 40 to 90%.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to ensure interlayer adhesion, it is useful that sufficient melamine is present in the vicinity of the upper layer coating in the lower layer coating and that the melamine has sufficient reactivity. The abundance of melamine is defined by XPS. If the XPS intensity ratio of N to the total of XPS intensities of C, O, and N is 7 to 25% from the interface to the lower layer side, it can be said that sufficient melamine is present. The XPS measurement may be performed after grinding the coating film from the upper layer side until the coating film in this range of the lower layer appears on the surface. The intensity ratio of N in XPS is an index of the amount of melamine present in the coating film, and it can be said that the higher the intensity ratio of N in XPS, the higher the abundance of melamine. When the abundance is 100%, the intensity ratio of N is about 25%.
[0007]
Next, the measuring method of the melamine reaction rate of the coating film in this range is demonstrated. The coating film in this range is scraped with a file, and a powder is collected. The melamine reaction rate is calculated as follows by measurement of 13 C solid state NMR (decoupling method). The intensity ratio S2 '/ S1' of the intensity signal S2 'of the methyl group in the melamine (emitted at the position of 55 ppm) and the intensity signal S1' of the alkyl group of the polyester (emitted at the position of 15 to 45 ppm) is measured. Usually, the signal intensity S2 of the methyl group in the melamine of the paint before curing and the signal intensity S1 of the alkyl group of the polyester are S2 / S1 = 0.15, so that the melamine reaction rate of the coating film after film formation is 1− (S2 ′ / S1 ′) / (S2 / S1). When the melamine reaction rate in the coating film in this range of the lower layer exceeds 90%, the curing is proceeding too much, and the amount of melamine used for the reaction with the upper layer resin is insufficient. Even if it is sufficiently high, interlayer adhesion is not good. Originally, it is the melamine reaction rate in the lower layer before applying and heating the upper layer that contributes to interlayer adhesion, but the upper limit of the melamine reaction rate before heating that does not lose the interlayer adhesion is the melamine after heating. Since it corresponds to 90% of the reaction rate, the interlayer adhesion can be estimated even by the coating analysis after the upper layer is formed. When the melamine reaction rate is less than 40%, it is less than that before applying and heating the upper layer, the lower layer is not sufficiently cured, and is not preferable because it dissolves when the upper layer coating is applied.
[0008]
The metal plate as the base material of the present invention is a cold-rolled steel plate, a hot-rolled steel plate, various plated steel plates (for example, zinc plating, zinc alloy plating, tin plating, lead plating, aluminum plating, chrome-plated steel plate, etc.), stainless steel plate, titanium A plate, an aluminum plate, or the like can be used, and these may be used as they are or after being subjected to a normal chemical conversion treatment. Moreover, in order to improve the adhesion between the metal plate and the coating film, for example, nylon, polyacryl, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, epoxy, polyamide, phenol, polyolefin, etc., were applied as an undercoat paint for the metal plate. Things may be used.
As the resin for the coating film formed on the metal plate, epoxy resin, polymer polyester resin, epoxy modified polyester resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, etc. can be used. When melamine is used as a curing agent, the amount of melamine The reaction rate may be controlled within the conditions, and when melamine is not used as a curing agent, melamine may be added to these resins.
[0009]
As a method for producing the PCM of the present invention, it can be produced in the same manner as usual in a line for producing ordinary PCM.
[0010]
For example, as a method for forming the resin coating on the surface of the metal plate, a dipping method, a curtain flow method, a roll coating method, a bar coating method, an electrostatic method, a brush coating method, a T-die method, a laminating method, or the like is used.
[0011]
Examples of the baking method include hot air, room temperature, near infrared rays, far infrared rays, induction heating and the like. It is necessary to set the baking temperature (final plate temperature: PMT) of the lower layer film to a temperature that satisfies the conditions of the present invention. In order to satisfy this condition, it can be achieved not only by temperature setting but also by appropriate selection of the heating method. For example, by using an induction heating method heated from the original plate side, the melamine reaction rate on the surface layer side of the coating film can be kept relatively low even with the same PMT, and the interlayer adhesion with the upper layer coating film Is known to be easy to secure.
[0012]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
All the evaluated PCMs used 0.6 mm thick hot-dip galvanized steel sheets (YP: 19 kg / mm 2 , TS: 34 kg / mm 2 , EL: 45%) as original plates. As pretreatment, coating-type chromate treatment was performed.
[0013]
The coating composition was 2 coats 2 bake of primer (lower layer) and top coat (upper layer). Hexamethoxymethylolated melamine was added as a melamine to a polyester-based paint and a urethane-based paint as a primer, applied in a bar coating with a dry film thickness of 5 μm, and baked at a temperature shown in Table 1 in a hot air oven and an induction heating oven. Thereafter, various coating materials shown in Table 1 as a top coat were applied thereon with a dry film thickness of 20 μm by bar coating, and baked at PMT 230 ° C. in a hot air oven. For the primer paint, samples with different N ratios and melamine reaction rates were prepared by variously changing the amount of melamine, the drying temperature, and the heating method.
[0014]
Interlayer adhesion was evaluated as follows. The sample is cut into a 30 × 300 mm strip, and two sheets are stacked so that the back surfaces are in contact with each other, and sandwiched between two molds. As the mold, one is a flat plate and the other is a bead mold having a semi-cylindrical convex portion of 8 mmφ, and the pressing load is 900 kg. Thereafter, the two-layer sample is pulled out at a speed of 200 mm / min, and the coating film peeling state of the portion rubbed with the convex mold at that time is observed. The results shown in Table 1 were obtained by evaluating the case where delamination occurred as x and the case where no delamination occurred as ◯. It has been found that this evaluation method can well reproduce the delamination of the coating film due to actual mold rubbing.
[0015]
The appearance was evaluated after the upper layer was painted. The results shown in Table 1 were obtained by evaluating the beautiful ones as ◯ and the ones with unevenness being evaluated as X.
[0016]
[Table 1]
[0017]
In Examples 1 to 18, since N% and the melamine reaction rate satisfy the conditions, good interlayer adhesion is obtained. Among these, in Example 4, the amount of melamine added is as small as 20 parts by weight, and as seen in Comparative Example 2, the N% is low in hot air heating, so that interlayer adhesion cannot be obtained. N% is increased, and interlayer adhesion can be obtained. This is presumably because the melamine tends to concentrate slightly in the lower surface layer by the induction heating method. In addition, in Examples 11 and 12, the lower layer PMT is as high as 240 ° C., and as seen in Comparative Examples 5 and 6, when hot air heating has a high melamine reaction rate, interlayer adhesion cannot be obtained. The melamine reaction rate is lowered, and interlayer adhesion can be obtained. This is considered to be because the temperature near the surface layer of the coating film is relatively low because the induction heating method heats from the original plate side.
[0018]
On the other hand, Comparative Examples 1 to 13 have poor interlayer adhesion. In Comparative Examples 1 to 3, 9, 10, and 12, regardless of the resin type of the lower layer or the upper layer, since the amount of melamine added is small, N% is insufficient and interlayer adhesion is not obtained. In Comparative Examples 4, 7, and 8, since the PMT is low, the melamine reaction rate is low and the dissolution into the upper layer coating film occurs, so the appearance after the upper layer coating is not good. In Comparative Examples 5, 6, 11 and 13, since the lower layer PMT is high, the melamine reaction rate exceeds 90%, and interlayer adhesion is not obtained regardless of the resin type of the upper layer.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it has become possible to provide a precoated metal sheet having excellent interlayer adhesion.
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JP08164899A JP3954749B2 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 1999-03-25 | Precoated metal plate with excellent interlayer adhesion |
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JP08164899A JP3954749B2 (en) | 1999-03-25 | 1999-03-25 | Precoated metal plate with excellent interlayer adhesion |
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