JP3946105B2 - Paper conveying apparatus, image forming apparatus, and image forming system - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a detection device for detecting the state of a moving paper, a paper bundle, or a movable part, which is provided in an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a printer, and a printing machine, and includes the detection device, and conveys the paper and the paper bundle. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sheet conveying apparatus that performs printing, an image forming apparatus including the sheet conveying apparatus, and an image forming system.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Many image forming apparatuses such as copiers and printers and their peripheral devices use a number of position detecting means for detecting the state of paper and movable parts. In general, optical sensors (light transmission type (photo interrupter) / light reflection type (photo reflector), etc.) are used in terms of cost and reliability.
[0003]
However, when a transmissive optical sensor is used as a state (position) detection means for paper or the like, the filler that shields the sensor can be rotated only in one direction, and the rotation is restricted by a stopper or the like in the opposite direction. The sensor or the position detection means itself is damaged if it is forcibly rotated. In addition, when a reflection type optical sensor is used as a state (position) detection means for paper or the like, the use location and application depend on the conditions such as the detection range, the operation speed of the detected object, and the layout conditions. It will be limited.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to allow a user to easily recover even when a jam occurs in a paper feed mechanism that conveys the paper by pushing or pinching the end surface of the paper with a member such as a claw or when the conveyance stops halfway. An object of the present invention is to provide an easy-to-use paper transport device, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming system that can perform processing.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, the first means is in contact with the contact member to the object to be detected, before Symbol connecting means for connecting the detection knowledge member the contact member, and when the contact member is moved in a predetermined direction A detecting device for detecting an object by the detecting means having a lock means for moving the detecting member integrally with the abutting member and setting output on / off according to the position of the detecting member; And a sheet conveying means that pushes and conveys the trailing edge of the sheet with the conveyance claw, and the detection means performs the conveyance only when the conveyance claw moves in a predetermined direction. It is characterized by a paper conveying device that detects the position of the nail . If comprised in this way, the position of a conveyance nail can be detected only at the time of the movement of a conveyance nail in the predetermined direction, for example, the movement of a conveyance direction.
[0007]
The second means is the first means, wherein the connecting means supports the contact member so as to be swingable with respect to the detection member, and the contact that swings around the support portion. A first elastic biasing member that elastically biases the member in the predetermined direction at all times, and a first restricting portion that restricts rotation of the contact member in the predetermined direction are provided. . If comprised in this way, if a to-be-detected object contact | abuts to a contact part and rotation is controlled by the 1st control part, the detection member connected via the connection means will rotate a contact member, The detection means detects the rotation state of the detection member and outputs a predetermined signal.
[0008]
According to a third means, in the first means, the lock means supports the detection member in a swingable manner, and the detection member rotates the contact member in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction. A second elastic urging member that elastically urges the member, and a second restricting portion that restricts rotation of the detecting member in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction at a predetermined position. If comprised in this way, since the contact member and detection member which were integrated in the state controlled by the 1st control part are supported by the support member so that rocking is possible, if a contact member rotates in a predetermined direction, The detection member rotates with respect to the swing center of the support member, and the detection means detects the rotation state of the detection member and outputs a predetermined signal.
[0009]
Further, in the second and third means, the rotation of the contact member is restricted by the first restricting portion, and further, the second elastic bias is applied so that the detection member is always restricted by the second restricting portion. Since it is held by the member, the occurrence of false detection such as chattering can be prevented.
[0010]
The fourth means is characterized in that, in the first to third means, the detection means is a transmissive optical sensor. If the detection means is constituted by a transmission type optical sensor, an ON signal is output when the state in which the detection member blocks the optical path of the transmission type optical sensor is released (when the optical path is opened), and position detection becomes possible. .
[0011]
According to a fifth means, in the fourth means, the detection member swings along the detection groove of the transmissive optical sensor, and the groove bottom of the detection groove functions as the second restricting portion. And In the case of a transmission type optical sensor, a light emitting element and a light receiving element are arranged with an object to be detected interposed therebetween, and when these are configured as one unit, the light emitting element and the light receiving element are respectively connected to the front end portions of the U-shaped holder. In most cases, the portion that faces the U-shaped groove is used as the second restricting portion. This eliminates the need to provide a stopper.
[0012]
The sixth means is characterized in that, in the first to third means, the detection means is a reflection type optical sensor. When the detection means is constituted by a reflection type optical sensor, an off signal is output when the detection member opens the optical path of the reflection type optical sensor, and position detection becomes possible. In the case of a reflection type optical sensor, an on / off signal is output depending on whether or not the detection member reflects light, so that the detection member is arranged to swing along the front surface of the detection means. .
[0013]
A seventh means is characterized in that, in the first to third means, the detecting means is a micro switch. When the detection means is constituted by a micro switch, an on / off signal is output depending on whether or not the detection member has pressed the micro switch by a predetermined amount.
[0015]
The eighth means includes, in any one of the first to seventh means, a manual operation means capable of moving the conveyance claw in a direction opposite to the conveyance direction in addition to the driving means for moving the conveyance claw. It is characterized by. When such a manual operation means is provided, it is possible to perform the jam processing by retracting the conveying claw during the jam processing.
[0016]
The ninth means comprises an image forming apparatus comprising an image forming means for forming a visible image on a sheet based on input image data, and a sheet conveying apparatus according to any one of the first to eighth means. It is characterized by. When such a sheet conveying device is provided in the image forming apparatus, jam processing and conveyance resumption control after jam processing can be performed reliably and accurately.
[0017]
The tenth means includes an image forming means for forming a visible image on a sheet based on the input image data, a post-processing means for performing post-processing on the paper image-formed by the image forming means, and first to first An image forming system is constituted by the sheet conveying apparatus according to any one of the means. With this configuration, when carrying out, for example, aligning the end of the sheet bundle of the bundle of sheets that have been bound or punched with respect to the sheet, reliable conveyance and easy jam processing can be performed.
[0018]
In the following embodiments, the detection member is the filler 4, the detection means is the optical sensor 7, the contact member is the arm 3, and the connection means is a hole 4 a (support) provided in the filler 4 and torsion. The locking means is fixed to the portion (first regulating portion) of the filler 4 where the projection 3b on the side opposite to the contact portion 3a between the coil spring 5 (first elastic biasing member) and the detected object of the arm 3 contacts. It corresponds to the shaft 2 (support member), the tension spring 6 (second elastic biasing member), and the groove bottom 7b of the detection groove 7a of the optical sensor 7 provided on the bracket 1 and the fixed bracket 1, respectively.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0020]
<Mechanical configuration>
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an overall configuration of a sheet conveying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0021]
The sheet conveying apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment has a function of feeding a sheet or sheet bundle discharged from the image forming apparatus PR or a sheet post-processing apparatus FR provided at a subsequent stage of the image forming apparatus PR to, for example, a cutting apparatus. is there. The paper transport apparatus 100 mainly includes a paper feed mechanism 110, a transport mechanism 120, a paper discharge mechanism 130, and a detection mechanism 140.
[0022]
The paper feed mechanism 110 includes a pair of paper feed guide plates 23, an entrance roller pair 22, and an entrance sensor S1, and feeds the sheet bundle 50 that has been carried in from the carry-in port 111 to the transport mechanism 120 side.
[0023]
The transport mechanism 120 includes a transport belt 12, a transport belt drive motor 16 that drives the transport belt 12, and a transport belt that is wound around the transport belt 12 and that transmits the driving force of the transport belt drive motor 16 to the transport belt 12. The drive pulleys 20a and 20b, the paper discharge claw 11 fixed to the conveyance belt 12 and abutting against the rear end portion of the sheet bundle 50 to move the sheet bundle 50, and the sheet bundle 50 are placed and define the conveyance direction. A pair of conveyance guide plates 13, and conveys the sheet bundle 50 sent from the inlet roller pair 22 onto the conveyance guide plate 13 on the conveyance belt 12 side to the paper discharge mechanism 130 side. Note that a pair of paper discharge claws 11 are provided at symmetrical positions with respect to the rotation direction of one transport belt 12.
[0024]
The paper discharge mechanism 130 includes a pair of paper discharge guide plates 14 and a paper discharge roller pair 15. The paper discharge guide plate 14 is sandwiched between the paper discharge roller pair 15 and the paper discharge roller pair 15 by a nip. Send out along.
[0025]
The detection mechanism 140 includes a transmissive optical sensor 7, a filler 4 that shields the optical path of the optical sensor 7, and an arm 3 that operates the filler 4. FIG. 2 shows details of the detection mechanism. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the entire configuration of the detection mechanism 140.
[0026]
In this detection mechanism 140, the arm 3 that contacts the object to be detected is fitted in a hole 4 a provided in the filler 4 that shields the transmission type optical sensor 7, and the arm 3 swings in the hole 4 a near the center. Supported as possible. When the object to be detected is not in contact with the arm 3, the torsion coil spring 5 causes the protrusion 3 b protruding to the opposite side of the contact part 3 a of the arm 3 with the object to be detected and the support part to contact the filler 4 and stop rotating. It is pressed against and constitutes a locking means. The filler 4 is configured to be able to swing around the shaft 2 fixed to one surface 1b of the fixed bracket 1 to which the detection mechanism 140 is attached. The filler 4 is attached to the fixed bracket 1 by swinging around the shaft 2. The optical path of the detection groove 7a of the attached optical sensor 7 can be shielded or opened. That is, the light emitting element 7c and the light receiving element 7d are arranged with the detection groove 7a interposed therebetween, and an optical path is formed between both the elements 7c and 7d.
[0027]
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the filler 4 is elastically biased by the tension spring 6 so as to stop in a state where the filler 4 is in contact with the bottom surface 7b of the detection groove 7a of the optical sensor 7, and a part of the filler 4 is part of the bottom surface. 7b. This state is maintained when the filler 4 is not operating. In FIG. 3, the contact portion 3 a of the arm 3 protrudes on the rotation locus of the transport belt 12 and is disposed so as to contact the paper discharge claw 11.
[0028]
In this embodiment, the spring that elastically biases the filler 4 is the tension spring 6, but an elastic member such as rubber may be used. Furthermore, although the rotation stopper of the filler 4 is used as the bottom surface 7b of the detection groove 7a of the optical sensor 7, it may be a separate part having a bending function or a stopper function in which the shape of the fixing bracket 1 is changed.
[0029]
<Electrical configuration>
As shown in FIG. 10, the control device 200 is composed of a microcomputer having a CPU 210, an I / O interface 220, and the like, each switch of the control panel of the image forming apparatus PR main body, the entrance sensor S1, and the transmission type optical sensor 7. Signals from sensors such as a paper discharge sensor (not shown) and a paper presence / absence sensor are input to the CPU 210 via the I / O interface 220.
[0030]
Based on the input signal, the CPU 210 controls a DC solenoid, a DC motor, a stepping motor, and the like to be controlled. In this embodiment, the driving of an entrance roller that drives the entrance roller pair 22, a transport belt drive motor 16 that drives the transport belt 12, and a paper discharge motor that drives the paper discharge roller 15 is controlled. Further, when the punch unit 230 is connected, punching control and conveyance control by punching of the punch unit 230 are also executed.
[0031]
<Operation>
3 to 7 are explanatory diagrams of the operation of the detection mechanism 140. FIG. In the present embodiment, the object to be detected detected by the detection mechanism 140 is the transport claw 11, but it goes without saying that it can be applied to paper and other movable parts.
[0032]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state in which the conveyance claw 11 as the detection object is not in contact with the arm 3. In this state, the filler 4 blocks the optical path of the detection groove 7 a of the optical sensor 7 and the optical sensor 7. The output of is OFF. Thereafter, when the conveying claw 11 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow, the conveying claw 11 comes into contact with the contact portion 3a of the arm 3 as shown in FIG. 4, thereby rotating the filler 4 to open the optical path of the optical sensor 7 ( Unblock). As a result, the output of the optical sensor 7 is turned ON, and the state (position) of the transport claw 11 is detected.
[0033]
After detecting the position of the conveyance claw 11, when the conveyance claw 11 again moves in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3, the filler 4 rotates to a position where it is largely retracted from the optical sensor 7 as shown in FIG. Since it is pulled in the direction of shielding the optical sensor 7, the filler 4 is again in the state shown in FIG.
[0034]
FIG. 6 shows the state of the detecting means when the conveyance claw 11 is operated from the direction opposite to the state (position) detection shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the state. is there. When the conveyance claw 11 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow, the arm 3 simply rotates around the hole 4a with the filler 4 and the other portions are the same as in the state shown in FIG. Therefore, the filler 4 does not move from the detection groove 7a of the optical sensor 7, and the output of the optical sensor 7 is not changed. On the other hand, since the arm 3 is pressed against the filler 4 by the torsion coil spring 5, the conveyance claw 11 passes through the arm 3 and then returns to the state shown in FIG.
[0035]
8 and 9 are a front view and a plan view, respectively, showing a main part of the sheet conveying apparatus shown in FIG.
[0036]
In the paper transport apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment, the transport belt drive pulley 20a shown in FIG. 1 is provided so as to rotate coaxially with the transport belt drive shaft 17 shown in FIG. 9, and the transport belt driven pulley 20b is transported. A belt driven shaft 18 is provided so as to rotate coaxially and integrally. The conveyor belt 12 is stretched between the pulleys 20 a and 20 b so as to sandwich the conveyor guide plate 13. A conveyor claw 11 is erected on the conveyor belt 12, and the sheet bundle 50 on the conveyor guide plate 13. The rear end is pushed and conveyed. Here, the sheet bundle 50 is described, but it goes without saying that one sheet may be used. Also, here, it is assumed that the sheet bundle 50 is already bound and a sheet conveying apparatus that conveys the bound sheet bundle 50 to the cutting device side. However, the operation itself is different even if the sheet bundle 50 is not bound. Absent.
[0037]
The conveyor belt drive motor 16 is disposed on the back side of the apparatus (as viewed from the operation side), and the conveyor belt drive shaft 17 rotates and conveys by rotating the conveyor belt drive pulley 20 via the conveyor belt drive timing belt 19. The claw 11 is driven. A rotation knob 21 is provided on the front side of the transport belt drive shaft 17 (the front side of the apparatus—the operation side) so that the user can move the transport claws 11 appropriately.
[0038]
When the sheet conveying apparatus 100 is configured in this way, when the sheet bundle 50 is caught by the sheet discharge roller 15 or the like and a jam occurs, if the sheet is removed in that state, the sheet is torn by the sheet discharge roller 15, and the inside of the apparatus There is a possibility that a piece of paper may remain or the conveyance claw 11 may be deformed or damaged. Therefore, when the user rotates the rotary knob 21 provided on the front side of the apparatus, the conveyance claw 11 is temporarily retracted in the direction opposite to the conveyance direction, and then the jam processing is performed to pull the paper upstream. can do. At this time, the optical sensor 7 detects when the home position of the transport claw 11 passes in the forward direction (paper bundle 50 transport direction) (FIGS. 3 to 5), but the transport claw 11 has moved in the reverse direction. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, only the arm 3 rotates in the reverse direction and the filler 4 does not rotate, so that the detection mechanism is not damaged or erroneously detected. Therefore, in the detection mechanism according to the present embodiment, only the position when moving in a desired direction is detected, and when the movement direction is not the desired direction, not only is not detected, but the detection mechanism 140 is loaded and damaged. Risk can be avoided.
[0039]
<Control procedure>
The control when transporting the sheet bundle 50 is divided into an initial operation and a transport operation. FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a control procedure during an initial operation, and FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a control procedure during a transport operation.
[0040]
When carrying, first, after setting the initial position of the carrying claw 11, the operation is started. In setting the initial position of the transport claw 11, first, the transport belt drive motor 16 is turned on to rotate the transport belt 12 in the paper transport direction (step 301), and the optical sensor 7 is turned on (step 302-YES). When the transport claw 11 moves a predetermined amount (step 303-YES), the transport belt drive motor 16 is turned off to stop the drive of the transport belt, and the transport claw 11 is positioned at the home position. The predetermined amount of movement of the conveying claw 11 can be easily set by controlling the number of steps after the optical sensor 7 is turned on when the conveying belt drive motor 16 is constituted by a stepping motor, for example. .
[0041]
In this way, with the conveying claw 11 positioned at the home position, the entrance roller drive motor (the motor that drives the entrance roller 22) is turned on (step 401), the entrance roller 22 is rotated, and the image forming apparatus or sheet post-processing is performed. When the sheet bundle 50 is discharged from the apparatus and the entrance sensor S1 is turned on, in other words, the entrance sensor S1 detects the leading end of the sheet bundle (step 402), and when a predetermined time has passed (step 403), the conveyance belt drive motor. 16 and the discharge roller drive motor are both turned on (step 404). As a result, the sheet bundle 50 is conveyed by the conveying claw 11 and sent to the paper discharge roller pair 15. Then, when the optical sensor 7 detects the conveyance claw 11 provided symmetrically with the conveyance claw 11 that directly conveys the sheet bundle 50 and is turned on (step 405 -YES), the conveyance claw 11 is moved by a predetermined amount. Then, it is positioned at the home position (step 406), the conveying belt drive motor 16 is turned off (step 407), and the next sheet bundle 50 is awaited to be discharged. If there is a next paper discharge (job) (step 408-NO), the processing from step 401 is repeated. If there is no next paper discharge (job) (step 408-YES), the entrance roller drive motor and the discharge are discharged. The paper roller drive motor is turned off, that is, the entrance roller 22 and the paper discharge roller 15 are stopped (step 409), and the process is completed.
[0042]
When a jam occurs during such control, the above-described jam processing is executed, and when the jam processing is completed, the initial processing of FIG. 11 is executed, and the process proceeds to the conveyance processing of FIG. Continue operation after jam processing.
[0043]
In the present embodiment, a transmissive optical sensor, a so-called photo interrupter, is used as the optical sensor 7, and the filler 4 shields or opens the optical path between the light emitting element 7c and the light receiving element 7d as shown in FIG. However, when a reflection type optical sensor, a so-called photo reflector, is used as the optical sensor 7, the light emitting element 7c and the light receiving element 7d are juxtaposed so as to face the same surface with respect to the filler 4, and the reflection from the filler 4 is performed. The presence or absence of light will be detected. When the reflection type optical sensor is used in this way, the bottom surface 7b of the detection groove 7a cannot be used as a stopper, so that it is necessary to provide a stopper for regulating the position of the filler 4 separately. Other parts may be configured in the same manner as the above-described embodiment.
[0044]
Further, a micro switch can be used in place of the optical sensor 7. Unlike the optical sensor 7, the microswitch is a contact-type sensor, so that it is necessary to switch directly or indirectly by the filler 4. In this case as well, if the micro switch is pressed down for more than a stroke, the micro switch will be damaged. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a stopper so that the micro switch does not move beyond the stroke required for switching the filler 4. Also in this case, the other parts may be configured in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment.
[0045]
The sheet conveying apparatus 100 is provided in the subsequent stage of the image forming apparatus PR or the sheet post-processing apparatus FR. The image forming apparatus PR itself has, for example, an electrophotographic copying machine, a printer, a FAX, and these functions. Since it is a complex multifunction machine or the like and the mechanism itself is known, detailed description thereof is omitted. The paper post-processing device FR or the paper processing device has a function of performing processing such as alignment, edge binding, saddle stitching, folding, punching, and cutting with respect to the paper after image formation. Since the mechanisms that perform these functions are also well known, detailed description thereof is omitted. In the case where the paper transport device 100 is provided at the subsequent stage of the paper post-processing device FR, after performing a predetermined process on the paper, the paper or the paper bundle is subjected to a part having a function when performing some processing. Used when transporting to the device.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, even when a jam occurs in the paper conveyance device that conveys the paper by pushing or pinching the end surface of the paper using the conveyance claw or the conveyance is stopped halfway, the user can easily In addition, it is possible to provide an easy-to-use sheet conveying apparatus, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming system that can perform a recovery process .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overall configuration of paper conveyance according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an operation explanatory diagram (part 1) illustrating an operation of the detection device of FIG. 2;
4 is an operation explanatory diagram (part 2) illustrating an operation of the detection device of FIG. 2; FIG.
FIG. 5 is an operation explanatory diagram (part 3) illustrating the operation of the detection device of FIG. 2;
6 is an operation explanatory view showing the state of the detection means when the conveyance claw has been operated from the direction opposite to the state (position) detection state shown in FIG. 2 to FIG.
7 is a perspective view of the detection means in the state of FIG. 6. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a front view showing a main part of the sheet conveying apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a main part of the sheet conveying apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a control configuration of the sheet conveying apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure of initial processing of a conveyance claw of the paper conveyance device.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a processing procedure of a paper transport operation by a transport claw of the paper transport device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fixed bracket 2 Shaft 3 Arm 3a Contact part 3b Protrusion 4 Filler 4a Hole 5 Torsion coil spring 6 Tension spring 7 Optical sensor 7a Detection groove 7b Groove bottom 100 Paper conveyance device PR Image forming device FR Paper post-processing device

Claims (10)

Contacting the contact member to the object to be detected, before moving Symbol connecting means for connecting the detection knowledge member the contact member, and the detecting member only when said abutment member is moved in a predetermined direction the abutment member integrally A detecting device for detecting an object by the detecting means, wherein the detecting means has a locking means to be turned on, and an output on / off is set according to a position of the detecting member;
A paper conveying means that includes a conveying claw that contacts the rear end of the paper in the conveying direction, and conveys the paper by pushing the trailing edge of the paper with the conveying claw;
With
The sheet conveying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the detecting unit detects the position of the conveying claw only when the conveying claw moves in a predetermined direction . The connecting means includes
A support portion for swingably supporting the contact member with respect to the detection member;
A first elastic biasing member that elastically biases the abutting member swinging around the support portion in the predetermined direction at all times;
A first restricting portion for restricting rotation of the contact member in the predetermined direction;
The sheet conveying apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: The locking means is
A support member for swingably supporting the detection member;
A second elastic biasing member that elastically biases the detection member so that the contact member rotates in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction;
A second restricting portion for restricting rotation of the detection member in a direction opposite to the predetermined direction at a predetermined position;
The sheet conveying apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: 4. The paper conveying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the detecting means is a transmissive optical sensor. The sheet conveying device according to claim 4, wherein the detection member swings along a detection groove of the transmissive optical sensor, and a groove bottom of the detection groove functions as the second restricting portion. 4. The paper conveying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the detecting means is a reflection type optical sensor. 4. The paper conveying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the detecting means is a micro switch. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a manual operation unit capable of moving the transporting claw in a direction opposite to a transporting direction in addition to the driving unit that moves the transporting claw. 9. The paper conveying apparatus as described. Image forming means for forming a visible image on paper based on the input image data;
A paper conveying device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
An image forming apparatus comprising: Image forming means for forming a visible image on paper based on the input image data;
Post-processing means for performing post-processing on the paper image-formed by the image forming means;
A paper conveying device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 ,
An image forming system comprising:

Images