JP3930158B2 - Laser surveying equipment - Google Patents

Description

ここで、ｎ₁₂−ｎ₁₁＝１の関係が成り立っているので、Δθ₁’＝−Δθとなる。つまり、レーザビームＬ₁のビーム軸は、鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zに対してｘ方向に−Δθ°だけ屈曲されて、鉛直方向ｌ₀に出射されることとなる。
【００４７】
すなわち、本実施形態では、鏡筒１４の機械軸ｌ_zが鉛直方向ｌ₀に対して傾いている場合でも、互いに不溶な液体を充填して形成されたビーム軸調整部２３の液層４４および液層４５の界面は常に水平に保たれるため、各液層４４、４５の頂角Δθが鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zの鉛直方向ｌ₀に対する傾きΔθと常に等しくなることを利用している。このため、鏡筒１４が鉛直方向ｌ₀に対して傾くことに起因するレーザビームＬ₀のビーム軸の傾きを常に自動的に補正することができる。従って、従来のレーザ測量装置のように、鏡筒全体を傾けるための機構を用いずに整準作業を行うことができる。よって、レーザ測量装置の構造を従来よりも簡単にすることができる。また、本実施形態のレーザ測量装置に設けられたビーム軸調整部は動力を必要としないため、従来よりも消費電力の小さいレーザ測量装置を提供することができる。
【００４８】
〈第２実施形態〉
図５に、第２実施形態のレーザ測量装置における整準機構およびレーザ出射光学系の一部を示す。本第２実施形態は、第１実施形態のビーム軸調整部２３と同様な部材が鏡筒１４の機械軸ｌ_z方向に複数個連結されたビーム軸調整部を用いて整準を行うことを特徴とし、その他の部分を第１実施形態と同一とする。以下、図５を用いて本実施形態のレーザ測量装置のビーム軸調整部５０の構造を説明する。
【００４９】
平行ガラス５１，５２，および５６は、その光透過面が鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zに直交するように、互いに平行な位置関係で鏡筒１４内に保持されている。平行ガラス５１と平行ガラス５２との間に配置された筒状部材５３は、その両開口縁が各平行ガラス５１，５２によって封止されている。この筒状部材５３の内部には、互いに不溶な２種類の液体が充填されることにより、液層５４，５５が形成されている。同様に、平行ガラス５２と平行ガラス５６との間に配置された筒状部材５７は、その両開口縁が各平行ガラス５２，５６によって封止されている。この筒状部材５７の内部にも、筒状部材５３内部と同様に、互いに不溶な２種類の液体が充填されることにより、液層５８，５９が形成されている。これら各液層５４，５５，５８，および５９の密度および屈折率を表１に示す。なお、図６の状態では、図示せぬ測定装置が用いられることにより、鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zおよびレーザビームＬ₀のビーム軸が正確に鉛直方向ｌ₀を向くように調整されている。この状態において、液層５４・５５の界面および液層５８・５９の界面は重力により常に水平に保たれている。
【００５０】
【表１】

ただし、表１において、各液層の屈折率および比重の間には、ｎ₂₁＜ｎ₂₂，ｎ₂₃＜ｎ₂₄，ｐ₁＞ｐ₂，ｐ₃＞ｐ₄，ｎ₂₂−ｎ₂₁＋ｎ₂₄−ｎ₂₃＝１という関係がそれぞれ成り立っている。
【００５１】
図６は、図５の状態から、鏡筒１４がｘ方向に＋Δθ°傾いた状態を示している。図６に示すように、鏡筒１４が鉛直方向ｌ₀に対して傾いた状態であっても、液層５４・５５の界面および液層５８・５９の界面は常に水平に保たれている。なお、説明の都合上、各レーザビームＬ₂₀〜Ｌ₂₃のビーム軸は、ビーム軸調整部５０によってその向きが修正される前の状態が示されている。
【００５２】
図７は、ビーム軸調整部５０によって各レーザビームＬ₂₀〜Ｌ₂₃の向きが調整された状態を示す。上述したように、ビーム軸調整部２３の液層５４・５５の界面および液層５８・５９の界面は重力により水平に保たれているため、各液層５４，５５，５８，および５９は、それぞれ頂角がΔθの楔として機能する。
【００５３】
まず、レーザダイオード２１から出射され、コリメータレンズ２２によって平行光に変換されたレーザビームＬ₂₀は、ビーム軸調整部５０の液層５４，５５によって順次屈曲される。このとき、液層５５を透過し、平行ガラス５２を介して液層５８に入射するレーザビームＬ₂₁の、レーザビームＬ₂₀に対する偏角Δθ₂₁’は、（４）式より、
Δθ₂₁’＝−Δθ（ｎ₂₂−ｎ₂₁） ・・・（５）
となる。液層５５を透過したレーザビームＬ₂₁は、各液層５８，５９によってさらに屈曲される。このとき、各液層５８，５９を透過したレーザビームＬ₂₂の、レーザビームＬ₂₁に対する偏角Δθ₂₂’も、（５）式と同様に、
Δθ₂₂’＝−Δθ（ｎ₂₄−ｎ₂₃） ・・・（６）
で表される。よって、ビーム軸調整部５０を透過したレーザビームＬ₂₂のレーザビームＬ₂₀に対する偏角Δθ₂’は、

となる。前述したように、本実施形態では、ｎ₂₂−ｎ₂₁＋ｎ₂₄−ｎ₂₃＝１の関係が成り立っているので、Δθ₂’＝−Δθとなる。つまり、レーザビームＬ₂₂のビーム軸は、ビーム軸調整部５０により、レーザビームＬ₂₀のビーム軸に対してｘ方向に−Δθ°だけ屈曲されて、鉛直方向ｌ₀に出射されることとなる。
【００５４】
このように、本実施形態では、鏡筒１４が鉛直方向ｌ₀に対して傾いている場合でも、互いに不溶な２種類の液体からなる層を複数重ね合わせて形成したビーム軸調整部５０の各液層５４・５５の界面および液層５８・５９の界面が常に水平に保たれるため、各液層５４，５５，５８，５９の頂角Δθが鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zの鉛直方向ｌ₀に対する傾きΔθと常に等しくなることを利用している。よって、鏡筒１４の鉛直方向ｌ₀からの傾きによるレーザビームＬ₂₀のビーム軸の傾きを常に自動的に補正することができる。従って、第１実施形態と同様に、従来よりも整準のための構造を簡素化することができ、しかも消費電力量の小さいレーザ測量装置を提供することができる。また、本実施形態では４層の液層を介してレーザビームＬ₂₂のビーム軸の向きを調整している。このため、液層５４，５５の屈折率の差や、液層５８，５９の屈折率の差が比較的小さい場合でも、ビーム軸の向きを補正することができるので、各液層に用いる材料の選択の幅を広げることができる。
【００５５】
なお、この第２実施形態では、４層の液層によりレーザビームＬ₂₂のビーム軸の向きを調整しているが、これに限らず、さらに多くの液層が積層されたビーム軸調整部を用いて、レーザビームＬ₂₂のビーム軸の向きを調整してもよい。図８に、第２実施形態の変形例のレーザ測量装置における整準機構およびレーザ出射光学系の一部を示す。図８に示すビーム軸調整部５０’は、図５のビーム軸調整部５０の平行ガラス５６上に、さらに、平行ガラス６１と、２枚の平行ガラス５６，６１によってその両開口縁が封止された筒状部材５６と、この筒状部材５６内に互いに不溶な液体が充填されることによって形成された液層６８，６９からなるユニットが積層されたものである。このビーム軸調整部５０’の各液層５４，５５，５８，５９の屈折率および密度は表１に示すとおりである。また、表１に示される各液層上に積層された液層６８，６９，・・・の屈折率は、ｎ₂₅，ｎ₂₆，・・・であり、密度は、ｐ₅，ｐ₆，・・・である。ここで、ｎ₂₅＜ｎ₂₆，ｐ₅＞ｐ₆の関係が成り立っており、さらに積層された各液層についても、同様の関係が成り立っているものとする。このとき、各液層の屈折率の間には、ｎ₂₂−ｎ₂₁＋ｎ₂₄−ｎ₂₃＋ｎ₂₆−ｎ₂₅・・・＝１の関係が成り立っている。
【００５６】
このような構成のビーム軸調整部５０’をレーザ測量装置に適用した場合でも、ビーム軸調整部５０を用いた場合と同様に、レーザダイオード２１から出射され、ビーム軸調整部５０’を透過したレーザビームＬ₂₂のビーム軸が鉛直方向ｌ₀を向くように調整することができる。
【００５７】
〈第３実施形態〉
図９に、本発明の第３実施形態のレーザ測量装置における整準機構およびレーザ出射光学系の一部を示す。本第３実施形態は、第１実施形態のビーム軸調整部２３と同様なビーム軸調整部６０を備える。本実施形態では、筒状部材４３内に互いに不溶な２種類の液体が充填されることにより、液層６４，６５が形成されている。ここで、液層６４および６５の屈折率をそれぞれｎ₃₁，ｎ₃₂とし、密度をそれぞれｐ₁，ｐ₂とすると、ｎ₃₁＜ｎ₃₂，ｐ₁＞ｐ₂の関係が成り立つ。また、本実施形態では、鏡筒１４内において、ビーム軸調整部６０の上方に固定された正レンズ６６および負レンズ６７の焦点距離をそれぞれｆ１，ｆ２とすると、これら各レンズ６６，６７の焦点距離ｆ１，ｆ２と各液層６４，６５の屈折率ｎ₃₁，ｎ₃₂との間には、（８）式の関係が成立している。なお、この図９の状態では、図示せぬ測定装置が用いられることにより、鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zおよびレーザビームＬ₃₀のビーム軸が正確に鉛直方向ｌ₀を向くように調整されている。
【００５８】
ｆ２＝（ｎ₃₂−ｎ₃₁）ｆ１ ・・・（８）
図１０は、鏡筒１４が、図２の状態からｘ方向に＋Δθ°傾いた状態を示している。図１０に示すように、鏡筒１４が鉛直方向ｌ₀に対して傾いた状態であっても、液層６４・６５の界面は常に水平に保たれている。なお、説明の都合上、各レーザビームＬ₃₀〜Ｌ₃₄のビーム軸は、ビーム軸調整部６０によってその向きが修正される前の状態を示している。
【００５９】
図１１は、ビーム軸調整部６０によって各レーザビームＬ₃₀〜Ｌ₃₄のビーム軸の向きが調整された状態を示す。また、図１２は、このときの各レンズ６６，６７を透過するレーザビームＬ₃₁〜Ｌ₃₃のビーム軸の状態を表す光学図である。上記各実施形態と同様、ビーム軸調整部６０の液層６４・６５の界面は重力により常に水平に保たれているため、各液層６４，６５は、それぞれ頂角がΔθ°の楔として機能する。まず、レーザダイオードから出射され、コリメータレンズ２２によって平行光に変換されたレーザビームＬ₃₀は、ビーム軸調整部６０の液層６４，６５によって順次屈曲される。このときの、各液層６４，６５によって屈曲されたレーザビームＬ₃₁のレーザビームＬ₃₀に対する偏角Δθ₃’は、第１実施形態の（４）式と同様に、
Δθ₃’＝−Δθ（ｎ₃₂−ｎ₃₁） ・・・（４’）
で表される。
【００６０】
ビーム軸調整部６０を透過したレーザビームＬ₃₁は、鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zに対してΔθ₃’°だけ傾いた状態で、正レンズ６６に入射する。このため、正レンズ６６を透過したレーザビームＬ₃₂の集光点は、レンズ６６の焦点Ｆからａだけ離れた点Ｆ１に位置する。ここで、レーザビームＬ₃₂の集光点Ｆ１のレンズ６６の焦点Ｆからの距離ａは、図１２より、
ａ＝ｆ１×ｔａｎ（Δθ₃’） ・・・（９）
と表される。
【００６１】
レーザビームＬ₃₂は、レンズ６７により再び平行ビームであるレーザビームＬ₃₃に変換される。このとき、レンズ６７より出射されるレーザビームＬ₃₃のビーム軸は、レンズ６６によるレーザビームＬ₃₂の集光点Ｆ１と、レンズ６７の主点Ｈとを結ぶ線に平行となる。従って、レーザビームＬ₃₃のビーム軸の鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zに対する傾きをΔωとすると、図１０より、次式の関係が成り立つ。
【００６２】
ｔａｎ（Δω）＝ａ／ｆ２ ・・・（１０）
ここで、ω≒０のとき、ｃｏｓω≒１，ｓｉｎω≒ωであるので、ｔａｎω＝ｓｉｎω／ｃｏｓω≒ω／１＝ω ・・・（１１）となる。この関係を用いると、（９），（１０）式は次のように変形される。
【００６３】
Δθ₃’＝ａ／ｆ１ ・・・（１２）
Δω＝ａ／ｆ２ ・・・（１３）
（１２），（１３）式より、
Δθ₃’＝Δω×ｆ２／ｆ１
である。これに（４’）式を代入すると、
−Δθ（ｎ₃₂−ｎ₃₁）＝Δω×ｆ２／ｆ１ ・・・（１４）
また、（８）式より、（ｎ₃₂−ｎ₃₁）＝ｆ２／ｆ１なので、これを（１４）式に代入すると、
−Δθ（ｆ２／ｆ１）＝Δω×ｆ２／ｆ１
すなわち、Δω＝−Δθとなる。
【００６４】
よって、レンズ６７から出射されたレーザビームＬ₃₃のビーム軸は、鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zに対してｘ方向に−Δθ°傾くので、このレーザビームＬ₃₃は鉛直方向ｌ₀に出射される。従って、鏡筒１４の傾きによるレーザビームＬ₃₀の鉛直方向ｌ₀からの傾きを補正することができる。
【００６５】
このように、本実施形態では、上述した第１実施形態と同様なビーム軸調整部６０を用い、このビーム軸調整部６０の液層６４，６５の屈折率ｎ₃₁，ｎ₃₂と、ビーム軸調整部６０よりもペンタプリズム２７側に設けられた正レンズ６６および負レンズ６７の焦点距離ｆ１，ｆ２とが、（８）式の関係を満たすように各値を設定している。これにより、負レンズ６７から出射されるレーザビームＬ₃₃のビーム軸が常に鉛直方向ｌ₀に向くように自動的に調整することができる。従って、上記各実施形態と同様に、従来よりも整準のための構造を簡素化することができ、しかも消費電力量の小さいレーザ測量装置を提供することができる。
【００６６】
〈第４実施形態〉
図１３は、本発明の第４実施形態のレーザ測量装置における整準機構およびレーザ光学系の一部を示す。本第４実施形態は第２実施形態のビーム軸調整部と同様な構造のビーム軸調整部を用いて整準を行うことを特徴とし、その他の部分を第３実施形態と同一とする。第２実施形態と同様に、本実施形態のビーム軸調整部７０は、平行ガラス５１，５２によってその開口縁が封止された筒状部材５３内に互いに不溶な２種類の液体が充填されて形成された液層７１，７２と、平行ガラス５２，５６によってその開口縁が封止された筒状部材５７内に互いに不溶な２種類の液体が充填されて形成された液層７３，７４とを有している。これら各液層７１〜７４の密度および屈折率を表２に示す。なお、この図１３の状態では、図示せぬ測定装置が用いられることにより、鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zおよびレーザダイオード２１から出射されたレーザビームＬ₄₀のビーム軸が正確に鉛直方向ｌ₀を向くように調整されている。
【００６７】
【表２】

但し、表２において、各液層の屈折率及び比重の間には、ｎ₄₁＜ｎ₄₂，ｎ₄₃＜ｎ₄₄，ｐ₁＞ｐ₂，ｐ₃＞ｐ₄という関係が、それぞれ成り立っている。また、本実施形態では、鏡筒１４内において、ビーム軸調整部７０の上方に固定された正レンズ６６および負レンズ６７の焦点距離をそれぞれｆ１，ｆ２とすると、次式の関係が成立している。
【００６８】
ｆ２＝（ｎ₄₂−ｎ₄₁＋ｎ₄₄−ｎ₄₃）ｆ１ ・・・（１５）
図１４は、第４実施形態において、鏡筒１４が鉛直方向ｌ₀に対してｘ方向に＋Δθ°傾いた状態を示している。図１３に示すように、鏡筒１４が鉛直方向ｌ₀に対して傾いた状態であっても、ビーム軸調整部７０の液層７１・７２の界面および液層７３・７４の界面は、重力により常に水平に保たれている。なお、この図１４において、各レーザビームＬ₄₀〜Ｌ₄₃のビーム軸は、ビーム軸調整部７０によってその向きが修正される前の状態を示している。
【００６９】
図１５は、ビーム軸調整部７０によって各レーザビームＬ₄₀〜Ｌ₄₄のビーム軸の向きが調整された状態を示す。以下、図１２および図１５を用いて、ビーム軸調整部７０によるレーザビームＬ₄₃の出射方向の調整方法を説明する。第４実施形態において、液層７１・７２の境界面および液層７３・７４の境界面が重力により水平に保たれることにより、上述の各実施形態と同様に、各液層７１〜７４がそれぞれ頂角Δθ°の楔として機能する。
【００７０】
まず、レーザダイオードから出射され、コリメータレンズ２２によって平行光に変換されたレーザビームＬ₄₀は、ビーム軸調整部７０の各液層７１〜７４によって順次屈折される。このときのビーム軸調整部７０から出射されたレーザビームＬ₄₁のレーザビームＬ₄₀に対する偏角Δθ₄’は、第２実施形態の（７）式より、次式のように表される。
【００７１】
Δθ₄’＝−Δθ（ｎ₄₂−ｎ₄₁＋ｎ₄₄−ｎ₄₃） ・・・（７’）
ビーム軸調整部７０を透過したレーザビームＬ₄₁は、鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zに対してΔθ₄’°だけ傾いた状態で、レンズ６６に入射する。このため、レンズ６６を透過したレーザビームＬ₄₂の集光点Ｆ２は、第３実施形態と同様に、レンズ６６の焦点Ｆからａだけ離れた位置となる。ここで、レーザビームＬ₄₂のレンズ６６の焦点Ｆからの距離ａは、図１２および（９）式より、
ａ＝ｆ１×ｔａｎ（Δθ₄’） ・・・（９’）
レーザビームＬ₄₂は、レンズ６７により再び平行ビームであるレーザビームＬ₄₃に変換される。このとき、レンズ６７より出射されるレーザビームＬ₄₃のビーム軸の鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zに対する傾きをΔωとすると、（１０）式の関係が成り立つ。
【００７２】
ここで、第３実施形態と同様に、（１１）式の関係を用いて（９’），（１０）式を変形すると、
Δθ₄’＝Δω×ｆ２／ｆ１ ・・・（１６）
となる。
【００７３】
この（１６）式に（７’）式を代入すると、
−Δθ（ｎ₄₂＋ｎ₄₄−ｎ₄₁−ｎ₄₃）＝Δω×ｆ２／ｆ１ ・・・（１７）
となる。そして、（１５），（１７）式より、Δω＝−Δθの関係が導かれる。
【００７４】
よって、レンズ６７から出射されたレーザビームＬ₄₃のビーム軸は、鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zに対してｘ方向に−Δθ°傾くので、レーザビームＬ₄₃は鉛直方向ｌ₀に出射される。従って、鏡筒１４の傾きによるレーザビームＬ₄₀の鉛直方向ｌ₀からの傾きを補正することができる。
【００７５】
このように、本実施形態によれば、上記各実施形態と同様に、従来よりも整準のための構造を簡素化することができ、しかも消費電力の小さいレーザ測量装置を提供することができる。
【００７６】
なお、この第４実施形態では、４層の液層によりレーザビームＬ₄₃のビーム軸の向きを調整しているが、これに限らず、さらに多くの液層が積層されたビーム軸調整部を用いて、ビーム軸Ｌ₄₃の向きを調整してもよい。図１６に、第４実施形態の変形例のレーザ測量装置における整準機構およびレーザ出射光学系の一部を示す。図１６に示すビーム軸調整部７０’は、図１３に示すビーム軸調整部７０の平行ガラス５６上に、さらに、平行ガラス７７と、２枚の平行ガラス５６，７７によってその両開口縁が封止された筒状部材７８と、この筒状部材７８内に互いに不溶な液体が充填されることにより形成された液層７５，７６からなるユニットが積層されたものである。このビーム軸調整部７０’の各液層７１〜７４の屈折率および密度は表２に示すとおりである。また、表２に示される各液層上に積層された液層７５，７６，・・・の屈折率は、ｎ₄₅，ｎ₄₆，・・・であり、密度はｐ₅，ｐ₆，・・・である。ここで、ｎ₄₅＜ｎ₄₆，ｐ₅＞ｐ₆の関係が成り立っており、さらに積層された液層についても、同様の関係が成り立つものとする。このとき、各液層の屈折率および各レンズ６６，６７の焦点距離の間には、ｆ２＝（ｎ₄₂−ｎ₄₁＋ｎ₄₄−ｎ₄₃＋ｎ₄₆−ｎ₄₅・・・）ｆ１の関係が成り立っている。
【００７７】
このような構成のビーム軸調整部７０’をレーザ測量装置に適用した場合でも、ビーム軸調整部７０を用いた場合と同様に、レーザダイオード２１から出射され、ビーム軸調整部７０’，正レンズ６６，および負レンズ６７を透過したレーザビームＬ₄₃が鉛直方向ｌ₀に出射されるよう調整することができる。
【００７８】
〈第５実施形態〉
図１７は、第５実施形態のレーザ測量装置における整準機構およびレーザ出射光学系の一部を示す。本実施形態は、レーザダイオードから出射されたレーザビームを、平行光に変換することなく直接ビーム軸調整部に入射させ、ビーム軸調整部を透過した後のレーザビームを平行光に変換することを特徴とし、その他の部分を第１実施形態と同一とする。
【００７９】
本実施形態のレーザ測量装置の鏡筒１４内には、鏡筒１４端部に固定されたレーザダイオード２１側から、ビーム軸調整部８０，正レンズ１１６，および負レンズ１１７が固定されている。ビーム軸調整部８０は第１実施形態と同様な構造を有しており、各平行ガラス４１，４２によってその両開口縁が封止された筒状部材４３内には、互いに不溶な２種類の液体が充填されることにより、液層１１１，１１２が形成されている。これら各液層１１１，１１２の屈折率はそれぞれｎ₅₁，ｎ₅₂（但し、ｎ₅₁＜ｎ₅₂）であり、密度はそれぞれｐ₁，ｐ₂（但し、ｐ₁＞ｐ₂）である。なお、この図１７の状態では、図示せぬ測定装置が用いられることにより、鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zおよびレーザダイオード２１から出射されるレーザビームＬ₅₀のビーム軸が正確に鉛直方向ｌ₀を向くように調整されている。また、本実施形態では、正レンズ１１６および負レンズ１１７の焦点距離をそれぞれｆ３，ｆ４とすると、（１８）式の関係が成り立っている。
【００８０】
ｎ₅₁−ｎ₅₂＝（ａ−ｆ３）ｆ４／（ａｆ３） ・・・（１８）
図１８は、図１７の状態から、鏡筒１４がｘ方向に＋Δθ°傾いた状態を示している。前述した第１実施形態と同様、鏡筒１４が鉛直方向ｌ₀に対して傾いた状態であっても、ビーム軸調整部８０の液層１１１，１１２の界面は重力により常に水平に保たれている。なお、この図１８において、各レーザビームＬ₅₀〜Ｌ₅₄のビーム軸は、ビーム軸調整部８０によってその向きが修正される前の状態を示している。
【００８１】
図１９は、ビーム軸調整部８０によって各レーザビームＬ₅₀〜Ｌ₅₄のビーム軸の向きが調整された状態を示す。また、図２０は、図１９の状態での各レンズ１１６，１１７を透過するレーザビームのビーム軸の状態を示す図である。上記各実施形態と同様に、ビーム軸調整部８０の液層１１１・１１２の界面は重力により常に水平に保たれているため、各液層８１，８２はそれぞれ頂角がΔθ°の楔として機能する。
【００８２】
まず、レーザダイオード２１から出射されたレーザビームＬ₅₀は、ビーム軸調整部８０の液層１１１，１１２によって順次屈折される。このときの、ビーム軸調整部８０によって屈曲されたレーザビームＬ₅₂のレーザビームＬ₅₀に対する偏角Δθ₅’は、第１実施形態の（４）式と同様に、以下のように表される。
【００８３】
Δθ₅’＝−Δθ（ｎ₅₂−ｎ₅₁） ・・・（１９）
ビーム軸調整部８０を透過したレーザビームＬ₅₁は、鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zに対してΔθ₅’°だけ傾いた状態で、正レンズ１１６に入射する。このため、正レンズ１１６を透過したレーザビームＬ₅₂の集光点Ｆ２は、鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zからｃ２だけ離れた点に位置する。正レンズ１１６の主点Ｈ２から負レンズ８７の焦点Ｆ３までの距離をｂとすると、このレーザビームＬ₅₂の集光点Ｆ２の鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zからの距離ｃ２は、図２０より、
ｃ２＝ｂ×ｔａｎ（Δθ₅’） ・・・（２０）
と表される（但し、ｂは正レンズ１１６の主点Ｈ２から負レンズ１１７の焦点Ｆ３までの距離である）。レーザビームＬ₅₂は、負レンズ１１７により平行ビームに変換される。このとき、負レンズ１１７より出射されるレーザビームＬ₅₃のビーム軸は、レーザビームＬ₅₃の集光点Ｆ２と負レンズ１１７の主点Ｈ３とを結ぶ線に平行となる。従って、レーザビームＬ₅₃のビーム軸の鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zに対する傾きをΔω°とすると、
Δω＝ｔａｎ^-1（ｃ２／ｆ４） ・・・（２１）
となる。このΔωの値が−Δθ°となる場合に、レーザビームＬ₅₃が鉛直に出射されることとなる。
【００８４】
ここで、Δω＝−Δθと仮定する。まず、レーザダイオード２１からレンズ１１６の主点Ｈ２までの距離をａとし、この主点Ｈ２から負レンズ１１７の焦点Ｆ３までの距離をｂとすると、一般に次式が成り立つ。
【００８５】
（１／ａ）＋（１／ｂ）＝（１／ｆ３） ・・・（２２）
この（２２）式を変形すると、
ｂ＝ａｆ３／（ａ−ｆ３） ・・・（２３）
となる。また、図２０より、
ｔａｎ（Δθ₅’）＝ｃ２／ｂ ・・・（２４）
ｔａｎ（Δω）＝ｔａｎ（−Δθ）＝ｃ２／ｆ４ ・・・（２５）
がそれぞれ成り立つ。
【００８６】
（２３）〜（２５）式より、

となる。このとき、ｔａｎ（Δθ₅’）／ｔａｎ（−Δθ）≒Δθ₅’／（−Δθ）（（１１）式より）が成り立つので、（２６）式は次式のように変形される。
【００８７】
Δθ₅’／（−Δθ）＝（ａ−ｆ３）ｆ４／（ａｆ３） ・・・（２７）
（１９）式より、Δθ₅’／（−Δθ）＝ｎ₅₂−ｎ₅₁なので、これを（２７）式に代入すると、
ｎ₅₂−ｎ₅₁＝（ａ−ｆ３）ｆ４／（ａｆ３） ・・・（２８）
すなわち、本実施形態において、負レンズ１１７から出射されるレーザビームＬ₅₃のビーム軸が、鏡筒機械軸ｌ_zに対してｘ方向に−Δθ°だけ屈曲され、正確に鉛直方向ｌ₀を向くためには、上記（２８）式を満たすように各パラメータを設定すればよい。ここでは、（１８）式においてこれらの関係が満たされているので、図１９に示すように、レーザビームＬ₅₃はそのビーム軸が鉛直方向ｌ₀を向くように出射される。
【００８８】
このように、本実施形態では、レーザダイオード２１から出射されたレーザビームＬ₅₀を平行光に変換することなくビーム軸調整部８０に入射させ、ビーム軸調整部８０の各液層１１１，１１２が楔として機能することによって屈曲されたレーザビームＬ₅₁を、正レンズ１１６及び負レンズ１１７によってビーム径の大きさを調整するとともに平行光に変換し、なおかつ負レンズ１１７から出射されるレーザビームのビーム軸の向きを調整している。このため、上述した各実施形態と同様に従来よりも整準のための構造を簡素化することができ、しかも消費電力量の小さいレーザ測量装置を提供することができる。また、本実施形態では、上述した他の各実施形態よりも使用する光学部材の数を減少させることができる。
【００８９】
なお、この第５実施形態では、２層の液層によりレーザビームＬ₅₃のビーム軸の向きを調整しているが、これに関わらず、さらに多くの液層が積層されたビーム軸調整部を用いて、レーザビームＬ₅₃のビーム軸の向きを調整しても良い。図２１に、第５実施形態の変形例のレーザ測量装置における整準機構およびレーザ出射光学系の一部を示す。図２１に示すビーム軸調整部８０’は、図１７のビーム軸調整部８０の平行ガラス４２上に、さらに、平行ガラス１１８と、２枚の平行ガラス４２，１１８によってその両開口縁が封止された筒状部材１１９と、この筒状部材１１９内に互いに不溶な液体が充填されることによって形成された液層１１３，１１４とからなるユニットが積層されたものである。このビーム軸調整部８０’の各液層１１１，１１２の屈折率および密度は、前述した通りである。また、液層１１３，１１４，・・・の屈折率は、ｎ₅₃，ｎ₅₄，・・・であり、密度は、ｐ₃，ｐ₄，・・・である。ここで、ｎ₅₃＜ｎ₅₄，ｐ₃＞ｐ₄の関係が成り立っており、さらに積層された各液層についても、同様の関係が成り立っているものとする。このとき、各液層の屈折率および各レンズ１１６，１１７の焦点距離等の間には次式の関係が成り立っている。
【００９０】
ｎ₅₂−ｎ₅₁＋ｎ₅₄−ｎ₅₃・・・＝（ａ−ｆ３）ｆ４／（ａｆ３）
このような構成のビーム軸調整部５０’をレーザ測量装置に適用した場合でも、ビーム軸調整部８０’および各レンズ１１６，１１７を透過したレーザビームＬ₅₃が鉛直方向ｌ₀に出射されるように調整することができる。
【００９１】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、複雑な整準機構を必要とせず、レーザ測量装置の構造を簡素化することができる。また、モータ等の動力を必要としないため、従来よりも消費電力の小さいレーザ測量装置を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の第１実施形態によるレーザ測量装置を構成する投光装置の構成を示す断面図
【図２】 本発明の第１実施形態によるレーザ測量装置の整準機構を説明するための図
【図３】 図２の状態からレーザビームＬ₁₀のビーム軸がｘ方向に＋Δθ°傾いた状態を示す図
【図４】 図３の状態からビーム軸調整部２３によって整準作業が行われた様子を示す図
【図５】 本発明の第２実施形態によるレーザ測量装置の整準機構を説明するための図
【図６】 図５の状態からレーザビームＬ₂₀のビーム軸がｘ方向に＋Δθ°傾いた状態を示す図
【図７】 図６の状態からビーム軸調整部５０によって整準作業が行われた様子を示す図
【図８】 本発明の第２実施形態の変形例によるレーザ測量装置の整準機構を説明するための図
【図９】 本発明の第３実施形態によるレーザ測量装置の整準機構を説明するための図
【図１０】 図９の状態からレーザビームＬ₃₀のビーム軸がｘ方向に＋Δθ°傾いた状態を示す図
【図１１】 図９の状態からビーム軸調整部６０によって整準作業が行われた様子を示す図
【図１２】 図１１の状態における各レンズ６６，６７を透過する各レーザビームのビーム軸を示す光学図。
【図１３】 本発明の第４実施形態によるレーザ測量装置の整準機構を説明するための図
【図１４】 図１３の状態からレーザビームＬ₄₀のビーム軸がｘ方向に＋Δθ°傾いた状態を示す図
【図１５】 図１３の状態からビーム軸調整部７０によって整準作業が行われた様子を示す図
【図１６】 本発明の第４実施形態の変形例によるレーザ測量装置の整準機構を説明するための図
【図１７】 本発明の第５実施形態によるレーザ測量装置の整準機構を説明するための図
【図１８】 図１７の状態からレーザビームＬ₅₀のビーム軸がｘ方向に＋Δθ°傾いた状態を示す図
【図１９】 図１７の状態からビーム軸調整部８０によって整準作業が行われた様子を示す図
【図２０】 図１９の各レンズ６６，６７を透過する各レーザビームのビーム軸の状態を示す光学図
【図２１】 本発明の第５実施形態の変形例によるレーザ測量装置の整準機構を説明するための図
【図２２】 従来技術のレーザ測量装置の構造を示す断面図
【符号の説明】
１４ 鏡筒
２１ レーザダイオード
２２ コリメータレンズ
２３，５０，６０，７０，８０，５０’，７０’，８０’ ビーム軸調整部
２５，６７，１１７ 負レンズ
２６，６６，１１６ 正レンズ
２７ ペンタプリズム
４１，４２，５１，５２，５６，６１，７７，１１８ 平行ガラス
４３，５３，５７，６２，７８，１１９ 筒状部材
４４，４５，５４，５５，５８，５９，６４，６５，６８，６９，７１〜７６，１１１〜１１４ 液層[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a laser surveying apparatus that projects a reference line by a laser beam in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction with respect to a predetermined surface.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, laser surveying devices (so-called laser planers) for marking out horizontal lines and vertical lines have been used in fields such as civil engineering and architecture. This laser device rotates a light projecting section that emits laser light, scans the laser light in the circumferential direction, and projects a vertical or horizontal reference line on a projection surface such as a wall surface by the locus of the laser light. is there.
[0003]
FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a conventional laser surveying instrument. FIG. 22 shows a state in which the laser surveying device is set up in the vertical direction in order to perform laser beam scanning in the horizontal direction. The lens barrel 82 housed in the housing 81 includes a hollow laser beam optical path 82b penetrating the whole along the central axis of the laser surveying instrument, and a hollow laser beam optical path 82a branched at right angles from the laser beam optical path 82b. It is composed of A laser diode 83, a collimator lens unit 104, and an anamorphic prism 84 are fixed in the laser beam path 82a from the end face side. A right-angle prism 85 is fixed at the intersection of the laser beam paths 82a and 82b.
[0004]
In the laser beam path 82b, a front group lens 86 and a rear group lens 87 are fixed upward from the right-angle prism 85 in FIG.
A substantially cylindrical rotary light projecting unit 88 in which a pentaprism 89 is housed is attached to the upper end of the lens barrel 82 so as to be rotatable in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam optical path 82b. Openings are respectively formed on the upper end surface and the side of the rotary light projecting unit 88.
[0005]
In the laser surveying device having such a configuration, the laser beam L is emitted from the laser diode 83 fixed to the end face of the laser beam optical path 82a._TenIs emitted, the laser beam L_TenIs reflected by 90 ° to the side of the rotary projector 88 in the right-angle prism 85, passes through the front group lens 86 and the rear group lens 87, and enters the pentaprism 89. Laser beam L incident on the pentaprism 89_TenAre sequentially reflected by the first reflecting surface 89a and the second reflecting surface 89b inclined by 45 ° with respect to the first reflecting surface. Then, the laser beam L reflected by the first reflecting surface 89a and the second reflecting surface 89b.₁₁Is emitted from a light emitting surface 89c that is perpendicular to the light incident surface 89d.
[0006]
In addition, a partial reflection film is formed on the first reflection surface 89a. Therefore, part of the laser beam L₁₂Is transmitted through the first reflecting surface 89a, is transmitted through the wedge-shaped prism 90 fixed on the first reflecting surface 89a, and is emitted from the opening at the upper end surface of the rotary light projecting unit 88.
[0007]
Then, the rotary light projecting unit 88 is rotated in a plane orthogonal to the laser beam optical path 82b, whereby the laser beam L₁₁Rotates around the rotation axis of the rotary light projecting unit 88. Therefore, the reference plane orthogonal to the rotation axis is the laser beam L.₁₁It is formed by. Further, the laser beam L emitted from the upper end of the rotary light projecting unit 88.₁₂Forms a reference spot for indicating a surveying reference point on the ceiling or the like.
[0008]
Thus, the laser beam L emitted from the laser surveying instrument₁₁Needs to be accurately emitted horizontally in order to form a reference plane on a wall surface or the like. Similarly, a laser beam L that forms a reference spot on the ceiling or the like₁₂Need to be emitted vertically accurately. Therefore, when using the laser surveying instrument, the laser beam L₁₁It is necessary to perform leveling work so that the beam is accurately emitted in the horizontal direction.
[0009]
Hereinafter, the laser beam L₁₁A leveling mechanism for accurately emitting the beam horizontally will be described. A bulging portion 91 having a hemispherical shape is formed on the upper end side of the lens barrel 82, and is held in contact with a sliding hole 81 a formed in the housing 81. Since the holding of the lens barrel 82 with respect to the housing 81 is performed only by contact of this portion, the entire lens barrel 82 is tilted in all directions by rotating the hemispherical portion of the bulging portion 91 within the sliding hole 81a. Can be made.
[0010]
A screw 97 that is rotated by a level adjusting motor 98 is provided in the housing 81. A nut 99 is screwed onto the screw 97. The nut 99 is moved up and down as the screw 97 rotates. On the outer surface of the nut 99, an operating pin 101 is formed to project. The operation pin 101 is in contact with a pin 100 communicating with a drive arm 96 formed on the bulging portion 91, thereby restricting rotation of the bulging portion 91 in the X direction (rotation direction in the paper surface). ing.
[0011]
Furthermore, an X-direction tilt sensor 103 that detects the tilt of the lens barrel 82 in the X direction is fixed below the right-angle prism 85 in the lens barrel 82. The rotation of the level adjusting motor 98 is controlled according to the tilt detected by the tilt sensor 103, whereby the screw 97 is rotated. Then, with the rotation of the screw 97, the nut 99 is moved up and down, and the bulging portion 91 linked via the operating pin 101 and the pin 100 is rotated in the X direction. Note that a Y-direction tilt sensor 102 that detects the inclination in the Y-direction (the rotation direction in the plane perpendicular to the paper surface along the vertical direction in the drawing) is fixed to the side of the X-direction tilt sensor. . Although not shown in the drawings, a mechanism for restricting the rotation of the bulging portion 91 in the Y direction in the housing 81 according to the magnitude of the tilt detected by the tilt sensor 102 is also X. It is provided in the same way as the direction. In this way, the lens barrel 82 always faces in the vertical direction, that is, the laser beam L₁₁Is adjusted so that it is always emitted horizontally. Therefore, the laser beam L₁₁Can always form an accurate reference plane.
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the structure of the conventional laser surveying instrument as described above, the laser beam L₁₁The leveling work for horizontally projecting is performed by tilting the lens barrel 82 using a level adjusting motor 98, a screw 97, a nut 99, and the like. For this reason, there has been a problem that the structure of the laser surveying apparatus becomes complicated.
[0013]
Further, the conventional laser surveying apparatus has a problem that power consumption is large because the level adjusting motor 98 is used when performing leveling work.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a laser surveying apparatus that can simplify the structure for leveling and that does not consume power to perform leveling work.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first aspect of the laser surveying instrument of the present invention is that the laser beam isAs divergent lightA laser light source disposed in the lens barrel so as to be emitted;EmanatingOn the optical path of the traveling laser beam, Arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the optical pathTwo flat transparent members,The optical path of the laser beam is disposed in the lens barrel so as to pass through the inside thereof.A cylinder whose inside is sealed by the two transparent membersConditionA member, a first liquid layer formed by filling the cylindrical member with a liquid made of the first material, and the first material are insoluble in each other, having a density lower than that of the first material and A second liquid layer formed by filling the cylindrical member with a liquid made of a second material having a large refractive index;The positive lens disposed in the lens barrel for condensing the laser beam that is diverging light transmitted through each transparent member, and the first lens when the optical axis of the positive lens is oriented in the vertical direction. A negative lens disposed in the lens barrel so that the focal point is located on a point conjugate with the emission point of the laser light source with respect to the positive lens through the liquid layer and the second liquid layer;With, The refractive index of the first liquid layer and the second liquid layer is n ₁ , N ₂ And the focal lengths of the positive lens and the negative lens are f _Three , F _Four And when the distance from the laser light source to the principal point of the positive lens is a,
n ₂ -N ₁ = (Af _Three ) F _Four / (Af _Three )
Have a relationship.
[0015]
That is, since the interface between the first and second liquid layers provided in the laser surveying instrument of the first aspect is always kept horizontal by gravity, when the axis of the lens barrel is inclined with respect to the vertical, Each of these liquid layers functions as a wedge. Since the laser beam passes through each liquid layer and is bent according to the inclination of the lens barrel, it is always emitted in the vertical direction. For this reason, the leveling operation can be performed without using a leveling mechanism of a complicated mechanism as in the prior art, so that the structure of the laser surveying instrument can be simplified as compared with the prior art. Moreover, since the laser surveying apparatus of this aspect can perform leveling work without using power such as a motor, power is not consumed for leveling work.
[0026]
  In addition, the laser surveying instrument of the present invention2The aspect of the laser beamAs divergent lightA laser light source disposed in the lens barrel so as to be emitted;EmanatingOn the optical path of the traveling laser beam4 or more sheets arranged in the lens barrel so as to be parallel to each other and perpendicular to the optical path.Transparent member ofThe optical path of the laser beam is disposed in the lens barrel so as to pass through the inside thereof.Each transparent membersameIn order to form a sealed space by sealing the gap between the transparent members, a cylinder covering between the side surfaces of the transparent membersConditionParts and,In each sealed spaceEach formed,First liquid layer made of a liquid of the first materialAnd saidA second liquid layer made of a liquid of a second material that is insoluble in the first material and has a lower density and a higher refractive index than the first material;A positive lens disposed in the lens barrel for condensing the laser beam, which is divergent light transmitted through the transparent members, and the optical axis of the positive lens is oriented in the vertical direction. A negative lens disposed in the lens barrel so that the focal point is located on a point conjugate with the emission point of the laser light source with respect to the positive lens through the first liquid layer and the second liquid layer, The refractive index of each first liquid layer formed in a tight pain sensation, in order from the laser light source side, n ₁ , N _Three , N _Five ,..., And the refractive index of each second liquid layer is set to n in order from the laser light source side. ₂ , N _Four , N ₆ ,... And the focal lengths of the positive lens and the negative lens are f. _Three , F _Four And when the distance from the laser light source to the principal point of the positive lens is a,
n ₂ -N ₁ + N _Four -N _Three + N ₆ -N _Five ... = (af _Three ) F _Four / (Af _Three )
Have a relationship.
[0033]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
<First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a light projecting device constituting the laser surveying device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows the state of the light projecting device when the laser surveying device is set up in the vertical direction in order to perform laser beam scanning in the horizontal direction.
[0034]
The light projecting device 11 includes a lens barrel 14 fixed in a housing (not shown) of the laser surveying device, and a rotary light projecting portion 15 that is rotatably and coaxially held with respect to the lens barrel 14 via a bearing 19. It consists of and. The rotary light projecting unit 15 communicates with the lens barrel 14 and has a hollow laser beam optical path 15a formed coaxially with the rotation axis thereof, and communicates with the laser beam optical path 15a and has openings in the end face direction and on the side. A pentaprism storage portion 15b is formed.
[0035]
(Laser emission optical system)
A laser diode 21 is fixed to the lower end of the lens barrel 14. A collimator lens 22 and a beam axis adjusting unit 23 are fixed in the lens barrel 14 from the laser diode 21 side. Further, a pentaprism 27 and a wedge-shaped prism 30 are fixed to the pentaprism housing portion 15b of the rotary projector 15.
[0036]
A laser diode 21 serving as a laser light source has a laser beam L₀Is emitted. The collimator lens 22 is a laser beam L emitted from the laser diode 21.₀Is a lens that makes the light parallel. Laser beam L transmitted through collimator lens 22₁Passes through the beam axis adjusting unit 23 and enters the pentaprism 27 (the beam axis adjusting unit 23 will be described in detail later).
[0037]
The pentaprism 27 is fixed in the pentaprism housing portion 15 b of the rotary projector 15 so as to rotate integrally with the rotary projector 15. The pentaprism 27 has a laser beam L₁Is incident on the light incident surface 27c, is inclined by 22.5 ° with respect to the light incident surface 27c, and reflects the laser light incident from the light incident surface 27c, and the first reflective surface A second reflecting surface 27b that is inclined by 45 ° with respect to 27a and reflects the laser beam reflected by the first reflecting surface 27a again; and a second reflecting surface that is perpendicular to the light incident surface 27c and that is perpendicular to the light incident surface 27c. Laser beam L reflected by 27b_ThreeAnd a light emitting surface 27d for emitting light. In addition, since the non-illustrated enhanced reflection film is formed on the second reflecting surface 27b by aluminum vapor deposition, the laser beam is internally reflected by the second reflecting surface 27b. On the other hand, a partial transmission film having a reflectance of 70 to 80% is formed on the first reflection surface 27a. Therefore, 20-30% laser beam L₂Passes through the first reflecting surface 27 a, passes through the wedge-shaped prism 30, and is emitted from the upper end of the light projecting device 12.
[0038]
Laser beam L emitted from the light exit surface 27d of the pentaprism 27_ThreeIs transmitted through the light projecting window 15c opened to the side of the pentaprism accommodating portion 15b and the housing window (not shown). The laser beam L emitted in this way_ThreeThe penta-prism 27 together with the rotary projector 15₁A vertical or horizontal reference line is projected onto a wall surface or the like by rotating in a plane perpendicular to the vertical axis.
[0039]
(Rotating mechanism)
Next, a mechanism (rotating means) for rotating the rotary light projecting unit 15 with respect to the lens barrel 14 will be described. A gear 35 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary light projecting unit 15 that is rotatably connected to the lens barrel 14 via a bearing 19. On the other hand, a bracket 36 that protrudes outward is provided on the upper end surface of the lens barrel 14. A light projecting unit rotating motor 37 is fixed to the bracket 36, and a pinion 38 attached to the rotating shaft of the light projecting unit rotating motor 37 is engaged with the gear 35 of the rotating light projecting unit 15. By rotating the light projecting unit rotating motor 37, the laser light L emitted from the light projecting window 15c._ThreeIs rotated around the rotation axis of the rotary light projecting unit 15, so that a reference plane orthogonal to the rotation axis is formed.
[0040]
(Leveling mechanism)
As described above, the laser beam L_ThreeIn order to project a vertical or horizontal reference line on a wall surface by the laser beam L_ThreeIt is necessary that the emission direction of the laser beam is accurately adjusted. For example, in the state of FIG. 1, a laser beam L that projects a horizontal reference line._ThreeMust be accurately projected horizontally. Hereinafter, such a laser beam L_ThreeA leveling mechanism for adjusting the emission direction will be described.
[0041]
FIG. 2 is a view showing a part of the optical member fixed to the lens barrel 14 for explaining the leveling mechanism in the laser surveying instrument of FIG. The beam axis adjusting unit 23 includes a cylindrical member 43 whose light transmission surface is a mechanical axis l of the lens barrel 14._zTwo parallel glasses 41 that are held in the lens barrel 14 so as to be perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotary light projecting unit 15 and seal both opening edges of the cylindrical member 43, 42 and a liquid layer 44, 45 formed by filling the cylindrical member 43 with two types of liquids that are insoluble in each other. At this time, the density of the liquid layers 44 and 45 is p, respectively.₁, P₂And the refractive index is n₁₁, N₁₂N₁₂-N₁₁= 1, p₁> P₂The relationship is established. In the state shown in FIG. 2, a measuring device (not shown) is used, so that the lens barrel mechanical axis l_zAnd laser beam L₀The beam axis is exactly vertical₀It has been adjusted to face. In this state, the interface between the liquid layers 44 and 45 is always kept horizontal by gravity. Therefore, the laser beam L that passes through the beam axis adjusting unit 23.₁Is the laser beam L₀The vertical direction coincides with the beam axis of₀And the laser beam L bent by 90 ° by the pentaprism 27_ThreeIs facing horizontally.
[0042]
FIG. 3 shows a state in which the lens barrel 14 is tilted by + Δθ ° in the x direction (the direction of rotation in the paper) from the state of FIG. 2 (the clockwise direction in the x direction of FIG. 3 is +). ). Thus, the lens barrel 14 is in the vertical direction l.₀The interface between the liquid layers 44 and 45 is always kept horizontal due to gravity even in a state where the liquid layers 44 and 45 are inclined. For convenience of explanation, each laser beam L is shown in FIG.₁~ L_ThreeThe state of the beam axis before is corrected by the beam axis parallel adjustment unit 23 is shown.
[0043]
In FIG. 4, each beam L is adjusted by the beam axis adjusting unit 23.₁~ L_ThreeThis shows a state in which the direction of the beam axis is adjusted. As described above, since the boundary surfaces of the liquid layers 44 and 45 of the beam axis adjusting unit 23 are kept horizontal by gravity, the liquid layers 44 and 45 each function as a wedge having an apex angle of Δθ °. Therefore, the laser beam L₀Are sequentially refracted by the liquid layer 44 and the liquid layer 45.
[0044]
In general, the deflection angle Δα ′ ° of light refracted by a wedge having a refractive index n and an apex angle Δα ° is
Δα ′ = Δα (n−1) (1)
It is represented by In FIG. 4, the refractive index n₁₁The laser beam L that passes through the liquid layer 44 and enters the liquid layer 45₀Declination Δθ of₁₁'Is from the equation (1)
Δθ₁₁′ = Δθ (n₁₁-1) (2)
It is. That is, the laser beam L₀Is transmitted through the liquid layer 44 so that its beam axis is + Δθ (n₁₁-1) It is bent by degrees.
[0045]
Similarly, the refractive index is n₁₂Laser beam L passing through the liquid layer 45₁Declination Δθ with respect to the incident beam₁₂'
Δθ₁₂′ = Δθ (n₁₂-1) (3)
It becomes. The liquid layer 45 bends the direction of the beam axis in the direction opposite to the x direction with respect to the liquid layer 44. That is, the laser beam L₁The beam axis of the laser beam L incident on the liquid layer 45₀-Δθ (n₁₂-1) It is bent by degrees.
[0046]
Therefore, the laser beam L emitted from the beam axis adjusting unit 23₁The lens barrel machine shaft l_z(Laser beam L₀)₁′ Is obtained from the equations (2) and (3).

Where n₁₂-N₁₁= 1 holds, so Δθ₁'= -Δθ. That is, the laser beam L₁The beam axis of the lens barrel machine axis l_zIs bent in the x direction by −Δθ °, and the vertical direction l₀Will be emitted.
[0047]
That is, in this embodiment, the mechanical axis l of the lens barrel 14_zIs the vertical direction l₀Even when the liquid layer 44 is inclined with respect to the liquid layer 44, the interface between the liquid layer 44 and the liquid layer 45 of the beam axis adjusting unit 23 formed by filling insoluble liquids is always kept horizontal. The vertical angle Δθ is the barrel machine axis l_zVertical direction of₀It is utilized that the slope Δθ is always equal to. For this reason, the lens barrel 14 is in the vertical direction l.₀Laser beam L resulting from tilting with respect to₀The tilt of the beam axis can always be automatically corrected. Therefore, leveling work can be performed without using a mechanism for tilting the entire lens barrel as in a conventional laser surveying instrument. Therefore, the structure of the laser surveying instrument can be made simpler than before. Further, since the beam axis adjustment unit provided in the laser surveying apparatus of the present embodiment does not require power, it is possible to provide a laser surveying apparatus that consumes less power than before.
[0048]
Second Embodiment
FIG. 5 shows a part of the leveling mechanism and the laser emission optical system in the laser surveying instrument of the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the same member as the beam axis adjusting unit 23 of the first embodiment is the mechanical axis l of the lens barrel 14._zLeveling is performed using a plurality of beam axis adjusting units connected in the direction, and other parts are the same as those in the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the structure of the beam axis adjustment unit 50 of the laser surveying instrument of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
[0049]
The parallel glasses 51, 52, and 56 have a light-transmitting surface whose lens barrel axis is 1._zAre held in the lens barrel 14 in a positional relationship parallel to each other. The cylindrical member 53 disposed between the parallel glass 51 and the parallel glass 52 has both opening edges sealed by the parallel glasses 51 and 52. Liquid layers 54 and 55 are formed in the tubular member 53 by filling two kinds of liquids that are insoluble in each other. Similarly, the cylindrical member 57 disposed between the parallel glass 52 and the parallel glass 56 has both opening edges sealed by the parallel glasses 52 and 56. Similarly to the inside of the tubular member 53, the inside of the tubular member 57 is filled with two types of liquids that are insoluble, thereby forming liquid layers 58 and 59. Table 1 shows the density and refractive index of each of the liquid layers 54, 55, 58, and 59. In the state of FIG. 6, the lens barrel mechanical axis l is obtained by using a measuring device (not shown)._zAnd laser beam L₀The beam axis is exactly vertical₀It has been adjusted to face. In this state, the interface between the liquid layers 54 and 55 and the interface between the liquid layers 58 and 59 are always kept horizontal by gravity.
[0050]
[Table 1]

However, in Table 1, between the refractive index and specific gravity of each liquid layer, n_{twenty one}<N_{twenty two}, N_{twenty three}<N_{twenty four}, P₁> P₂, P_Three> P_Four, N_{twenty two}-N_{twenty one}+ N_{twenty four}-N_{twenty three}= 1 holds.
[0051]
FIG. 6 shows a state in which the lens barrel 14 is tilted by + Δθ ° in the x direction from the state of FIG. As shown in FIG.₀Even when the liquid layers 54 and 55 are inclined, the interface between the liquid layers 54 and 55 and the interface between the liquid layers 58 and 59 are always kept horizontal. For convenience of explanation, each laser beam L₂₀~ L_{twenty three}The state of the beam axis before is corrected by the beam axis adjusting unit 50 is shown.
[0052]
In FIG. 7, each beam L is adjusted by the beam axis adjusting unit 50.₂₀~ L_{twenty three}The state in which the direction of is adjusted is shown. As described above, since the interfaces of the liquid layers 54 and 55 and the interfaces of the liquid layers 58 and 59 of the beam axis adjusting unit 23 are kept horizontal by gravity, the liquid layers 54, 55, 58, and 59 are Each functions as a wedge having an apex angle of Δθ.
[0053]
First, a laser beam L emitted from the laser diode 21 and converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 22.₂₀Are sequentially bent by the liquid layers 54 and 55 of the beam axis adjusting unit 50. At this time, the laser beam L that passes through the liquid layer 55 and enters the liquid layer 58 through the parallel glass 52._{twenty one}Of the laser beam L₂₀Declination Δθ with respect to_{twenty one}′ Is obtained from equation (4).
Δθ_{twenty one}′ = −Δθ (n_{twenty two}-N_{twenty one}(5)
It becomes. Laser beam L transmitted through the liquid layer 55_{twenty one}Are further bent by the liquid layers 58 and 59. At this time, the laser beam L transmitted through the liquid layers 58 and 59_{twenty two}Of the laser beam L_{twenty one}Declination Δθ with respect to_{twenty two}′ Is also the same as equation (5),
Δθ_{twenty two}′ = −Δθ (n_{twenty four}-N_{twenty three}(6)
It is represented by Therefore, the laser beam L transmitted through the beam axis adjusting unit 50_{twenty two}Laser beam L₂₀Declination Δθ with respect to₂'

It becomes. As described above, in this embodiment, n_{twenty two}-N_{twenty one}+ N_{twenty four}-N_{twenty three}= 1 holds, so Δθ₂'= -Δθ. That is, the laser beam L_{twenty two}The beam axis of the laser beam L is adjusted by the beam axis adjusting unit 50.₂₀Is bent by −Δθ ° in the x direction with respect to the beam axis of₀Will be emitted.
[0054]
Thus, in this embodiment, the lens barrel 14 is in the vertical direction l.₀The interface of the liquid layers 54 and 55 and the interface of the liquid layers 58 and 59 of the beam axis adjusting unit 50 formed by superimposing a plurality of layers made of two kinds of liquids that are insoluble in each other are always present. Since the liquid layers 54, 55, 58, 59 are kept horizontal, the apex angle Δθ of the liquid layers 54, 55, 58, 59 is the lens barrel machine axis l._zVertical direction of₀It is utilized that the slope Δθ is always equal to. Therefore, the vertical direction l of the lens barrel 14₀Laser beam L due to tilt from₂₀The tilt of the beam axis can always be automatically corrected. Therefore, similarly to the first embodiment, the structure for leveling can be simplified as compared with the prior art, and a laser surveying device with low power consumption can be provided. In the present embodiment, the laser beam L passes through four liquid layers._{twenty two}The direction of the beam axis is adjusted. Therefore, even when the difference in refractive index between the liquid layers 54 and 55 and the difference in refractive index between the liquid layers 58 and 59 are relatively small, the direction of the beam axis can be corrected. The range of choices can be expanded.
[0055]
In the second embodiment, the laser beam L is formed by four liquid layers._{twenty two}However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the laser beam L is adjusted by using a beam axis adjusting unit in which more liquid layers are stacked._{twenty two}The direction of the beam axis may be adjusted. FIG. 8 shows a part of the leveling mechanism and the laser emission optical system in the laser surveying instrument of the modification of the second embodiment. The beam axis adjusting unit 50 ′ shown in FIG. 8 is further sealed on the parallel glass 56 of the beam axis adjusting unit 50 of FIG. 5 by the parallel glass 61 and the two parallel glasses 56 and 61. A unit composed of the cylindrical member 56 and liquid layers 68 and 69 formed by filling the cylindrical member 56 with insoluble liquids is laminated. The refractive index and density of each liquid layer 54, 55, 58, 59 of this beam axis adjusting unit 50 ′ are as shown in Table 1. Moreover, the refractive index of the liquid layers 68, 69,... Laminated on each liquid layer shown in Table 1 is n._{twenty five}, N₂₆, ... and the density is p_Five, P₆, ... Where n_{twenty five}<N₂₆, P_Five> P₆It is assumed that the same relationship is established for each of the stacked liquid layers. At this time, between the refractive indexes of the liquid layers, n_{twenty two}-N_{twenty one}+ N_{twenty four}-N_{twenty three}+ N₂₆-N_{twenty five}... = 1 relationship is established.
[0056]
Even when the beam axis adjustment unit 50 ′ having such a configuration is applied to the laser surveying instrument, the beam axis adjustment unit 50 ′ is emitted from the laser diode 21 and transmitted through the beam axis adjustment unit 50 ′ as in the case of using the beam axis adjustment unit 50. Laser beam L_{twenty two}The beam axis of the vertical direction l₀Can be adjusted to face.
[0057]
<Third Embodiment>
FIG. 9 shows a part of the leveling mechanism and the laser emission optical system in the laser surveying instrument of the third embodiment of the present invention. The third embodiment includes a beam axis adjustment unit 60 similar to the beam axis adjustment unit 23 of the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, the liquid layers 64 and 65 are formed by filling the cylindrical member 43 with two types of liquids that are insoluble in each other. Here, the refractive indexes of the liquid layers 64 and 65 are set to n, respectively.₃₁, N₃₂And each density is p₁, P₂N₃₁<N₃₂, P₁> P₂The relationship holds. In this embodiment, if the focal lengths of the positive lens 66 and the negative lens 67 fixed above the beam axis adjusting unit 60 in the lens barrel 14 are f1 and f2, respectively, the focal points of these lenses 66 and 67 are the same. The distances f1 and f2 and the refractive indexes n of the liquid layers 64 and 65₃₁, N₃₂The relationship of (8) Formula is materialized between. In the state shown in FIG. 9, a measuring device (not shown) is used, thereby_zAnd laser beam L₃₀The beam axis is exactly vertical₀It has been adjusted to face.
[0058]
f2 = (n₃₂-N₃₁) F1 (8)
FIG. 10 shows a state in which the lens barrel 14 is tilted by + Δθ ° in the x direction from the state of FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, the lens barrel 14 is in the vertical direction l.₀Even when the liquid layer is inclined, the interface between the liquid layers 64 and 65 is always kept horizontal. For convenience of explanation, each laser beam L₃₀~ L₃₄The beam axis of FIG. 2 shows a state before the direction is corrected by the beam axis adjusting unit 60.
[0059]
FIG. 11 shows each laser beam L by the beam axis adjusting unit 60.₃₀~ L₃₄This shows a state in which the direction of the beam axis is adjusted. FIG. 12 shows the laser beam L transmitted through the lenses 66 and 67 at this time.₃₁~ L₃₃It is an optical diagram showing the state of the beam axis. As in the above embodiments, since the interface between the liquid layers 64 and 65 of the beam axis adjusting unit 60 is always kept horizontal by gravity, each of the liquid layers 64 and 65 functions as a wedge whose apex angle is Δθ °. To do. First, the laser beam L emitted from the laser diode and converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 22₃₀Are sequentially bent by the liquid layers 64 and 65 of the beam axis adjusting unit 60. The laser beam L bent by the liquid layers 64 and 65 at this time₃₁Laser beam L₃₀Declination Δθ with respect to_Three′ Is the same as the expression (4) in the first embodiment.
Δθ_Three′ = −Δθ (n₃₂-N₃₁(4 ')
It is represented by
[0060]
Laser beam L that has passed through the beam axis adjustment unit 60₃₁Is the lens barrel machine shaft l_zΔθ_ThreeThe light is incident on the positive lens 66 while being tilted by '°. Therefore, the laser beam L transmitted through the positive lens 66₃₂Is located at a point F1 that is a distance from the focal point F of the lens 66. Here, the laser beam L₃₂The distance a from the focal point F of the lens 66 of the condensing point F1 of FIG.
a = f1 × tan (Δθ_Three′) (9)
It is expressed.
[0061]
Laser beam L₃₂Is again a parallel beam by the lens 67.₃₃Is converted to At this time, the laser beam L emitted from the lens 67₃₃The beam axis of the laser beam L by the lens 66 is₃₂Is parallel to a line connecting the condensing point F1 of the lens and the principal point H of the lens 67. Therefore, the laser beam L₃₃Tube axis of the beam axis of the machine_zAssuming that the slope with respect to is Δω, the relationship of the following equation holds from FIG.
[0062]
tan (Δω) = a / f2 (10)
Here, when ω≈0, cos ω≈1, sin ω≈ω, and tan ω = sin ω / cos ω≈ω / 1 = ω (11) Using this relationship, equations (9) and (10) are modified as follows.
[0063]
Δθ_Three′ = A / f1 (12)
Δω = a / f2 (13)
From equations (12) and (13),
Δθ_Three'= Δω × f2 / f1
It is. Substituting equation (4 ') into this,
−Δθ (n₃₂-N₃₁) = Δω × f2 / f1 (14)
From the equation (8), (n₃₂-N₃₁) = F2 / f1, so when substituting this into equation (14),
−Δθ (f2 / f1) = Δω × f2 / f1
That is, Δω = −Δθ.
[0064]
Therefore, the laser beam L emitted from the lens 67₃₃The beam axis of the lens barrel machine axis l_zIs inclined by −Δθ ° in the x direction with respect to the laser beam L.₃₃Is the vertical direction l₀Is emitted. Accordingly, the laser beam L due to the tilt of the lens barrel 14 is obtained.₃₀Vertical direction of₀The inclination from the angle can be corrected.
[0065]
Thus, in this embodiment, the same beam axis adjustment unit 60 as that in the first embodiment described above is used, and the refractive index n of the liquid layers 64 and 65 of this beam axis adjustment unit 60.₃₁, N₃₂Each value is set so that the focal lengths f1 and f2 of the positive lens 66 and the negative lens 67 provided closer to the pentaprism 27 than the beam axis adjustment unit 60 satisfy the relationship of the expression (8). . Thereby, the laser beam L emitted from the negative lens 67 is obtained.₃₃The beam axis is always vertical₀It can be adjusted automatically to suit. Therefore, similarly to the above embodiments, a leveling structure can be simplified as compared with the conventional case, and a laser surveying device with low power consumption can be provided.
[0066]
<Fourth embodiment>
FIG. 13 shows a leveling mechanism and a part of the laser optical system in the laser surveying instrument of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The fourth embodiment is characterized in that leveling is performed using a beam axis adjustment unit having the same structure as the beam axis adjustment unit of the second embodiment, and other parts are the same as those of the third embodiment. Similar to the second embodiment, the beam axis adjusting unit 70 of the present embodiment is filled with two kinds of insoluble liquids in the cylindrical member 53 whose opening edge is sealed by the parallel glasses 51 and 52. Liquid layers 71 and 72 formed, and liquid layers 73 and 74 formed by filling two insoluble liquids into a cylindrical member 57 whose opening edges are sealed by parallel glasses 52 and 56, and have. Table 2 shows the density and refractive index of each of the liquid layers 71 to 74. In the state shown in FIG. 13, a measuring device (not shown) is used, so that the lens barrel mechanical axis l_zAnd a laser beam L emitted from the laser diode 21₄₀The beam axis is exactly vertical₀It has been adjusted to face.
[0067]
[Table 2]

However, in Table 2, between the refractive index and specific gravity of each liquid layer, n₄₁<N₄₂, N₄₃<N₄₄, P₁> P₂, P_Three> P_FourEach of these relationships holds. In the present embodiment, if the focal lengths of the positive lens 66 and the negative lens 67 fixed above the beam axis adjusting unit 70 in the lens barrel 14 are f1 and f2, respectively, the following relationship is established. Yes.
[0068]
f2 = (n₄₂-N₄₁+ N₄₄-N₄₃F1 (15)
FIG. 14 shows the fourth embodiment in which the lens barrel 14 is in the vertical direction l.₀Shows a state tilted by + Δθ ° in the x direction. As shown in FIG. 13, the lens barrel 14 is in the vertical direction l.₀Even in the tilted state, the interfaces of the liquid layers 71 and 72 and the interfaces of the liquid layers 73 and 74 of the beam axis adjusting unit 70 are always kept horizontal by gravity. In FIG. 14, each laser beam L₄₀~ L₄₃The beam axis of FIG. 2 shows a state before the direction is corrected by the beam axis adjusting unit 70.
[0069]
FIG. 15 shows each laser beam L by the beam axis adjusting unit 70.₄₀~ L₄₄This shows a state in which the direction of the beam axis is adjusted. Hereinafter, the laser beam L by the beam axis adjustment unit 70 will be described with reference to FIGS.₄₃A method for adjusting the emission direction will be described. In the fourth embodiment, the boundary surfaces of the liquid layers 71 and 72 and the boundary surfaces of the liquid layers 73 and 74 are kept horizontal by gravity, so that the liquid layers 71 to 74 are formed in the same manner as in the above-described embodiments. Each functions as a wedge having an apex angle Δθ °.
[0070]
First, the laser beam L emitted from the laser diode and converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 22₄₀Are sequentially refracted by the liquid layers 71 to 74 of the beam axis adjusting unit 70. The laser beam L emitted from the beam axis adjusting unit 70 at this time₄₁Laser beam L₄₀Declination Δθ with respect to_Four'Is represented by the following equation from the equation (7) of the second embodiment.
[0071]
Δθ_Four′ = −Δθ (n₄₂-N₄₁+ N₄₄-N₄₃) (7 ')
Laser beam L that has passed through the beam axis adjusting unit 70₄₁Is the lens barrel machine shaft l_zΔθ_FourThe light enters the lens 66 while being inclined by ′ °. Therefore, the laser beam L transmitted through the lens 66₄₂Similarly to the third embodiment, the condensing point F2 is located at a position a away from the focal point F of the lens 66. Here, the laser beam L₄₂The distance a from the focal point F of the lens 66 of FIG.
a = f1 × tan (Δθ_Four’) ・ ・ ・ (9’)
Laser beam L₄₂Is again a parallel beam by the lens 67.₄₃Is converted to At this time, the laser beam L emitted from the lens 67₄₃Tube axis of the beam axis of the machine_zIf the slope with respect to is Δω, the relationship of equation (10) holds.
[0072]
Here, as in the third embodiment, when the equations (9 ′) and (10) are modified using the relationship of the equation (11),
Δθ_Four'= Δω × f2 / f1 (16)
It becomes.
[0073]
Substituting (7 ') into this (16),
−Δθ (n₄₂+ N₄₄-N₄₁-N₄₃) = Δω × f2 / f1 (17)
It becomes. Then, the relationship of Δω = −Δθ is derived from the equations (15) and (17).
[0074]
Therefore, the laser beam L emitted from the lens 67₄₃The beam axis of the lens barrel machine axis l_zIs inclined by −Δθ ° in the x direction with respect to the laser beam L₄₃Is the vertical direction l₀Is emitted. Accordingly, the laser beam L due to the tilt of the lens barrel 14 is obtained.₄₀Vertical direction of₀The inclination from the angle can be corrected.
[0075]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, similarly to the above-described embodiments, the structure for leveling can be simplified as compared with the related art, and a laser surveying device with low power consumption can be provided. .
[0076]
In the fourth embodiment, the laser beam L is formed by four liquid layers.₄₃However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the beam axis L is adjusted by using a beam axis adjusting unit in which more liquid layers are stacked.₄₃May be adjusted. FIG. 16 shows a part of the leveling mechanism and the laser emission optical system in the laser surveying instrument of the modification of the fourth embodiment. The beam axis adjusting unit 70 ′ shown in FIG. 16 is further sealed on the parallel glass 56 of the beam axis adjusting unit 70 shown in FIG. 13 by the parallel glass 77 and the two parallel glasses 56 and 77. A unit composed of the stopped cylindrical member 78 and liquid layers 75 and 76 formed by filling the cylindrical member 78 with insoluble liquids are laminated. The refractive indexes and densities of the liquid layers 71 to 74 of the beam axis adjusting unit 70 ′ are as shown in Table 2. Further, the refractive index of the liquid layers 75, 76,... Laminated on each liquid layer shown in Table 2 is n.₄₅, N₄₆, ... and density is p_Five, P₆, ... Where n₄₅<N₄₆, P_Five> P₆It is assumed that the same relationship holds for the stacked liquid layers. At this time, between the refractive index of each liquid layer and the focal length of each of the lenses 66 and 67, f2 = (n₄₂-N₄₁+ N₄₄-N₄₃+ N₄₆-N₄₅...) The relationship of f1 is established.
[0077]
Even when the beam axis adjustment unit 70 ′ having such a configuration is applied to the laser surveying instrument, the beam axis adjustment unit 70 ′ and the positive lens are emitted from the laser diode 21 as in the case of using the beam axis adjustment unit 70. 66 and the laser beam L transmitted through the negative lens 67₄₃Is the vertical direction l₀It can adjust so that it may radiate | emit to.
[0078]
<Fifth Embodiment>
FIG. 17 shows a leveling mechanism and a part of the laser emission optical system in the laser surveying instrument of the fifth embodiment. In this embodiment, the laser beam emitted from the laser diode is directly incident on the beam axis adjustment unit without being converted into parallel light, and the laser beam after passing through the beam axis adjustment unit is converted into parallel light. The other features are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0079]
A beam axis adjusting unit 80, a positive lens 116, and a negative lens 117 are fixed from the side of the laser diode 21 fixed to the end of the lens barrel 14 in the lens barrel 14 of the laser surveying instrument of the present embodiment. The beam axis adjusting unit 80 has the same structure as that of the first embodiment, and in the cylindrical member 43 whose both opening edges are sealed by the parallel glasses 41 and 42, two types of insoluble ones are provided. Liquid layers 111 and 112 are formed by filling the liquid. The refractive indexes of these liquid layers 111 and 112 are n₅₁, N₅₂(However, n₅₁<N₅₂) And the density is p respectively₁, P₂(However, p₁> P₂). In the state shown in FIG. 17, a measuring device (not shown) is used, so that the lens barrel machine shaft l_zAnd a laser beam L emitted from the laser diode 21₅₀The beam axis is exactly vertical₀It has been adjusted to face. Further, in this embodiment, when the focal lengths of the positive lens 116 and the negative lens 117 are f3 and f4, respectively, the relationship of the equation (18) is established.
[0080]
n₅₁-N₅₂= (A−f3) f4 / (af3) (18)
FIG. 18 shows a state in which the lens barrel 14 is tilted by + Δθ ° in the x direction from the state of FIG. As in the first embodiment, the lens barrel 14 is in the vertical direction l.₀Even in the tilted state, the interface between the liquid layers 111 and 112 of the beam axis adjusting unit 80 is always kept horizontal by gravity. In FIG. 18, each laser beam L₅₀~ L₅₄The beam axis of FIG. 6 shows a state before the direction is corrected by the beam axis adjusting unit 80.
[0081]
In FIG. 19, each beam L is adjusted by the beam axis adjusting unit 80.₅₀~ L₅₄This shows a state in which the direction of the beam axis is adjusted. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the state of the beam axis of the laser beam that passes through the lenses 116 and 117 in the state of FIG. As in the above embodiments, since the interface between the liquid layers 111 and 112 of the beam axis adjusting unit 80 is always kept horizontal by gravity, each of the liquid layers 81 and 82 functions as a wedge having an apex angle of Δθ °. To do.
[0082]
First, the laser beam L emitted from the laser diode 21₅₀Are sequentially refracted by the liquid layers 111 and 112 of the beam axis adjusting unit 80. The laser beam L bent by the beam axis adjusting unit 80 at this time₅₂Laser beam L₅₀Declination Δθ with respect to_Five′ Is expressed as follows, similarly to the expression (4) of the first embodiment.
[0083]
Δθ_Five′ = −Δθ (n₅₂-N₅₁(19)
Laser beam L that has passed through the beam axis adjustment unit 80₅₁Is the lens barrel machine shaft l_zΔθ_FiveThe light enters the positive lens 116 while being tilted by '°. Therefore, the laser beam L transmitted through the positive lens 116₅₂The condensing point F2 of the lens barrel machine axis l_zIs located at a point c2 away from. If the distance from the principal point H2 of the positive lens 116 to the focal point F3 of the negative lens 87 is b, this laser beam L₅₂Lens barrel mechanical axis l of the condensing point F2_zThe distance c2 from FIG.
c2 = b × tan (Δθ_Five′) (20)
(Where b is the distance from the principal point H2 of the positive lens 116 to the focal point F3 of the negative lens 117). Laser beam L₅₂Is converted into a parallel beam by the negative lens 117. At this time, the laser beam L emitted from the negative lens 117₅₃The beam axis of the laser beam L₅₃Is parallel to a line connecting the condensing point F2 of the negative lens 117 and the principal point H3 of the negative lens 117. Therefore, the laser beam L₅₃Tube axis of the beam axis of the machine_zIf the slope with respect to is Δω °,
Δω = tan^-1(C2 / f4) (21)
It becomes. When the value of Δω is −Δθ °, the laser beam L₅₃Is emitted vertically.
[0084]
Here, it is assumed that Δω = −Δθ. First, when the distance from the laser diode 21 to the principal point H2 of the lens 116 is a and the distance from the principal point H2 to the focal point F3 of the negative lens 117 is b, the following equation is generally established.
[0085]
(1 / a) + (1 / b) = (1 / f3) (22)
When this equation (22) is transformed,
b = af3 / (a−f3) (23)
It becomes. From FIG.
tan (Δθ_Five′) = C2 / b (24)
tan (Δω) = tan (−Δθ) = c2 / f4 (25)
Each holds.
[0086]
From the equations (23) to (25),

It becomes. At this time, tan (Δθ_Five′) / Tan (−Δθ) ≈Δθ_FiveSince '/ (-Δθ) (from the equation (11)) holds, the equation (26) is transformed as the following equation.
[0087]
Δθ_Five′ / (− Δθ) = (a−f3) f4 / (af3) (27)
From equation (19), Δθ_Five′ / (− Δθ) = n₅₂-N₅₁So, if this is substituted into equation (27),
n₅₂-N₅₁= (A−f3) f4 / (af3) (28)
That is, in the present embodiment, the laser beam L emitted from the negative lens 117.₅₃The beam axis of the lens barrel machine axis l_zIs bent in the x direction by −Δθ ° and accurately in the vertical direction₀In order to turn to, each parameter should be set to satisfy the above equation (28). Here, since these relations are satisfied in the equation (18), as shown in FIG.₅₃The beam axis is vertical₀It is emitted so as to face.
[0088]
Thus, in this embodiment, the laser beam L emitted from the laser diode 21 is obtained.₅₀Is incident on the beam axis adjusting unit 80 without being converted into parallel light, and the laser beam L bent by the liquid layers 111 and 112 of the beam axis adjusting unit 80 functioning as wedges.₅₁The beam diameter is adjusted by the positive lens 116 and the negative lens 117 and converted into parallel light, and the direction of the beam axis of the laser beam emitted from the negative lens 117 is adjusted. For this reason, similarly to each of the above-described embodiments, a leveling structure can be simplified as compared with the prior art, and a laser surveying device with low power consumption can be provided. Moreover, in this embodiment, the number of optical members to be used can be reduced as compared with the other embodiments described above.
[0089]
In the fifth embodiment, the laser beam L is formed by two liquid layers.₅₃Regardless of this, the laser beam L is adjusted by using a beam axis adjusting unit in which more liquid layers are laminated.₅₃The direction of the beam axis may be adjusted. FIG. 21 shows a part of a leveling mechanism and a laser emission optical system in a laser surveying apparatus according to a modification of the fifth embodiment. The beam axis adjusting unit 80 ′ shown in FIG. 21 is further sealed on the parallel glass 42 of the beam axis adjusting unit 80 of FIG. 17 by the parallel glass 118 and the two parallel glasses 42 and 118. A unit composed of the cylindrical member 119 and the liquid layers 113 and 114 formed by filling the cylindrical member 119 with insoluble liquids is laminated. The refractive indexes and densities of the liquid layers 111 and 112 of the beam axis adjusting unit 80 'are as described above. Further, the refractive index of the liquid layers 113, 114,.₅₃, N₅₄, ... and the density is p_Three, P_Four, ... Where n₅₃<N₅₄, P_Three> P_FourIt is assumed that the same relationship is established for each of the stacked liquid layers. At this time, the relationship of the following equation is established between the refractive index of each liquid layer and the focal lengths of the lenses 116 and 117.
[0090]
n₅₂-N₅₁+ N₅₄-N₅₃... = (a−f3) f4 / (af3)
Even when the beam axis adjustment unit 50 ′ having such a configuration is applied to a laser surveying apparatus, the laser beam L transmitted through the beam axis adjustment unit 80 ′ and the lenses 116 and 117.₅₃Is the vertical direction l₀It can adjust so that it may radiate | emit to.
[0091]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a complicated leveling mechanism is not required, and the structure of the laser surveying apparatus can be simplified. In addition, since no power such as a motor is required, it is possible to provide a laser surveying device that consumes less power than before.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a light projecting device constituting a laser surveying device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a leveling mechanism of the laser surveying instrument according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
3 shows a laser beam L from the state shown in FIG._TenIs a diagram showing a state in which the beam axis is tilted by + Δθ ° in the x direction
4 is a diagram showing a state in which leveling work is performed by the beam axis adjusting unit 23 from the state of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a leveling mechanism of the laser surveying instrument according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
6 shows a laser beam L from the state shown in FIG.₂₀Is a diagram showing a state in which the beam axis is tilted by + Δθ ° in the x direction
7 is a view showing a state in which leveling work is performed by the beam axis adjusting unit 50 from the state of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a leveling mechanism of a laser surveying instrument according to a modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a view for explaining a leveling mechanism of the laser surveying instrument according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
10 shows a laser beam L from the state shown in FIG.₃₀Is a diagram showing a state in which the beam axis is tilted by + Δθ ° in the x direction
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a state in which leveling work is performed by the beam axis adjustment unit 60 from the state of FIG. 9;
12 is an optical diagram showing a beam axis of each laser beam transmitted through each lens 66, 67 in the state of FIG.
FIG. 13 is a view for explaining the leveling mechanism of the laser surveying instrument according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
14 shows a laser beam L from the state shown in FIG.₄₀Is a diagram showing a state in which the beam axis is tilted by + Δθ ° in the x direction
15 is a diagram showing a state in which leveling work is performed by the beam axis adjustment unit 70 from the state of FIG. 13;
FIG. 16 is a view for explaining a leveling mechanism of a laser surveying instrument according to a modification of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a view for explaining a leveling mechanism of the laser surveying instrument according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
18 shows a laser beam L from the state shown in FIG.₅₀Is a diagram showing a state in which the beam axis is tilted by + Δθ ° in the x direction
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a state in which leveling work is performed by the beam axis adjustment unit 80 from the state of FIG. 17;
20 is an optical diagram showing the state of the beam axis of each laser beam passing through each lens 66, 67 of FIG.
FIG. 21 is a view for explaining a leveling mechanism of a laser surveying instrument according to a modification of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a conventional laser surveying instrument
[Explanation of symbols]
14 Tube
21 Laser diode
22 Collimator lens
23, 50, 60, 70, 80, 50 ', 70', 80 'Beam axis adjustment unit
25, 67, 117 Negative lens
26, 66, 116 positive lens
27 Penta prism
41, 42, 51, 52, 56, 61, 77, 118 Parallel glass
43, 53, 57, 62, 78, 119 Cylindrical member
44, 45, 54, 55, 58, 59, 64, 65, 68, 69, 71-76, 111-114 Liquid layer

Claims (2)

A laser light source disposed in the lens barrel so that the laser beam is emitted as diverging light ,
On the optical path of the laser beam traveling while diverging , two flat transparent members arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to the optical path ;
A tubular member having an optical path therein is sealed by said two transparent members together are disposed in said barrel so as to pass through the inside of the laser beam,
A first liquid layer formed by filling the cylindrical member with a liquid made of the first material;
A second liquid layer formed by filling the cylindrical member with a liquid made of a second material that is insoluble with each other and has a lower density and a higher refractive index than the first material; ,
A positive lens disposed in the lens barrel for condensing the laser beam, which is divergent light transmitted through the transparent members,
When the optical axis of the positive lens is in the vertical direction, the focal point is positioned on a point that is conjugate with the emission point of the laser light source with respect to the positive lens through the first liquid layer and the second liquid layer. And a negative lens disposed in the lens barrel ,
The refractive index of the first liquid layer and the second liquid layer and n _1, n _2, the positive lens and the focal length of the negative lens is f _3, f _4, respectively, the main point of the positive lens from the laser light source When the distance to is a,
n ₂ −n ₁ = (a−f ₃ ) f ₄ / (af ₃ )
Laser surveying instrument that have a relationship. A laser light source disposed in the lens barrel so that the laser beam is emitted as diverging light ,
Four or more transparent members disposed in the lens barrel so as to be parallel to each other and perpendicular to the optical path on the optical path of the laser beam traveling while diverging ,
In the optical path of the laser beam to form a sealed space by sealing the gap between the transparent member the worker with disposed in said barrel so as to pass through the inside thereof, between the side surfaces of each other the respective transparent members a cylindrical member covering the,
A first liquid layer made of a liquid of the first material , formed in each of the sealed spaces , and insoluble in the first material and having a lower density and a higher refractive index than the first material. A second liquid layer made of a liquid of the second material ;
A positive lens disposed in the lens barrel for condensing the laser beam, which is divergent light transmitted through the transparent members,
When the optical axis of the positive lens is in the vertical direction, the focal point is positioned on a point that is conjugate with the emission point of the laser light source with respect to the positive lens through the first liquid layer and the second liquid layer. And a negative lens disposed in the lens barrel,
The refractive index of each first liquid layer formed in each hermetic pain is set to n ₁ , n ₃ , n ₅ ,... Sequentially from the laser light source side , and the refractive index of each second liquid layer is the laser. In order from the light source side, n ₂ , n ₄ , n ₆ ,..., And the focal lengths of the positive lens and the negative lens are f ₃ and f ₄ , respectively , from the laser light source to the principal point of the positive lens. When the distance is a,
n ₂ −n ₁ + n ₄ −n ₃ + n ₆ −n ₅ ... = (a−f ₃ ) f ₄ / (af ₃ )
Laser surveying instrument that have a relationship.

Images