JP3933233B2 - Modified valerian oil and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Modified valerian oil and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP3933233B2
JP3933233B2 JP02430297A JP2430297A JP3933233B2 JP 3933233 B2 JP3933233 B2 JP 3933233B2 JP 02430297 A JP02430297 A JP 02430297A JP 2430297 A JP2430297 A JP 2430297A JP 3933233 B2 JP3933233 B2 JP 3933233B2
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Prior art keywords
valerian oil
valerian
oil
modified
fatty acid
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JPH10204473A (en
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健 庄司
正弘 谷田
祥二 中村
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Shiseido Co Ltd
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Shiseido Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、改質バレリアンオイル及びその製造方法、特にその香気の改質に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
オミナエシ科(Valerianaceae)のカノコソウ(Valeriana)属に属するセイヨウカノコソウ(Valeriana officinalis L.)はバレリアン(Valerian)と呼ばれ、古くからヨーロッパではその根茎が鎮静作用のある薬草として飲用されてきた。また、これを水蒸気蒸留や溶剤抽出して精油(バレリアンオイル)が採油されている。バレリアンオイルは、吸入による鎮静効果があることが知られており、香料やアロマテラピーなどで鎮静を目的として用いられる。
【0003】
しかしながら、バレリアンオイルは全体としてウッディー・スパイシーな香りであるが、独特の不快臭を伴っており、そのため、バレリアンオイルの嗜好性は低く、その香気の改良が望まれていた。
バレリアンオイルの香気の改良方法としては、例えばバレリアンオイルを減圧蒸留し、80度以下の低沸点部を除去する方法が報告されている(特開平1−254628号公報)。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、本方法は加熱を伴うために香気成分、特に鎮静効果を有する成分の変性が懸念され、また、収率もそれぼど高くないためにコスト上の問題があった。
本発明は前記課題に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、バレリアンオイルの香気の改質、特に不快臭が無く、全体として調和のとれた好ましい香気を発し、且つ鎮静効果も従来のバレリアンオイルと同等以上に有する改質バレリアンオイル、ならびにこのような改質バレリアンオイルを容易且つ安価に製造する方法を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記目的を達成するために鋭意検討を行った結果、バレリアンオイルをアルカリ処理して脂肪酸等の酸性成分を除去することにより、鎮静効果を損なうことなくその香気のみが著しく改善された改質バレリアンオイルを高収率で得られることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明にかかる改質バレリアンオイルは、脂肪酸を含有するバレリアンオイルからアルカリ処理にて脂肪酸を除去したことを特徴とする。
【0006】
また、本発明にかかる改質バレリアンオイルの製造方法は、脂肪酸を含有するバレリアンオイルをアルカリ処理して脂肪酸を除去することを特徴とする。
なお、前記製造方法において、脂肪酸を含有するバレリアンオイルのエーテル溶液を炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液及び水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で順次抽出して脂肪酸を除去し、エーテル層からエーテルを除去することが好適である。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明にかかる改質バレリアンオイルは、バレリアンオイルからアルカリ処理によって脂肪酸を含む酸性成分を除去することにより得ることができる。本発明の改質バレリアンオイルの原料となるバレリアンオイルとしては、セイヨウカノコソウや、その近縁種であるカノコソウ(Valeriana officinalis L. var latifolia Miq.(V. japonica Makino))、エゾカノコソウ(V. fauriei forma yezoensis)、インドカノコソウ(V. wallichii D.C.)等の根茎等から公知の方法、例えば水蒸気蒸留や溶媒抽出等の方法で得た精油を用いることができる。また、これらセイヨウカノコソウ及びその近縁種から採油された精油がバレリアンオイル(Valerian oil)やカノコソウ油、吉相根油(Kesso root oil, Japanease valerian oil)として市販されており、これらは日本産、中国産、欧州産等産地に関わらず用いることができる。何れにしても本発明の原料となるバレリアンオイルは、少なくとも1種以上、通常数種類以上の脂肪酸を含んでおり、特に酢酸やイソ吉草酸を含む。
【0008】
本発明の改質バレリアンオイルの製造方法としては、まず、このような脂肪酸含有バレリアンオイルを有機溶媒、好ましくはエーテルに溶解し、これにアルカリ水溶液を加えて抽出操作を行い、脂肪酸を含む酸性成分を抽出除去する。アルカリ水溶液としては、通常抽出操作で汎用されるものであれば無機塩基、有機塩基を問わず用いることができるが、好ましくは炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液であり、特に炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で抽出後、さらに水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で抽出することが好ましい。得られた有機溶媒層を無水硫酸マグネシウム等で乾燥後、有機溶媒を減圧留去し、脂肪酸が除去されたバレリアンオイル(改質バレリアンオイル)を得る。なお、本発明の方法によれば改質バレリアンオイルを約90%以上の高収率で得ることができる。
【0009】
本発明の改質バレリアンオイルは、不快臭が全くない、フルーティ・ウッディータイプの良好な香気を有している。しかも、その鎮静効果はアルカリ処理によって損なわれることがなく、処理前のバレリアンオイルと同等以上の効果を有する。従って、本発明によれば不快臭のために低かったバレリアンオイルの嗜好性を著しく高めることができる。また、本発明によればこのような改質バレリアンオイルを容易且つ安価に製造することが可能であり、有用性の高い改質バレリアンオイルを提供できる。
【0010】
本発明の改質バレリアンオイルの用途としては賦香や鎮静効果を目的として、これらの効果を要するあらゆる用途に用いることが可能である。例えば、香水等のフレグランス製品、室内芳香剤等の芳香製品、クリーム、乳液、化粧パウダー、ボディーローション、ボディーオイル、ボディーソープ等の化粧品、トニック、ムース、ヘアスプレー、シャンプー、リンス等の頭髪製品、デオドラント製品、歯磨きや口腔清浄剤等の口腔用製品、エアゾール製品等が例示されるが、特にこれらに限定されるものではない。また、アロマテラピーや吸入用医薬品としても有用である。また、バレリアン自体が古くから鎮静効果のある生薬として経口的に用いられてきたことから、経口薬や食品として、あるいはこれらの賦香成分として用いることも考えられる。
以下、具体例を上げて本発明をさらに詳述するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。なお、各試験方法は後述する方法に従って行ったものである。
【0011】
下記表1は市販のバレリアンオイル(Valerian root oil)ならびに前記バレリアンオイルをアルカリ処理して得られた改質バレリアンオイル(後述実施例1)について、気−液クロマトグラフィー(GLC)及びガスクロマトグラフィー−質量分析(GC−MS)にて分析した結果を示している。
【0012】
表1を見ると、バレリアンオイルはイソ吉草酸(ピークNo.11)の他、酢酸(7)といった脂肪酸を含んでいる。これに対し、アルカリ処理して得られた改質バレリアンオイルでは、これら脂肪酸が完全に除去されていることがわかる。そして、アルカリ処理によって、処理前のバレリアンオイルが有していた不快臭は全くなくなり、パイン様で透明感のあるフレッシュなフルーティ・ウッディータイプの非常に好ましい香りとなった。また、アルカリ処理したバレリアンオイルは、処理前のバレリアンオイルと同等以上の鎮静効果を有していた。
【0013】
【表1】

Figure 0003933233
【0014】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
実施例1 アルカリ処理による改質バレリアンオイルの製造
市販バレリアンオイル(Valerian root oil:山本香料(株))20gにジエチルエーテル200mlを加えて溶解した。飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液100mlで抽出を3回行った。さらに、得られたエーテル層に対して5%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液100mlで抽出を3回行った。得られたエーテル層を無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、ジエチルエーテルをロータリーエバポレーターにて減圧留去し、改質バレリアンオイル18.3g(収率91.5%)を得た。
【0015】
試験例1 成分分析
上記実施例1のアルカリ処理前後のバレリアンオイルについてGLC、GC−MSにより成分分析を行ったところ、前記表1に示したように、アルカリ処理により、処理前のバレリアンオイル中の酢酸(ピークNo.7)、イソ吉草酸(11)といった脂肪酸が完全に除去された。なお、GLC、GC−MSの測定条件は次の通り。
<GLC測定条件>
機種;Hewlett-Packard 5890
カラム;HP-INNOWax(60m×0.25mm)
カラム温度;60→240℃(5℃/min昇温)
キャリアーガス;He(1.0ml/min)
検出器;FID
<GC−MS測定条件>
機種;Hewlett-Packard G1800A
カラム;HP-INNOWax(60m×0.25mm)
カラム温度;60→230℃(5℃/min昇温)
キャリアーガス;He(1.0ml/min)
【0016】
試験例2 香気官能試験
上記実施例1で製造した改質バレリアンオイル、ならびに原料として用いたバレリアンオイル(処理前)の香気を専門パネル10名によって評価した。なお、評価基準は以下の通り。
<評価基準>
◎…10名中9名以上が不快臭がないと評価した。
○…10名中6〜8名が不快臭がないと評価した。
△…10名中3〜5名が不快臭がないと評価した。
×…10名中3名以下が不快臭がないと評価した。
【0017】
【表2】
Figure 0003933233
【0018】
上記表2から明らかなように、処理前のバレリアンオイルが不快臭を有していたのに対し、アルカリ処理によって脂肪酸等の酸性成分が除去された改質バレリアンオイルの香気は、不快臭が全くなく、パイン様で透明感のあるフレッシュなフルーティ・ウッディータイプの香りで、処理前のバレリアンオイルに比べて非常に好ましい香りであった。
このことから、従来のバレリアンオイルの不快臭は、バレリアンオイルに含まれている脂肪酸の酸臭が一因であったと推察される。
【0019】
試験例3 ペントバルビタール睡眠時間延長作用
アルカリ処理前後のバレリアンオイルの吸入による鎮静効果をマウスを用いたバルビタール睡眠延長作用によって評価した。すなわち、ICR系雄性マウス(6〜7週齢、体重30〜35g)に、実施例1の改質バレリアンオイル又は処理前のバレリアンオイルを含む空気流(各オイルを5%含有するクエン酸トリエチル溶液20mlを50mlガラスバイアルに封入し、乾燥空気を0.2〜0.3ml/minの流速で吹き込んで、バブリングして発生させた)を4時間吸入させた群と、吸入を行わなかった群(コントロール)のペントバルビタール睡眠時間(55mg/kg腹注)を測定し、その差を比較した。なお、各群6匹で試験を行った。
【0020】
【表3】
Figure 0003933233
【0021】
表3から明らかなように、アルカリ処理したバレリアンオイルは、未処理のバレリアンオイルと同等以上の睡眠時間延長作用を有しており、アルカリ処理によってバレリアンオイルの鎮静効果が損なわれないことが示された。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、バレリアンオイルをアルカリ処理して脂肪酸を含む酸性成分を除去することにより、その香気が非常に改善され、しかも従来のバレリアンオイルと同等以上の鎮静効果を有する改質バレリアンオイルを容易且つ安価に得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a modified valerian oil and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to modification of its aroma.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Valeriana officinalis L. belonging to the genus Valeriana of the family Valerianaceae is called Valerian, and its roots have been drunk as a medicinal herb with a sedative effect in Europe for a long time. In addition, essential oil (valerian oil) is extracted by steam distillation or solvent extraction. Valerian oil is known to have a sedative effect by inhalation and is used for sedation with fragrances and aromatherapy.
[0003]
However, although valerian oil has a woody and spicy scent as a whole, it is accompanied by a unique unpleasant odor. Therefore, preference for valerian oil is low, and improvement of its fragrance has been desired.
As a method for improving the aroma of valerian oil, for example, a method has been reported in which valerian oil is distilled under reduced pressure to remove a low boiling point portion of 80 ° C. or less (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-254628).
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since this method is accompanied by heating, there is a concern about modification of aroma components, particularly components having a sedative effect, and there is a problem in cost because the yield is not so high.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to improve the fragrance of valerian oil, in particular, to produce a favorable fragrance that is harmless as a whole, has no unpleasant odor, and has a sedative effect as well. It is an object of the present invention to provide a modified valerian oil having an equivalent or better capacity and a method for easily and inexpensively producing such a modified valerian oil.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have significantly improved only the fragrance without impairing the sedation effect by removing the acidic components such as fatty acids by alkali treatment of valerian oil. The present inventors have found that the modified valerian oil can be obtained in a high yield, and have completed the present invention.
That is, the modified valerian oil according to the present invention is characterized in that the fatty acid is removed from the valerian oil containing the fatty acid by alkali treatment.
[0006]
The method for producing a modified valerian oil according to the present invention is characterized in that the valerian oil containing a fatty acid is treated with an alkali to remove the fatty acid.
In the above production method, it is preferable to sequentially extract an ether solution of valerian oil containing a fatty acid with an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to remove the fatty acid, and remove the ether from the ether layer.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The modified valerian oil according to the present invention can be obtained by removing acidic components containing fatty acids from valerian oil by alkali treatment. Examples of the valerian oil used as the raw material of the modified valerian oil of the present invention include valerian valerian and its related species, valeriana officinalis L. var latifolia Miq. (V. japonica Makino), Forma yezoensis), rhizomes such as Indian valerian (V. wallichii DC), and the like, for example, essential oils obtained by a method such as steam distillation or solvent extraction can be used. In addition, essential oils extracted from these valerian and related species are marketed as valerian oil, valerian oil, and keesso root oil (Kesso root oil, Japanease valerian oil). It can be used regardless of the production area, such as production and European production. In any case, the valerian oil as the raw material of the present invention contains at least one fatty acid, usually several fatty acids, and particularly contains acetic acid and isovaleric acid.
[0008]
As a method for producing the modified valerian oil of the present invention, first, such a fatty acid-containing valerian oil is dissolved in an organic solvent, preferably ether, an alkaline aqueous solution is added thereto, and an extraction operation is performed. To remove. As the alkaline aqueous solution, any inorganic base and organic base can be used as long as they are generally used in extraction operations, but a sodium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution and a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution are preferable, and a sodium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution is particularly preferable. After extraction, it is preferable to further extract with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The obtained organic solvent layer is dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate or the like, and then the organic solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain valerian oil from which fatty acids have been removed (modified valerian oil). According to the method of the present invention, the modified valerian oil can be obtained with a high yield of about 90% or more.
[0009]
The modified valerian oil of the present invention has a fruity-woody-type good aroma that has no unpleasant odor. Moreover, the soothing effect is not impaired by the alkali treatment, and has an effect equal to or higher than that of the valerian oil before the treatment. Therefore, according to the present invention, the palatability of valerian oil, which was low due to unpleasant odor, can be remarkably increased. Further, according to the present invention, such a modified valerian oil can be produced easily and inexpensively, and a highly useful modified valerian oil can be provided.
[0010]
The modified valerian oil of the present invention can be used for any purpose that requires these effects for the purpose of perfume or soothing. For example, fragrance products such as perfumes, fragrance products such as indoor fragrances, cosmetics such as creams, emulsions, cosmetic powders, body lotions, body oils, body soaps, hair products such as tonics, mousses, hair sprays, shampoos, rinses, Examples include deodorant products, oral products such as toothpastes and oral cleaners, aerosol products, and the like, but are not particularly limited thereto. It is also useful as an aromatherapy and inhalation medicine. Moreover, since valerian itself has been used orally as a herbal medicine having a sedative effect for a long time, it may be used as an oral drug or food, or as a flavoring ingredient thereof.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Each test method was performed according to the method described later.
[0011]
Table 1 below shows gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and gas chromatography of commercially available valerian oil (Valerian root oil) and modified valerian oil (Example 1 described later) obtained by alkali treatment of the valerian oil. The result analyzed by mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is shown.
[0012]
Referring to Table 1, valerian oil contains fatty acids such as acetic acid (7) in addition to isovaleric acid (peak No. 11). In contrast, it can be seen that the modified valerian oil obtained by the alkali treatment completely removes these fatty acids. And the alkali treatment completely eliminated the unpleasant odor that the valerian oil before the treatment had, and it became a pine-like and fresh fruity-woody-type fragrance that was very favorable. Further, the alkali-treated valerian oil had a sedative effect equivalent to or higher than that of the valerian oil before the treatment.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003933233
[0014]
【Example】
Hereinafter, although an example is given and the present invention is explained still in detail, the present invention is not limited to these.
Example 1 Production of modified valerian oil by alkali treatment 200 ml of diethyl ether was added to 20 g of commercially available valerian oil (Valerian root oil: Yamamoto Fragrance Co., Ltd.) and dissolved. Extraction was performed 3 times with 100 ml of saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. Further, the obtained ether layer was extracted three times with 100 ml of 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The obtained ether layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then diethyl ether was distilled off under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to obtain 18.3 g of modified valerian oil (yield 91.5%).
[0015]
Test example 1 Component analysis When valerian oil before and after alkali treatment of Example 1 was subjected to component analysis by GLC and GC-MS, as shown in Table 1, the alkali treatment was performed before treatment. Fatty acids such as acetic acid (peak No. 7) and isovaleric acid (11) in valerian oil were completely removed. Measurement conditions for GLC and GC-MS are as follows.
<GLC measurement conditions>
Model: Hewlett-Packard 5890
Column: HP-INNOWax (60m × 0.25mm)
Column temperature: 60 → 240 ° C (5 ° C / min temperature rise)
Carrier gas; He (1.0ml / min)
Detector: FID
<GC-MS measurement conditions>
Model: Hewlett-Packard G1800A
Column: HP-INNOWax (60m × 0.25mm)
Column temperature: 60 → 230 ° C (5 ° C / min temperature rise)
Carrier gas; He (1.0ml / min)
[0016]
Test Example 2 Aroma sensory test The aroma of the modified valerian oil produced in Example 1 above and the valerian oil (before treatment) used as a raw material was evaluated by 10 specialist panels. The evaluation criteria are as follows.
<Evaluation criteria>
A: Nine or more out of 10 people evaluated that there was no unpleasant odor.
A: Six to eight out of ten people evaluated that there was no unpleasant odor.
Δ: 3 to 5 out of 10 people evaluated that there was no unpleasant odor.
X: Three or less of 10 persons evaluated that there was no unpleasant odor.
[0017]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003933233
[0018]
As apparent from Table 2 above, the valerian oil before treatment had an unpleasant odor, whereas the aroma of the modified valerian oil from which acidic components such as fatty acids were removed by alkali treatment had no unpleasant odor. It was a pine-like and fresh fruity-woody-type fragrance that was very favorable compared to the valerian oil before treatment.
From this, it is surmised that the unpleasant odor of the conventional valerian oil was caused by the acid odor of the fatty acid contained in the valerian oil.
[0019]
Test Example 3 Pentobarbital sleep prolongation action The sedative effect by inhalation of valerian oil before and after alkali treatment was evaluated by barbital sleep prolongation action using mice. That is, an ICR male mouse (6 to 7 weeks old, body weight 30 to 35 g) was subjected to an air flow containing the modified valerian oil of Example 1 or valerian oil before treatment (a triethyl citrate solution containing 5% of each oil). 20 ml was sealed in a 50 ml glass vial, dry air was blown at a flow rate of 0.2 to 0.3 ml / min and generated by bubbling) and a group in which inhalation was not performed (in which no inhalation was performed) Control) pentobarbital sleep time (55 mg / kg ip) was measured and the difference was compared. The test was conducted with 6 animals in each group.
[0020]
[Table 3]
Figure 0003933233
[0021]
As is apparent from Table 3, the alkali-treated valerian oil has a sleep time-extending effect that is equal to or greater than that of the untreated valerian oil, indicating that the sedative effect of the valerian oil is not impaired by the alkali treatment. It was.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a modified valerian oil having a sedative effect equivalent to or higher than that of a conventional valerian oil can be obtained by removing the acidic components including fatty acids by alkali treatment of the valerian oil. It can be obtained easily and inexpensively.

Claims (3)

脂肪酸を含有するバレリアンオイルからアルカリ処理にて脂肪酸を除去したことを特徴とする改質バレリアンオイル。A modified valerian oil obtained by removing a fatty acid from a valerian oil containing a fatty acid by alkali treatment. 脂肪酸を含有するバレリアンオイルをアルカリ処理して脂肪酸を除去することを特徴とする改質バレリアンオイルの製造方法。A method for producing a modified valerian oil, characterized in that a fatty acid is removed by alkali treatment of a valerian oil containing a fatty acid. 請求項2記載の製造方法において、脂肪酸を含有するバレリアンオイルのエーテル溶液を炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液及び水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で順次抽出して脂肪酸を除去し、エーテル層からエーテルを除去することを特徴とする改質バレリアンオイルの製造方法。3. The production method according to claim 2, wherein the fatty acid is removed by sequentially extracting an ether solution of a valerian oil containing a fatty acid with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and the ether is removed from the ether layer. Method for producing modified valerian oil.
JP02430297A 1997-01-22 1997-01-22 Modified valerian oil and method for producing the same Expired - Lifetime JP3933233B2 (en)

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EP1293554A4 (en) * 2000-06-20 2004-12-22 Shiseido Co Ltd Stress-relieving perfumes and stress-relieving perfume compositions containing the same
JP5306160B2 (en) * 2001-08-08 2013-10-02 株式会社 資生堂 Use of a specific fragrance component for producing a fragrance composition for mental sedation, and a method for imparting a mental sedative effect in the fragrance composition
JP2008101129A (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-05-01 Shiono Koryo Kk Perfume composition and cosmetic formulated with the same
JP5558016B2 (en) * 2009-03-17 2014-07-23 株式会社 資生堂 Circadian rhythm regulator
JP5913118B2 (en) * 2010-10-27 2016-04-27 株式会社 資生堂 Collagen production promoter, hyaluronic acid production promoter, fibroblast proliferation promoter, and anti-wrinkle agent

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