JP2000046555A - Laser measuring instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the laser measuring instrument which can facilitate a structure for leveling and is small in electric energy consumed when leveling operation is performed. SOLUTION: A beam axis adjustment part 23 fixed above a collimator lens 22 in a lens barrel 14 has both opening edges of a cylindrical member 43 sealed with parallel glasses 41 and 42 and this cylindrical member 43 is filled with two kinds of mutually insoluble liquid to form liquid layers 44 and 45. Here, n12-n11=1, where n11 and n12 are the refractive indexes of those liquid layers 44 and 45. When the lens barrel 14 slants to the perpendicular direction, the border surface between the liquid layers 44 and 45 is held horizontal by gravitation, so the liquid layers 44 and 45 function as a wedgelike glass. Consequently, a laser beam L1 which is transmitted through the beam axis adjustment is emitted perpendicularly.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a laser surveying device which projects a reference line by a laser beam in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction on a predetermined surface.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in fields such as civil engineering and construction,
2. Description of the Related Art A laser surveying device (so-called laser planar) for marking out horizontal and vertical lines is used. This laser device rotates a light projecting unit that emits laser light, scans the laser light in the circumferential direction, and projects a vertical or horizontal reference line on a projection surface such as a wall surface according to the trajectory of the laser light. is there.

FIG. 22 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a conventional laser surveying device. FIG. 22 shows a state where the laser surveying device is set up in the vertical direction in order to perform laser beam scanning in the horizontal direction. The lens barrel 82 housed in the housing 81 includes a hollow laser beam path 82b and a laser beam path 8b penetrating the whole along the central axis of the laser surveying device.
2b and a hollow laser light path 82a branched at a right angle. In the laser light path 82a, a laser diode 83, a collimator lens unit 104, and an anamorphic prism 84 are fixed from the end face side. A right-angle prism 85 is fixed at the intersection of the laser light paths 82a and 82b.

In the laser beam path 82b, the front lens 8 is moved upward from the rectangular prism 85 in FIG.
6 and the rear group lens 87 are fixed. At the upper end of the lens barrel 82, a substantially cylindrical rotating light projecting unit 88 containing a pentaprism 89 is rotatably mounted in a plane orthogonal to the laser light path 82b. This rotary light emitting unit 8
An opening is formed on each of the upper end surface and the side of the upper surface 8.

[0005] In a laser surveying apparatus having such a configuration,
And a laser die fixed to the end face of the laser light path 82a.
Laser beam L from Aether 83_TenIs emitted,
Laser beam L_TenIs a rotary projection in the right-angle prism 85
90 ° is reflected on the part 88 side, and the front group lens 86 and the rear group
The light passes through the lens 87 and enters the pentaprism 89.
Laser beam L incident on pentaprism 89_TenIs the
The first reflecting surface 89a and the first reflecting surface are inclined by 45 °.
The light is sequentially reflected by the second reflecting surface 89b. Soshi
Reflected by the first reflecting surface 89a and the second reflecting surface 89b.
Laser beam L ₁₁Is perpendicular to the light incident surface 89d
The light exits from the light exit surface 89c.

Further, a partial reflection film is formed on the first reflection surface 89a. Thus, transmits part of the laser beam L ₁₂ is the first reflecting surface 89a, the rotation projecting portion passes through the wedge-shaped prism 90 fixed on the first reflecting surface 89a 8
8 Emitted from the opening at the upper end face.

[0007] Then, the rotary light projecting unit 88 is connected to the laser light path 8.
By being rotated in a plane perpendicular to the 2b, the laser beam L ₁₁ is rotated around the rotation axis of the rotary light projecting unit 88. Therefore, the reference plane perpendicular to the rotary shaft is formed by the laser beam L _11. The laser beam L ₁₂ emitted from the upper end of the rotary light projecting unit 88 forms a reference spot to show surveying reference points such as the ceiling.

[0008] Thus, the laser beam L ₁₁ emitted from the laser surveying instrument, in order to form a reference plane such as a wall surface, need to be precisely horizontally emitted. Similarly, it is necessary to laser beam L ₁₂ to form a reference spot on the ceiling or the like are also accurately vertically emitted. Therefore, when using the laser surveying instrument, as the laser beam L ₁₁ is emitted precisely horizontally, it is necessary to perform leveling work.

[0009] Hereinafter will be described a leveling mechanism for the laser beam L ₁₁ is exactly horizontal exit. A bulged portion 91 having a hemispherical shape is formed on the upper end side of the lens barrel 82, and is held in contact with a sliding hole 81 a formed in the housing 81. Housing 8 of lens barrel 82
Since the holding of the lens barrel 82 relative to the lens barrel 1 is determined by the contact of this part, the entire lens barrel 82 can be tilted in any direction by rotating the hemispherical part of the bulging part 91 in the sliding hole 81a.

In the housing 81, a screw 97 rotated by a level adjusting motor 98 is provided. A nut 99 is screwed into the screw 97. The nut 99 is moved up and down with the rotation of the screw 97. An operating pin 101 is formed on the outer surface of the nut 99 so as to protrude. The operating pin 101 has a pin 1 communicating with a drive arm 96 formed on the bulging portion 91.
00 is in contact therewith, thereby restricting the rotation of the bulging portion 91 in the X direction (the direction of rotation in the plane of the paper).

Further, in the lens barrel 82, below the right-angle prism 85, an X is provided to detect the tilt of the lens barrel 82 in the X direction.
The direction tilt sensor 103 is fixed. The rotation of the level adjustment motor 98 is controlled in accordance with the tilt detected by the tilt sensor 103.
The screw 97 is rotated. Then this screw 9
7, the nut 99 is moved up and down with the rotation of the operating pin 1.
Bulge 91 linked via 01 and pin 100
Are rotated in the X direction. Note that a tilt sensor 102 in the Y direction that detects a tilt in the Y direction (a rotation direction in a plane perpendicular to the paper along the vertical direction in the drawing) is fixed to the side of the tilt sensor in the X direction. . Although not shown in the drawing, a mechanism for regulating the rotation of the bulging portion 91 in the Y direction is also provided in the housing 81 according to the magnitude of the inclination detected by the tilt sensor 102. It is provided similarly to the direction. In this way, the lens barrel 82 always faces the vertical direction, that is, the laser beam L
₁₁ is adjusted so that it is always emitted horizontally. Therefore,
The laser beam L ₁₁ is always able to form an accurate reference plane.

[0012]

[SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION However, in the structure of the conventional laser surveying device as described above, leveling work for emitting the laser beam L ₁₁ horizontally, the level adjusting motor 98 and a screw 97, a nut This is performed by tilting the lens barrel 82 using 99 or the like. For this reason, there was a problem that the structure of the laser surveying device became complicated.

Further, the conventional laser surveying device has a problem that the power consumption is large because the level adjusting motor 98 is used when performing the leveling operation. Therefore,
An object of the present invention is to provide a laser surveying apparatus which can simplify the structure for leveling and does not consume power for performing leveling work.

[0014]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a laser surveying apparatus comprising: a laser arranged in a lens barrel such that a laser beam is emitted in a substantially vertical direction; A light source, two flat transparent members provided in an optical path of the laser beam traveling in a substantially vertical direction, a cylindrical member whose inside is sealed by the two transparent members, A first liquid layer formed by filling a member with a liquid made of a first material; and a second liquid layer insoluble in the first material and having a lower density and a higher refractive index than the first material. A second liquid layer formed by filling the cylindrical member with a liquid made of a material.

That is, since the interface between the first and second liquid layers provided in the laser surveying device of the first embodiment is always kept horizontal by gravity, the axis of the lens barrel is inclined with respect to the vertical. Each of these liquid layers functions as a wedge. The laser beam passes through each liquid layer and is bent in accordance with the degree of inclination of the lens barrel, so that the laser beam is always emitted in the vertical direction. Therefore, the leveling operation can be performed without using a complicated leveling mechanism as in the related art, so that the structure of the laser surveying apparatus can be simplified as compared with the related art.
In addition, since the laser surveying device of this embodiment can perform leveling work without using power of a motor or the like, power is not consumed for the leveling work.

[0016] The laser surveying device having such a configuration may further include a collimator lens unit for converting a laser beam emitted from the laser light source into parallel light.

Further, in the laser surveying device having such a configuration, the difference between the refractive index of the second material forming the second liquid layer and the refractive index of the first material forming the first liquid layer is set to one. Is desirable. With such a configuration, the amount of tilt of the lens barrel and the amount of correction of the beam axis by each liquid layer can be completely matched, so that the laser beam can be emitted accurately in the vertical direction.

Further, the laser surveying device having the above-mentioned configuration includes a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through the second liquid layer, and a negative lens arranged so that the focal point is located on the focal point of the positive lens. May be further provided.

Further, the laser surveying device having the above-mentioned configuration includes a collimator lens unit for converting a laser beam emitted from the laser light source into parallel light, and a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through the second liquid layer. A negative lens disposed so that a focal point is located on a focal point of the positive lens, wherein the refractive indexes of the first and second liquid layers are n ₁ and n ₂ , respectively, and the positive lens and the negative When the focal lengths of the lenses are f1 and f2, respectively, f2 =
The above-mentioned problem can be solved even with a relationship of (n ₂ −n ₁ ) f1.

Further, the laser surveying device having the above-mentioned structure is characterized in that a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through the second liquid layer, and a focal point is located on a point conjugate with the emission point of the laser light source with respect to the positive lens. A negative lens disposed so that the refractive indexes of the first and second liquid layers are n ₁ and n ₂ , respectively, and the focal lengths of the positive lens and the negative lens are f3 and f4, respectively. When the distance from the laser light source to the principal point of the positive lens is a, n
_The above-mentioned problem can be solved even if it has a relationship of ₂ −n ₁ = (a−f3) f4 / (af3).

According to a second aspect of the laser surveying device of the present invention, a laser light source arranged so that a laser beam is emitted in a substantially vertical direction is provided on an optical path of the laser beam traveling in a substantially vertical direction. The first to third flat transparent members provided, the first cylindrical member whose inside is sealed by the first and second transparent members, and the first cylindrical member formed of a first material. A first liquid layer formed by being filled with a liquid, and a liquid made of a second material, which is insoluble with the first material and has a lower density and a higher refractive index than the first material, A second liquid layer formed by being filled in one cylindrical member, a second cylindrical member whose inside is sealed by the second and third transparent members, and a second liquid layer formed in the second cylindrical member. The third formed by filling the liquid composed of three materials A liquid layer and a liquid made of a fourth material, which is insoluble with the third material and has a lower density and a higher refractive index than the third material, are filled in the second cylindrical member. A fourth liquid layer.

That is, since the interface between the first and second liquid layers and the interface between the third and fourth liquid layers provided in the laser surveying device of the second embodiment are always kept horizontal by gravity, When the mechanical axis of the lens barrel is tilted with respect to the vertical, each of these liquid layers functions as a wedge. The laser beam passes through each liquid layer and is bent in accordance with the degree of inclination of the lens barrel, so that the laser beam is always emitted in the vertical direction. Therefore, the leveling operation can be performed without using a complicated leveling mechanism as in the related art, so that the structure of the laser surveying apparatus can be simplified as compared with the related art. Further, in this aspect, the beam axis of the laser beam is bent using more liquid layers than in the first aspect, so that the control of the emission direction of the laser beam according to the inclination of the lens barrel is further facilitated. In addition, since the laser surveying device of this embodiment can perform leveling work without using power of a motor or the like, power is not consumed for the leveling work.

The laser surveying device having such a configuration may further include a collimator lens unit that converts a laser beam emitted from the laser light source into parallel light. Further, the laser surveying device having the above-mentioned configuration may be arranged such that the refractive indexes of the first to fourth liquid layers are n ₁ , n ₂ , and n ₂ , respectively.
When n ₃ and n ₄ , n ₂ −n ₁ + n ₄ −n ₃ = 1
It is desirable to have the following relationship.

[0024] The laser surveying device having the above-mentioned structure may further comprise a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through the fourth liquid layer, and a negative lens arranged so that the focal point is located on the focal point of the positive lens. May be further provided.

Further, the laser surveying device having the above-mentioned configuration includes a collimator lens unit for converting a laser beam emitted from the laser light source into parallel light, and a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through the fourth liquid layer. A negative lens disposed so that the focal point is located on the focal point of the positive lens, wherein the refractive indexes of the first and second liquid layers are n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ , and n ₄ , respectively. , the positive lens and the focal length of the negative lens is taken as f1, f2, respectively, may have a relationship _{f2 = (n 2 -n 1 +} n 4 -n 3) f1.

According to a third aspect of the laser surveying device of the present invention, a laser light source disposed in a lens barrel such that a laser beam is emitted in a substantially vertical direction; and the laser beam traveling in a substantially vertical direction. In the optical path, a plurality of plate-shaped transparent members arranged in parallel at an interval to each other, in order to form a sealed space by sealing the gap between the transparent members,
A cylindrical member that covers a side surface of each of the transparent members; a first liquid layer made of a liquid of a first material filled in the closed space; A second liquid layer made of a liquid of a second material that is insoluble in one material, has a lower density than the first material, and has a higher refractive index is formed.

When employing such a laser surveying device, the plurality of transparent members may be three or more,
Further, four or more sheets may be used. The laser surveying device according to claim 12. In addition, the laser surveying device of the third aspect
The apparatus may further include a collimator lens unit that converts a laser beam emitted from the laser light source into parallel light.

In the laser surveying apparatus according to the third aspect, when the number of transparent members is three or more, the refractive index of each first liquid layer formed in each of the closed spaces is set to n in order from the laser light source side. _1, n _3, n _5, and ..., in order respectively the refractive index of the second liquid layer from the laser light source side, n _2, n _4, n
_6, when the _{···, n 2 -n 1 + n} 4 -n 3 + n 6 -n
_5: = 1 of the relationship may have a.

The laser surveying apparatus according to the third aspect includes a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through each of the transparent members, a negative lens disposed so that the focal point is located on the focal point of the positive lens, May be further provided.

Further, in the laser surveying apparatus according to the third aspect, when there are three or more transparent members, a collimator lens unit for converting a laser beam emitted from the laser light source into parallel light, A positive lens for condensing the formed laser beam, and a negative lens disposed so that the focal point is located on the focal point of the positive lens, wherein each of the first liquid layers formed in each of the closed spaces is refracted. , N ₁ , n ₃ , n ₅ ,... In order from the laser light source side.
, And the refractive indices of the second liquid layers are n ₂ , n ₄ , n ₆ ,... In order from the laser light source side, and the focal lengths of the positive lens and the negative lens are f 1 and f 2, respectively. Sometimes, f2 = (n ₂ −n ₁ + n ₄ −n ₃ + n ₆ −n _5.
..) F1.

Further, in the laser surveying apparatus according to the third aspect, when there are three or more transparent members, a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through each of the transparent members, and a focal point on the focal point of the positive lens A negative lens disposed so as to be positioned, wherein n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ , n ₂ , n ₃ , n ₂ , n ₃ , n ₂ , n ₃ , n ₂ , n ₃ , n ₂ , n ₃ , n ₂ , n ₃ , n ₂ , n ₃ , n ₂ , n ₃ , n ₂ , n ₃ , n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ ,.
n _3, n _5, and ..., in order respectively the refractive index of the second liquid layer from the laser light source side, n _2, n _4, n _6, and ..., of the positive lens and the negative lens When the focal lengths are f3 and f4, respectively, and the distance from the laser light source to the principal point of the positive lens is a, n ₂ −n ₁ + n ₄ −
_{n 3 + n 6 -n 5 ···} = (af3) f4 / (af3)
May have the following relationship.

The laser surveying apparatus according to each of the above aspects comprises a reflecting member for deflecting the laser beam transmitted through the negative lens by 90 °, and by rotating the reflecting member, the emitting direction of the laser beam deflected by the reflecting member is kept constant. And rotating means for rotating in a plane. In that case, the reflection member may be a pentaprism.

[0033]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. <First Embodiment> FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a light projecting device constituting a laser surveying device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a state of the light projecting device when the laser surveying device is set up in a vertical direction in order to perform laser beam scanning in a horizontal direction.

The light projecting device 11 includes a lens barrel 14 fixed in a housing (not shown) of the laser surveying instrument, and a rotary projector rotatably and coaxially held with respect to the lens barrel 14 via a bearing 19. And an optical unit 15. The rotary light projecting section 15 communicates with the lens barrel 14 and has a hollow laser beam optical path 15a formed coaxially with the rotation axis thereof, and has an opening in the end face direction and side direction which communicates with the laser beam optical path 15a. A pentaprism housing section 15b is formed.

(Laser Emission Optical System) A laser diode 21 is fixed to the lower end of the lens barrel 14. Also,
A collimator lens 22 and a beam axis adjuster 23 are fixed in the lens barrel 14 from the laser diode 21 side. Further, the pentaprism 27 and the wedge-shaped prism 30 are fixed to the pentaprism accommodating portion 15b of the rotary light projecting portion 15.

Laser diode 21 as laser light source
Is the laser beam L₀Is emitted. Collimator lens 2
2 is a laser beam emitted from the laser diode 21.
Mu L ₀Is a lens that makes a parallel light. Collimator lens
Laser beam L transmitted through 22₁Is the beam axis adjustment unit 2
3 and enter the pentaprism 27 (beam
The shaft adjustment unit 23 will be described later in detail).

The pentaprism 27 is provided in the pentaprism accommodating portion 15b of the rotary light projecting portion 15.
It is fixed so that it can rotate together with it. The pentaprism 27, the light incident surface 2 the laser beam L ₁ is incident
7c, a first reflecting surface 27a inclined by 22.5 ° with respect to the light incident surface 27c and reflecting the laser light incident from the light incident surface 27c, and a first reflecting surface 27a
And the first reflecting surface 27
a second reflecting surface 27b that reflects the laser beam reflected by the second reflecting surface 27a again, and a laser beam L ₃ that is perpendicular to the light incident surface 27c and that is reflected by the second reflecting surface 27b.
And a light emission surface 27d for emitting the light. The second
Since a reflection increasing film (not shown) is formed on the reflection surface 27b by aluminum evaporation, the second reflection surface 27b
At 100%, the laser beam is internally reflected. on the other hand,
On the first reflection surface 27a, a partially transmitting film having a reflectance of 70 to 80% is formed. Thus, 20-30% of the laser beam L ₂ is transmitted through the first reflecting surface 27a, and is emitted from the upper end of the light projecting device 12 through the wedge prism 30.

From the light exit surface 27d of the pentaprism 27
Emitted laser beam L_ThreeIs the pentaprism housing
A light-projecting window 15c opened to the side of 15b,
The light exits through the window of the housing. Like this
Laser beam L emitted _ThreeIs for each rotary light emitting unit 15
The pentaprism 27 is the laser beam L₁In a plane perpendicular to
Vertical or horizontal to the wall etc.
Project the reference line.

(Rotating Mechanism) Next, a mechanism (rotating means) for rotating the rotary light projecting unit 15 with respect to the lens barrel 14 will be described. A gear 35 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary light projecting unit 15 rotatably connected to the lens barrel 14 via the bearing 19.
Has been fixed. On the other hand, a bracket 36 protruding outward is provided on the upper end surface of the lens barrel 14.
A motor 37 for rotating the light emitting unit is fixed to the bracket 36, and a pinion 38 attached to a rotation shaft of the motor 37 for rotating the light emitting unit is connected to a gear 3 of the rotary light emitting unit 15.
5 is engaged. By rotating the light projecting unit rotating motor 37, the emission direction of the laser beam L ₃ emitted from the light projecting window 15c is rotated about the axis of rotation of the rotary light projecting unit 15, the rotation shaft An orthogonal reference plane is formed.

[0040] (leveling mechanism) As described above, in order by the laser beam L ₃ for projecting the reference line in the vertical or horizontal direction in such a wall, must emission direction of the laser beam L ₃ is adjusted correctly There is. For example, in the state of FIG. 1, a laser beam L that projects a horizontal reference line is used.
₃ must be projected exactly horizontally. The following describes leveling mechanism for adjusting the emission direction of this laser beam L _3.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the laser surveying device of FIG.
An optical unit fixed to the lens barrel 14 for explaining the sub-mechanism
It is a figure showing a part of material. The beam axis adjusting unit 23 has a cylindrical shape.
A member 43 whose light transmitting surface is the mechanical axis l of the lens barrel 14_z(rotation
Perpendicular to the rotation axis of the light emitting unit 15)
The cylindrical member 43 is held in the lens barrel 14 and both ends of the cylindrical member 43 are opened.
Two parallel glasses 41 and 42 for sealing the rim, and a tube
Is filled with two kinds of liquids which are insoluble in each other.
The liquid layers 44 and 45 are formed. The liquid layer at this time
The density of 44 and 45 is p₁, P_TwoAnd the refractive index
Each n₁₁, N ₁₂Then n₁₂-N₁₁= 1, p₁> P_Two
The relationship holds. In addition, in the state of FIG.
With the use of a measuring device, the lens barrel mechanical axis l_z
And laser beam L₀The beam axis is exactly vertical₀
Has been adjusted to face. In this state, the liquid layer
44/45 interface is always kept horizontal by gravity
You. Therefore, the laser beam transmitted through the beam axis adjusting unit 23
Mu L₁Is the laser beam L₀Coincides with the beam axis of
Vertical₀And the pentaprism 27
90 ° bent laser beam L_ThreeIs horizontal
Have been.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which the lens barrel 14 is tilted by + Δθ ° in the x direction (the direction of rotation in the paper plane) from the state of FIG. 2 (the clockwise direction in the x direction of FIG. 3). +). Thus, even when the lens barrel 14 is tilted with respect to the vertical direction l _0, the interface of the liquid layer 44, 45 is always horizontally maintained by gravity. For convenience of explanation, in FIG. 3, the beam axes of the laser beams L _{1 to} L ₃ are:
The state before the direction is corrected by the beam axis parallel adjustment unit 23 is shown.

FIG. 4 shows a state where the directions of the beam axes of the laser beams L _{1 to} L ₃ are adjusted by the beam axis adjusting unit 23. As described above, the liquid layer 4 of the beam axis adjustment unit 23
Since the boundary surface between 4 and 45 is kept horizontal by gravity, the liquid layers 44 and 45 function as wedges each having an apex angle of Δθ °. Therefore, the laser beam L ₀ is sequentially refracted by the liquid layer 44 and the liquid layer 45.

In general, the deflection angle Δα ′ ° of light refracted by a wedge having a refractive index n and an apex angle Δα ° is represented by Δα ′ = Δα (n−1) (1) . In FIG. 4, the deflection angle Δθ ₁₁ ′ of the laser beam L ₀ transmitted through the liquid layer 44 having the refractive index n ₁₁ and incident on the liquid layer 45 is shown.
From the equation (1), Δθ ₁₁ ′ = Δθ (n ₁₁ −1) (2) That is, the laser beam L ₀ transmits through the liquid layer 44, and its beam axis is + Δθ (n
It is bent by ₁₁ -1) °.

Similarly, the deviation angle Δθ ₁₂ ′ of the laser beam L ₁ transmitted through the liquid layer 45 having the refractive index n ₁₂ with respect to the incident beam.
Is represented by Δθ ₁₂ ′ = Δθ (n ₁₂ −1) (3) The liquid layer 45 bends the beam axis in the direction opposite to the x direction with respect to the liquid layer 44. That is, the beam axis of the laser beam L ₁ is the x-direction with respect to the laser beam L ₀ incident on the liquid layer 45 by -Δθ (n ₁₂ -1) °, is bent.

Therefore, the laser beam L ₁ emitted from the beam axis adjusting unit 23 is converted into the lens barrel mechanical axis l _z (laser beam L
_{From the equations} (2) and (3), the declination Δθ ₁ ′ with respect to ₀ ) is given by Δθ ₁ ′ = Δθ ₁₁ ′ −Δθ ₁₂ ′ = Δθ ((n ₁₁ −1) − (n ₁₂ −1)) = − Δθ (n ₁₂ −n ₁₁ ) (4) Here, since the relationship of n ₁₂ −n ₁₁ = 1 holds,
Δθ ₁ ′ = −Δθ. In other words, the beam axis of the laser beam L ₁ is only -Derutashita ° in the x-direction with respect to the barrel machine axis l _z is bent, so that the emitted vertically l _0.

That is, in the present embodiment, even when the mechanical axis l _z of the lens barrel 14 is inclined with respect to the vertical direction l ₀ , the beam axis adjusting unit 2 formed by filling mutually insoluble liquids is formed.
3 for the interface of the liquid layer 44 and the liquid layer 45 which is always horizontally maintained, the apex angle Δθ is barrel machine axis l _z of the liquid layers 44 and 45
Is always equal to the inclination Δθ with respect to the vertical direction l ₀ . Therefore, it is possible to barrel 14 is always automatically correct the tilt of the beam axis of the laser beam L ₀ due to any inclination with respect to the vertical direction l _0. Therefore,
Leveling work can be performed without using a mechanism for tilting the entire lens barrel as in a conventional laser surveying device. Therefore, the structure of the laser surveying device can be made simpler than before. In addition, since the beam axis adjustment unit provided in the laser surveying device of the present embodiment does not require power, it is possible to provide a laser surveying device that consumes less power than before.

<Second Embodiment> FIG. 5 shows a part of a leveling mechanism and a laser emission optical system in a laser surveying apparatus of a second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the same member as the beam axis adjustment unit 23 of the first embodiment is used for the mechanical axis l _{z of the} lens barrel 14.
Leveling is performed by using a plurality of beam axis adjustment units connected in the directions, and the other parts are the same as those in the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the structure of the beam axis adjusting unit 50 of the laser surveying apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

The parallel glasses 51, 52, and 56 are held in the lens barrel 14 in a positional relationship parallel to each other such that the light transmission surface is orthogonal to the lens barrel mechanical axis l _z . The cylindrical member 53 disposed between the parallel glass 51 and the parallel glass 52 has both opening edges sealed by the respective parallel glasses 51 and 52. The inside of the cylindrical member 53 is filled with two kinds of liquids which are insoluble with each other, so that the liquid layer 5
4, 55 are formed. Similarly, the cylindrical member 57 disposed between the parallel glass 52 and the parallel glass 56 has both opening edges sealed by the respective parallel glasses 52 and 56. Liquid layers 58 and 59 are formed by filling two types of liquids that are insoluble in each other, similarly to the inside of the tubular member 53, inside the tubular member 57. Table 1 shows the densities and the refractive indexes of the liquid layers 54, 55, 58, and 59. In the state of FIG. 6, by a not shown measurement device is used, the beam axis of the barrel machine axis l _z and the laser beam L ₀ is adjusted so as to face exactly vertically l _0. In this state, the liquid layers 54 and 55
And the interfaces between the liquid layers 58 and 59 are always kept horizontal by gravity.

[0050]

[Table 1]However, in Table 1, between the refractive index and specific gravity of each liquid layer
Has n_{twenty one}<N_{twenty two}, N _{twenty three}<N_{twenty four}, P₁> P_Two, P_Three> P_Four,
n_{twenty two}-N_{twenty one}+ N_{twenty four}-N_{twenty three}= 1
Is standing.

FIG. 6 shows a state where the lens barrel 14 is tilted by + Δθ ° in the x direction from the state of FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, even when the lens barrel 14 is tilted with respect to the vertical direction l _0, the interface of the interface and the liquid layer 58, 59 of the liquid layer 54, 55 is always kept horizontal. For convenience of explanation, the beam axis of the laser beam L ₂₀ ~L ₂₃ is the previous state where its direction by the beam axis adjustment unit 50 is fixed is shown.

FIG. 7 shows a state where the directions of the laser beams L _{20 to} L ₂₃ have been adjusted by the beam axis adjusting unit 50.
As described above, the liquid layers 54 and 55 of the beam axis adjustment unit 23
And the interfaces between the liquid layers 58 and 59 are kept horizontal by gravity, so that the liquid layers 54, 55, 58, and 5
Numerals 9 function as wedges each having an apex angle of Δθ.

First, the laser beam L ₂₀ emitted from the laser diode 21 and converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 22 is applied to the liquid layer 54 of the beam axis adjustment unit 50.
55 are sequentially bent. At this time, the deviation angle Δ of the laser beam L ₂₁ transmitted through the liquid layer 55 and incident on the liquid layer 58 through the parallel glass 52 with respect to the laser beam L ₂₀ .
From equation (4), θ ₂₁ ′ is Δθ ₂₁ ′ = −Δθ (n ₂₂ −n ₂₁ ) (5). The laser beam L ₂₁ transmitted through the liquid layer 55 is further bent by the liquid layers 58 and 59. At this time, the deviation angle Δθ ₂₂ ′ of the laser beam L ₂₂ transmitted through each of the liquid layers 58 and 59 with respect to the laser beam L ₂₁ also becomes Δθ ₂₂ ′ = −Δθ (n ₂₄ −n ₂₃ ) as in the equation (5). ) (6) Thus, the polarization angle with respect to the laser beam L ₂₀ of the laser beam L ₂₂ passing through the beam axis adjustment unit 50 delta
θ ₂ ′ is Δθ ₂ ′ = Δθ ₂₁ ′ + Δθ ₂₂ ′ = −Δθ (n ₂₂ −n ₂₁ ) −Δθ (n ₂₄ −n ₂₃ ) = − Δθ (n ₂₂ −n ₂₁ + n ₂₄ −n ₂₃ ) ·・ ・ (7) As described above, in the present embodiment, n ₂₂ −n ₂₁
+ N ₂₄ −n ₂₃ = 1 holds, so Δ
θ ₂ ′ = −Δθ. In other words, the beam axis of the laser beam L ₂₂ is the beam axis adjusting unit 50, the laser beam L
The beam is bent by −Δθ ° in the x direction with respect to the ₂₀ beam axes, and emitted in the vertical direction l ₀ .

[0054] Thus, in the present embodiment, even when the lens barrel 14 is inclined with respect to the vertical direction l _0, beam axis adjustment portion formed by superposing a plurality of layers consisting of insoluble two liquids with each other since the interface between the interface and the liquid layer 58, 59 of each liquid layer 54, 55 of the 50 are always horizontally maintained, vertical apex angle Δθ of each liquid layer 54,55,58,59 lens barrel machine axis l _z The fact that it is always equal to the inclination Δθ with respect to the direction l ₀ is used. Therefore, it is possible to always automatically correct the tilt of the beam axis of the laser beam L ₂₀ due to the inclination from the vertical direction l ₀ of the lens barrel 14. Therefore, similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to simplify the structure for leveling as compared with the related art, and to provide a laser surveying device with low power consumption. Also in this embodiment through the liquid layer of the four layers to adjust the orientation of the beam axis of the laser beam L _22. Therefore, even when the difference between the refractive indexes of the liquid layers 54 and 55 and the difference between the refractive indexes of the liquid layers 58 and 59 are relatively small, the direction of the beam axis can be corrected. The range of choices can be expanded.

In the second embodiment, four liquid layers are used.
The laser beam L_{twenty two}Of the beam axis of
However, the present invention is not limited to this.
Using the beam axis adjustment unit, the laser beam L_{twenty two}Of the beam axis
The direction may be adjusted. FIG. 8 shows a modification of the second embodiment.
Leveling Mechanism and Laser Emitted Light in Laser Surveying Instruments in Japan
Indicates a part of the academic system. The beam axis adjusting unit 50 'shown in FIG.
Is on the parallel glass 56 of the beam axis adjusting unit 50 in FIG.
Further, the parallel glass 61 and the two parallel glasses 56, 6
1, a tubular member 56 whose both opening edges are sealed,
This cylindrical member 56 is filled with mutually insoluble liquids.
Consisting of liquid layers 68 and 69 formed by
Are laminated. This beam axis adjustment unit 50 '
The refractive index and density of each liquid layer 54, 55, 58, 59 are shown in Table
As shown in FIG. In addition, on each liquid layer shown in Table 1
The refractive indexes of the liquid layers 68, 69,.
n_{twenty five}, N ₂₆,... And the density is p_Five, P₆, ...
It is. Where n_{twenty five}<N₂₆, P _Five> P₆Holds
The same applies to each of the stacked liquid layers.
Assume that the relationship holds. At this time,
N between the refractive indices_{twenty two}-N _{twenty one}+ N_{twenty four}-N_{twenty three}+ N₂₆-N_{twenty five}
.. = 1.

The beam axis adjusting section 50 'having such a configuration is
Even when applied to a laser surveying device, the beam axis adjustment unit 5
0, the output from the laser diode 21 is
The laser beam emitted and transmitted through the beam axis adjusting unit 50 '
L_{twenty two}Beam axis is vertical l ₀Be adjusted to face
Can be.

<Third Embodiment> FIG. 9 shows a part of a laser leveling mechanism and a laser emission optical system in a laser surveying apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The third embodiment has a beam axis adjustment unit 60 similar to the beam axis adjustment unit 23 of the first embodiment.
Is provided. In the present embodiment, the liquid layer 64, the liquid layer 64,
65 are formed. Here, assuming that the refractive indices of the liquid layers 64 and 65 are n ₃₁ and n ₃₂ and the densities are p ₁ and p ₂ , respectively, the relationship of n ₃₁ <n ₃₂ , p ₁ > p ₂ is established. In the present embodiment, if the focal lengths of the positive lens 66 and the negative lens 67 fixed above the beam axis adjusting unit 60 in the lens barrel 14 are f1 and f2, respectively, Between the distances f1 and f2 and the refractive indexes n ₃₁ and n ₃₂ of the liquid layers 64 and 65,
Equation (8) holds. Incidentally, in the state of FIG. 9, by a not shown measurement device is used, the beam axis of the barrel machine axis l _z and the laser beam L ₃₀ is adjusted so as to face exactly vertically l _0.

F2 = (n ₃₂ −n ₃₁ ) f1 (8) FIG. 10 shows that the lens barrel 14 is shifted from the state of FIG. 2 by + Δθ in the x direction.
° shows an inclined state. As shown in FIG. 10, even when the lens barrel 14 is tilted with respect to the vertical direction l _0, the interface of the liquid layer 64, 65 is always kept horizontal. In addition,
For convenience of explanation, the beam axis of the laser beam L ₃₀ ~L ₃₄ shows a state before its orientation is corrected by the beam axis adjustment portion 60.

FIG. 11 shows a state in which the beam axis directions of the laser beams L _{30 to} L ₃₄ have been adjusted by the beam axis adjusting unit 60. FIG. 12 shows each lens 6 at this time.
6,67 is an optical diagram showing the state of the beam axis of the laser beam L ₃₁ ~L ₃₃ which transmits. As in the above-described embodiments, the interface between the liquid layers 64 and 65 of the beam axis adjusting unit 60 is always kept horizontal by gravity, so that each of the liquid layers 64 and 65 functions as a wedge having an apex angle of Δθ °. I do. First, the laser beam L ₃₀ emitted from the laser diode and converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 22 is sequentially bent by the liquid layers 64 and 65 of the beam axis adjustment unit 60. At this time, the deflection angle Δθ ₃ ′ of the laser beam L ₃₁ bent by the liquid layers 64 and 65 with respect to the laser beam L ₃₀ .
Is represented by Δθ ₃ ′ = −Δθ (n ₃₂ −n ₃₁ ) (4 ′) similarly to the expression (4) in the first embodiment.

The laser beam L ₃₁ transmitted through the beam axis adjusting unit 60 is incident on the positive lens 66 while being tilted by Δθ ₃ ′ ° with respect to the lens barrel mechanical axis l _z . Therefore, the converging point of the laser beam L ₃₂ passing through the positive lens 66, a lens 6
6 is located at a point F1 away from the focal point F by a. The distance a from the focal point F of the focal point F1 of the lens 66 of the laser beam L ₃₂ is from 12, it is expressed by _{a = f1 × tan (Δθ 3} ') ··· (9).

Laser beam L₃₂Is re-
Laser beam L ₃₃Is converted to This
, The laser beam L emitted from the lens 67₃₃of
The beam axis is the laser beam L by the lens 66.₃₂Light collection
It is parallel to the line connecting the point F1 and the principal point H of the lens 67.
You. Therefore, the laser beam L₃₃Beam axis barrel machine axis
l_zAssuming that the inclination with respect to is Δω, FIG.
The relationship holds.

Tan (Δω) = a / f2 (10) Here, when ω ≒ 0, cosω ≒ 1 and sinω ≒ ω, so tanω = sinω / cosω ≒ ω / 1 = ω
(11) Using this relationship,
Equations (9) and (10) are modified as follows.

Δθ ₃ ′ = a / f1 (12) Δω = a / f2 (13) From equations (12) and (13), Δθ ₃ ′ = Δω × f2 / f1. By substituting equation (4 ′) into this, −Δθ (n ₃₂ −n ₃₁ ) = Δω × f2 / f1 (14) From equation (8), (n ₃₂ −n ₃₁ ) = f2 / Since f1 is substituted into equation (14), -Δθ (f2 / f1) = Δω × f2 / f1 That is, Δω = −Δθ.

[0064] Thus, the beam axis of the laser beam L ₃₃ emitted from the lens 67, since -Δθ tilts ° in the x-direction with respect to the barrel machine axis l _z, the laser beam L ₃₃ is emitted in the vertical direction l ₀ Is done. Therefore, it is possible to correct the inclination of the vertical direction l ₀ of the laser beam L ₃₀ due to the inclination of the lens barrel 14.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the same beam axis adjusting unit 60 as in the first embodiment is used, and the refractive indexes n ₃₁ and n ₃₂ of the liquid layers 64 and 65 of the beam axis adjusting unit 60 are used.
Each value is set so that the focal lengths f1 and f2 of the positive lens 66 and the negative lens 67 provided closer to the pentaprism 27 than the beam axis adjusting unit 60 satisfy the relationship of the expression (8). . This allows the beam axis of the laser beam L ₃₃ emitted is adjusted always automatically be directed vertically l ₀ from the negative lens 67. Therefore, similarly to the above embodiments, a laser surveying apparatus that can simplify the structure for leveling compared to the related art and that consumes less power can be provided.

<Fourth Embodiment> FIG. 13 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
3 shows a part of a leveling mechanism and a laser optical system in the laser surveying apparatus of the embodiment. The fourth embodiment is characterized in that leveling is performed using a beam axis adjustment unit having the same structure as the beam axis adjustment unit of the second embodiment, and the other parts are the same as those of the third embodiment. Similarly to the second embodiment, the beam axis adjusting unit 70 of the present embodiment is configured such that two kinds of insoluble liquids are filled in a cylindrical member 53 whose opening edge is sealed by parallel glasses 51 and 52. Liquid layers 71, 72 formed
And liquid layers 73 and 74 formed by filling two kinds of insoluble liquids in a cylindrical member 57 whose opening edge is sealed by the parallel glasses 52 and 56. Table 2 shows the density and the refractive index of each of the liquid layers 71 to 74.
In the state shown in FIG. 13, by using a measuring device (not shown), the mechanical axis l _z of the lens barrel and the beam axis of the laser beam L ₄₀ emitted from the laser diode 21 accurately point in the vertical direction l ₀ . Has been adjusted as follows.

[0067]

[Table 2] However, in Table 2, the relationship of n ₄₁ <n ₄₂ , n ₄₃ <n ₄₄ , p ₁ > p ₂ , p ₃ > p ₄ is established between the refractive index and the specific gravity of each liquid layer. . In the present embodiment, if the focal lengths of the positive lens 66 and the negative lens 67 fixed above the beam axis adjusting unit 70 in the lens barrel 14 are f1 and f2, respectively, the following relationship is established. I have.

F2 = (n₄₂-N₄₁+ N₄₄-N₄₃14) FIG. 14 shows the lens barrel 14 in the vertical direction in the fourth embodiment.
l₀Shows a state tilted + Δθ ° in the x direction with respect to
You. As shown in FIG. 13, the lens barrel 14 is ₀To
The liquid layer of the beam axis adjustment unit 70
The interface between 71 and 72 and the interface between liquid layers 73 and 74 are gravity
Is always kept horizontal. Note that FIG.
And each laser beam L₄₀~ L₄₃The beam axis of the beam
The state before the direction is corrected by the axis adjustment unit 70
Is shown.

FIG. 15 shows a state where the beam axis directions of the laser beams L _{40 to} L ₄₄ have been adjusted by the beam axis adjusting unit 70. Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 12 and 15, the emission direction of the adjustment method of the laser beam L ₄₃ by the beam axis adjusting unit 70 will be described. In the fourth embodiment, the liquid layer 71.
Since the boundary between the boundary 72 and the boundary between the liquid layers 73 and 74 are kept horizontal by gravity, each of the liquid layers 71 to 74 functions as a wedge having an apex angle Δθ °, similarly to the above-described embodiments. .

First, the laser beam L ₄₀ emitted from the laser diode and converted into parallel light by the collimator lens 22 is applied to each of the liquid layers 71 to 74 of the beam axis adjusting unit 70.
Are sequentially refracted. Beam axis adjusting unit 7 at this time
The laser beam L ₄₀ of the laser beam L ₄₁ emitted from 0
Declination Δθ for ₄ 'and (7) of the second embodiment is expressed by the following equation.

Δθ_Four′ = −Δθ (n₄₂-N₄₁+ N₄₄-N₄₃(7 ') Laser beam L transmitted through beam axis adjusting unit 70₄₁Is a mirror
Tube machine shaft l_zΔθ_Four’° tilted, Len
Incident on the aperture 66. For this reason, the laser transmitted through the lens 66
The beam L₄₂Is the same as in the third embodiment.
Then, it is located at a position apart from the focal point F of the lens 66 by a.
Here, the laser beam L₄₂From the focal point F of the lens 66
The distance a is given by: a = f1 × tan (Δθ)_Four') ... (9') Laser beam L₄₂Is a parallel beam again by the lens 67
Laser beam L ₄₃Is converted to At this time,
Laser beam L emitted from nozzle 67₄₃Beam axis mirror
Tube machine shaft l_zAssuming that the inclination with respect to is Δω, equation (10)
Holds.

Here, as in the third embodiment, (11)
When the equations (9 ′) and (10) are transformed using the relation of the equation, Δθ ₄ ′ = Δω × f2 / f1 (16)

By substituting equation (7 ′) into equation (16), the following equation is obtained: −Δθ (n ₄₂ + n ₄₄ −n ₄₁ −n ₄₃ ) = Δω × f2 / f1 (17) Then, from equations (15) and (17), Δω = −
The relationship of Δθ is derived.

Therefore, the beam axis of the laser beam L ₄₃ emitted from the lens 67 is inclined by −Δθ ° in the x direction with respect to the lens barrel mechanical axis l _z , so that the laser beam L ₄₃ is
Emitted to ₀ . Therefore, it is possible to correct the inclination of the vertical direction l ₀ of the laser beam L ₄₀ due to the inclination of the lens barrel 14.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, similarly to the above-described embodiments, a laser surveying apparatus which can simplify the structure for leveling as compared with the related art and consumes less power is provided. be able to.

[0076] Incidentally, in the fourth embodiment, although adjusting the orientation of the beam axis of the laser beam L ₄₃ by the liquid layer of the four layers is not limited thereto, the beam axis more liquid layers are laminated by using the adjustment section may adjust the orientation of the beam axis L _43. FIG. 16 shows a part of a laser leveling mechanism and a laser emission optical system in a laser surveying apparatus according to a modification of the fourth embodiment. The beam axis adjusting unit 70 'shown in FIG. 16 has a parallel glass 77 and two parallel glasses 56, 77 on both sides of which are sealed on the parallel glass 56 of the beam axis adjusting unit 70 shown in FIG. A unit including a stopped cylindrical member 78 and liquid layers 75 and 76 formed by filling the cylindrical member 78 with mutually insoluble liquids is laminated. The refractive index and density of each of the liquid layers 71 to 74 of the beam axis adjusting unit 70 'are as shown in Table 2. Further, the liquid layers 7 stacked on each of the liquid layers shown in Table 2
The refractive indexes of 5, 76,... Are n ₄₅ , n ₄₆ ,..., And the densities are p ₅ , p ₆ ,. Here, n ₄₅ <n
₄₆ , p ₅ > p ₆ holds, and the same relationship holds for the stacked liquid layers.
At this time, between the refractive index and the focal length of each lens 66, 67 of each liquid _{layer, f2 = (n 42 -n 41} + n 44 -n 43 +
n ₄₆ −n ₄₅ ...) f1 holds.

Even when the beam axis adjusting unit 70 'having such a configuration is applied to a laser surveying apparatus, the beam axis adjusting unit 7
0, the laser beam L ₄₃ emitted from the laser diode 21 and transmitted through the beam axis adjusting unit 70 ′, the positive lens 66, and the negative lens 67 is reflected in the vertical direction l.
It can be adjusted so that it is emitted to _zero .

<Fifth Embodiment> FIG. 17 shows a part of a laser leveling mechanism and a laser emission optical system in a laser surveying apparatus of a fifth embodiment. In the present embodiment, the laser beam emitted from the laser diode is directly incident on the beam axis adjustment unit without being converted into parallel light, and the laser beam transmitted through the beam axis adjustment unit is converted into parallel light. Other features are the same as those of the first embodiment.

A laser diode 21 fixed to the end of the lens barrel 14 is provided in the lens barrel 14 of the laser surveying apparatus of this embodiment.
From the side, the beam axis adjustment unit 80, the positive lens 116, and the negative lens 117 are fixed. Beam axis adjustment unit 80
Has a structure similar to that of the first embodiment, and two kinds of liquids that are insoluble in each other are filled in a cylindrical member 43 whose both open edges are sealed by the parallel glasses 41 and 42. Thereby, liquid layers 111 and 112 are formed. The refractive indices of these liquid layers 111 and 112 are n ₅₁ and n, respectively.
₅₂ (where n ₅₁ <n ₅₂ ) and the densities are p ₁ and p ₁ , respectively.
p ₂ (where p ₁ > p ₂ ). Incidentally, in the state of FIG. 17, by a not shown measurement device is used, oriented vertically l ₀ beam axis precisely the laser beam L ₅₀ emitted from the lens barrel machine axis l _z and the laser diode 21 Has been adjusted as follows. Further, in the present embodiment, if the focal lengths of the positive lens 116 and the negative lens 117 are f3 and f4, respectively, the relationship of Expression (18) holds.

N₅₁-N₅₂= (A−f3) f4 / (af3) (18) FIG. 18 shows the state where the lens barrel 14 is shifted by + Δ in the x direction from the state of FIG.
This shows a state inclined by θ °. The first embodiment described above and
Similarly, the lens barrel 14 is in the vertical direction l.₀Leaning against
However, the boundary between the liquid layers 111 and 112 of the beam axis adjustment unit 80
The surface is always kept horizontal by gravity. This figure
At 18, each laser beam L₅₀~ L ₅₄Beam axis of
Is corrected in direction by the beam axis adjusting unit 80
This shows the previous state.

FIG. 19 shows a state where the directions of the beam axes of the laser beams L _{50 to} L ₅₄ have been adjusted by the beam axis adjusting unit 80. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the state of the beam axis of the laser beam transmitted through each of the lenses 116 and 117 in the state of FIG. As in the above embodiments, since the interface between the liquid layers 111 and 112 of the beam axis adjusting unit 80 is always kept horizontal by gravity, each of the liquid layers 81 and 82 functions as a wedge having an apex angle of Δθ °. I do.

First, the laser beam L ₅₀ emitted from the laser diode 21 is applied to the liquid layer 11 of the beam axis adjusting unit 80.
The light is sequentially refracted by 1,112. At this time, the deflection angle Δθ ₅ ′ of the laser beam L ₅₂ bent by the beam axis adjustment unit 80 with respect to the laser beam L ₅₀ is expressed as follows, as in the case of the expression (4) in the first embodiment. .

Δθ ₅ ′ = −Δθ (n ₅₂ −n ₅₁ ) (19) The laser beam L ₅₁ transmitted through the beam axis adjusting unit 80 is Δθ ₅ ′ ° with respect to the lens barrel mechanical axis l _z . The light enters the positive lens 116 in an inclined state. Therefore, the focal point F2 of the laser beam L ₅₂ passing through the positive lens 116, barrel machine axis l
_It is located at a point c2 away from _z . When the distance from the principal point of the positive lens 116 H2 to the focal point F3 of the negative lens 87 is b, the distance c2 from the barrel machine axis l _z of the focal point F2 of the laser beam L _52, from FIG. 20, c2 = B × tan (Δθ ₅ ′) (20) (where b is the distance from the principal point H2 of the positive lens 116 to the focal point F3 of the negative lens 117). The laser beam _L52 is converted into a parallel beam by the negative lens 117. At this time, the beam axis of the laser beam L ₅₃ emitted from the negative lens 117 is parallel to the line connecting the laser beam main point of the focal point F2 and the negative lens 117 of L ₅₃ H3. Therefore, when the inclination with respect to the lens barrel machine axis l _z of the beam axis of the laser beam L ₅₃ and ^{Δω °, Δω = tan -1 (} c2 / f4) a ... (21). If the value of this Δω becomes -Δθ °, so that the laser beam L ₅₃ is emitted vertically.

Here, it is assumed that Δω = −Δθ. First,
Assuming that the distance from the laser diode 21 to the principal point H2 of the lens 116 is a and the distance from this principal point H2 to the focal point F3 of the negative lens 117 is b, the following equation generally holds.

(1 / a) + (1 / b) = (1 / f3) (2)
2) When this equation (22) is modified, b = af3 / (a-f3) (23) From FIG. 20, tan (Δθ ₅ ′) = c2 / b (24) tan (Δω) = tan (−Δθ) = c2 / f4 (25) holds.

From the equations (23) to (25), tan (Δθ ₅ ') / tan (-Δθ) = (c2 / b) / (c2 / f4) = f4 / b = (a-f3) f4 / ( af3) (26) At this time, tan (Δθ ₅ ′) / tan (−Δ
θ) ≒ Δθ ₅ ′ / (− Δθ) (from the expression (11)) holds, the expression (26) is transformed into the following expression.

Δθ ₅ ′ / (− Δθ) = (a−f3) f4 / (af3) (27) From the equation (19), Δθ ₅ ′ / (− Δθ) = n ₅₂ −n ₅₁ . Substituting this into equation (27), n ₅₂ −n ₅₁ = (a−f3) f4 / (af3) (28) That is, in the present embodiment, the laser beam L ₅₃ emitted from the negative lens 117. Is the beam axis of the lens barrel
_In order to bend in the x direction with respect to _z by -Δθ ° and to be directed in the vertical direction l ₀ exactly, each parameter may be set so as to satisfy the above equation (28). Here, (18)
Since these relations are satisfied in the equation, FIG.
As shown in, the laser beam L ₅₃ is the beam axis is emitted to face vertically l _0.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the laser beam L ₅₀ emitted from the laser diode 21 is made incident on the beam axis adjustment unit 80 without being converted into parallel light, and the liquid layers 111 of the beam axis adjustment unit 80 are separated. , 112 function as wedges, the laser beam L ₅₁ is adjusted by the positive lens 116 and the negative lens 117 to adjust the beam diameter and converted into parallel light, and the laser beam emitted from the negative lens 117 The direction of the beam axis of the beam is adjusted. For this reason, the structure for leveling can be simplified as compared with the related art as in the above-described embodiments, and a laser surveying device that consumes less power can be provided. Further, in this embodiment, the number of optical members used can be reduced as compared with the other embodiments described above.

[0089] In the fifth embodiment, although adjusting the orientation of the beam axis of the laser beam L ₅₃ by two layers of the liquid layer, regardless of this, the beam axis more liquid layers are laminated by using the adjustment section may adjust the orientation of the beam axis of the laser beam L _53. FIG. 21 shows a part of a laser leveling mechanism and a laser emission optical system in a laser surveying apparatus according to a modification of the fifth embodiment. Beam axis adjustment unit 8 shown in FIG.
0 ′ is the parallel glass 42 of the beam axis adjusting unit 80 in FIG.
Furthermore, the parallel glass 118, the cylindrical member 119 whose both opening edges are sealed by the two parallel glasses 42, 118, and the cylindrical member 119 being filled with mutually insoluble liquids. Liquid layers 113 and 11 formed by
4 are stacked. The refractive indexes and densities of the liquid layers 111 and 112 of the beam axis adjusting unit 80 'are as described above. The liquid layer 113,
The refractive indexes of 114,... Are n ₅₃ , n ₅₄ ,..., And the densities are p ₃ , p ₄ ,. Here, n ₅₃ <
It is assumed that the relationship of n ₅₄ , p ₃ > p ₄ holds, and the same relationship holds for each of the stacked liquid layers. At this time, the refractive index of each liquid layer and each lens 1
The following relationship is established between the focal lengths of 16, 117 and the like.

N ₅₂ −n ₅₁ + n ₅₄ −n ₅₃ ... = (A−f
3) f4 / (af3) 'even when applied to a laser surveying instrument, the beam axis adjustment portion 80' such a configuration of the beam axis adjusting unit 50 the laser beam L ₅₃ having passed through the or each lens 116, 117 is a vertical direction it can be adjusted so as to be emitted to l _0.

[0091]

According to the present invention, the structure of the laser surveying apparatus can be simplified without requiring a complicated leveling mechanism. Further, since no power such as a motor is required, it is possible to provide a laser surveying device that consumes less power than in the past.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a light projecting device constituting a laser surveying device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a leveling mechanism of the laser surveying apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram beam axis represents tilted + [Delta] [theta] ° in the x-direction of the laser beam L ₁₀ from the state shown in FIG. 2

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which a leveling operation has been performed by a beam axis adjusting unit 23 from the state of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a leveling mechanism of the laser surveying device according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a diagram beam axis of the laser beam L ₂₀ from the state of FIG. 5 shows a tilted + [Delta] [theta] ° in the x-direction

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which leveling work has been performed by the beam axis adjusting unit 50 from the state of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a leveling mechanism of a laser surveying device according to a modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a view for explaining a leveling mechanism of the laser surveying apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram beam axis of the laser beam L ₃₀ from the state of FIG. 9 shows a tilted + [Delta] [theta] ° in the x-direction

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a state in which a leveling operation has been performed by the beam axis adjusting unit 60 from the state of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 shows each lens 66, 67 in the state of FIG.
FIG. 3 is an optical diagram showing a beam axis of each laser beam transmitting through the laser beam.

FIG. 13 is a view for explaining a leveling mechanism of a laser surveying apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram beam axis of the laser beam L ₄₀ from the state of FIG. 13 shows a tilted + [Delta] [theta] ° in the x-direction

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a state in which a leveling operation has been performed by the beam axis adjusting unit 70 from the state of FIG. 13;

FIG. 16 is a view for explaining a leveling mechanism of a laser surveying apparatus according to a modification of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a view for explaining a leveling mechanism of the laser surveying apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[18] FIG beam axis of the laser beam L ₅₀ from the state of FIG. 17 shows a tilted + [Delta] [theta] ° in the x-direction

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a state in which leveling work has been performed by the beam axis adjustment unit 80 from the state of FIG. 17;

20 is an optical diagram showing a state of a beam axis of each laser beam transmitted through each lens 66 and 67 in FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a leveling mechanism of a laser surveying apparatus according to a modification of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a sectional view showing the structure of a conventional laser surveying device.

[Explanation of symbols]

14 lens barrel 21 laser diode 22 collimator lens 23, 50, 60, 70, 80, 50 ', 70', 8
0 'Beam axis adjuster 25, 67, 117 Negative lens 26, 66, 116 Positive lens 27 Penta prism 41, 42, 51, 52, 56, 61, 77, 118
Parallel glass 43, 53, 57, 62, 78, 119 tubular member 44, 45, 54, 55, 58, 59, 64, 65, 6
8,69,71-76,111-114 Liquid layer

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. A laser light source disposed in a lens barrel so that a laser beam is emitted in a substantially vertical direction; and two flat plate-like members provided on an optical path of the laser beam traveling in a substantially vertical direction. A transparent member, a tubular member whose inside is sealed by the two transparent members, a first liquid layer formed by filling a liquid made of a first material into the tubular member, A second liquid formed by filling the cylindrical member with a liquid made of a second material that is insoluble in the first material and has a lower density and a higher refractive index than the first material.
A laser surveying device comprising: a liquid layer. 2. The laser surveying device according to claim 1, further comprising a collimator lens unit that converts a laser beam emitted from the laser light source into parallel light. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the second material forming the second liquid layer and the refractive index of the first material forming the first liquid layer is 1. Laser surveying equipment. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through said second liquid layer; and a negative lens disposed so that a focal point is located on a focal point of said positive lens. Item 4. A laser surveying device according to any one of Items 3. 5. A collimator lens unit for converting a laser beam emitted from the laser light source into parallel light, a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through the second liquid layer, A negative lens disposed so that a focal point is located, wherein the refractive indexes of the first and second liquid layers are n ₁ and n ₂ , respectively, and the focal lengths of the positive lens and the negative lens are f 1 and f 1, respectively. _2. The laser surveying device according to claim ₁ , wherein f2 = (n ₂ −n ₁ ) f ₁ , where f ₂ . 6. A positive lens for condensing a laser beam transmitted through the second liquid layer, and a negative lens disposed such that a focal point is located on a point conjugate with an emission point of the laser light source with respect to the positive lens. Wherein the refractive indexes of the first and second liquid layers are n ₁ and n ₂ respectively, the focal lengths of the positive lens and the negative lens are f3 and f4, respectively, _2. The laser surveying device according to claim 1, wherein, when the distance to the principal point is a, n ₂ −n ₁ = (a−f3) f4 / (af3). 7. A laser light source disposed in a lens barrel so that a laser beam is emitted in a substantially vertical direction, and first to third light sources provided in an optical path of the laser beam traveling in a substantially vertical direction. A flat transparent member, a first cylindrical member whose inside is sealed by the first and second transparent members, and formed by filling the first cylindrical member with a liquid made of a first material. A first liquid layer, and a liquid made of a second material that is insoluble in the first material and has a lower density and a higher refractive index than the first material is filled in the first cylindrical member. A second liquid layer formed by the above, a second cylindrical member whose inside is sealed by the second and third transparent members, and a liquid made of a third material is filled in the second cylindrical member. And the third liquid layer formed by the A fourth liquid layer formed by filling the second cylindrical member with a liquid made of a fourth material that is dissolved and has a lower density and a higher refractive index than the third material. . 8. The laser surveying device according to claim 7, further comprising a collimator lens unit that converts a laser beam emitted from the laser light source into parallel light. 9. When the refractive indexes of the first to fourth liquid layers are n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ and n ₄ , respectively, n ₂ −n ₁ +
laser surveying instrument according to claim 7 or claim 8 having n ₄ -n ₃ = 1 relationship. 10. A lens according to claim 7, further comprising: a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through said fourth liquid layer; and a negative lens disposed so that a focal point is located on a focal point of said positive lens. Item 10. A laser surveying device according to any one of Items 9 to 10. 11. A collimator lens unit for converting a laser beam emitted from the laser light source into parallel light, a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through the fourth liquid layer, A negative lens disposed so that the focal point is located, wherein the first and second liquid layers have refractive indices of n ₁ , n ₂ , and n ₂ , respectively.
n _3, and the n _4, the positive lens and the focal length of the negative lens is taken as f1, f2, _{respectively, f2 = (n 2 -n 1} + n 4 -n 3) according to claim 7 having a relationship f1 A laser surveying device according to item 1. 12. A laser light source disposed in a lens barrel so that a laser beam is emitted in a substantially vertical direction, and a laser light source disposed in an optical path of the laser beam traveling in a substantially vertical direction and spaced apart from each other in parallel. A plurality of flat-plate-shaped transparent members, and a cylindrical member that covers between the side surfaces of the respective transparent members to form a sealed space by sealing a gap between the respective transparent members; In the closed space, a first liquid layer made of a liquid of a first material filled in the closed space is provided.
A laser surveying apparatus, wherein a second liquid layer made of a liquid of a second material, which is insoluble in the material and has a lower density and a higher refractive index than the first material, is formed. 13. The laser surveying device according to claim 12, wherein said plurality of transparent members are three or more. 14. The laser surveying device according to claim 12, wherein the number of the plurality of transparent members is four or more. 15. The laser surveying device according to claim 12, further comprising a collimator lens unit that converts a laser beam emitted from said laser light source into parallel light. 16. The refractive index of each of the first liquid layers formed in each of the closed spaces is set in order from the laser light source side.
_{n 1, n 3, n 5} , and ..., in sequence, _{respectively, n 2, n 4, n} 6, · the refractive index of the second liquid layer from the laser light source side
When a .., laser surveying instrument according to _{n 2 -n 1 + n 4 -n} 3 + n 6 -n 5 claim 14 or claim 15 having ... = 1 relationship. 17. The apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising: a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through each of said transparent members; and a negative lens arranged such that a focal point is located on a focal point of said positive lens. Item 17. A laser surveying device according to any one of Items 16. 18. A collimator lens unit for converting a laser beam emitted from the laser light source into parallel light, a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through each of the transparent members, and a focal point on the focal point of the positive lens. And a negative lens arranged such that n ₁ , n ₃ , n ₅ , n ₅ , and n ₂ are arranged in order from the laser light source side, respectively, from the laser light source side.・
.., And the refractive indexes of the respective second liquid layers are set to n ₂ , n ₄ , n ₆ ,... In order from the laser light source side, and the focal lengths of the positive lens and the negative lens are f 1 and f, respectively
When a _{2, f2 = (n 2 -n} 1 + n 4 -n 3 + n 6 -n 5 ···) laser surveying instrument according to claim 14, further comprising a relation of f1. 19. The apparatus according to claim 19, further comprising: a positive lens for condensing the laser beam transmitted through each of said transparent members; and a negative lens disposed such that a focal point is located on a focal point of said positive lens. , N ₁ , n ₃ , n ₅ ,... In order from the laser light source side.
.., And the refractive indexes of the respective second liquid layers are set to n ₂ , n ₄ , n ₆ ,... In order from the laser light source side, and the focal lengths of the positive lens and the negative lens are f 3 and f, respectively
4 and then, the distance from the laser light source to the main point of the positive lens is taken as _{a, n 2 -n 1 + n} 4 -n 3 + n 6 -n 5 ··· = (a-f3) f
The laser surveying device according to claim 14, having a relationship of 4 / (af3). 20. A reflecting member for deflecting a laser beam transmitted through the negative lens by 90 °, and a rotation for rotating the reflecting member to rotate an emission direction of the laser beam deflected by the reflecting member in a predetermined plane. Claims 3, 5, 6, further comprising means.
The laser surveying device according to any one of 9, 11, 16, 18, and 19. 21. A laser surveying device according to claim 20, wherein said reflecting member is a pentaprism.