JP3954763B2 - Precoated metal plate with excellent interlayer adhesion - Google Patents

Precoated metal plate with excellent interlayer adhesion Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3954763B2
JP3954763B2 JP30050499A JP30050499A JP3954763B2 JP 3954763 B2 JP3954763 B2 JP 3954763B2 JP 30050499 A JP30050499 A JP 30050499A JP 30050499 A JP30050499 A JP 30050499A JP 3954763 B2 JP3954763 B2 JP 3954763B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
melamine
coating film
coating
interlayer adhesion
upper layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP30050499A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2001121072A (en
Inventor
博康 古川
洋 金井
高橋  彰
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、家電製品や建材等に使用される際に成形加工されても塗膜の層間剥離が発生することのない、層間密着性に優れるプレコート金属板に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
建材、家電、雑貨、自動車などの分野においては、金属板を成形加工後に組立・塗装するという従来のポストコート方式に変わって、あらかじめ塗装された金属板(プレコート金属板:PCMと略す)を成形加工し、接合して製品とするプレコート方式が多く採用されるようになってきた。その使用により、需要家での塗装工程が省略でき塗装廃棄物等による公害・環境問題の解決が図れ、さらに塗装のためのスペースを他の用途に転活用できるなどのメリットがあることから、その需要量は着実にのびてきている。PCMの表面塗装は、2コート2ベーク仕様が一般的であり、2コート2ベーク仕様では、主に原板との密着性や耐食性を司るプライマー層と、硬度や加工性、耐汚染性等の表層機能を司るトップコート層からなる。PCMを需要家にて成形加工する際、金型により塗膜が擦れ、最も層間密着性の低い界面にて塗膜が剥離することがある。2コート2ベークの仕様では、プライマー−トップ層界面で剥離することがある。しかしこれまで、この界面剥離を起こさないための塗料設計の定量的な指針は存在しなかったため、経験や勘に頼った塗料設計や製造条件の設定を行わざるを得なかった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、層間密着性を確保する方法を確立し、それに基づき層間密着性に優れるPCMを安定的に提供しようとするものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するためには、層間での密着機構を明らかにする必要があると考え、まずポリエステル/メラミン系プライマー及びトップによる、2コート2ベーク仕様のプレコート鋼板におけるプライマー・トップ間でのメラミン誘導体(以後メラミンと略す)の移動現象について検証した。ポリエステル/メラミン系プライマー(クリアー)を塗布・乾燥した上に、メラミンフリーポリエステル樹脂(クリアー)を塗布・乾燥したモデルサンプルについて、トップ塗膜中へのプライマー層からのメラミンの移動の有無を調べたところ、XPSによりトップ塗膜表面にメラミン起因のNが検出され、トップ塗膜の粘着性も失われたことから、遊離メラミンのトップ塗膜中への移動及びポリエステルとの硬化反応が起こっていることがわかった。つまり、下層塗料へメラミンを添加した系では、界面の密着には下層メラミンの上層への拡散及び反応が寄与していることがわかった。この知見から、下層塗膜へメラミンを添加し、有効的に上層との反応を起こさせることが層間密着性の向上に役立つと考え、メラミンの添加量、反応条件等について種々検討することにより本発明を完成させた。
【0005】
本発明は、2層の塗膜を有し、下層側塗膜のC、O、NのXPS強度の合計に対するNのXPS強度比(%)をX、上層側塗膜のNのXPS強度比(%)をYとしたとき、
16≦X≦25
3≦Y≦X−5
を満たす層間密着性に優れるプレコート金属板である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
層間密着性を確保するためには、下層塗膜中のメラミンを有効的に上層塗膜中へ拡散させ、かつ下層と上層とが架橋するような反応を起こさせることが必要である。メラミンは1分子中に複数の反応性置換基を有しているため、架橋剤として機能する。下層塗膜を焼き付けた後でも、過剰の遊離のメラミンは残存しており、上層塗膜を焼き付ける際に上層に拡散し反応する。このうち、下層と上層の界面付近に存在するメラミンは、下層塗膜中の主樹脂あるいはメラミンと、上層塗膜中の主樹脂あるいはメラミンとを架橋するかたちで反応する。つまり、焼き付けられる前の液体の状態である上層塗料中に、下層中から効果的に遊離のメラミンを溶出させ、その溶出量が多いほど、上層焼き付け後の界面付近の架橋のネットワークが強固となり、界面密着性が増すものと考えられる。そのためには、下層塗膜中のメラミン濃度を上層塗膜中のメラミン濃度よりも高くすることが有効である。上下層メラミン濃度が均一化しようとする方向にドライビングフォースが働き、メラミン濃度の高い下層塗膜から、メラミン濃度の低い上層塗膜へのメラミンの拡散が有効的に行われるためである。
【0007】
下層塗膜中のメラミン濃度が一定の場合、上層塗膜中のメラミン濃度が低いほど層間密着性に優れる。上層中にメラミンを含まない場合が最も層間密着性は良好である。しかし、メラミンは架橋剤として働いているため、上層塗膜中の架橋剤量が低下すると、硬度、加工性等の、他の性能が確保できない。そこで、上層塗膜の架橋剤としては、メラミン以外のもの、例えば、エポキシ硬化剤、イソシアネート硬化剤等を使用することが有効である。上下層のメラミン濃度はXPS測定により規定され、以下の関係を満たしていることが、層間密着性にとって望ましい。下層側塗膜の、C、O、NのXPS強度の合計に対するNのXPS強度比(%)をX、上層側塗膜のNのXPS強度比(%)をYとしたとき、
16≦X≦25
≦Y≦X−5
【0008】
若干、補足説明をする。XPSでのNの強度比は、塗膜中のメラミン存在量の指標であり、XPSでのNの強度比が高いほど、メラミンの濃度が高いといえる。塗膜中のメラミン存在率が100%のとき、Nの強度比は約25%となる。下層側塗膜の、C、O、NのXPS強度に対するNのXPS強度比(X)が16〜25%であれば、十分なメラミンが存在しているといえ、上層側塗膜のNのXPS強度比(Y)がXより5以上小さければ、十分なメラミン濃度差があるといえる。なお、XPSの測定は、各層が表層に現れるまで、上層側から塗膜を研削して行えばよい。
【0009】
本発明の基材としての金属板は、冷延鋼板、熱延鋼板、各種めっき鋼板(例えば亜鉛めっき、亜鉛合金めっき、錫めっき、鉛めっき、アルミニウムめっき、クロムめっき鋼板など)、ステンレス板、チタン板、アルミニウム板などが使用でき、これらをそのままあるいは化成処理を施して使用すればよい。化成処理としては、クロメート処理、リン酸亜鉛処理、シランカップリング剤やタンニン酸等のノンクロム系化成処理などが使用できる。また、金属板と塗膜との密着性を向上させるために、金属板の下塗り塗料として、例えば、ナイロン、ポリアクリル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、エポキシ、ポリアミド、フェノール、ポリオレフィン等を塗布したものを使用してもよい。
【0010】
下層側塗膜及び上層側塗膜の樹脂としては、エポキシ系樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、高分子ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ変成ポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂などが使用でき、これらに条件を満たすようにメラミンを添加して使用すればよい。
【0011】
添加するメラミンとしては、各種のメチル化メラミン、ブチル化メラミン、メチルブチル混合型メラミン等、いずれのものを使用してもよい。
【0012】
本発明のPCMを製造する方法としては、通常のPCMを製造するラインにおいて、通常と同様の方法で製造することができる。例えば、樹脂被膜の金属板表面への形成方法としては、浸漬法、カーテンフロー法、ロールコート法、バーコート法、静電法、刷毛塗り法、T−ダイ法、ラミネート法などが用いられる。
【0013】
焼き付け方法としては、熱風、常温、近赤外線、遠赤外線、誘導加熱等が挙げられる。
【0014】
【実施例】
以下、本発明について、実施例及び比較例にて説明する。
【0015】
評価したPCMは全て、原板として、0.6mm厚の溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(YP:19kg/mm2、TS:34kg/mm2、El:45%)を使用した。前処理としては、塗布型クロメート処理を施した。
【0016】
塗膜構成は、プライマー(下層)、トップ(上層)の2コート2ベークとした。プライマーとして、表1に示す各種のプライマー塗料を乾燥膜厚で5μm、バーコートにて塗布し、熱風オーブンで、45秒間で200℃に達するように焼き付けた後、その上にトップコートとして表1に示す各種の塗料を、乾燥膜厚で20μm、バーコートにて塗布し、熱風オーブンにて、45秒間で230℃に達するように焼き付けた。
【0017】
メラミンとしては、ヘキサメトキシメチル化メラミンを使用した。
【0018】
層間密着性の評価は以下のようにして行った。サンプルを、30×300mmの短冊状に切断し、裏面同士が接するように2枚重ね合わせ、2個の金型で挟む。金型は、一方は平板、他方は8mmφの半円柱型の凸部を有するビード金型を使用し、押し付け荷重は900kgとする。その後、2枚重ねのサンプルを、200mm/分の速度で引き抜き、そのときの凸型金型で擦れた部分の塗膜剥離状況を観察する。この評価方法は、実際の金型擦れによる塗膜の層間剥離をよく再現できることがわかっている。層間剥離の発生面積が擦れた面積の5%以上のものを×、層間剥離を全く生じていないものを◎と評価した。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0003954763
【0020】
実施例1〜5は、上層及び下層のN%が条件を満たしているため、優れた層間密着性が得られている。一方、比較例1〜16は上層のN%が下層のN%以上であるので、下層から上層へのメラミン拡散のドライビングフォースが少なく、有効に拡散しないため、層間密着性が劣っている。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上示したように、本発明により層間密着性に優れるプレコート金属板の提供が可能となった。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a precoated metal sheet that is excellent in interlayer adhesion and does not cause delamination of a coating film even when it is molded when used in home appliances, building materials, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In fields such as building materials, home appliances, miscellaneous goods, and automobiles, instead of the conventional post-coating method in which metal plates are assembled and painted after being molded, pre-coated metal plates (pre-coated metal plates: abbreviated as PCM) are formed. Many pre-coating methods that have been processed and joined to produce products have been adopted. Its use has the advantage that the painting process at the customer can be omitted, pollution and environmental problems due to painting waste can be solved, and the space for painting can be reused for other purposes. Demand is growing steadily. The surface coating of PCM is generally a 2-coat 2-bake specification. In the 2-coat 2-bake specification, a primer layer mainly responsible for adhesion to the original plate and corrosion resistance, and a surface layer such as hardness, workability, and contamination resistance It consists of a top coat layer that controls the function. When PCM is molded by a customer, the coating film may be rubbed by the mold, and the coating film may be peeled off at the interface having the lowest interlayer adhesion. In the 2-coat 2-bake specification, peeling may occur at the primer-top layer interface. However, until now, there has been no quantitative guideline for designing paints to prevent such interface peeling, and it has been necessary to set the paint design and manufacturing conditions depending on experience and intuition.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention establishes a method for ensuring interlayer adhesion and intends to stably provide PCM having excellent interlayer adhesion based on the method.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above objective, it is necessary to clarify the adhesion mechanism between the layers. First, between the primer and the top in a pre-coated steel sheet of 2-coat 2-bake specification with a polyester / melamine primer and top. The migration phenomenon of melamine derivatives (hereinafter abbreviated as melamine) was examined. A model sample in which a polyester / melamine primer (clear) was applied and dried, and then a melamine-free polyester resin (clear) was applied and dried was examined for the movement of melamine from the primer layer into the top coating. However, since XPS detected N due to melamine on the surface of the top coating and the adhesiveness of the top coating was lost, movement of free melamine into the top coating and curing reaction with polyester occurred. I understood it. That is, in the system in which melamine was added to the lower layer coating, it was found that diffusion and reaction to the upper layer of the lower layer melamine contributed to the adhesion at the interface. Based on this finding, it is considered that adding melamine to the lower layer coating and effectively causing the reaction with the upper layer will help improve the interlayer adhesion, and by examining various additions of melamine, reaction conditions, etc. Completed the invention.
[0005]
The present invention has a two-layer coating film, wherein the XPS strength ratio (%) of N to the total XPS strength of C, O, N of the lower layer side coating is X, and the XPS strength ratio of N of the upper layer coating layer When (%) is Y,
16 ≦ X ≦ 25
3 ≦ Y ≦ X-5
It is the precoat metal plate which is excellent in the interlayer adhesiveness which satisfy | fills.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to ensure interlayer adhesion, it is necessary to effectively diffuse melamine in the lower layer coating into the upper layer coating and to cause a reaction that causes the lower layer and the upper layer to crosslink. Melamine functions as a crosslinking agent because it has a plurality of reactive substituents in one molecule. Even after baking the lower coating film, excess free melamine remains and diffuses and reacts with the upper layer when baking the upper coating film. Among these, melamine existing in the vicinity of the interface between the lower layer and the upper layer reacts in such a manner that the main resin or melamine in the lower layer coating film crosslinks the main resin or melamine in the upper layer coating film. In other words, in the upper layer paint that is in the liquid state before being baked, free melamine is effectively eluted from the lower layer, and as the amount of elution increases, the network of crosslinking near the interface after upper layer baking becomes stronger. It is thought that interfacial adhesion increases. For that purpose, it is effective to make the melamine concentration in the lower layer coating film higher than the melamine concentration in the upper layer coating film. This is because the driving force works in the direction in which the upper and lower layer melamine concentrations are intended to be uniform, and melamine is effectively diffused from the lower layer coating film having a high melamine concentration to the upper layer coating film having a low melamine concentration.
[0007]
When the melamine concentration in the lower layer coating film is constant, the lower the melamine concentration in the upper layer coating film, the better the interlayer adhesion. Interlayer adhesion is best when no melamine is contained in the upper layer. However, since melamine works as a cross-linking agent, when the amount of the cross-linking agent in the upper coating film is reduced, other performances such as hardness and workability cannot be secured. Therefore, it is effective to use a material other than melamine, such as an epoxy curing agent or an isocyanate curing agent, as a crosslinking agent for the upper layer coating film. It is desirable for interlayer adhesion that the melamine concentrations in the upper and lower layers are defined by XPS measurement and satisfy the following relationship. When the XPS intensity ratio (%) of N to the total XPS intensity of C, O, N of the lower layer side coating film is X, and the XPS intensity ratio (%) of N of the upper layer side coating film is Y,
16 ≦ X ≦ 25
3 ≦ Y ≦ X-5
[0008]
Some supplementary explanation will be given. The intensity ratio of N in XPS is an index of the amount of melamine present in the coating film, and it can be said that the higher the intensity ratio of N in XPS, the higher the concentration of melamine. When the melamine abundance ratio in the coating film is 100%, the strength ratio of N is about 25%. If the XPS strength ratio (X) of N to the XPS strength of C, O, N of the lower layer side coating is 16 to 25%, it can be said that sufficient melamine is present. If the XPS intensity ratio (Y) is 5 or more smaller than X, it can be said that there is a sufficient difference in melamine concentration. XPS may be measured by grinding the coating from the upper layer side until each layer appears on the surface layer.
[0009]
The metal plate as the base material of the present invention is a cold-rolled steel plate, a hot-rolled steel plate, various plated steel plates (for example, zinc plating, zinc alloy plating, tin plating, lead plating, aluminum plating, chrome-plated steel plate, etc.), stainless steel plate, titanium A plate, an aluminum plate or the like can be used, and these may be used as they are or after being subjected to chemical conversion treatment. As the chemical conversion treatment, chromate treatment, zinc phosphate treatment, non-chromium chemical conversion treatment such as silane coupling agent and tannic acid can be used. Moreover, in order to improve the adhesion between the metal plate and the coating film, for example, nylon, polyacryl, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, epoxy, polyamide, phenol, polyolefin, etc., were applied as an undercoat paint for the metal plate. Things may be used.
[0010]
As the resin of the lower layer side coating film and the upper layer side coating film, epoxy resin, polyester resin, high molecular polyester resin, epoxy modified polyester resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, etc. can be used. What is necessary is just to add and use.
[0011]
As the melamine to be added, any of various methylated melamines, butylated melamines, methylbutyl mixed melamines and the like may be used.
[0012]
As a method for producing the PCM of the present invention, it can be produced in the same manner as usual in a line for producing ordinary PCM. For example, as a method for forming the resin coating on the surface of the metal plate, a dipping method, a curtain flow method, a roll coating method, a bar coating method, an electrostatic method, a brush coating method, a T-die method, a laminating method, or the like is used.
[0013]
Examples of the baking method include hot air, room temperature, near infrared rays, far infrared rays, induction heating and the like.
[0014]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0015]
All the evaluated PCMs used 0.6 mm thick hot-dip galvanized steel sheets (YP: 19 kg / mm 2 , TS: 34 kg / mm 2 , El: 45%) as original plates. As pretreatment, coating-type chromate treatment was performed.
[0016]
The coating composition was 2 coats 2 bake of primer (lower layer) and top (upper layer). As a primer, various primer paints shown in Table 1 were applied in a dry film thickness of 5 μm with a bar coat, baked in a hot air oven to reach 200 ° C. for 45 seconds, and then a top coat was formed thereon as a top coat. The various coating materials shown in (1) were applied with a dry film thickness of 20 μm by bar coating, and baked in a hot air oven to reach 230 ° C. in 45 seconds.
[0017]
As the melamine, hexamethoxymethylated melamine was used.
[0018]
Interlayer adhesion was evaluated as follows. The sample is cut into a 30 × 300 mm strip, and two sheets are stacked so that the back surfaces are in contact with each other, and sandwiched between two molds. As the mold, one is a flat plate and the other is a bead mold having a semi-cylindrical convex portion of 8 mmφ, and the pressing load is 900 kg. Thereafter, the two-layer sample is pulled out at a speed of 200 mm / min, and the coating film peeling state of the portion rubbed with the convex mold at that time is observed. It has been found that this evaluation method can well reproduce the delamination of the coating film due to actual mold rubbing. The case where the generation area of delamination was 5% or more of the rubbed area was evaluated as x, and the case where no delamination occurred was evaluated as ◎.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003954763
[0020]
In Examples 1 to 5 , since N% of the upper layer and the lower layer satisfies the conditions, excellent interlayer adhesion is obtained. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 16, since N% of the upper layer is N% or more of the lower layer, the driving force for melamine diffusion from the lower layer to the upper layer is small, and effective diffusion does not occur, resulting in poor interlayer adhesion.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it has become possible to provide a precoated metal sheet having excellent interlayer adhesion.

Claims (1)

2層の塗膜を有し、下層側塗膜の、C、O、NのXPS強度の合計に対するNのXPS強度比(%)をX、上層側塗膜のNのXPS強度比(%)をYとしたとき、
16≦X≦25
≦Y≦X−5
を満たすことを特徴とする、層間密着性に優れるプレコート金属板。
XPS strength ratio (%) of N of the upper layer side coating film (%) with two layers of coating film, and the XPS strength ratio (%) of N to the total XPS strength of C, O, N of the lower layer side coating film Is Y,
16 ≦ X ≦ 25
3 ≦ Y ≦ X-5
The precoat metal plate which is excellent in interlayer adhesiveness characterized by satisfy | filling.
JP30050499A 1999-10-22 1999-10-22 Precoated metal plate with excellent interlayer adhesion Expired - Fee Related JP3954763B2 (en)

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